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Conference Proceedings Reference Conference Proceedings Proceedings of the First ERCIM Workshop on eMobility BRAUN, Torsten (Ed.), et al. Abstract This volume contains all accepted papers of the ERCIM Workshop on eMobility, which has been held in Coimbra, Portugal, on May 21, 2007. Papers from three main areas have been selected for the workshop. The workshop papers discuss several topics of the ERCIM eMobility working group, namely – Traffic engineering and mobility management – Wireless (sensor) networks – Pervasive computing and mobile applications. The goal of the ERCIM workshop is to foster collaborative work within the European research community and to increase co-operation with European industry. Current progress and future developments in the area of eMobility should be discussed and the gap between theory and application should be closed. Reference BRAUN, Torsten (Ed.), et al. Proceedings of the First ERCIM Workshop on eMobility. Tampere : University of Tampere, 2007 Available at: http://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:72594 Disclaimer: layout of this document may differ from the published version. 1 / 1 Preface This volume contains all accepted papers of the ERCIM Workshop on eMobility, which has been held in Coimbra, Portugal, on May 21, 2007. Papers from three main areas have been selected for the workshop. The workshop papers discuss several topics of the ERCIM eMobility working group, namely – Traffic engineering and mobility management – Wireless (sensor) networks – Pervasive computing and mobile applications. The goal of the ERCIM workshop is to foster collaborative work within the European research community and to increase co-operation with European in- dustry. Current progress and future developments in the area of eMobility should be discussed and the gap between theory and application should be closed. At this point, we want to thank all authors of the submitted papers and the members of the international program committee for their contribution to the success of the event and the high quality program. In a peer review process, 12 papers have been selected out of 21 submissions. The reviewers evaluated all the papers and sent the authors the comments on their work. The workshop started with a keynote from Prof. Luis M. Correia on “eMo- bility: present and future challenges”, which formed a great introduction to the following presentations. Coimbra, one of the oldest and most famous universities in Portugal and Europe gave us an inspiring environment for a lot of intensive and fruitful dis- cussions. The next ERCIM workshop is scheduled for 2008. We hope that a lot of our participants and many new colleagues will take this opportunity to con- tinue exchanging their knowledge and experiences devoted to the development and use of eMobility. Torsten Braun Dimitri Konstantas Saverio Mascolo Markus Wulff General chairs Torsten Braun, University of Bern, Switzerland Dimitri Konstantas, University of Geneva, Switzerland TPC chairs Saverio Mascolo, Politecnico di Bari, Italy Markus Wulff, University of Bern, Switzerland Technical program committee Francisco Barceló-Arroyo, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Spain Hans van den Berg, University of Twente, The Netherlands Raffaele Bruno, Italian National Research Council, Italy Giovanni Giambene, University of Siena, Italy Geert Heijenk, University of Twente, The Netherlands Jean-Marie Jaquet, University of Namur, Belgium Andreas J. Kassler, Karlstad University, Sweden Yevgeni Koucheryavy, Tampere University of Technology, Finland Edmundo Monteiro, University of Coimbra, Portugal Maria Papadopouli, University of Crete, Greece Antonio M. Peinado, University of Granada, Spain Vasilios Siris, University of Crete, Greece Dirk Stähle, University of Wuerzburg, Germany Do van Thanh, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway Mari Carmen Aguayo Torres, University of Malaga, Spain Vassilis Tsoussidis, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece Jean-Frédéric Wagen, College of Engineering and Architecture of Fribourg, Switzer- land Table of Contents Impact of Feedback Channel Delay on Adaptive OFDMA Systems ...... 1 D. Morales-Jiménez, J.J. Sánchez, G. Gómez. M.C. Aguayo-Torres, J.T. Entrambasaguas Impact of the Variance of Call Duration on Teletraffic Performance in Cellular Networks ................................................. 11 A. Spedalieri, I. Martin-Escalona, F. Barceló-Arroyo Delivering Adaptive Scalable Video over the Wireless Internet .......... 23 P. Antoniou, V. Vassiliou, A. Pitsillides An Experimental Analysis of the Mobile IPv6 Handover Latency Components ...................................................... 35 V. Vassiliou, Z. Zinonos Cross-layer performance modeling of wireless channels ................. 47 D. Moltchanov Indoor location for safety applications using wireless networks .......... 59 F. Barceló-Arroyo, M. Ciurana, I. Watt, F. Evenou, L. De Nardis, P. Tome Improving Unsynchronized MAC Mechanisms in Wireless Sensor Networks 71 P. Hurni, T. Braun A Middleware Approach to Configure Security in WSN ................ 83 P. Langendoerfer, S. Peter, K. Piotrowski, R. Nunes, A. Casaca Context distribution using context aware flooding ..................... 95 K.Victor,J.Pauty,Y.Berbers Coordinating Context-aware Applications in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ... 107 J.-M.Jacquet,I.Linden Ubiquitous Sensing: A Prerequisite for Mobile Information Services ...... 119 M.J. O’Grady, G.M.P. O’Hare, N. Hristova, S. Keegan , C. Muldoon A Unified Authentication Solution for Mobile Services ................. 131 H. Holje, I. Jørstad, D. van Thanh Impact of Feedback Channel Delay on Adaptive OFDMA Systems D. Morales-Jim´enez, Juan J. S´anchez, G. G´omez. M. Carmen Aguayo-Torres, J. T. Entrambasaguas Departamento de Ingenier´ıa de Comunicaciones, Universidad de M´alaga, Spain, <morales,jjsanch,ggomez,aguayo,jtem>@ic.uma.es Abstract. Most standards for the forthcoming beyond 3G (B3G) and 4G technologies state Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) as a very promising candidate to be used as a digital modu- lation scheme. OFDMA combines multiple access techniques with Adap- tive Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (AQAM) to maximize system performance while keeping the errors below a certain target. In order to achieve this objective, Channel Quality Indicators (CQI) are fedback from the receivers. However, potential delays in the reception of such CQIs may lead to a system performance degradation. This paper an- alyzes the impact of CQI feedback delay over a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network. 1 Introduction Currently, the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is working on the evolution of the 3G Cellular Networks standardization process [1]. A collab- orative process that involves operators, manufacturers and research institutes is in progress to discuss views and proposals on the evolution of the Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN). LTE specifications are targeting to become a high-data-rate, low-latency and packet-optimized radio-access technol- ogy [2]. LTE multiple access in the downlink is based on Orthogonal Frequency- Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), which is a promising technique to provide an efficient access over high-speed wireless networks [3]. LTE will offer broad- band wireless access at data rates of multiple Mbit/s to the end-user and within a range of several kilometers. OFDMA at the physical layer, in combination with a Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, provides an optimized resource allocation and Quality of Service (QoS) support for different types of services. High spectral efficiency in OFDMA environments is achieved by dividing the total available bandwidth into narrow sub-bands to be shared by users in an efficient way. Besides, Adaptive Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (AQAM) is also used to maximize the transmission efficiency while keeping the Bit Error This work is partially supported by the Spanish Government and the European Union under project TIC2003-07819 (FEDER) and by the company AT4Wireless, S.A. 1 Rate (BER) below a desired target. These techniques require the transmitter to be instantaneously channel-aware so that proper modulation schemes and frequency sub-bands are selected dynamically. Thus, the transmitted signal is continuously adapted to the varying channel conditions. In order to select the modulation scheme for each subcarrier, the channel has to be known at the transmitter. With this objective, Channel Quality Indica- tors (CQI) are fedback from the receivers to the transmitter. However, potential delays in the reception of CQI through the feedback channel may cause a sys- tem performance degradation. Impairments in adaptation due to the delayed reception of CQI were analyzed in [4] for a generic AQAM system. Such delay is a further undesirable effect as mobile terminal speed increases (since chan- nel time-coherence is shorter). Currently, the possibility to concatenate multiple sub-frames into longer Transmission Time Interval (TTI) is being considered in LTE in order to reduce the signalling overhead. However, this would mean a longer delay in the modulation adaptation process. In this work, a model based on LTE specifications [2] has been implemented on top of WM-SIM [5] in order to evaluate the maximum admissible delay of feedback channel. The model allows to simulate the LTE downlink where CQI is fedback from each User Equipment (UE) to the Enhanced Node-B (eNodeB). The rest of the paper is structured as follows. In section 2 a brief description of the LTE is presented, focusing on both OFDMA and AQAM techniques and how CQI delays affect performance in
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