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Power to the People: How World Bank Financed Wind Farms Fail
Power to the people? How World Bank financed wind farms fail communities in Mexico November 2011 About the World Development Movement The World Development Movement (WDM) campaigns for a world without poverty and injustice. We work in solidarity with activists around the world to tackle the causes of poverty. We research and promote positive alternatives which put the rights of poor communities before the interests of the powerful. Our network of local groups keeps global justice on the agenda in towns and cities around the UK. World Development Movement 66 Offley Road, London SW9 0LS +44 20 7820 4900 • [email protected] www.wdm.org.uk By Oscar Reyes for the World Development Movement Cover photo - Leo Broers Power to the people? 2 How World Bank financed wind farms fail communities in Mexico Contents Executive summary ............................................................................................................4 What is the Clean Technology Fund?......................................................................................5 Wind energy and export led development in Oaxaca .................................................................6 Wind energy in Mexico.....................................................................................................7 Expanding the private sector ............................................................................................8 Wind power in the Isthmus...............................................................................................8 La Mata and La Ventosa -
Ecologics : Wind and Power in the Anthropocene / Cymene Howe
Ecologics This page intentionally left blank Ecologics Wind and Power in the Anthropocene Cymene Howe Duke University Press Durham and London 2019 © 2019 DUKE UNIVERSITY PRESS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMER I CA ON ACID- FREE PAPER ∞ DESIGNED BY COURTNEY LEIGH BAKER AND TYPESET IN MINION PRO AND FUTURA STANDARD BY WESTCHESTER PUBLISHING SER VICES Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Names: Howe, Cymene, author. Title: Ecologics : wind and power in the Anthropocene / Cymene Howe. Other titles: Wind and power in the Anthropocene Description: Durham : Duke University Press, 2019. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: lccn 2018050150 (print) lccn 2019000665 (ebook) isbn 9781478004400 (ebook) isbn 9781478003199 (hardcover : alk. paper) isbn 9781478003854 (pbk. : alk. paper) Subjects: lcsh: Wind power— Research— Mexico— Tehuantepec, Isthmus of. | Renewable energy sources— Mexico— Tehuantepec, Isthmus of. | Renewable energy sources— Political aspects. | Electric power production— Mexico— Tehuantepec, Isthmus of. | Energy industries— Mexico— Tehuantepec, Isthmus of. | Energy development— Political aspects. | Energy policy— International cooperation. | Geology, Stratigraphic— Anthropocene. Classification: lcc tj820 (ebook) | lcc tj820 .h69 2019 (print) | ddc 333.9/2097262— dc23 lc rec ord available at https:// lccn . loc . gov / 2018050150 Cover art: Bat falcon in flight. Photo © Juan Carlos Vindas / Getty Images. This title is freely available in an open access edition thanks to -
Make the Right Connections Photo: Roehle Gabriele
Make the right connections Photo: Roehle gabriele Event Guide EWEA Annual Event 14 - 17 March 2011, Brussels - Belgium Table of contents Conference ....................................................................................................... 4 - 44 Conference programme ....................................................................................... 4 Poster presentations ......................................................................................... 26 Belgian Day ...................................................................................................... 38 Workshops ....................................................................................................... 40 Side events ...................................................................................................... 42 Useful Information .......................................................................................... 46 - 52 Practical information ......................................................................................... 46 Relaxation area ................................................................................................. 49 Social events .................................................................................................... 50 Sustainability ................................................................................................... 52 Thank you ...................................................................................................... 54 - 61 Supporting organisations -
Contesting Energy Transitions: Wind Power and Conflicts in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec
Contesting energy transitions: Wind power and conflicts in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec Sofia Avila-Calero1 Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain Abstract This article studies the expansion of large-scale wind energy projects in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (Mexico) and local socio-environmental conflicts that have emerged in response. It explores how the neoliberal agenda in Mexico is shaping a specific way of implementing wind energy projects, and how this is leading to local resistance and production of alternatives. The article is based on a historical analysis reconstructing the main features of wind power development and pathways of struggle. By following a political ecology perspective, wind energy is seen as embedded in a wider frame of power relations and the uneven patterns of the Mexican economy. Struggles of indigenous groups are thus analyzed as the expression of peripheral communities against the enclosure of communal lands, the private appropriation of benefits and the lack of democratic procedures involved in these projects. The discussion emphasizes the role of communal identities and institutions in building successful networks, while introducing new concepts (energy sovereignty) and alternative schemes in wind power production (cooperatives). The overall approach of the article is that any move towards a different energy system should be politically encouraged by social and cultural means, rather than mainly economically motivated. Keywords: wind energy, neoliberalism, socio-environmental conflicts, energy sovereignty, cooperatives. Resúmen Este artículo estudia la expansión de mega-proyectos de energía eólica en el Istmo de Tehuantepec (México) y la consecuente emergencia de conflictos socio-ambientales en la región. El objetivo central del estudio reside en indagar la influencia de la agenda neoliberal en la implementación de estos proyectos, al tiempo que busca explorar la naturaleza de los conflictos y sus alternativas. -
IEA Wind Energy Annual Report 2000
IEAIEA WINDWIND ENERGYENERGY ANNUALANNUAL REPORTREPORT 20002000 International Energy Agency R&D Wind IEA Wind Energy Annual Report 2000 International Energy Agency (IEA) Executive Committee for the Implementing Agreement for Co-operation in the Research and Development of Wind Turbine Systems May 2001 National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 United States of America Cover Photo These reindeer live in the vicinity of wind turbines at the Härjedälen site in Sweden. Photo Credit: Gunnär Britse FOREWORD he twenty-third IEA Wind Energy Annual Report reviews the progress during 2000 Tof the activities in the Implementing Agreement for Co-operation in the Research and Development of Wind Turbine Systems under the auspices of the International Energy Agency (IEA). The agreement and its program, which is known as IEA R&D Wind, is a collaborative venture among 19 contracting parties from 17 IEA member countries and the European Commission. he IEA, founded in 1974 within the framework of the Organization for Economic TCo-operation and Development (OECD) to collaborate on comprehensive international energy programs, carries out a comprehensive program about energy among 24 of the 29 OECD member countries. his report is published by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in TColorado, United States, on behalf of the IEA R&D Wind Executive Committee. It is edited by P. Weis-Taylor with contributions from experts in participating organizations from Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Greece, Italy (two contracting par- ties), Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Jaap ´t Hooft Patricia Weis-Taylor Chair of the Secretary to the Executive Committee Executive Committee Web sites for additional information on IEA R&D Wind www.iea.org/techno/impagr/index.html www.afm.dtu.dk/wind/iea International Energy Agency iii CONTENTS Page I. -
Mexico and the Northern Countries Investment Opportunities on Renewable Energy Technologies
MEXICO AND THE NORTHERN COUNTRIES INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES ON RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES by DANIEL GUERRA DHEMING Company: ProMéxico Fco. Javier Sánchez Alejo, School Advisor Gabriela Cárdenas Hernández, Company Tutor A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in : Management and Engineering for Energy and Environment (ME3) ECOLE DES MINES DE NANTES (Nantes, France) KTH ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (Stockholm, Sweden) Academic Year 2011 – 2013 Submitted June 2012 Mexico and the Northern Countries Investment Daniel Guerra Dheming Opportunities on Renewable Energy Technologies ProMéxico ABSTRACT ProMéxico is the Mexican Government institution in charge of strengthening Mexico’s participation in the international economy by supporting trade, direct investment in Mexico and the internationalization of Mexican Companies abroad. Funded by the Mexican Ministry of Economy with direct collaboration with the Mexican Foreign Embassy’s, there are 27 offices around the world. ProMéxico Stockholm oversees both the Nordic Countries and the Baltic Regions. ProMéxico consulting services are mainly focused in promoting benefits and incentives of investment in Mexico, aiding in the decision-making with industry information, business plans, establishing Business-to-Business (B2B) partners, creating joint ventures, assessing in the soft-landing for establishing the company and finally reviewing the satisfaction as a after-care for future re- investments. According to the 2013–2027 National Energy Strategy published by the Federal Government Ministry of Energy, renewable energies are going to play a major role to achieve their main objectives: Energetic sustainability, environmental and energetic efficiency and Energy Security. Additionally national private companies have adopted renewable energy sources for either economic benefits or social-environmental awareness. -
The Conflict Surrounding Wind Power Projects in the Mexican Isthmus of Tehuantepec
Working Paper No. 3 November 2018 The conflict surrounding wind power projects in the Mexican Isthmus of Tehuantepec. Renewable energies and politics of scale By Rosa Lehmann Impressum Copyright for this text: Rosa Lehmann Editing: Janina Puder, Anne Tittor, Louise Wagner Proofreading and layout: Philip Koch All working papers are freely accessible under http://www.bioinequalities.uni-jena.de/Publikationen/Working+Papers.html Proposed style for citation Lehmann, Rosa (2018): »The conflict surrounding wind power projects in the Mexican Isthmus of Tehuantepec. Renewable energies and politics of scale«, Working Paper No. 3, Bioeconomy & Inequalities, Jena. URL: https://www.bioinequalities.uni- jena.de/sozbemedia/Neu/2018_11_19+Working+Paper+3-p-315.pdf Bioeconomy & Inequalities Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena Institute for Sociology BMBF Junior Research Group Bioeconomy and Inequalities Bachstraße 18k 07743 Jena, Germany T +49 | 36 41 | 9-4 50 56 F +49 | 36 41 | 9-4 50 52 [email protected] www.bioinequalities.uni-jena.de ISSN: 2566-8498 Rosa Lehmann The conflict surrounding wind power projects in the Mexican Isthmus of Tehuantepec. Renewable energies and politics of scale Abstract Großflächige Windenergieanlagen, wie sie seit einigen Jahren im Südosten Mexiko geplant und gebaut werden, sind hoch umstritten. Vor allem auf lokaler Ebene gibt es große Widerstände gegen diese Projekte transnationaler Unternehmen, die Strom für Kund_innen in anderen Regionen Mexikos erzeugen. Das Working Paper themati- siert die Hintergründe und wichtigsten Konfliktpunkte und fragt mit einer raumtheo- retischen Perspektive danach, warum und auf welchen Ebenen Akteure von den Windkraftanlagen profitieren oder nicht, welche multiskalaren Strategien die beteilig- ten Akteure verfolgen, um ihre Interessen durchzusetzen und auf welche Ressourcen sie dabei zurückgreifen können. -
Planning for the Renewable Future: Long-Term
PLANNING FOR THE RENEWABLE FUTURE LONG-TERM MODELLING AND TOOLS TO EXPAND VARIABLE RENEWABLE POWER IN EMERGING ECONOMIES Copyright © IRENA 2017 Unless otherwise stated, this publication and material featured herein are the property of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) and are subject to copyright by IRENA. Material in this publication may be freely used, shared, copied, reproduced, printed and/or stored, subject to proper attribution. Material in this publication attributed to third parties may be subject to third-party copyright and separate terms of use and restrictions, including restrictions in relation to any commercial use. ISBN 978-92-95111-05-9 (Print) ISBN 978-92-95111-06-6 (PDF) Citation: IRENA (2017), Planning for the Renewable Future: Long-term modelling and tools to expand variable renewable power in emerging economies, International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi. About IRENA The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) is an intergovernmental organisation that supports countries in their transition to a sustainable energy future and serves as the principal platform for international co-operation, a centre of excellence, and a repository of policy, technology, resource and financial knowledge on renewable energy. IRENA promotes the widespread adoption and sustainable use of all forms of renewable energy, including bioenergy, geothermal, hydropower, ocean, solar and wind energy in the pursuit of sustainable development, energy access, energy security and low-carbon economic growth and prosperity. Acknowledgements This report benefited from the reviews and comments of numerous experts, including: Doug Arent (US National Renewable Energy Laboratory—NREL), Jorge Asturias (Latin American Energy Organization—OLADE), Emna Bali (Tunisian Company of Electricity and Gas—STEG), Morgan D. -
US-Mexico Cooperation in Renewable Energies
Environment, Development and Growth: U.S.-Mexico Cooperation in Renewable Energies Duncan Wood Working Paper May 2010 Acknowledgements First, I would like to thank Andrew Selee, Director of the Mexico Institute at the WWICS, for his constant support in this and other projects on which we have collaborated. It is thanks to Andrew’s tireless devotion to the cause of advancing understanding of Mexico and US‐Mexico relations that the Mexico Institute is the leading organization in its field. A big “thank you” also goes out to Rob Donnelly and Katie Putnam for their help in this project. Second, my thanks to Sidney Weintraub and the Simon Chair at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) for hosting me during my time in Washington, for providing me with an office and administrative support, and for teaching me so much about political economy in the real world. Alaina Dyne of CSIS was also of great help and constant cheer. Third, I owe Joe Dukert a vote of thanks for his support in this project, for his suggestions on changes to the document and for introducing me to the Washington DC area energy policy community. Thanks also to Johanna Mendelson Forman for her interest and support in issues of renewable energy. Fourth, to my colleagues at the ITAM, Omar and Sergio Romero Hernandez, who have taught me so much about renewable energy and who have inspired me by their hard work and intelligence. Fifth, thanks to all the institutions and individuals who helped me with this publication, especially to Sandia Laboratories, to Andrea Lockwood and Rhiannon Davies at the Department of Energy, for their help with information include in this report, to the National Renewable Energy Laboratories, to Stirling Energy Systems and to Francisco M. -
Blueprint for Renewable Power
SECTION FIVE BLUEPRINT FOR RENEWABLE POWER Blueprint for Renewable Power | Section 5 197 Renewable Power everywhere, due to their high up-front costs, are significantly exacerbated by a general lack of domestic 5.1 Introduction sources of long-term debt in most countries in the region. In some countries, including Argentina and Rising costs for fossil fuels, growing energy security Ecuador, renewable power development has been concerns, and the persistent gaps in electricity service hamstrung by political risks that have crippled the entire provision in rural areas throughout LAC call for the power sector, and in others, such as Mexico, it has been targeted and strategic expansion of renewable power slowed by regulatory barriers. technologies throughout the region. In addition to these powerful drivers and the evident need, the region’s While the renewables sector has yet to establish a strong abundant wind, solar, geothermal, and small hydro legal and regulatory foundation, there have been resources offer a clear opportunity for the region to successes in the region. Brazil has led the region in match the explosive growth that the sector has small hydro as well as wind power development, thanks experienced elsewhere around the world. Renewable to its PROINFA program, a feed-in tariff policy that power technologies can truly transform the region, stands as the most effective policy for renewable power offering an escape from the electricity supply crises that development in LAC, as well as the availability of low- have frequently disrupted economic development in past interest loans from the Brazilian National Social and decades as well as a means to achieve important social Economic Development Bank (BNDES). -
Financing Plan (In Us$)
REQUEST FOR CEO ENDORSEMENT/APPROVAL PROJECT TYPE: Full-sized Project THE GEF TRUST FUND Re-Submission Date: October 26th, 2011 PART I: PROJECT INFORMATION Expected Calendar (mm/dd/yy) GEFSEC PROJECT ID: 4132 Milestones Dates GEF AGENCY PROJECT ID: ME-X1011 Work Program (for FSPs only) Sep 2009 COUNTRY(IES): Mexico Agency Approval date Dec 2011 PROJECT TITLE: Promotion and Development of Local Wind Technologies in Mexico Implementation Start Mar 2012 GEF AGENCY(IES): IDB Mid-term Evaluation (if planned) Mar 2013 OTHER EXECUTING PARTNER(S): Electrical Research Institute Project Closing Date Mar 2015 (IIE) GEF FOCAL AREA(s): Climate Change GEF-4 STRATEGIC PROGRAM(s): CC-SP3 NAME OF PARENT PROGRAM/UMBRELLA PROJECT: Strategic Program on Technology Transfer A. PROJECT FRAMEWORK Project Objective: The general objective of the project is to include Mexico as a key player in the world's wind energy market, expanding its wind generation capacity by enabling local development and implementation of wind turbines technologies particularly for distributed generation. The specific objectives are to: i) consolidate the human capacities and skills required for the design of state of the art wind turbines for distributed generation; ii) structure a value chain for the production of goods and services at the national level in the wind energy sector and consolidate the capabilities for manufacturing and assembling wind turbines for distributed generation; iii) consolidate the technical capabilities for the operation, testing and certification of wind turbines for distributed generation with a high component of national technology; and iv) support the development of a 1.2 MW Class 1A wind turbine for distributed generation and provide capacity building to promote wind power application through distributed generation by Small Power Producers (SPPs). -
Contesting Energy Transitions: Wind Power and Conflicts in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec
Contesting energy transitions: wind power and conflicts in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec Sofia Avila-Calero1 Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain Abstract This article studies the expansion of large-scale wind energy projects on the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (Mexico) and local socio-environmental conflicts that have emerged in response. It explores how the neoliberal agenda in Mexico is shaping a specific way of implementing wind energy projects, and how this is leading to local resistance and the production of alternatives. The article is based on a historical analysis reconstructing the main features of wind power development, and pathways of struggle. By following a political ecology perspective, wind energy is seen as embedded in a wider frame of power relations and the uneven patterns of the Mexican economy. The struggles of indigenous groups are thus analyzed as the expression of peripheral communities against the enclosure of communal lands, the private appropriation of benefits, and the lack of democratic procedures involved in these projects. The discussion emphasizes the role of communal identities and institutions in building successful networks, while introducing new concepts (energy sovereignty) and alternative schemes in wind power production (cooperatives). The overall approach of the article is that any move towards a different energy system should be politically encouraged by social and cultural means, rather than be largely economically motivated. Keywords: wind energy, neoliberalism, socio-environmental conflicts, energy sovereignty, cooperatives, Tehuantepec Résumé Cet article interroge l'expansion des projets d'énergie éolienne à grande échelle sur l'isthme de Tehuantepec (Mexique) et les conflits socio-environnementaux locaux qui ont émergé en réponse.