DOCSLIB.ORG

Open D Lunt Dissertation.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Open D Lunt Dissertation.Pdf The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of the Liberal Arts ATHLETES, HEROES, AND THE QUEST FOR IMMORTALITY IN ANCIENT GREECE A Dissertation in History by David J. Lunt © 2010 David J. Lunt Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2010 The dissertation of David J. Lunt was reviewed and approved* by the following: Mark Munn Professor of Ancient Greek History and Greek Archaeology Dissertation Advisor Chair of Committee Paul B. Harvey Associate Professor of Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies, History, Religious Studies, and Jewish Studies Stephen Wheeler Associate Professor of Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies Mark Dyreson Associate Professor of Kinesiology Carol Reardon Director of Graduate Studies in History Professor of Military History *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School ii ABSTRACT Victory in an athletic contest in ancient Greece, especially in a prestigious panhellenic festival, brought great status and acclaim to the athlete. Moreover, extraordinary victories by exceptional athletes brought superhuman status, a condition comparable to that of the mythic heroes. Ancient Greek myth emphasized the athletic nature of many heroic figures, imparting to them excellence in contests as well as achievements in battle or other endeavors. This athletic component of a hero’s identity allowed for ready comparisons between the accomplishments of the ancient heroes and the achievements of historical athletes. Consequently, a few extremely successful athletes during Greece’s Archaic and Classical periods received posthumous heroic cults. The accoutrements of victory, such as the victory crown, the epinician ode, and the victory statue likened the victor to the immortal heroes. In addition, the spatial organization of the panhellenic sanctuaries, as well as other athletic fields, closely connected the world of the living athletes with the accomplishments of the deceased heroes. Finally, the importance of founding and sponsoring athletic competitions, especially significant for the tyrants of the Archaic period, provided a means for powerful and wealthy rulers to associate themselves with the victory of athletic contests with no risk of defeat. The athletic heroes are generally limited to a period in the late Archaic and early Classical periods, when large portions of ancient Greece were struggling with social and political upheaval. As glorified individuals, athletic victors embodied the ideals of the aristocratic elite but also could impart their kudos and kleos to communities as civic iii heroes. The power of victory and its ability to justify and legitimize political power was not lost on the aristocratic and non-aristocratic forces in ancient Greece, and each side vied to capitalize on the immense power of prestigious kleos. Despite these social and political rivalries, powerful and successful athletes sought their own heroic honors through their individual quests for kleos and immortality. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................. viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................. ix PREFACE ................................................................................................................................ x ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................................... xi Chapter 1 Athletes, Heroes, and Immortality ......................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 The Research Questions ............................................................................................. 3 1.3 Organization ............................................................................................................... 9 Chapter 2 The Athletic Hero: the paradigms for seeking immortality .................................... 14 2.1. Ancient Greek Heroes and Hero Cults ...................................................................... 14 2.1.1 Ancient Conceptions of the Hero .................................................................... 16 2.1.2 Modern Treatments of the Greek Hero ........................................................... 18 2.2 Heroes, Victory, and Athletics ................................................................................... 23 2.3 Athletic Competition and the Homeric Heroes .......................................................... 25 2.4 Theseus....................................................................................................................... 28 2.5 The Dioscuri ............................................................................................................... 32 2.6 Heracles the athlete .................................................................................................... 35 2.6.1 The “athletic” labors of Heracles .................................................................... 39 2.7 Completion of Labors to Win Immortality ................................................................ 41 2.7.1 Cupid and Psyche: a model for females .......................................................... 47 2.7.2 Going too far: the myth of Bellerophon .......................................................... 49 2.8 Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 53 Chapter 3 The Heroic Athletes ............................................................................................... 55 3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 55 3.2 Modern Discussion of the Hero-athletes .................................................................... 56 3.3 Victory, Kudos, and the Heroic Paradigm ................................................................. 64 3.4 The Heroic Athletes ................................................................................................... 66 3.4.1 Milo of Croton and the athlete in battle .......................................................... 68 3.4.2 Dioxippus of Athens ........................................................................................ 70 3.4.3 Polydamas of Scotussa .................................................................................... 72 3.4.4 Euthymos of Western Locri ............................................................................ 73 3.4.5 Theagenes of Thasos ....................................................................................... 76 3.4.6 Cleomedes of Astypalaea ................................................................................ 80 3.5 Conclusions ................................................................................................................ 82 v Chapter 4 The Tokens of Athletic Victory .............................................................................. 86 4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 86 4.2 The Importance of Kleos ............................................................................................ 87 4.3 Commemoration in Verse .......................................................................................... 89 4.4 The Victory Statue ..................................................................................................... 100 4.5 The Victory Crown .................................................................................................... 111 4.6 Prizes at Athens: Panathenaic Amphoras ................................................................... 114 4.7 Tripods ....................................................................................................................... 120 4.8 The Victory Palm ....................................................................................................... 121 4.9 Other Tokens of Athletic Victory .............................................................................. 122 4.10 Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 123 Chapter 5 Games for the Living and Games for the Dead: Tombs, Hero Cult, and the Competitive Sites ............................................................................................................. 125 5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 125 5.2 The Homeric Model ................................................................................................... 127 5.3 The Panhellenic Festival Sites: Olympia, Isthmia, Nemea, Delphi ........................... 129 5.3.1 Olympia ........................................................................................................... 129 5.3.2 Isthmia ............................................................................................................. 142 5.3.3 Nemea ............................................................................................................. 152 5.3.4 Delphi .............................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Greek Art in Motion Studies in Honour of Sir John Boardman ​On the Occasion of His 90Th Birthday
    Greek Art in Motion Studies in honour of Sir John Boardman on the occasion of his 90th birthday edited by Rui Morais, Delfim Leão, Diana Rodríguez Pérez with Daniela Ferreira Archaeopress Archaeology © Archaeopress and the authors, 2019. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd Summertown Pavilion 18-24 Middle Way Summertown Oxford OX2 7LG www.archaeopress.com ISBN 978 1 78969 023 1 ISBN 978 1 78969 024 8 (e-Pdf) © Archaeopress and the individual authors 2019 Cover: Head of Alexander in profile. Tourmaline intaglio, 25 x 25 mm, Ashmolean (1892.1499) G.J. Chester Bequest. Photo: C. Wagner. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owners. Printed in England by Oxuniprint, Oxford This book is available direct from Archaeopress or from our website www.archaeopress.com © Archaeopress and the authors, 2019. Contents Preface ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������1 John Boardman and Greek Sculpture �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������3 Olga Palagia Sanctuaries and the Hellenistic Polis: An Architectural Approach �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������14 Milena Melfi ‘Even the fragments, however, merit scrutiny’: Ancient
    [Show full text]
  • Athletics in Ancient Greece and Modern America Jensen Grey Kolaczko Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH
    Xavier University Exhibit Honors Bachelor of Arts Undergraduate 2013-03-21 Lift, Eat, Compete: Athletics in Ancient Greece and Modern America Jensen Grey Kolaczko Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH Follow this and additional works at: http://www.exhibit.xavier.edu/hab Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, Ancient Philosophy Commons, Classical Archaeology and Art History Commons, Classical Literature and Philology Commons, and the Other Classics Commons Recommended Citation Kolaczko, Jensen Grey, "Lift, Eat, Compete: Athletics in Ancient Greece and Modern America" (2013). Honors Bachelor of Arts. 29. http://www.exhibit.xavier.edu/hab/29 This Capstone/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Undergraduate at Exhibit. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Bachelor of Arts by an authorized administrator of Exhibit. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Jensen Kolaczko Lift, Eat, Compete: Athletics in Ancient Greece and Modern America Honors Bachelor of Arts Thesis March 21, 2013 Director: Dr. Shannon Byrne Readers: Dr. Rebecca Muich and Mr. Michael Mulcahey Précis Athletics was an integral part in the education, mentality, and values of the Ancient Greeks. Today, athletics likewise holds an important role in our society. Similarities can be seen in the preparation of ancient and modern athletes as well as the attitudes and motivations surrounding athletics. These similarities illustrate that athletics serves an underlying function in ancient Greece as it does today: to both provide a stage to show self-excellence and a release to dispel pent up human emotions. 2 Introduction “One More Rep! Push! Harder! Faster! Stronger!” These words are well known to any athlete preparing for competition.
    [Show full text]
  • Between the Cults of Syria and Arabia: Traces of Pagan Religion at Umm Al-Jimål
    !"#$%&"%'#(")*%+!"$,""-%$."%/01$)%23%45#(6%6-&%7#68(69%:#6;")%23%<6=6-%>"1(=(2-%6$% % ?@@%61AB(@61*C%!"#$%&'(%)("*&(+%'",-.(/)$(0-1*/&,2,3.(,4(5,-$/)(6D%7@@6-9% % E"F6#$@"-$%23%7-$(G0($(")%23%B2#&6-%HIJJKL9%MNNAMKMD% Bert de Vries Bert de Vries Department of History Calvin College Grand Rapids, MI 49546 U.S.A. Between the Cults of Syria and Arabia: Traces of Pagan Religion at Umm al-Jimål Introduction Such a human construction of religion as a so- Umm al-Jimål ’s location in the southern Hauran cial mechanism to achieve security does not pre- puts it at the intersection of the cultures of Arabia to clude the possibility that a religion may be based the south and Syria to the north. While its political on theological eternal verities (Berger 1969: 180- geography places it in the Nabataean and Roman 181). However, it does open up the possibility of an realms of Arabia, its cultural geography locates it archaeology of religion that transcends the custom- in the Hauran, linked to the northern Hauran. Seen ary descriptions of cult centers and cataloguing of on a more economic cultural axis, Umm al-Jimål altars, statues, implements and decorative elements. is between Syria as Bilåd ash-Shåm, the region of That is, it presupposes the possibility of a larger agricultural communities, and the Badiya, the re- interpretive context for these “traces” of religion gion of pastoral nomad encampments. Life of soci- using the methodology of cognitive archaeology. ety on these intersecting axes brought a rich variety The term “traces” is meant in the technical sense of economic, political and religious cross-currents of Assmann’s theory of memory (2002: 6-11).
    [Show full text]
  • Ancient History Sourcebook: 11Th Brittanica: Sparta SPARTA an Ancient City in Greece, the Capital of Laconia and the Most Powerful State of the Peloponnese
    Ancient History Sourcebook: 11th Brittanica: Sparta SPARTA AN ancient city in Greece, the capital of Laconia and the most powerful state of the Peloponnese. The city lay at the northern end of the central Laconian plain, on the right bank of the river Eurotas, a little south of the point where it is joined by its largest tributary, the Oenus (mount Kelefina). The site is admirably fitted by nature to guard the only routes by which an army can penetrate Laconia from the land side, the Oenus and Eurotas valleys leading from Arcadia, its northern neighbour, and the Langada Pass over Mt Taygetus connecting Laconia and Messenia. At the same time its distance from the sea-Sparta is 27 m. from its seaport, Gythium, made it invulnerable to a maritime attack. I.-HISTORY Prehistoric Period.-Tradition relates that Sparta was founded by Lacedaemon, son of Zeus and Taygete, who called the city after the name of his wife, the daughter of Eurotas. But Amyclae and Therapne (Therapnae) seem to have been in early times of greater importance than Sparta, the former a Minyan foundation a few miles to the south of Sparta, the latter probably the Achaean capital of Laconia and the seat of Menelaus, Agamemnon's younger brother. Eighty years after the Trojan War, according to the traditional chronology, the Dorian migration took place. A band of Dorians united with a body of Aetolians to cross the Corinthian Gulf and invade the Peloponnese from the northwest. The Aetolians settled in Elis, the Dorians pushed up to the headwaters of the Alpheus, where they divided into two forces, one of which under Cresphontes invaded and later subdued Messenia, while the other, led by Aristodemus or, according to another version, by his twin sons Eurysthenes and Procles, made its way down the Eurotas were new settlements were formed and gained Sparta, which became the Dorian capital of Laconia.
    [Show full text]
  • Because of the Number of Articles Contained in This Work and Because They Span Both the Greek and Roman Worlds, We Ha
    INDEX Nota Bene: Because of the number of articles contained in this work and because they span both the Greek and Roman worlds, we have made no effort to stan­ dardize the spelling of transliterated Greek names from one article to the next. Therefore we advise you to check under variant spellings as you seek something from this index. Ab-ad-Dud: 375 Alexander the Great: 304 n. 11, Abdera: 189, 2ll 307-8, 314 Abu Simbel: 239 Alexandra (Kassandra): 131-51 Abydos: 240 Alexandre (Amazonian): 137 Academy: 292 n. 34, 296-7 Alexandria (Egypt): 238 n. 27, 350 n. 44 Achaea: 118, 125, 137 n. 39 Alexandros (Hera): 136 n. 35 Achaemenes/ Achaemenids: 36, 30 l-14 Alexandros (Paris): 136 Achilles: 232 Alexida: 136 n. 32 Actium, Batde of: 102, 339-55 Allienoi: 235 Adeimantus: 38 n. 15 Allies, Greek, see 'Xenos' Aegean Sea: 187, 239, 241 Allies, Roman, see 'Foederatei' Aegina/Aeginetans: 35, 37, 39, 257, 307 Allotment: 197, 207, 215 Aegospotami: 324 al-Mgawga: 375 Aelius Tubero, Q: 99-102 Altar: 198, 204, 206, 261 Aeolians: 273 n. 5 Amaklaios (Apollo): 139 Aequians: II 0 Amasis: 238 Aeschylus: 34 n. 4, 293 Amazons: 137, 232 Mrica Proconsularis: 120 n. 28 Ambracian Gulf: 350 Agamemnon (hero): 131, 133-5, Amisos: 190 140-5, 148-51, 232 Amoibichos: 240 Agamemnon (Zeus): 135 n. 23 Amompharetus: 44 Agesilaus: 259, 293 n. 36, 301 Ampe: 182, 184 Agis: 285-6, 288-90, 294-5, 297-8 Amphiaraos: 136 n. 32 Agora: 120, 198, 200, 202-3 Amphictyonic League: 125 Agrippa, see 'Vipsanius' Amphinnes: 238 Agrippa Menenius: I 02 Amphipolis: 208, 293 Aigisthos: 147 n.
    [Show full text]
  • The Tyrannies in the Greek Cities of Sicily: 505-466 Bc
    THE TYRANNIES IN THE GREEK CITIES OF SICILY: 505-466 BC MICHAEL JOHN GRIFFIN Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds School of Classics September 2005 The candidate confirms that the work submitted is his own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Firstly, I would like to thank the Thomas and Elizabeth Williams Scholarship Fund (Loughor Schools District) for their financial assistance over the course of my studies. Their support has been crucial to my being able to complete this degree course. As for academic support, grateful thanks must go above all to my supervisor at the School of Classics, Dr. Roger Brock, whose vast knowledge has made a massive contribution not only to this thesis, but also towards my own development as an academic. I would also like to thank all other staff, both academic and clerical, during my time in the School of Classics for their help and support. Other individuals I would like to thank are Dr. Liam Dalton, Mr. Adrian Furse and Dr. Eleanor OKell, for all their input and assistance with my thesis throughout my four years in Leeds. Thanks also go to all the other various friends and acquaintances, both in Leeds and elsewhere, in particular the many postgraduate students who have given their support on a personal level as well as academically.
    [Show full text]
  • Transcript of “The Greeks: Crucible of Civilization” Episode One: “The Birth of Democracy”
    Transcript of “The Greeks: Crucible of Civilization” Episode One: “The Birth of Democracy” Transcript of PBS Video - The Greeks: Crucible of Civilization Part 1 – The Birth of Democracy 0:00 – Series Introduction: The Significance of the Greeks The Greeks. A people glorious and arrogant, valiant and headstrong. These were the men and women who laid the very foundations of Western Civilization. Their monuments still recall perhaps the most extraordinary two centuries in history, a time that saw the birth of science and politics, philosophy, literature and drama. [A time that] saw the creation of art and architecture we still strive to equal. And the Greeks achieved all this against a backdrop of war and conflict, for they would vanquish armies, navies, and empires many times their size, and build an empire of their own which stretched across the Mediterranean. For one brief moment, the mighty warships of the Greeks ruled the seas, their prosperity unequalled. These achievements, achievements which still shape our world, were made not by figures lost to time, but by men and women whose voices we can still hear, whose lives we can follow, men such as Themistocles, one of the world’s greatest military generals; Pericles, a politician of vision and genius; and Socrates, the most famous philosopher in history. This is the story of these astonishing individuals, of the rise and fall of a civilization that changed the world. 2:35 – Episode Introduction: The Revolution 508 BC. Five centuries before the birth of Christ. In a town called Athens, a tiny city in mainland Greece, pandemonium ruled the streets.
    [Show full text]
  • All of a Sudden: the Role of Ἐξαίφνης in Plato's Dialogues
    Duquesne University Duquesne Scholarship Collection Electronic Theses and Dissertations Spring 1-1-2014 All of a Sudden: The Role of Ἐξαιφ́ νης in Plato's Dialogues Joseph J. Cimakasky Follow this and additional works at: https://dsc.duq.edu/etd Recommended Citation Cimakasky, J. (2014). All of a Sudden: The Role of Ἐξαιφ́ νης in Plato's Dialogues (Doctoral dissertation, Duquesne University). Retrieved from https://dsc.duq.edu/etd/68 This Worldwide Access is brought to you for free and open access by Duquesne Scholarship Collection. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Duquesne Scholarship Collection. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ALL OF A SUDDEN: THE ROLE OF ἘΧΑΙΦΝΗΣ IN PLATO’S DIALOGUES A Dissertation Submitted to the McAnulty College and Graduate School of Liberal Arts Duquesne University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy By Joseph Cimakasky May 2014 Copyright by Joseph Cimakasky 2014 ALL OF A SUDDEN: THE ROLE OF ἘΧΑΙΦΝΗΣ IN PLATO’S DIALOGUES By Joseph Cimakasky Approved April 9, 2014 ________________________________ ________________________________ Ronald Polansky Patrick Lee Miller Professor of Philosophy Professor of Philosophy (Committee Chair) (Committee Member) ________________________________ John W. McGinley Professor of Philosophy (Committee Member) ________________________________ ________________________________ James Swindal Ronald Polansky Dean, McAnulty College Chair, Philosophy Department Professor of Philosophy Professor of Philosophy iii ABSTRACT ALL OF A SUDDEN: THE ROLE OF ἘΧΑΙΦΝΗΣ IN PLATO’S DIALOGUES By Joseph Cimakasky May 2014 Dissertation supervised by Professor Ronald Polansky There are thirty-six appearances of the Greek word ἐξαίφνης in Plato’s dialogues.
    [Show full text]
  • V.S. Lectures. No. 68 APOLLONIUS RHODIUS and VIRGIL a Lecture
    V.S. Lectures. No. 68 APOLLONIUS RHODIUS AND VIRGIL A lecture delivered to the Virgil Society 24th October 1964 by J. D. M. Preshous, M.A. The propositions that I wish to examine are first, that Virgil in creating his own poetic image very often fused together a number of his sources into what is sometimes a most intricate pattern, and secondly, that among these sources, Apollonius Rhodius was often prominent. Most of the accepted facts of Virgil’s youth and upbringing are to be found in the Vitae Vergilianae, short biographies written by post-classical authors. Of these the most important is that which was for a long time attributed to Donatus but which is now more generally ascribed to Suetonius. The other two Lives - those by Servius and by Valerius Probus (the latter no more than a brief preface) - seem to draw largely for their material upon Suetonius, A few passages only are relevant to a study of Virgil's method of composition. To begin with, Suetonius records that Virgil’s poetry required considerable time for its completion (Life of Virgil, 25): Bucolica trienno, Georgica septem, Aeneidea undecim perfecit annis. This is further emphasised later (22): cum Georgica scriberet, traditur cotidie meditatos mane plurimos versus dictare solitus, ac per totum diem retractando ad paucissimos redigere, non absurde carmen se ursae more parere dicens et lambendo demum effingere... "When he was writing the Georgies, he is said to have been in the habit of writing daily a very large number of verses, thought out early in the morning, and throughout the day of reducing these to a very few by a process of reshaping; saying, not inappropriately, that he produced a poem as a bear her cub and licked it at last into shape..." This is very important.
    [Show full text]
  • Xenophon's Life and Times: Some Important Dates
    Xenophon Anabasis Xenophon’s Life and Times: Some Important Dates BC 431 Outbreak of Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta 430 – 425 Birth of Xenophon (in Athens) 423 Birth of Cyrus the Younger 413 Destruction of the Athenian expedition to Sicily 411 – 410 Athenian democracy overthrown, and oligarchic rule imposed (The 400) 410 Democracy restored at Athens 407 Cyrus becomes viceroy of Asia Minor 406 Athenian victory at the Battle of Arginusae, and the subsequent trial of the generals. 405 Artaxerxes II (elder brother of Cyrus) succeeds to the throne of Persia The Athenian fleet is destroyed by Lysander at Aegospotami 404 Athens surrenders to Sparta The Thirty Tyrants are established at Athens Xenophon serves in their cavalry (?) 401 Xenophon joins the expedition of Cyrus the Younger who is defeated at the Battle of Cunaxa (near Babylon) Xenophon becomes a general and the Ten Thousand begin their retreat 400 The Ten Thousand reach the Black Sea, and continue their retreat to Byzantium Agesilaus becomes one of Sparta’s two kings 400 – 399 Xenophon and the Ten Thousand with Seuthes in Thrace 399 Xenophon brings the remnant of the Ten Thousand to join the Spartan Thibron in Asia Minor Socrates is tried and executed in Athens 399 – 394 Xenophon serves under the Spartans in Asia Minor 395 Outbreak of the Corinthian War: Athens, Corinth and Thebes in coalition against Sparta 394 Agesilaus is recalled from Asia Minor to Greece; Xenophon accompanies him Xenophon fights with Sparta at Coronea; he is formally exiled from Athens (if not already
    [Show full text]
  • Slaves, Sex, and Transgression in Greek Old Comedy
    Slaves, Sex, and Transgression in Greek Old Comedy By Daniel Christopher Walin A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Classics in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Mark Griffith, Chair Professor Donald J. Mastronarde Professor Kathleen McCarthy Professor Emily Mackil Spring 2012 1 Abstract Slaves, Sex, and Transgression in Greek Old Comedy by Daniel Christopher Walin Doctor of Philosophy in Classics University of California, Berkeley Professor Mark Griffith, Chair This dissertation examines the often surprising role of the slave characters of Greek Old Comedy in sexual humor, building on work I began in my 2009 Classical Quarterly article ("An Aristophanic Slave: Peace 819–1126"). The slave characters of New and Roman comedy have long been the subject of productive scholarly interest; slave characters in Old Comedy, by contrast, have received relatively little attention (the sole extensive study being Stefanis 1980). Yet a closer look at the ancestors of the later, more familiar comic slaves offers new perspectives on Greek attitudes toward sex and social status, as well as what an Athenian audience expected from and enjoyed in Old Comedy. Moreover, my arguments about how to read several passages involving slave characters, if accepted, will have larger implications for our interpretation of individual plays. The first chapter sets the stage for the discussion of "sexually presumptive" slave characters by treating the idea of sexual relations between slaves and free women in Greek literature generally and Old Comedy in particular. I first examine the various (non-comic) treatments of this theme in Greek historiography, then its exploitation for comic effect in the fifth mimiamb of Herodas and in Machon's Chreiai.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyrighted Material
    9781405129992_6_ind.qxd 16/06/2009 12:11 Page 203 Index Acanthus, 130 Aetolian League, 162, 163, 166, Acarnanians, 137 178, 179 Achaea/Achaean(s), 31–2, 79, 123, Agamemnon, 51 160, 177 Agasicles (king of Sparta), 95 Achaean League: Agis IV and, agathoergoi, 174 166; as ally of Rome, 178–9; Age grades: see names of individual Cleomenes III and, 175; invasion grades of Laconia by, 177; Nabis and, Agesilaus (ephor), 166 178; as protector of perioecic Agesilaus II (king of Sparta), cities, 179; Sparta’s membership 135–47; at battle of Mantinea in, 15, 111, 179, 181–2 (362 B.C.E.), 146; campaign of, in Achaean War, 182 Asia Minor, 132–3, 136; capture acropolis, 130, 187–8, 192, 193, of Phlius by, 138; citizen training 194; see also Athena Chalcioecus, system and, 135; conspiracies sanctuary of after battle of Leuctra and, 144–5, Acrotatus (king of Sparta), 163, 158; conspiracy of Cinadon 164 and, 135–6; death of, 147; Acrotatus, 161 Epaminondas and, 142–3; Actium, battle of, 184 execution of women by, 168; Aegaleus, Mount, 65 foreign policy of, 132, 139–40, Aegiae (Laconian), 91 146–7; gift of, 101; helots and, Aegimius, 22 84; in Boeotia, 141; in Thessaly, Aegina (island)/Aeginetans: Delian 136; influence of, at Sparta, 142; League and,COPYRIGHTED 117; Lysander and, lameness MATERIAL of, 135; lance of, 189; 127, 129; pro-Persian party on, Life of, by Plutarch, 17; Lysander 59, 60; refugees from, 89 and, 12, 132–3; as mercenary, Aegospotami, battle of, 128, 130 146, 147; Phoebidas affair and, Aeimnestos, 69 102, 139; Spartan politics and, Aeolians,
    [Show full text]