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Európai Kosborfélék (Orchidaceae) És Látonyafélék (Elatinaceae) Kutatása: Taxonómiai És Ökológiai Esettanulmányok

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Európai Kosborfélék (Orchidaceae) És Látonyafélék (Elatinaceae) Kutatása: Taxonómiai És Ökológiai Esettanulmányok dc_691_13 MTA Doktori pályázat Doktori Értekezés Európai kosborfélék (Orchidaceae) és látonyafélék (Elatinaceae) kutatása: taxonómiai és ökológiai esettanulmányok Molnár V. Attila Debrecen, 2013 dc_691_13 TARTALOMJEGYZÉK 1. Előszó ................................................................................................................................... 4 2. Az értekezés felépítése ..................................................................................................... 7 3. A Magyarországi Orchideák Herbáriumi Adatbázisa ................................................ 9 3.1. Bevezetés .............................................................................................................. 9 3.2. Anyag és módszer .............................................................................................. 9 3.3. Eredmények és értékelésük .............................................................................. 10 3.3.1. A gyűjtés időbeli intenzitása .................................................................. 11 3.3.2. A gyűjtés területi megoszlása ................................................................ 13 3.3.3. A gyűjtők ................................................................................................14 3.3.4. Taxonok .................................................................................................. 15 3.3.5. A taxonok azonosításának nehézségei .................................................... 19 4. A magyarországi orchideák klímaválasza ...................................................................22 4.1. Bevezetés ............................................................................................................. 22 4.2. Anyag és módszer ............................................................................................. 25 4.2.1. Meteorológiai adatok ............................................................................. 25 4.2.2. Filogenetikai-fa rekonstrukció ............................................................... 26 4.2.3. Fenológiai adatok .................................................................................. 27 4.2.4. Életmenet-jellemzők .............................................................................. 28 4.2.5. Statisztikai elemzések ............................................................................ 29 4.3. Eredmények ........................................................................................................ 30 4.3.1. Klimatikus trendek ................................................................................ 30 4.3.2. A virágzási idő történeti változása ....................................................... 31 4.3.3. Járulékos elemzések ............................................................................... 35 4.4. Diszkusszió ......................................................................................................... 36 5. A mediterrán Ophrys bertolonii megjelenése Magyarországon ............................. 37 5.1. Bevezetés ............................................................................................................. 37 5.2. Anyag és módszer ............................................................................................. 37 5.3. Eredmények és értékelésük ............................................................................. 38 6. A Magyarországon korábban Himantoglossum caprinum-ként számontartott sallang-virág valójában leíratlan faj ( Himantoglossum jankae ) ..................... 42 6.1. Bevezetés ............................................................................................................ 42 6.2. Anyag és módszer ............................................................................................... 43 6.3. Eredmények és értékelésük ................................................................................ 45 7. nrITS szekvenciaváltozatok, mint a hibridizáció bizonyítékai az Ophrys nemzetségben ........................................................................................................... 52 7.1. Bevezetés ............................................................................................................ 52 7.2. Anyag és módszer ............................................................................................. 55 7.3. Eredmények és értékelésük ............................................................................. 57 2 dc_691_13 8. Az Ophrys kotschyi filogenetikai vizsgálata - konvergens evolúció az Ophrys nemzetségben ........................................................................................................... 60 8.1. Bevezetés ............................................................................................................ 60 8.2. Anyag és módszer ............................................................................................. 63 8.3. Eredmények ....................................................................................................... 66 8.4. Diszkusszió ........................................................................................................ 69 9. Az Elatine hungarica tipizálása és magmorfológiája ................................................ 71 9.1. Bevezetés ............................................................................................................ 71 9.2. Anyag és módszer ............................................................................................. 72 9.3. Eredmények és értékelésük ............................................................................. 73 9.3.1. Lektotipizális ........................................................................................ 73 9.3.1. Magmorfológia ..................................................................................... 74 10. Az Elatine hungarica elterjedése a Pannon biogeográfiai régióban .................... 77 10.1. Bevezetés ........................................................................................................... 77 10.2. Anyag és módszer ............................................................................................ 78 10.2.1. Vizsgált terület .................................................................................. 78 10.2.2. A faj elterjedési adatai ......................................................................... 78 10.2.3. Környezeti adatok ............................................................................... 79 10.2.4. Adatelemzés ........................................................................................ 79 10.3. Eredmények ..................................................................................................... 80 10.4. Diszkusszió ....................................................................................................... 86 11.. Az Elatine gussonei új előfordulása Szicíliában ..................................................... 91 11.1. Bevezetés ........................................................................................................... 91 11.2. Anyag és módszer ........................................................................................... 92 11.3. Eredmények és értékelésük ........................................................................... 94 11.3.1. Az újonnan megtalált lelőhelyek ......................................................... 94 11.3.2. Genetikai azonosítás ............................................................................ 98 12. Kontinentális időszakos tavak vegetációjának természetvédelmi értéke ........ 100 12.1. Bevezetés ........................................................................................................ 100 12.2. Anyag és módszer ......................................................................................... 103 12.2.1. A vizsgált terület ............................................................................... 103 12.2.2. Adatgyűjtés és elemzés ...................................................................... 104 12.3. Eredmények ................................................................................................... 105 12.3.1. Élőhely-jellemzés ............................................................................... 105 12.3.2. Élőhelytípusok ................................................................................... 106 12.3.2. Diverzitás partícionálás .................................................................... 110 12.4. Diszkusszió ..................................................................................................... 112 12.4.1. Az időszakos tavacskák növényfajainak diverzitása és megőrzése .... 113 12.4.2. Következtetések .................................................................................. 114 13. Összegzés ...................................................................................................................... 116 14. Köszönetnyilvánítás .................................................................................................... 122 15. Irodalomjegyzék .......................................................................................................... 125 16. Publikációk ................................................................................................................... 146 3 dc_691_13 ’As regards the present, estimates of extinction rates based on Red Data Books underestimate real values by a large factor, because the
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