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Continuing Crackdown in Inner Mongolia
CONTINUING CRACKDOWN IN INNER MONGOLIA Human Rights Watch/Asia (formerly Asia Watch) CONTINUING CRACKDOWN IN INNER MONGOLIA Human Rights Watch/Asia (formerly Asia Watch) Human Rights Watch New York $$$ Washington $$$ Los Angeles $$$ London Copyright 8 March 1992 by Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. ISBN 1-56432-059-6 Human Rights Watch/Asia (formerly Asia Watch) Human Rights Watch/Asia was established in 1985 to monitor and promote the observance of internationally recognized human rights in Asia. Sidney Jones is the executive director; Mike Jendrzejczyk is the Washington director; Robin Munro is the Hong Kong director; Therese Caouette, Patricia Gossman and Jeannine Guthrie are research associates; Cathy Yai-Wen Lee and Grace Oboma-Layat are associates; Mickey Spiegel is a research consultant. Jack Greenberg is the chair of the advisory committee and Orville Schell is vice chair. HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH Human Rights Watch conducts regular, systematic investigations of human rights abuses in some seventy countries around the world. It addresses the human rights practices of governments of all political stripes, of all geopolitical alignments, and of all ethnic and religious persuasions. In internal wars it documents violations by both governments and rebel groups. Human Rights Watch defends freedom of thought and expression, due process and equal protection of the law; it documents and denounces murders, disappearances, torture, arbitrary imprisonment, exile, censorship and other abuses of internationally recognized human rights. Human Rights Watch began in 1978 with the founding of its Helsinki division. Today, it includes five divisions covering Africa, the Americas, Asia, the Middle East, as well as the signatories of the Helsinki accords. -
The Complete Stories
The Complete Stories by Franz Kafka a.b.e-book v3.0 / Notes at the end Back Cover : "An important book, valuable in itself and absolutely fascinating. The stories are dreamlike, allegorical, symbolic, parabolic, grotesque, ritualistic, nasty, lucent, extremely personal, ghoulishly detached, exquisitely comic. numinous and prophetic." -- New York Times "The Complete Stories is an encyclopedia of our insecurities and our brave attempts to oppose them." -- Anatole Broyard Franz Kafka wrote continuously and furiously throughout his short and intensely lived life, but only allowed a fraction of his work to be published during his lifetime. Shortly before his death at the age of forty, he instructed Max Brod, his friend and literary executor, to burn all his remaining works of fiction. Fortunately, Brod disobeyed. Page 1 The Complete Stories brings together all of Kafka's stories, from the classic tales such as "The Metamorphosis," "In the Penal Colony" and "The Hunger Artist" to less-known, shorter pieces and fragments Brod released after Kafka's death; with the exception of his three novels, the whole of Kafka's narrative work is included in this volume. The remarkable depth and breadth of his brilliant and probing imagination become even more evident when these stories are seen as a whole. This edition also features a fascinating introduction by John Updike, a chronology of Kafka's life, and a selected bibliography of critical writings about Kafka. Copyright © 1971 by Schocken Books Inc. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. Published in the United States by Schocken Books Inc., New York. Distributed by Pantheon Books, a division of Random House, Inc., New York. -
Scanned Using Book Scancenter 5033
Ill DEMCHUGDONGROB’S EARLY CAREER 1919-1928 The Ruling Prince of His Own Banner After the old Prince Namjilwangchug died, there was not an actual ruling prince of the Sunid Right Banner for almost seventeen years. Therefore, Demchugdongrob’s assumption of power as jasag was a momentous and happy occasion for the whole ban ner. It also relieved, at least ostensibly, his “ official” mother (the Turned khatun, the first wife of his father) and the elderly officials of the banner of their heavy responsibilities.' During 1919, Prince De’s first year in charge of the banner administration, a group of Buriyad Mongolian intellectuals initiated the Pan-Mongolian movement, and in late February convened a meeting of delegates from Buriyad and Inner Mongolia at Dau- ria, in Siberia. They decided to organize a government for all Mongolia and sent repre sentatives to the Paris Peace Conference to strive for international recognition ofMon golia’s independence. Because it had already established its own government. Outer Mongolia rejected the invitation, but some Inner Mongols, especially the leaders of the Hulunbuir area in the far north of Inner Mongolia, were willing to Join, and the Naiji- Toyin Khutugtu of Hohhot Turned (Inner Mongolia) was recognized as their leader. Though this movement failed to achieve its goal of recognition at the Paris con ference, it influenced all of Mongolia. Even though the activities of Japanese militarists and the White Russian leader, Semenov, overshadowed this movement, it still helped to rouse a common Mongolian desire for unity and independence. Although Demchugdong- rob was not involved in these matters, he was inevitably influenced by them. -
Ethnic Minority Rights
ETHNIC MINORITY RIGHTS Findings • During the Commission’s 2019 reporting year, the Chinese Communist Party’s United Front Work Department continued to promote ethnic affairs work at all levels of Party and state governance that emphasized the importance of ‘‘sinicizing’’ eth- nic and religious minorities. Officials emphasized the need to ‘‘sinicize’’ the country’s religions, including Islam. Official ‘‘sinicization’’ efforts contributed to the increasing marginalization of ethnic minorities and their cultures and lan- guages. • Reports indicate that official efforts to repress Islamic prac- tices in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR) have spread beyond the XUAR to Hui communities living in other locations. Developments suggest officials may be starting to carry out religious repression in areas outside of the XUAR that are modeled on restrictions already implemented within the XUAR. In November 2018, official media reported that Zhang Yunsheng, Communist Party official of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, had signed a counterterrorism agreement with XUAR officials during a trip to the XUAR to learn about its efforts to fight terrorism, maintain ‘‘social stability,’’ and manage religious affairs. • During the reporting year, authorities carried out the phys- ical destruction and alteration of Hui Muslim spaces and struc- tures, continuing a recent trend away from relative toleration of Hui Muslim faith communities. Officials demolished a mosque in a Hui community in Gansu province, raided and closed several mosques in Hui areas in Yunnan province, closed an Arabic-language school serving Hui students in Gansu, and carried out changes such as removing Arabic sign- age in Hui areas. These changes narrowed the space for Hui Muslim believers to assert an ethnic and religious identity dis- tinct from that of the dominant Han Chinese population. -
Development of Pay Television Channels in China
Asian Culture and History; Vol. 5, No. 1; 2013 ISSN 1916-9655 E-ISSN 1916-9663 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Development of Pay Television Channels in China Fanbin Zeng1 & Wu Heng1 1 College of Journalism and Communication, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China Correspondence: College of Journalism and Communication, Jinan University, No. 601, Huangpu Dadao West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510632, China. Tel: 86-137-6078-7115. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Received: September 2, 2012 Accepted: September 18, 2012 Online Published: September 28, 2012 doi:10.5539/ach.v5n1p34 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ach.v5n1p34 This Project was financed by 2012 General Foundation of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan of Guangzhou Philosophy and Social Science Research (Grant Number: 2012YB31; Grant Title: Effect of Time Spent Online and Patterns of internet use on Real-life Political Participation: Based on Empirical Study on Internet Users in Guangzhou). Abstract In 2003, the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television (SARFT) determine those network development years and released a policy document. This indicates that management is aware of the importance of pay TV and digital TV and hoping to promote the development of network services and system integration, and change the business model of the radio and television industry has long rely solely on advertising. As of July 2009, approved by the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television to set up a pay TV channel has 142 units, divided into two categories broadcast on nationwide broadcast and province. In 7 years, the national digital pay TV channels from scratch, from small to large, from more than 20 of the initial development to the current level of 142, the number increased by 7 times. -
Crackdown in Inner Mongolia
CRACKDOWN IN INNER MONGOLIA 8 1991 by Human Rights Watch All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America ISBN 1-56432-035-9 THE ASIA WATCH COMMITTEE The Asia Watch Committee was established in 1985 to monitor and promote in Asia observance of internationally recognized human rights. The Chair is Jack Greenberg; Vice-Chairs, Harriet Rabb and Orville Schell; Executive Director, Sidney Jones; Washington Director, Mike Jendrzejczyk. Patricia Gossman, Robin Munro and Ji Won Park are Research Associates. Jeannine Guthrie, Lydia Lobenthal and Mary McCoy are Associates. HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH Asia Watch is a component of Human Rights Watch, which includes Africa Watch, Americas Watch, Helsinki Watch, Middle East Watch and the Fund for Free Expression. The Chair is Robert L. Bernstein and the Vice Chair is Adrian DeWind. Aryeh Neier is Executive Director; Kenneth Roth, Deputy Director; Holly J. Burkhalter, Washington Director; Ellen Lutz, California Director; Susan Osnos, Press Director; Jemera Rone, Counsel; Stephanie Steele, Business Manager; Dorothy Q. Thomas, Women's Rights Project Director; Joanna Weschler, Prison Project Director. Executive Directors Africa Watch Americas Watch Asia Watch Rakiya Omaar Juan Mendez Sidney Jones Helsinki Watch Middle East Watch Jeri Laber Andrew Whitley Human Rights Watch Human Rights Watch 485 Fifth Avenue 1522 K SStreet,treet, NW, #910 New York, NY 10017 Washington, DC 20005 Tel (212) 972972----84008400 Tel (202) 371371----65926592 Fax (212) 972972----09050905 Fax (202) 371371----01240124 CRACKDOWN -
Inner Mongolia Sustainable Cross Border Development Investment Program (RRP PRC 51192) SUPPLEMENTARY DOCUMENT to the ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
Inner Mongolia Sustainable Cross Border Development Investment Program (RRP PRC 51192) SUPPLEMENTARY DOCUMENT TO THE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 1. Introduction and background 1.1 PRC–Mongolia Trade and Cooperation 1. Since the establishment of trade relations between the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and Mongolia in 1951, the two countries signed a border trade treaty in 1962. The two countries have conducted in-depth cooperation in economic and trade aspects, and their scope has continued to expand. PRC has become Mongolia's largest trading partner. In 2018, the bilateral trade volume between PRC and Mongolia reached $8.54 billion, of which the PRC’s export volume was $1.99 billion and the import value was $6.54 billion. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (IMAR) has accounted for 70% of Mongolia’s import trade from PRC, and the IMAR’s import and export trade to Mongolia accounts for more than 40% of PRC-Mongolia trade. 2. According to the statistics of PRC–Mongolia economic and trade cooperation (Table 1), PRC continues to maintain Mongolia's largest trading partner, largest export market and largest import market in 2017. Mongolia's exports to PRC mainly include mineral products, animal fur raw materials and their finished products. Mongolia's imports from PRC mainly include gasoline, diesel, food, machinery and equipment, summarized is Table 1. Table 1: PRC–Mongolia Economic and Trade Cooperation Data for 2012-2017 Main Indicator 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 China export ($ billion) 2.450 2.216 1.572 0.988 1.248 China import ($ billion) 3.506 5.093 3.779 3.619 5.118 Source: China Customs Statistical Data. -
Final Du and Woodworth Formatted 12-19
Irrigation Society in China’s Northern Frontier, 1860s–1920s By Jingyuan Du, Sun Yat-Sen University Max D. Woodworth, University of California, Berkeley Abstract In this article, the authors examine the social and spacial organization of irrigation systems in the Hetao region (in current-day western Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region) during the late Qing and early Republican periods. Counter to Karl Wittfogel’s thesis on the inevitability of centralized state bureaucracy in the formation and management of a “hydraulic civilization,” the authors suggest that non-state actors played a decisive role in the construction of irrigation systems in this region on the northern periphery of the Chinese empire and the frontier of agricultural expansion. Their findings are more closely in line with Clifford Geertz’s work in Bali and other more recent studies of irrigation societies, in that they demonstrate that the land- owning Mongol aristocracy, Han Chinese immigrant cultivators and traders, as well as the Catholic Church formed a network of land conversion agents, labor supply, construction management, and finance. These networks of non-state actors were decisive in building extensive hydraulic projects and shaping a multinucleated territorial politics in the northern frontier of the empire. Introducing Hetao The Hetao Plain is surrounded on four sides by the Alashan Mountains to the west, the Lüliangshan Mountains to the east, the Yinshan Mountains to the north, and the Great Wall to the south. Included in the territory are the Yinchuan Plain, the Ordos Highlands, and a portion of the Loess Plateau, an area that includes all or part of current-day Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, and Shaanxi. -
CWSI) for Monitoring Drought from 2001 to 2017 Over Inner Mongolia
sustainability Article Characterization and Evaluation of MODIS-Derived Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) for Monitoring Drought from 2001 to 2017 over Inner Mongolia Zi-Ce Ma 1, Peng Sun 1,2,3,* , Qiang Zhang 2,3,*, Yu-Qian Hu 1 and Wei Jiang 1 1 School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; [email protected] (Z.-C.M.); [email protected] (Y.-Q.H.); [email protected] (W.J.) 2 State Key Laboratory of Surface Process and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China 3 Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (P.S.); [email protected] (Q.Z.) Abstract: Inner Mongolia is one of the main green production bases of agricultural and animal husbandry products. Due to factors such as natural geographical location, drought occurs frequently in Inner Mongolia. Based on the MOD16 product and the method of crop water stress index (CWSI) combined with multi-year precipitation and temperature data, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and major influencing factors of drought in Inner Mongolia from 2001 to 2017 were analyzed. In order to provide effective scientific basis for drought control and drought resistance in Inner Mongolia for decision. The results showed that: (1) during 2001–2017, the average annual CWSI in Inner Mongolia had a strong spatial heterogeneity, which showed a trend of gradual increase from northeast to southwest. The annual average CWSI was 0.7787 and showed a fluctuating downward trend for Inner Mongolia. (2) The CWSI of every 8d during one year in Inner Mongolia showed the Citation: Ma, Z.-C.; Sun, P.; Zhang, double-peak trend, reaching its maximum of 0.9043 in the 121st day. -
State of China's Cities
THE STATE OF THE STATE THE STATE OF CHINA’S CITIES CHINA’S CITIES CHINA’S 2014/2015 2014/2015 THE STATE OF CHINA’S CITIES 2014/2015 SPONSOR International Eurasian Academy of Sciences UNDERTAKER China Science Center of International Eurasian Academy of Sciences CO-ORGANIZERS China Association of Mayors Urban Planning Society of China EDIROR-IN-CHIEF Wang Guangtao, Secretary-General, International Eurasian Academy of Sciences (IEAS), Executive Vice President, China Science Center of International Eurasian Academy of Sciences (CSC-IEAS) HONORARY EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Tao Siliang, Executive Vice President, China Association of Mayors EXECUTIVE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Mao Qizhi, Academician, IEAS, Professor, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University Shao Yisheng, Academician, IEAS, Deputy Secretary-General, CSC-IEAS AUTHORS Mao Qizhi, Academician, IEAS, Professor, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University Shao Yisheng, Academician, IEAS, Researcher, Vice President, China Academy of Urban Planning and Design Shi Nan, Professor, Secretary-General, Urban Planning Society of China Shen Jianguo, PhD., Inter-Regional Adviser, United Nations Human Settlements Programme Yu Taofang, PhD., Associate Professor, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University Zhang Zhiguo, PhD., Associate Researcher, China Academy of Urban Planning and Design Li Lin, Associate Senior Editor, City Planning Review magazine Chen Xiaohui, Deputy Chief Planner, Jiangsu Institute of Urban Planning and Design Qu Changhong, Senior Engineer, Deputy Secretary-General, Urban Planning Society of -
The History and Politics of Population Development in Manchuria 1610-1993
Kölner China-Studien Online Arbeitspapiere zu Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Chinas Cologne China Studies Online Working Papers on Chinese Politics, Economy and Society No. 1 / 1998 Thomas Scharping Minorities, Majorities and National Expansion: The History and Politics of Population Development in Manchuria 1610-1993 Zusammenfassung: Dies ist die erweiterte Fassung einer im Jahr 2000 an anderer Stelle publizierten Studie. Sie verfolgt die Bevölkerungsgeschichte der Mandschurei und den Verlauf ihrer Integration in das chinesische Reich von den Anfängen des Mandschu-Staates im frühen 17.Jahrhundert bis zur chinesischen Reformära Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts. Dabei werden zunächst die verschiedenen administrativen Arrangements besprochen, die die Kolonisierung des Gebietes durch chinesische Siedler erst verhinderten und später förderten. Sie haben auch den Prozeduren zur Sammlung und Zusammenstellung von Bevölkerungsdaten zugrundegelegen. Die Studie wendet sich danach Problemen der historischen Demographie und ethnischen Identifikation in der Mandschurei zu, in deren Zusammenhang verschiedene Assimilationsprozesse und ethnische Klassifizierungsfragen besprochen werden. Hieran schließt sich eine Untersuchung der Bevölkerungsentwicklung bei den einzelnen Völkern der Region sowie der sie gestaltenden politischen und sozio-ökonomischen Faktoren an. In einem letzten Teil werden die chinesische, russische, japanische und koreanische Zuwanderung besprochen. Die Studie enthält neun Tabellen mit ethno- spezifischen Angaben zu Bevölkerungsgliederung -
Inner Mongolia Road Development Project: Resettlement Plan (Upgrading Manzhouli−Alatanemole Section of S203)
Resettlement Plan January 2013 PRC: Inner Mongolia Road Development Project Prepared by Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Department of Transport for the Asian Development Bank. This resettlement plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 25 January 2013) Currency unit – Yuan (CNY) CNY1.00 = $0.16075 $1.00 = CNY6.2207 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank AP – affected person CHCS – Cooperative Health Care System EA – executing agency DMS – detailed measurement survey EMDP – ethnic minority development plan IMAR – Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region IMDT – Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Department of Transport LAR – land acquisition and resettlement M&E – monitoring and evaluation PRC – People’s Republic of China PSSD – Project Social Safeguards Division RIB – resettlement information booklet RP – resettlement plan NOTES (i) The fiscal year (FY) of the Government of the People’s Republic of China and its agencies ends on 31 December. (ii) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. Inner Mongolia Road Development Project Resettlement Plan-S203 China Inner Mongolia Road Development Project (Upgrading Manzhouli−Alatanemole Section of S203) Resettlement Plan (Final Based on Detailed Measurement Survey) Prepared by Inner Mongolia Department of Transport Nov.