Doe Outstanding Junior Investigator Program Awardees
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Stephen Hawking (1942–2018) World-Renowned Physicist Who Defied the Odds
COMMENT OBITUARY Stephen Hawking (1942–2018) World-renowned physicist who defied the odds. hen Stephen Hawking was speech synthesizer processed his words and diagnosed with motor-neuron generated the androidal accent that became disease at the age of 21, it wasn’t his trademark. In this way, he completed his Wclear that he would finish his PhD. Against best-selling book A Brief History of Time all expectations, he lived on for 55 years, (Bantam, 1988), which propelled him to becoming one of the world’s most celebrated celebrity status. IAN BERRY/MAGNUM scientists. Had Hawking achieved equal distinction Hawking, who died on 14 March 2018, was in any other branch of science besides cos- born in Oxford, UK, in 1942 to a medical- mology, it probably would not have had the researcher father and a philosophy-graduate same resonance with a worldwide public. As mother. After attending St Albans School I put it in The Telegraph newspaper in 2007, near London, he earned a first-class degree “the concept of an imprisoned mind roaming in physics from the University of Oxford. He the cosmos” grabbed people’s imagination. began his research career in 1962, enrolling In 1965, Stephen married Jane Wilde. as a graduate student in a group at the Uni- After 25 years of marriage, and three versity of Cambridge led by one of the fathers children, the strain of Stephen’s illness of modern cosmology, Dennis Sciama. and of sharing their home with a team of The general theory of relativity was at that nurses became too much and they sepa- time undergoing a renaissance, initiated in rated, divorcing in 1995. -
CERN Celebrates Discoveries
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS CERN COURIER VOLUME 43 NUMBER 10 DECEMBER 2003 CERN celebrates discoveries NEW PARTICLES NETWORKS SPAIN Protons make pentaquarks p5 Measuring the digital divide pl7 Particle physics thrives p30 16 KPH impact 113 KPH impact series VISyN High Voltage Power Supplies When the objective is to measure the almost immeasurable, the VISyN-Series is the detector power supply of choice. These multi-output, card based high voltage power supplies are stable, predictable, and versatile. VISyN is now manufactured by Universal High Voltage, a world leader in high voltage power supplies, whose products are in use in every national laboratory. For worldwide sales and service, contact the VISyN product group at Universal High Voltage. Universal High Voltage Your High Voltage Power Partner 57 Commerce Drive, Brookfield CT 06804 USA « (203) 740-8555 • Fax (203) 740-9555 www.universalhv.com Covering current developments in high- energy physics and related fields worldwide CERN Courier (ISSN 0304-288X) is distributed to member state governments, institutes and laboratories affiliated with CERN, and to their personnel. It is published monthly, except for January and August, in English and French editions. The views expressed are CERN not necessarily those of the CERN management. Editor Christine Sutton CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] Fax:+41 (22) 782 1906 Web: cerncourier.com COURIER Advisory Board R Landua (Chairman), P Sphicas, K Potter, E Lillest0l, C Detraz, H Hoffmann, R Bailey -
The Cosmos - Before the Big Bang
From issue 2601 of New Scientist magazine, 28 April 2007, page 28-33 The cosmos - before the big bang How did the universe begin? The question is as old as humanity. Sure, we know that something like the big bang happened, but the theory doesn't explain some of the most important bits: why it happened, what the conditions were at the time, and other imponderables. Many cosmologists think our standard picture of how the universe came to be is woefully incomplete or even plain wrong, and they have been dreaming up a host of strange alternatives to explain how we got here. For the first time, they are trying to pin down the initial conditions of the big bang. In particular, they want to solve the long-standing mystery of how the universe could have begun in such a well- ordered state, as fundamental physics implies, when it seems utter chaos should have reigned. Several models have emerged that propose intriguing answers to this question. One says the universe began as a dense sea of black holes. Another says the big bang was sparked by a collision between two membranes floating in higher-dimensional space. Yet another says our universe was originally ripped from a larger entity, and that in turn countless baby universes will be born from the wreckage of ours. Crucially, each scenario makes unique and testable predictions; observations coming online in the next few years should help us to decide which, if any, is correct. Not that modelling the origin of the universe is anything new. -
Interview Call List for the Junior Research Fellow (JRF) Positions Department of Solid State Physics (SSP), IACS Kolkata
Interview call list for the Junior Research Fellow (JRF) positions Department of Solid State Physics (SSP), IACS Kolkata Research opportunities at the Department of Solid State Physics, IACS Kolkata: The faculty members of the Department of Solid State Physics are actively engaged in cutting edge research in various areas of Experimental and Theoretical Condensed Matter Physics. JRF positions are available in the group of following faculty members: Available positions: 1). Experimental Condensed Matter Physics: Prof. A.J. Pal, Prof. S. Giri, Dr. S. Datta, Dr. M. Mandal and Dr. D. Mukherjee 2). Theoretical and Computational Condensed Matter Physics: Prof. I. Dasgupta More details about the research activities of the above mentioned faculty members are available in their respective web-page. -------------------------------------------- Interview Schedule Wednesday, 03/January/2018 Time - 10:30 am to 2 pm Reporting at 10 am, Office of SSP, Room-215, Centenary Building, IACS Sr No Name Address Vill-Hatabari(Malancha Abasan), P.O-Contai A_1 Abhishek Maiti, Jadavpur University Dist-Purba Medinipur, West Bengal-721401 ARNAB BERA VILL-CHABBISHPUR, P.O-DHARASIMUL, A_2 Ramakrishna Mission DIST-HOOGHLY, PIN-712416 Vivekananda University WEST BENGAL ASHOK DAS VILL- NIRODGARH, P.O+ P.S- PANDUA, A_3 Burdwan University DIST- HOOGHLY, PIN NO-712149 BISWAJIT PABI Vill- Bonsujapur, P.O.- Galigram (M.P.), P.S.- A_4 Burdwan University Galsi, Dist- Purba Bardhaman Pin-713406 Chumki Nayak Vill+P.O- Jamgora, Dist- Paschim , Bardhaman, A_5 Kazi Nazrul University Pin- 713385,W.B. C/O-SUKDEB DINDA, Deb Kumar Dinda VILL+P.O.-SUBDI, P.S.-NANDIGRAM, A_6 West Bengal State University DIST-PURBA MEDINIPUR, PIN-721430 Debjani Banerjee vill.-Goswamipur, P.O.- Beliatore, P.S.- A_7 Kazi Nazrul University Beliatore, Dist.-Bankura, West Bengal-722203 Debraj Bose 118/1, Briji West Manikanchan Appt, Garia A_8 University of Hyderabad Kolkata -700084 Time - 3 pm to 6:30 pm Reporting at 2:30 pm, Office of SSP, Room-215, Centenary Building, IACS Sr. -
Magnetic Vortices in Gauge/Gravity Duality
Magnetic Vortices in Gauge/Gravity Duality Dissertation by Migael Strydom Magnetic Vortices in Gauge/Gravity Duality Dissertation an der Fakult¨atf¨urPhysik der Ludwig{Maximilians{Universit¨at M¨unchen vorgelegt von Migael Strydom aus Pretoria M¨unchen, den 20. Mai 2014 Dissertation submitted to the faculty of physics of the Ludwig{Maximilians{Universit¨atM¨unchen by Migael Strydom supervised by Prof. Dr. Johanna Karen Erdmenger Max-Planck-Institut f¨urPhysik, M¨unchen 1st Referee: Prof. Dr. Johanna Karen Erdmenger 2nd Referee: Prof. Dr. Dieter L¨ust Date of submission: 20 May 2014 Date of oral examination: 18 July 2014 Zusammenfassung Wir untersuchen stark gekoppelte Ph¨anomene unter Verwendung der Dualit¨at zwischen Eich- und Gravitationstheorien. Dabei liegt ein besonderer Fokus einer- seits auf Vortex L¨osungen, die von einem magnetischem Feld verursacht werden, und andererseits auf zeitabh¨angigen Problemen in holographischen Modellen. Das wichtigste Ergebnis ist die Entdeckung eines unerwarteten Effektes in einem ein- fachen holografischen Modell: ein starkes nicht abelsches magnetisches Feld verur- sacht die Entstehung eines Grundzustandes in der Form eines dreieckigen Gitters von Vortices. Die Dualit¨at zwischen Eich- und Gravitationstheorien ist ein m¨achtiges Werk- zeug welches bereits verwendet wurde um stark gekoppelte Systeme vom Quark- Gluonen Plasma in Teilchenbeschleunigern bis hin zu Festk¨orpertheorien zu be- schreiben. Die wichtigste Idee ist dabei die der Dualit¨at: Eine stark gekoppelte Quantenfeldtheorie kann untersucht werden, indem man die Eigenschaften eines aus den Einsteinschen Feldgleichungen folgenden Gravitations-Hintergrundes be- stimmt. Eine der Gravitationstheorien, die in dieser Arbeit behandelt werden, ist ei- ne Einstein{Yang{Mills Theorie in einem AdS{Schwarzschild Hintergrund mit SU(2)-Eichsymmetrie. -
2018 APS Prize and Award Recipients
APS Announces 2018 Prize and Award Recipients The APS would like to congratulate the recipients of these APS prizes and awards. They will be presented during APS award ceremonies throughout the year. Both March and April meeting award ceremonies are open to all APS members and their guests. At the March Meeting, the APS Prizes and Awards Ceremony will be held Monday, March 5, 5:45 - 6:45 p.m. at the Los Angeles Convention Center (LACC) in Los Angeles, CA. At the April Meeting, the APS Prizes and Awards Ceremony will be held Sunday, April 15, 5:30 - 6:30 p.m. at the Greater Columbus Convention Center in Columbus, OH. In addition to the award ceremonies, most prize and award recipients will give invited talks during the meeting. Some recipients of prizes, awards are recognized at APS unit meetings. For the schedule of APS meetings, please visit http://www.aps.org/meetings/calendar.cfm. Nominations are open for most 2019 prizes and awards. We encourage members to nominate their highly-qualified peers, and to consider broadening the diversity and depth of the nomination pool from which honorees are selected. For nomination submission instructions, please visit the APS web site (http://www.aps.org/programs/honors/index.cfm). Prizes 2018 APS MEDAL FOR EXCELLENCE IN PHYSICS 2018 PRIZE FOR A FACULTY MEMBER FOR RESEARCH IN AN UNDERGRADUATE INSTITUTION Eugene N. Parker University of Chicago Warren F. Rogers In recognition of many fundamental contributions to space physics, Indiana Wesleyan University plasma physics, solar physics and astrophysics for over 60 years. -
Supergravity at 40: Reflections and Perspectives(∗)
RIVISTA DEL NUOVO CIMENTO Vol. 40, N. 6 2017 DOI 10.1393/ncr/i2017-10136-6 ∗ Supergravity at 40: Reflections and perspectives( ) S. Ferrara(1)(2)(3)andA. Sagnotti(4) (1) Theoretical Physics Department, CERN CH - 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland (2) INFN - Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati - Via Enrico Fermi 40 I-00044 Frascati (RM), Italy (3) Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mani L. Bhaumik Institute for Theoretical Physics U.C.L.A., Los Angeles CA 90095-1547, USA (4) Scuola Normale Superiore e INFN - Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy received 15 February 2017 Dedicated to John H. Schwarz on the occasion of his 75th birthday Summary. — The fortieth anniversary of the original construction of Supergravity provides an opportunity to combine some reminiscences of its early days with an assessment of its impact on the quest for a quantum theory of gravity. 280 1. Introduction 280 2. The early times 282 3. The golden age 283 4. Supergravity and particle physics 284 5. Supergravity and string theory 286 6. Branes and M-theory 287 7. Supergravity and the AdS/CFT correspondence 288 8. Conclusions and perspectives ∗ ( ) Based in part on the talk delivered by S.F. at the “Special Session of the DISCRETE2016 Symposium and the Leopold Infeld Colloquium”, in Warsaw, on December 1 2016, and on a joint CERN Courier article. c Societ`a Italiana di Fisica 279 280 S. FERRARA and A. SAGNOTTI 1. – Introduction The year 2016 marked the fortieth anniversary of the discovery of Supergravity (SGR) [1], an extension of Einstein’s General Relativity [2] (GR) where Supersymme- try, promoted to a gauge symmetry, accompanies general coordinate transformations. -
TASI Lectures on Emergence of Supersymmetry, Gauge Theory And
TASI Lectures on Emergence of Supersymmetry, Gauge Theory and String in Condensed Matter Systems Sung-Sik Lee1,2 1Department of Physics & Astronomy, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton ON L8S4M1, Canada 2Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, 31 Caroline St. N., Waterloo ON N2L2Y5, Canada Abstract The lecture note consists of four parts. In the first part, we review a 2+1 dimen- sional lattice model which realizes emergent supersymmetry at a quantum critical point. The second part is devoted to a phenomenon called fractionalization where gauge boson and fractionalized particles emerge as low energy excitations as a result of strong interactions between gauge neutral particles. In the third part, we discuss about stability and low energy effective theory of a critical spin liquid state where stringy excitations emerge in a large N limit. In the last part, we discuss about an attempt to come up with a prescription to derive holographic theory for general quantum field theory. arXiv:1009.5127v2 [hep-th] 16 Dec 2010 Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Emergent supersymmetry 2 2.1 Emergence of (bosonic) space-time symmetry . .... 3 2.2 Emergentsupersymmetry . .. .. 4 2.2.1 Model ................................... 5 2.2.2 RGflow .................................. 7 3 Emergent gauge theory 10 3.1 Model ....................................... 10 3.2 Slave-particletheory ............................... 10 3.3 Worldlinepicture................................. 12 4 Critical spin liquid with Fermi surface 14 4.1 Fromspinmodeltogaugetheory . 14 4.1.1 Slave-particle approach to spin-liquid states . 14 4.1.2 Stability of deconfinement phase in the presence of Fermi surface... 16 4.2 Lowenergyeffectivetheory . .. .. 17 4.2.1 Failure of a perturbative 1/N expansion ............... -
Round Table Talk: Conversation with Nathan Seiberg
Round Table Talk: Conversation with Nathan Seiberg Nathan Seiberg Professor, the School of Natural Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Study Hirosi Ooguri Kavli IPMU Principal Investigator Yuji Tachikawa Kavli IPMU Professor Ooguri: Over the past few decades, there have been remarkable developments in quantum eld theory and string theory, and you have made signicant contributions to them. There are many ideas and techniques that have been named Hirosi Ooguri Nathan Seiberg Yuji Tachikawa after you, such as the Seiberg duality in 4d N=1 theories, the two of you, the Director, the rest of about supersymmetry. You started Seiberg-Witten solutions to 4d N=2 the faculty and postdocs, and the to work on supersymmetry almost theories, the Seiberg-Witten map administrative staff have gone out immediately or maybe a year after of noncommutative gauge theories, of their way to help me and to make you went to the Institute, is that right? the Seiberg bound in the Liouville the visit successful and productive – Seiberg: Almost immediately. I theory, the Moore-Seiberg equations it is quite amazing. I don’t remember remember studying supersymmetry in conformal eld theory, the Afeck- being treated like this, so I’m very during the 1982/83 Christmas break. Dine-Seiberg superpotential, the thankful and embarrassed. Ooguri: So, you changed the direction Intriligator-Seiberg-Shih metastable Ooguri: Thank you for your kind of your research completely after supersymmetry breaking, and many words. arriving the Institute. I understand more. Each one of them has marked You received your Ph.D. at the that, at the Weizmann, you were important steps in our progress. -
Is String Theory Holographic? 1 Introduction
Holography and large-N Dualities Is String Theory Holographic? Lukas Hahn 1 Introduction1 2 Classical Strings and Black Holes2 3 The Strominger-Vafa Construction3 3.1 AdS/CFT for the D1/D5 System......................3 3.2 The Instanton Moduli Space.........................6 3.3 The Elliptic Genus.............................. 10 1 Introduction The holographic principle [1] is based on the idea that there is a limit on information content of spacetime regions. For a given volume V bounded by an area A, the state of maximal entropy corresponds to the largest black hole that can fit inside V . This entropy bound is specified by the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy A S ≤ S = (1.1) BH 4G and the goings-on in the relevant spacetime region are encoded on "holographic screens". The aim of these notes is to discuss one of the many aspects of the question in the title, namely: "Is this feature of the holographic principle realized in string theory (and if so, how)?". In order to adress this question we start with an heuristic account of how string like objects are related to black holes and how to compare their entropies. This second section is exclusively based on [2] and will lead to a key insight, the need to consider BPS states, which allows for a more precise treatment. The most fully understood example is 1 a bound state of D-branes that appeared in the original article on the topic [3]. The third section is an attempt to review this construction from a point of view that highlights the role of AdS/CFT [4,5]. -
Localization of Gauge Theories on the Three-Sphere
Localization of Gauge Theories on the Three-Sphere Thesis by Itamar Yaakov In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California 2012 (Defended May 14, 2012) ii c 2012 Itamar Yaakov All Rights Reserved iii Acknowledgements I would like to thank my research adviser, Professor Anton Kapustin, for his continuing support. His mentorship, foresight, intuition and collaboration were the keys to my having a successful graduate career. The work described here was done in collaboration with Brian Willett and much of the credit for successful completion of this work is duly his. I would also like to express my deep appreciation to the California Institute of Technology, and especially the professors and staff of the physics department for a thoroughly enjoyable and interesting five years of study. Special thanks to Frank Porter, Donna Driscoll, Virginio Sannibale, and Carol Silberstein. I am grateful to Mark Wise, John Schwarz, Hirosi Ooguri, and Frank Porter for serving on my candidacy and defense committees. I benefited from discussions along the way with Ofer Aharony, John Schwarz, Sergei Gukov, Hirosi Ooguri, David Kutasov, Zohar Komargodski, Daniel Jafferis, and Jaume Gomis. I would like to thank the organizers and lecturers of the PITP 2010 summer school at the Institute for Advanced study for an impeccably produced learning experience. My thanks also to Gregory Moore and Nathan Seiberg for taking the time to discuss my research while at the school. I would like to thank UCLA, especially Yu-tin Huang, and the Perimeter Institute and Jaume Gomis for allowing me to present my work there. -
PDF Version for Printing
Fermilab Today Thursday, October 27, 2005 Calendar Fermilab Sets Another World Thursday, October 27 Record for Luminosity! Shining a Direct Light on Particle Interactions 11:00 a.m. Theoretical Physics Seminar - The Tevatron had a vast improvement in Curia II peak luminosity. Operators set a new Speaker: G. Paz, Cornell University record this morning at 2:54. The new Title: An Inclusive Look at Charmless record of 158E30 cm-2sec-1 is almost 10 Inclusive B Decays percent larger than the last record of width="220" 3:30 p.m. Director's Coffee Break - 2nd 145E30 cm-2sec-1. Flr X-Over 4:00 p.m. Accelerator Physics and Fermilab Scientists Get Technology Seminar - 1 West Closer To Crystal Collimation In events in which two jets are created, complex physical processes that occur after the violent collision make it difficult to Speaker: D. McGinnis, Fermilab completely interpret all facets of the interaction. (Click on image for larger version.) Title: A 2 Megawatt Multi-Stage Proton Accumulator 5:30 p.m. UTeV Lecture - 1 West Speaker: A. Weinstein, California Institute of Technology jets Title: The Search for Gravitational Waves: Their Nature and Astrophysical Sources Friday, October 28 These are the results of 1 TeV channeled The fact that a photon does not interact after the hard scatter gives unique insight into the underlying (and interesting) high- 1:00 p.m. UTeV Lecture - Curia II energy collision. (Click on image for larger version.) protons with good channeling efficiencies. Speaker: A. Weinstein, California Institute (Click image for larger version.) At the heart of Fermilab's two collider detectors, literally millions of particle collisions occur each second.