Freemasonry on Both Sides of the Atlantic Xvii R

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Freemasonry on Both Sides of the Atlantic Xvii R FREEMASONRY ON BOTH SIDES OF THE ATLANTIC Essays Concerning the Craft in the British Isles, Europe, the United States, and Mexico Edited by R.WILLIAM WEISBERGER WALLACE MCLEOD S. BRENT MORRIS East European Monographs, Boulder Distributed by Columbia University Press, New York 2002 CONTENTS Acknowledgements viii An Amateur Looks at the Craft x S. Brent Morris Freemasonry in Europe and America xii Steven Bela Vdrdy The Evolution of Masonic History xv Wallace McLeod Thoughts about Freemasonry on Both Sides of the Atlantic xvii R. William Weisberger PARTI FREEMASONRY IN SCOTLAND AND ENGLAND The Lodge of Edinburgh, 1598-1746 3 Lisa Kahler Canongate Kilwinning Lodge 59 Lisa Kahler The Grand Lodge of Scotland and the Establishment of the Masonic Community 87 Lisa Kahler Freemasonry and Music in Eighteenth-Century Edinburgh 123 Jennifer Macleod Freemasonry and the Mystery of the Acception, 1630-1723—A Fatal Flaw 153 M. D. J. Scanlan James Anderson (1679-1739): Man and Mason 199 David Stevenson, Professor Emeritus J. T. Desaguliers: Newtonian Experimental Scientist 243 R. William Weisberger PART 2 THE CRAFT IN EUROPE UNESCO of the Eighteenth Century: La Loge des Neuf Sceurs and Its Venerable Master, Benjamin Franklin 279 Nicholas Hans Parisian Masonry, the Lodge of the Nine Sisters, and the French Enlightenment 299 R. William Weisberger "The Vulgar People Must Not Share It": Byron, Freemasonry, and the Carbonari 347 Jonathan Gross Prague and Viennese Freemasonry, the Enlightenment, and the Operations of the True Harmony Lodge of Vienna 375 R. William Weisberger Freemasonry in Hungary Between the Eighteenth & Twentieth Centuries 421 Zsuzsa L. Nagy, Professor Emeritus The Ottoman Grand Orient: Freemasonry, Nationalism, and Revolution in the Late Ottoman Empire 435 Peter Mentzel The Masonic Revival in Russia: The Poet Pushkin at Issue 449 Lauren G. Leighton PART 3 MASONRY AND ANTI-MASONRY IN THE UNITED STATES The Revolutionary Generation, 1763-1823: American Freemasons 471 Fred Lamar Pearson, Jr. According to Their Rank: Masonry & the Revolution, 1775-1792 489 Steven C. Bullock Tidewater Virginia Freemasons and Occupational Diversity, 1785-1815 .525 Richard A. Rutyna The Eye and the Pyramid 557 Jay Macpherson Freemasonry Revisited: Another Look at the Grass-Roots Bases of Antimasonic Anxieties 583 Kathleen Smith Kutolowski Religion and Freemasonry in Late 19th-century America 605 Lynn Dumenil Religious Assimilation in a Fraternal Organization: Jews and Freemasonry in Gilded Age San Francisco 621 Tony Fels Inventing Tradition & Freemasonry: The Craft and the Arabs 657 Paul Rich & David Merchant vi The New Age Magazine's Reportage of National Socialism, the Persecution of European Masonry, and the Holocaust 667 Aaron T. Kornblum PART 4 FREEMASONRY IN MEXICO Social Change and Freemasonry: The Scottish Rite's Urban Primacy 701 Paul Rich & Guillermo De Los Reyes Civil Society and Freemasonry: The Cardenista Rite & Mexico 717 Paul Rich & Antonio Lara National Differences in Freemasonry: The Gap Between America and Mexico 735 Paul Rich & Carlos Cruz PART 5 MASONIC LIBRARIES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY Subject for Enquiry: Sources for Research & Historical Bibliography in the Library & Museum of Freemasonry, London 755 Rebecca Coombes, Librarian The Masonic Library & Museum of Pennsylvania 781 Glenys A. Waldman, Librarian The Iowa Masonic Library and Its Collections 785 William R. Kreuger The Incomparable Treasure '.'. 793 Joan K. Sansbury, Librarian Van Gorden-Williams Library of the Museum of Our National Heritage 799 Helaine Blonder Davis, Librarian European Periodical Literature on Masonic Research: A Review of Two Decades of Achievement 805 Trevor Stewart New Directions in Masonic and Atlantic History: An Afterword 937 Seymour Drescher Index 940 vn.
Recommended publications
  • LIST of PAPERS in ARS QUATUOR CORONATORUM Website: Author 1 – 1886-8 on Some Old Scottish Masonic Customs R.F
    LIST OF PAPERS IN ARS QUATUOR CORONATORUM website: www.quatuorcoronati.com Author 1 – 1886-8 On Some Old Scottish Masonic Customs R.F. Gould The Steinmetz Theory Critically Examined G.W. Speth On an Early Version of the Hiramic Legend Hayter Lewis Freemasonry and Hermeticism A.F.A. Woodford On the Orientation of Temples Warren Connecting Links between Ancient and Modern Freemasonry W.J. Hughan The Religion of Freemasonry Illuminated by the Kabbalah W.W. Westcott The Quatuor Coronati – Arundel MS A.F.A. Woodford English Freemasonry before the Era of Grand Lodges (1717) R.F. Gould The Apostle St Paul, a Mason Tendler The Threefold Division of Temples Simpson Indian Relics Spainhour Unrecognised Lodges & Degrees of Freemasonry before & after 1717 J. Yarker Shall I be a Mason? Tempels Effigy of a Reputed GM of Freemasons in Winchester Cathedral Jacobs Legends of the Compagnonnage – Part I W.H. Rylands Two New Versions of the Old Charges (Wilson, Phillipps, Stanley) G.W. Speth Scottish Freemasonry before the Era of Grand Lodges G.W. Speth The Roman Legend of the Quattro Incoronati Russell Forbes Classification of the Old Charges of the British Masons Begemann Masters’ Lodges Lane The Quatuor Coronati Abroad G.W. Speth Scottish Freemasonry in the Present Era Macbean Relations between Grand Lodges of England & Sweden in Last Century Kupferschmidt 2 – 1889 The Worship of Death Simpson Legends of the Compagnonnage – Part II W.H. Rylands The Foundation of Modern Freemasonry G.W. Speth Freemasonry in Rotterdam 120 Years Ago Vaillant The Origin of Freemasonry Cramer The Grand Lodge at York Whytehead Free and Freemason Schnitger Hogarth’s Picture Night W.H.
    [Show full text]
  • The Three Great Lights
    The Three Great Lights By WBro. Wayne Spring Beacon Court Lodge 1967 – IPM and Lodge Mentor Pentangle Lodge 1174 - JD East Kent Masters Lodge 3931 - Steward Norman Chapter 3502 – Principal Sojourner Word count: 1,540 THE THREE GREAT LIGHTS The Three Great Lights the fundamental objects in Freemasonry. To the uninitiated this bears no meaning; to a brother a way of life. Their importance is highlighted when the Worshipful Master directs attention to the Three Great Lights in Freemasonry, the VSL, The Square and the Compasses. The most important of these is the Volume of the Sacred Law1,2 an indispensable part of the Lodge. The open Bible signifies that we should regulate our conduct according to it. The teachings are to rule and guide our faith, a symbol of man's acknowledgment of his relationship to Deity. Upon the formation of the United Grand Lodge of England, the first ‘Constitution’ detailed the important relationship in the ‘Aims and Relations of the Craft’3. Without familiarisation to the BoC4, a brother understands the importance of the VSL from the ritual. A newly made brother is not presented a copy of the BoC until the end of the initiation degree. During the ceremony he will be informed that “It teaches us the important duties we owe to God, to our neighbour and to ourselves.5” The candidate is informed that it is the unerring standard of Truth and Justice and that it is to rule and govern our faith. 1 Hereinafter referred to as the VSL. 2 No matter what religion 3 The first condition of admission into, and membership of, the Order is belief in the Supreme Being; the Bible, the Volume of the Sacred Law, is always open in Lodges.
    [Show full text]
  • MASONIC MOMENTS a Lafayette Lodge No
    LAFAYETTE LODGE NO. 27 F. & A. M. 1550 Irving Street, Rahway, New Jersey 07065 MASONIC MOMENTS A Lafayette Lodge No. 27 Periodical Volume 2, Issue 5 – May 2020 Lodge Historian: RW Arjit “Artie” Mahal United Grand Lodge of England, a Brief History By Bryan S. Passione, PM The United Grand Lodge of England (“UGLE”), and current Freemasons’ Hall, is located on Great Queen Street in the heart of London. A Masonic hall, in one form or another, has stood in this location since 1775, and the current Freemasons’ Hall was constructed in 1933. Incredibly, the building escaped the bombings of World War II virtually unscathed. Freemasons’ Hall is not only home to more than 20 functional lodge rooms, including the stunning Grand Temple (or Grand Lodge) room, but also a Masonic library and museum of Freemasonry. The museum has recently been redesigned to highlight Freemasonry through the ages, specifically within the 300 years since the establishment of the original Grand Lodge of England. United Grand Lodge of England, 60 Great Queen Street, London, UK The Grand Lodge of England, which recently celebrated its tercentenary, was originally established in 1717; and in 1723, published the first “Constitutions of the Free-Masons.” Around 1751, a divide occurred between the membership and the Grand Lodge split into two separate Grand Lodges; the Grand Lodge of England (also known as the Moderns) and the Ancient Grand Lodge (also known as the Ancients). The divide 1 between the Moderns and the Ancients stemmed from disagreements over the nature of the Masonic ritual1, where the Moderns sought to modernize the ritual and place less focus on ritual overall.
    [Show full text]
  • ROSSLYN CHAPEL: a LEGACY in STONE by W/B David P
    ROSSLYN CHAPEL: A LEGACY IN STONE By W/B David P. Stuard, Jr. Just seven miles from Edinburgh, on the edge of the beautiful Esk valley, stands one of the most intriguing structures in the world, the mysterious Rosslyn Chapel. Designed and built by the third and last Prince of Orkney, Sir William St. Clair, it is a monument to craftsmanship, bristling with flying buttresses and gargoyles in the highest gothic style on the exterior, its interior covered with curious carvings representing Egyptian, Celtic, Jewish, Templar, and Masonic symbolism. Entangled pyramids, Celtic Green Men, images of Jerusalem and of Moses, engrailed Crosses, and Squares and Compasses abound, along with images depicting Maize and Aloe, chiseled fifty years before Columbus’s famous voyages. These are said to confirm speculation that Sir William’s grandfather, Prince Henry St. Clair, also known as Henry the Navigator, may have reached the New World one hundred years earlier, naming it Novae Scotiae, or New Scotland. It is a testament to days past, a library carved in stone ciphers, an attempt to impart arcane knowledge in something more durable that paper; knowledge hidden in plain sight, to be understood only by those with the intellect to decode it. Even its name “Rosslyn” is significant; the two syllables “Ross” and “Lyn” are Gaelic in origin, “Ross” denotes “ancient knowledge” and “Lyn” meaning “down the ages”. Many claims, superstitions, and theories add to the aura of mystery and intrigue surrounding Rosslyn Chapel. Part of this mystique arises from the known associations of the St. Clair family of Scotland with the Templar and Masonic orders.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Freemasons from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia Jump To: Navigation , Search
    List of Freemasons From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search Part of a series on Masonic youth organizations Freemasonry DeMolay • A.J.E.F. • Job's Daughters International Order of the Rainbow for Girls Core articles Views of Masonry Freemasonry • Grand Lodge • Masonic • Lodge • Anti-Masonry • Anti-Masonic Party • Masonic Lodge Officers • Grand Master • Prince Hall Anti-Freemason Exhibition • Freemasonry • Regular Masonic jurisdictions • Opposition to Freemasonry within • Christianity • Continental Freemasonry Suppression of Freemasonry • History Masonic conspiracy theories • History of Freemasonry • Liberté chérie • Papal ban of Freemasonry • Taxil hoax • Masonic manuscripts • People and places Masonic bodies Masonic Temple • James Anderson • Masonic Albert Mackey • Albert Pike • Prince Hall • Masonic bodies • York Rite • Order of Mark Master John the Evangelist • John the Baptist • Masons • Holy Royal Arch • Royal Arch Masonry • William Schaw • Elizabeth Aldworth • List of Cryptic Masonry • Knights Templar • Red Cross of Freemasons • Lodge Mother Kilwinning • Constantine • Freemasons' Hall, London • House of the Temple • Scottish Rite • Knight Kadosh • The Shrine • Royal Solomon's Temple • Detroit Masonic Temple • List of Order of Jesters • Tall Cedars of Lebanon • The Grotto • Masonic buildings Societas Rosicruciana • Grand College of Rites • Other related articles Swedish Rite • Order of St. Thomas of Acon • Royal Great Architect of the Universe • Square and Compasses Order of Scotland • Order of Knight Masons • Research • Pigpen cipher • Lodge • Corks Eye of Providence • Hiram Abiff • Masonic groups for women Sprig of Acacia • Masonic Landmarks • Women and Freemasonry • Order of the Amaranth • Pike's Morals and Dogma • Propaganda Due • Dermott's Order of the Eastern Star • Co-Freemasonry • DeMolay • Ahiman Rezon • A.J.E.F.
    [Show full text]
  • Heredom, Volumes 1–26, 1992–2018 Prepared by S
    Combined Index Heredom, Volumes 1–26, 1992–2018 Prepared by S. Brent Morris, 33°, G\C\ Numbers 29°. See Kt of St Andrew Sprengseysen (1788) 9:259 1°. See Entered Apprentice Degree 30°. See Kt Kadosh Abi, Abif, Abiff. See Hiram Abif. 2°. See Fellow Craft Degree 31°. See Inspector Inquisitor Abiathar, priest of Israel 25:448, 450, 3°. See Master Mason Degree 32°. See Master of the Royal Secret 456 4°. See Secret Master Degree 33°. See Inspector General, 33° Abiram (Abhiram, Abyram), password, 5°. See Perfect Master Degree (Sacred 43°, Sup Coun. See Forty-third Degree, Elect of Pérignan 2:93 Fire, NMJ) Sup Coun Abiram (Abhiram, Abyram, Akirop), 6°. See Confidential Secretary Degree assassin of Hiram Abif 1:69; (Master of the Brazen Serpent, A 72–74; 2:90, 92, 95n5; 3:38, 43, 45; NMJ) A and G, letters, interlaced 3:29, 33, 36; 4:113, 118; 6:153, 164; 25:492; 26:230, 7°. See Provost and Judge Degree 26:251 232. See also “Masonic Assassina- 8°. See Intendant of the Building Degree “A’ The Airts The Wind Can Blaw, Of,” tion of Akirop” (David and Solomon, NMJ) R. Burns 26:62 assassination of by Joabert 12:58, 60 9°. See Élu of the Nine Degree (Master Aachen Cathedral, Eye of Providence killed in cave under burning bush of the Temple, NMJ) 20:187 3:40 10,000 Famous Freemasons, W. Denslow AAONMS. See Shriners meaning and variations of name (1957) 23:115 Aaron (brother of Moses) 1:79n; 2:95n5; 3:46; 4:119 10°.
    [Show full text]
  • Data Protection Notice of the United Grand Lodge of England and Supreme Grand Chapter
    Data Protection Notice of the United Grand Lodge of England and Supreme Grand Chapter UNITED GRAND LODGE SUPREME GRAND CHAPTER OF ENGLAND OF ENGLAND Your data Section I sets out how your data will be used if you apply for initiation, exaltation, joining or re-joining a Lodge or Chapter. Section II sets out how your data will be used if you are a Freemason. Section III sets out how your data may be used by Masonic charities if you are a Freemason. Section IV provides more detail about how data about any criminal convictions will be used if applicable. Section V provides more detail about how your data will be stored for archive purposes in the public interest and for historical research. Section VI provides more detail about how your data may be used to send the magazine Freemasonry Today to you if you are a Freemason. Section VII sets out how your data may be used if you choose to communicate with, volunteer for, serve on the committees of, visit or work for the United Grand Lodge of England or Supreme Grand Chapter of Royal Arch Masons of England at Freemasons’ Hall. Section VIII contains some definitions for terms used in this notice. If you have any questions about this notice then please contact [email protected]. I. Application for initiation, exaltation, joining or re-joining As a candidate, you consent to the processing, retention and sharing of your personal data submitted on or with your application, including details of criminal convictions if applicable, for the purpose of assessing your membership application and any other Masonic applications you may make.
    [Show full text]
  • Freemasonry Per Se
    World Conspiracy 81 SYMBOLS Chapter 12 1. Why do freemasons use the satanic pentagram? From the Greek, "pente", meaning five and "gramma", a letter; the pentagram is a five pointed figure formed by producing the sides of a pentagon both ways to their point of intersection, so as to form a five-pointed star. It has no specifically satanic origin or meaning and no connection to Freemasonry per se . Freemasonry has traditionally been associated with Pythagoras, and among Pythagoreans, the pentagram was a symbol of health and knowledge; the pentagram is consequently associated with initiation, as it is in masonic iconography. The pentagram (also called pentacle, pentalpha, pentacle, pentagle, or pentangle) is thought by some occultists to trace its esoteric significance to an astronomical observance of the pattern of Venus ' conjunctions with the Sun and has had many meanings in many cultures through the ages. It is only from the fact that it forms the outlines of the five-pointed star to represent the "Five Points of Fellowship", and that it was associated with Pythagoras, that it has any masonic significance. Although the pentagram can be seen as a representation of the golden ratio , whether this was part of Freemasonry’s alleged "secret teachings" or is simply a modern interpolation is a topic of some controversy. The pentagram has no relationship to the Blazing Star, which has no specified number of points. The use of a pentagram or five-pointed star in some Grand Lodge seals and banners as well as on the collar of office worn by the Masters of lodges and Grand Masters of Grand Lodges is of interest to students of masonic history and art.
    [Show full text]
  • Fishing and Freemasonry CONTRIBUTORS Volume 41, Number Two in This Issue Message from the 3 Sovereign Grand Commander 14 32° Masonic Learning Centers Robert A
    Vol. 41 No. 2 MAY 2010 Reflections on Fishing and Freemasonry CONTRIBUTORS Volume 41, Number Two In This Issue Message from the 3 Sovereign Grand Commander 14 32° Masonic Learning Centers Robert A. Domingue is Jeffrey L. Kuntz, 32°, is a Thomas W. Jackson, Allan J. Ferguson, 32°, is Word Math secretary for St. Matthew’s member of the Valley of 33°, was formerly Grand a member of the Valley of 14 Lodge, Andover, MA, and Williamsport. He has Secretary for the Grand Syracuse. Bro. Ferguson is editor of The Philatelic published several articles Lodge of Pennsylvania. He a semi-retired minister Notes from the Freemason. on music, both nationally is Executive Secretary for who lives within a two- Scottish Rite Journal and internationally. the World Conference of hour drive of New York 18 Masonic Grand Lodges. state's best freshwater fishing areas. 19 Brothers on the Net Other Contributors: Jeff Croteau, manager of library and archives at the Van Gorden-Williams Library. Leigh E. Morris, 33°, works in corporate 20 Scottish Rite Charities communications for a major utility company. He is a member of the Valleys of Milwaukee and Springfield. Aimee E. Newell, Ph.D., is the director of collections at the National Heritage Museum, located at Supreme Council headquarters in Lexington, 21 The Stamp Act MA. Steven R. Pekock, 32°, is director of development for the Supreme Council, AASR, NMJ, USA. 22 Book Nook FEATURED ARTICLES 24 HealthWise 25 Bro. Rice Honored 26 Views from the Past The Mysterious Cerneau 27 Quotables Who Is He and What Did He Do 4 By Aimee E.
    [Show full text]
  • The Library & Museum of Freemasonry
    Candlesticks, date, from Kenning Masonic ceramics, dated 1858 to 1939, 1930’s candlesticks supplied by Kenning by William Henry Goss of Stoke on Trent When Queen Victoria came to the throne in 1837 there were about 500 Masonic lodges in the British Empire. By the time she died in 1901, there were nearly 2,000. All these new lodges needed equipment and all the new members needed their ceremonial costumes so these years also saw the development of specialist retailers who adopted modern marketing techniques to reach their audience. ‘The Masonic Emporium’ exhibition at the Library and Museum of Freemasonry in Freemasons’ Hall in London’s Covent Garden explores the development of this market, telling the story of its suppliers and customers. It runs from Thursday 1 July to Thursday 23 December 2010 and is free of charge to all visitors. Cont’d… LIBRARY & MUSEUM OF FREEMASONRY Registered charity number 1058497 Freemasons’ Hall, Great Queen Street Covent Garden, London WC2B 5AZ Telephone: +44 (0)20 7395 9257 www.freemasonry.london.museum One such supplier was George Kenning. The son of an East End oyster seller, Kenning realised the potential of the market: he not only manufactured the costumes, but sold a range of products from his shops across Britain. He set up a mail order business which operated across the British Empire and was keen to develop new markets in the USA. He became a media magnate and advertised in his own widely read newspaper: The Freemason. He even extended the brand by becoming closely involved in developing new Masonic orders all of which needed special costumes and props.
    [Show full text]
  • Mark Coleman Wallace Phd Thesis
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by St Andrews Research Repository >0;??6>5 3=228/>;9=B &+'*"&,&%- <=;4=2>>! <;A2=! /91 <;76?60> 8CRL 0PMGNCO ACMMCEG / ?JGSKS >UDNKTTGF HPR TJG 1GIRGG PH <J1 CT TJG @OKVGRSKTY PH >T# /OFRGWS '%%+ 3UMM NGTCFCTC HPR TJKS KTGN KS CVCKMCDMG KO =GSGCREJ.>T/OFRGWS-3UMM?GXT CT- JTTQ-$$RGSGCREJ"RGQPSKTPRY#ST"COFRGWS#CE#UL$ <MGCSG USG TJKS KFGOTKHKGR TP EKTG PR MKOL TP TJKS KTGN- JTTQ-$$JFM#JCOFMG#OGT$&%%'($(') ?JKS KTGN KS QRPTGETGF DY PRKIKOCM EPQYRKIJT SCOTTISH FREEMASONRY 1725-1810: PROGRESS, POWER, AND POLITICS MARK COLEMAN WALLACE Thesis submitted for the degree of Ph.D. University of St Andrews, 10 April 2007 For Uncle Dennis ii Declarations (i) I, Mark Coleman Wallace, hereby certify that this thesis, which is approximately 80,000 words in length, has been written by me, that it is the record of work carried out by me and that it has not been submitted in any previous application for a higher degree. Date………………. Signature of candidate…………………….. (ii) I was admitted as a research student in September 2001 and as a candidate for the degree of Ph.D. in September 2002; the higher study for which this is a record was carried out in the University of St Andrews between 2001 and 2006. Date………………. Signature of candidate…………………….. (iii) I hereby certify that the candidate has fulfilled the conditions of the Resolution and Regulations appropriate for the degree of Ph.D. in the University of St Andrews and that the candidate is qualified to submit this thesis in application for that degree.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hallstone Jewel
    A LIBRARY AND MUSEUM OF FREEMASONRY INFORMATION SHEET THE HALLSTONE JEWEL In 1919, after the First World War Grand Lodge decided, in response to a suggestion from the M.W. The Grand Master, H.R.H. The Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, to embark on the building of a new headquarters for the English Craft as a memorial to the many brethren who had given their lives during the War. For this purpose a special committee was set up in 1920 and an appeal made to every member of the Constitution for contributions to the fund which, from the target set, came to be known as the Masonic Million Memorial Fund. Contributions to this Fund were to be entirely voluntary and were to be recognised by special commemorative jewels. These were of three types for the three categories of subscribers, of the same basic design but of different sizes and precious metals (the sizes given below are the diameter of the encircling wreath). Examples of all these jewels are on display in the museum: (i) A medal (35.0mm) called the Masonic Million Memorial Fund Commemorative Jewel on a dark blue ribbon, to be worn as a personal breast jewel by any member of a lodge under the English Constitution subscribing to the Fund: ten guineas or more, a silver medal; one hundred guineas or more, a gold medal. Some 53,224 individual jewels were issued. (ii) A medal (42.0mm) in gold on a light blue collarette to be worn by successive Masters of lodges contributing an average of ten guineas per member, such lodges to be known as Hall Stone Lodges (thus giving the jewel its name).
    [Show full text]