The Three Great Lights By WBro. Wayne Spring Beacon Court Lodge 1967 – IPM and Lodge Mentor Pentangle Lodge 1174 - JD East Kent Masters Lodge 3931 - Steward Norman Chapter 3502 – Principal Sojourner Word count: 1,540 THE THREE GREAT LIGHTS The Three Great Lights the fundamental objects in Freemasonry. To the uninitiated this bears no meaning; to a brother a way of life. Their importance is highlighted when the Worshipful Master directs attention to the Three Great Lights in Freemasonry, the VSL, The Square and the Compasses. The most important of these is the Volume of the Sacred Law1,2 an indispensable part of the Lodge. The open Bible signifies that we should regulate our conduct according to it. The teachings are to rule and guide our faith, a symbol of man's acknowledgment of his relationship to Deity. Upon the formation of the United Grand Lodge of England, the first ‘Constitution’ detailed the important relationship in the ‘Aims and Relations of the Craft’3. Without familiarisation to the BoC4, a brother understands the importance of the VSL from the ritual. A newly made brother is not presented a copy of the BoC until the end of the initiation degree. During the ceremony he will be informed that “It teaches us the important duties we owe to God, to our neighbour and to ourselves.5” The candidate is informed that it is the unerring standard of Truth and Justice and that it is to rule and govern our faith. 1 Hereinafter referred to as the VSL. 2 No matter what religion 3 The first condition of admission into, and membership of, the Order is belief in the Supreme Being; the Bible, the Volume of the Sacred Law, is always open in Lodges. Every candidate is required to take his obligation on that book or the Volume that is held by his particular creed to impart sanctity to an oath or promise taken upon it - Book of Constitutions – Aims and Relationship of the Craft – accepted by the Grand Lodge, September 7, 1949 – paragraphs 3 & 4. 4 Hereinafter referred to as the BoC. 5 First Degree Charge – normally orated by the Junior Warden. The original Grand Lodge of England was formed in 17176 in London. In 1751 a second Grand Lodge was also established7,8. The Moderns regarded these as the furniture of the Lodge. To the Ancients these three emblems were known as the Three Great Lights9. When the two Grand Lodges were united in 1813 and the Lodge of Reconciliation revised the ritual10, both Grand Lodges agreed that the three emblems would be referred to as the Three Great Lights as well as the furniture of the Lodge11. The Volume of the Sacred Law / Bible Our oldest Masonic documents make no reference to the Bible, possibly because no part of the Bible was printed in English prior to 152512, and the first complete Bible in English was not printed until 153513. At this point in history a Bible was rarely found outside a Church. The term VSL first appeared in the Old Charges in the Grand Lodge No 1 Manual Script of 158314 as an essential part of the equipment of the operative Lodge. It is the Greatest of the three Great Lights. It is considered that it pours forth light from the East across the Lodge. But what is ‘Light’? Masonically speaking ‘Light’ means knowledge. 6 On 24 June 1717 four London Lodges, which had existed for some time, came together at the Goose and Gridiron Tavern in St Paul’s Churchyard, declared themselves a Grand Lodge and elected Anthony Sayer as their Grand Master. This was the first Grand Lodge in the world. Taken from the UGLE web-site – history of freemasonry 7 A rival Grand Lodge appeared in London. Its original members were Irish Masons who claimed that the original Grand Lodge had made innovations. 8 The older Grand Lodge came to be known as the Moderns, the latter the Ancients. 9 Information gathered from a lecture delivered by WBro. Mike Neville (Province of Sussex). 10 It also revised the regalia worn by Freemasons. 11 Whilst the same implements they would have different symbolism attached to them. 12 William Tyndale – Tyndale’s New Testament became the first printed edition of the scripture in the English language. 13Myles Coverdale (who worked alongside William Tyndale) completed the translation of the Old Testament following the death of Tyndale and printed the first full English translation on the 4 October 1535. 14 Masonic Lodge of Education – www.masonic-lodge-of-education.com The VSL records the Will of God. From this book the teachings are conveyed and no more are these teachings conferred but in the first degree charge. It symbolises Trust, Justice and the way in which Masons conduct their lives by the divine precepts contained. For hundreds of years Freemasons have applied its teachings. The Square The Square is prominent throughout the rituals and ceremonies of Freemasonry and is the second of the Great Lights. It is normal for this implement to be displayed with the compasses15. During the initiation ceremony, the candidate is informed that the Square should remind him of his conduct in life16. The importance of the Square cannot be understated it is the emblem that is associated to the Master of the Lodge, “being the implement which forms the rude and proves the perfect mass, is well applied by Master Masons to inculcate the purest principles of piety and virtue. Masonically speaking, it should be the guide of all your actions17”. The Square is also identified as one of the Working Tools of the Fellowcraft Mason. From time immemorial the Square has represented right and honesty. For Freemasons, the Square represents morality. Alongside the VSL it reminds Freemasons that God provides 15 Debate has raged as to whether the term is ‘compass’ or ‘compasses’. VW.Bro.I.J. Nathan G.L. - The Waikato Lodge of Research, No. 445 A.F. & A.M. New Zealand. See also The UGLE Book of Constitution - BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR GRAND LODGE RECOGNITION - Accepted by the Grand Lodge, September 4, 1929 item 6 states that the Great Lights are the VSL, Square and Compasses. Therefore the author will refer to the Compasses as such. The debate on the term is outside the scope of this paper. 16 See First Degree Charge (To your neighbour, by acting with him on the square…..) also see the Inner Workings, (The Square will teach you to regulate your life and actions according to the Masonic line and rule). 17 Inner Workings of a Board of Installed Masters. instruction to man to develop his moral and spiritual character, while the Square reminds us that we must constantly test our behaviour by the Square. It is difficult to explain to non- masons though the recent initiative released by the United Grand Lodge of England18 to try and dispel the myths and conspiracy surrounding Masonry is about explaining what Freemasonry does in ‘making good men better’. Freemasonry is not just about regurgitating ritual in our ceremonies, it is more than that and something that we should never forget. It is a way of life; allowing the mason to act by the moral and ethical code set out in ritual. Within each of us we have our own Square – essentially our conscience. We apply this in every thought, word or deed. The Compasses The third of the Great Lights is the Compasses. The Compasses are there to educate Masons in the duty we owe to ourselves. We are taught that we must keep our desires within due bounds, self-reverence and control. Without such a restraint on our mind / deeds it could lead our lives to chaos. The restraint is needed to ensure that there is a balance between our relationship with God, our neighbour and ourselves. The Compasses also act as a conduit for the mind. We hear the term ‘daily advancement in Masonic knowledge’ and this implement aids in this. Through the three degrees the position of the compasses is changing which represents the knowledge that is shed on each brother through Masonry, enabling him to ascertain greater understanding. In the first degree both points of the compasses are hid beneath the square. This demonstrates that during this stage 18 VW.Bro. Nigel Brown – Grand Secretary of UGLE – press releases in March 2012 and the ‘openness of Freemasonry’. he has no ‘knowledge’ and is ‘born’ into the understanding of Masonry19. In the second degree a point is disclosed, which symbolically means that the brother has gained some knowledge but is yet to be fully ‘educated’ in Masonry20. It is not until the third degree that the brother is shown both points of the compasses alluding to the completion of the circle; in the allegorical sphere of the Craft this demonstrates that the brother has gained sufficient knowledge of the stages of life to undertake life according to the divine practices of the three Great Lights. Summary The Great Lights are therefore a vital part of Freemasonry today as they were yesterday and for our future. They symbolise how we should regulate our life and actions, it could be deemed a philosophy in which to live. It is a way of life and by following the simple yet important guidance laid out before every Lodge and accordingly every Freemason we can improve ourselves and that way maintain our altruistic devotions which is admired in Masons. 19 Represented by the rough ashlar. 20 Represented by the smooth ashlar. The Fellowcraft Mason in this degree has shown the desire to gain more light – a greater knowledge and understanding of Masonry.