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Perspectives of Gender in Barbados Astrid Ellie Hurley Florida International University, [email protected]

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Perspectives of Gender in Barbados Astrid Ellie Hurley Florida International University, Aelli004@Fiu.Edu Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School 11-1-2011 Filtering the International Gender Paradigm: Perspectives of Gender in Barbados Astrid Ellie Hurley Florida International University, [email protected] DOI: 10.25148/etd.FI11120212 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Ellie Hurley, Astrid, "Filtering the International Gender Paradigm: Perspectives of Gender in Barbados" (2011). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 546. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/546 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, Florida FILTERING THE INTERNATIONAL GENDER PARADIGM: PERSPECTIVES OF GENDER IN BARBADOS A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS by Astrid Soyini Natasha Ellie Hurley 2011 To: Dean Kenneth Furton College of Arts and Sciences This dissertation, written by Astrid Soyini Natasha Ellie Hurley, and entitled Filtering the International Gender Paradigm: Perspectives of Gender in Barbados, having been approved in respect to style and intellectual content, is referred to you for judgment. We have read this dissertation and recommend that it be approved. ______________________________________ Clair Apodaca ______________________________________ Chantalle Verna ______________________________________ Gail Hollander, Co-Major Professor ______________________________________ Patricia Price, Co-Major Professor Date of Defense: November 1, 2011 The dissertation of Astrid Soyini Natasha Ellie Hurley is approved. ______________________________________ Dean Kenneth Furton College of Arts and Sciences ______________________________________ Dean Lakshmi N. Reddi University Graduate School Florida International University, 2011 ii © Copyright 2011 by Astrid Soyini Natasha Ellie Hurley All rights reserved iii DEDICATION I dedicate this dissertation to my little brother, Dwight, the inspiration behind pursuing a PhD, and to my daughter, Jenesis, the new beginning that emboldened me to finish it. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS As a spiritual person, I give thanks first for my intellectual talents, and for the opportunities afforded me to hone the skills necessary to apply those talents in a meaningful way. I give thanks for the funding received from Florida International University (FIU), in the form of Graduate Assistantships and scholarships, which made my PhD pursuit possible. I am thankful also for the depth and scope of my educational experience at FIU. I give thanks for the inspiration and direction given me by the professors with whom I have had the pleasure to work in pursuit of my degree. Thank you, Dr. Ken Boodhoo for showing me that it was okay to “stay close to home” in my area of specialization. Thank you, Dr. Gail Hollander for showing me that it was okay to be guided by my heart and, in this way, inspiring the focus of my work. Thank you, Dr. Patricia Price, for “stoking the fire” on those many occasions when I was running out of steam, and for being such an excellent model of scholarly professionalism. Thank you, Dr. Chantalle Verna and Dr. Clair Apodaca for agreeing to come on board in the race for the finish and exercising the flexibility that you did. I give thanks for the love and support of my family, without whom this dissertation would still be a fleeting thought. Thanks to my dad, Tony, for the head start. Thanks to my sister, Sophia, my mum, Marcilene, my uncle, Devere, and my “El Paso parents,” Carolyn and Curtis, for the financial and emotional support. Thanks also to my loving husband, Roderick, for his time, positive energy and editorial assistance that helped me to make it to the end. v ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION FILTERING THE INTERNATIONAL GENDER PARADIGM: PERSPECTIVES OF GENDER IN BARBADOS by Astrid Soyini Natasha Ellie Hurley Florida International University, 2011 Miami, Florida Professor Gail Hollander and Professor Patricia Price, Co-major Professors My work presents a place-specific analysis of how gender paradigms interact across and within spatial scales: the global, the regional, the national and the personal. It briefly outlines the concepts and measures defining the international gender paradigm, and explores the filtration of this paradigm into assessments and understandings of gender and gender dynamics by and within Barbados. It does this by analyzing the contents of reports of the Barbados government to international bodies assessing the country’s performance in the area of gender equality, and by analyzing gender- comparative content of local print news media over the decade of the 1990s, and the first decade of the 2000s. It contextualizes the discussion within the realm of social and economic development. The work shows how the almost singular focus on “women” in the international gender paradigm may depreciate valid gender concerns of men and thus hinder the overall goal of achieving gender equality, that is, achieving just, inclusive societies. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE PREFACE ........................................................................................................................... 1 My Experience with Gender ........................................................................................... 2 Because I Am a Girl, I Was Favored ........................................................................... 2 Because I Am a Girl, Education Was Paramount ........................................................ 4 “Men Ent Nuh Use!?”.................................................................................................. 5 Because I Am a Girl, I Felt Free ................................................................................. 7 Marginal Males? .......................................................................................................... 8 Significance of the Work: Filtering the International Gender Paradigm ........................ 9 Presenting the Barbados Case: Structure of the Work .................................................. 11 I. GENDER PARADIGMS: THE INTERNATIONAL STANDARD AND THE CARIBBEAN CHALLENGE .......................................................................................... 14 The International Paradigm: A Brief Historical Overview ........................................... 14 Women in Development ............................................................................................ 15 A Shift to Gender Relations? ..................................................................................... 16 Monitoring Implementation of the International Paradigm: International Instruments and Statistical Measures ................................................................................................ 17 Gender Defined ............................................................................................................. 23 Challenging the Paradigm: The Caribbean Debate ....................................................... 24 Understanding the Gaps: The Need for Further Exploration ........................................ 30 II. IMPLEMENTING THE GENDER PARADIGM: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT IN BARBADOS................................................................................................................ 32 A Brief Economic Profile .............................................................................................. 33 A Brief Demographic Profile ........................................................................................ 34 Human Development ..................................................................................................... 35 Gender and Development .............................................................................................. 37 International Commitments and Domestic Action ........................................................ 43 Social Status and Gender Policy in Barbados ........................................................... 48 Protection under the Law ........................................................................................... 54 Gender Policy and Education .................................................................................... 55 Gender, Employment and Wages .............................................................................. 56 Gender Policy and Political Participation .................................................................. 57 Conclusion: The Barbadian State and the International Gender Paradigm ................... 59 III. PERSPECTIVES OF GENDER IN BARBADOS ..................................................... 64 Sourcing Public Perspectives: Mining the Media ......................................................... 64 Perspectives on Feminism and the Women’s Movement ............................................. 68 Perspectives of Gender and Society in Barbados .......................................................... 69 Perspectives of Gender and Education in Barbados ...................................................... 86 Perspectives of Gender and Employment in Barbados ................................................. 91 vii Perspectives of Gender and Policy in Barbados
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