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Amnwr 2019/06 Surveys of Ledge-Nesting Seabirds At AMNWR 2019/06 SURVEYS OF LEDGE-NESTING SEABIRDS AT SELECTED SITES IN THE NORTHERN BERING SEA AND EASTERN CHUKCHI SEA, JULY-AUGUST 2018 Donald E. Dragoo, Marianne Aplin, Aaron Christ, Heather M. Renner, Nora A. Rojek, Jeffrey C. Williams, and Kara Zwickey Key Words: Alaska, Bering Sea, black-legged kittiwake, Bluff, Cape Lewis, Cape Lisburne, Cape Thompson, Chamisso Island, Chukchi Sea, common murre, Kotzebue Sound, Norton Sound, pelagic cormorant, Phalacrocorax pelagicus, populations, productivity, Rissa tridactyla, seabirds, Sledge Island, thick-billed murre, Topkok Head, Uria aalge, Uria lomvia, wildlife U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge 95 Sterling Hwy, Suite 1 Homer, Alaska, USA 99603-7472 September 2019 Cite as: Dragoo, D. E., M. Aplin, A. Christ, H. M. Renner, N. A. Rojek, J. C. Williams, and K. Zwickey. 2019. Surveys of ledge-nesting seabirds at selected sites in the northern Bering Sea and eastern Chukchi Sea, July-August 2018. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Rep., AMNWR 2019/06. Homer, Alaska. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................... 1 STUDY AREA ............................................................................................................................................... 1 METHODS ................................................................................................................................................... 2 Cruise itinerary ........................................................................................................................................ 3 INTERESTING OBSERVATIONS ................................................................................................................ 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................................. 6 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................................. 6 MAPS ........................................................................................................................................................... 8 FIGURES AND TABLES ............................................................................................................................. 10 Land-based index plots ........................................................................................................................ 11 Common and thick-billed murres ................................................................................................... 11 Black-legged kittiwakes .................................................................................................................. 20 Black-legged kittiwake nests .......................................................................................................... 29 Boat-based index plots ......................................................................................................................... 32 Common and thick-billed murres ................................................................................................... 32 Black-legged kittiwakes .................................................................................................................. 36 Black-legged kittiwake nests .......................................................................................................... 40 Locations of index plots ........................................................................................................................ 44 Cape Thompson ............................................................................................................................. 44 Cape Lisburne ................................................................................................................................ 45 i INTRODUCTION The eastern Chukchi Sea supports two large seabird nesting colonies, at capes Lisburne and Thompson. Both of these colonies are part of the Chukchi Sea Unit of the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge (AMNWR). Research of the seabird communities in this area was first conducted in 1959-1961 as part of the environmental assessment of the Cape Thompson area for Project Chariot, a U.S. Atomic Energy Commission proposal to use nuclear devices to create a harbor in the lower Ogoturuk Creek valley (Swartz 1966). Seabird data have been collected regularly at Cape Lisburne and sporadically at other Chukchi colonies since, sometimes with long intervals between visits. In 2018, the AMNWR vessel R/V Tigˆlaxˆ voyaged through the northern Bering Sea and, for the first time in 30 years, into the eastern Chukchi Sea (Figure 1). The purpose of the cruise was to conduct biological monitoring at Cape Thompson and, if possible, other Refuge sites in the area (Figure 2). We also wanted to assess the condition of Cape Thompson seabird monitoring plots, some of which were originally established in 1959, to determine if present-day counts would be comparable to those from the past. No refuge crew had been to Cape Thompson since 1995. STUDY AREA Cape Thompson: The Cape Thompson seabird colonies are situated in the Cape Thompson Subunit, Chukchi Sea Unit of the AMNWR at about 68⁰08’ N, 166º21’ W, approximately 40 km southeast of Point Hope, Alaska. The seabird nesting area comprises five large cliff faces (Colonies 1-5). Swartz (1966) estimated that the Cape Thompson colonies contained about 420,000 birds total (~393,000 common and thick-billed murres, and ~30,000 black-legged kittiwakes). Cape Lisburne: The Cape Lisburne seabird colony is located in the Ann Stevens-Cape Lisburne Subunit, Chukchi Sea Unit of the AMNWR at about 68º52’ N, 166º05’ W, approximately 62 km northeast of Point Hope, Alaska. Nesting habitat consists of about 7 km of precipitous, nearly continuous 15-200 m-high sedimentary limestone and shale sea-cliffs that begin about 1 km south of Kay Creek and end approximately 1 km west of the Cape Lisburne U. S. Air Force Long Range Radar Site (LRRS) runway (Roseneau et al. 2000). Currently, the seabird colony is estimated to number about 400,000-500,000 murres (comprising about 25-30% common murres and 70-75% thick-billed murres), 20,000-30,000 black-legged kittiwakes, and a total of a few thousand pelagic cormorants (Phalacrocorax pelagicus), glaucous gulls (Larus hyperboreus), black guillemots (Cepphus grylle), parakeet auklets (Aethia psittacula), and horned and tufted puffins (Fratercula corniculata and F. cirrhata, respectively; Roseneau 2010 and Dragoo et al. 2017). Cape Lewis: Cape Lewis is in the Chukchi Sea Unit of the AMNWR, approximately 46 km northeast of Point Hope, Alaska, at about 68°43’ N, 166°11’ W. 1 Chamisso Island area: Chamisso and Puffin islands and the adjacent sea stacks are located in the Chukchi Sea Unit of the AMNWR, approximately 85 km southeast of Kotzebue, Alaska, at about 66°13’ N, 161°50’ W. The Chamisso Islands group is one of the oldest refuges in the system and was one of the first designated wilderness areas in the U. S. It was established as the Chamisso Island National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) by President William Howard Taft in 1912, designated as wilderness in 1975, and incorporated into AMNWR at its creation in 1980. The Chamisso Island group is estimated to contain more than 60% of the breeding seabirds in Kotzebue Sound (Nelson and Sowls 1985). Norton Sound: Norton Sound is located in the Bering Sea Unit of the AMNWR, at about 64° N, 164° W, near Nome, Alaska. There is a large seabird colony at Bluff that was studied periodically between 1975 and 2012. METHODS Personnel: The U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service crew consisted of Marianne Aplin, Aaron Christ, Don Dragoo, Heather Renner, Nora Rojek, Jeff Williams, and Kara Zwickey. R/V Tigˆlaxˆ crew: John Faris, Dan Puterbaugh, Eric Nelson, Andy Velsko, Marin Lee, and Morgan Stewart. Data Collection and Analysis: The methods used to collect and analyze seabird-related data followed the procedures described in Fadely et al. (1989), Roseneau et al. (2000), and Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge (2018) with the following exceptions: • Murre productivity was assessed by recording the number of birds that were either standing (obviously with no egg or chick), or in an incubating or brooding posture (indicating the possibility of the presence of an egg or chick). The total number of birds in incubating and brooding posture was then divided by the total number of birds whose posture was recorded to produce an estimate of the maximum productivity. It should be noted, however, that this is the maximum potential productivity and it’s likely that the actual value was lower since some of the murres exhibiting incubating or brooding postures may not have had young. • Kittiwake productivity was estimated by recording the number of nests that obviously were empty, the number of eggs or chicks present in nests, and the number of nests on which an adult kittiwake was sitting. Sitting birds prevented a determination of whether their nests contained eggs or chicks. The total number of birds with eggs or chicks plus the number of birds sitting was divided by the total number of nests whose status was recorded to produce an estimate of the maximum productivity. It should be noted, however, that this is the maximum potential productivity and it’s likely that the actual value was lower since some of the nests
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