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Cyclostome Bryozoans from the Zalas Quarry, Southern Poland

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Cyclostome Bryozoans from the Zalas Quarry, Southern Poland Callovian (Middle Jurassic) cyclostome bryozoans from the Zalas Quarry, southern Poland MICHA£ ZATOÑ, URSZULA HARA, PAUL D. TAYLOR & MICHA£ KROBICKI The specimen-rich and diverse bryozoan fauna from the Callovian hardground at Zalas Quarry in southern Poland is de- scribed. Twenty-two taxa of cyclostomes are recorded, of which three species are proposed as new: Microeciella calloviana, Reptomultisparsa viskovae and Mesonopora walteri. Due to preservational problems and an insufficient number of fertile colonies, species-level determination of fourteen forms was not possible. The most common bryozoans present are sheet-like bereniciform colonies, with uniserial runners and oligoserial ribbons less abundant. The number of the Callovian taxa present in the Zalas Quarry is very similar to the Upper Bathonian–Lower Callovian bryozoan assem- blage from the classic locality of Balin in southern Poland. Taking the strictly Callovian age into account, the Zalas as- semblage is the most diverse for that age ever noted. • Key words: Bryozoa, Cyclostomata, Callovian, Jurassic, Poland. ZATOŃ, M., HARA, U., TAYLOR, P.D. & KROBICKI, M. 2013. Callovian (Middle Jurassic) cyclostome bryozoans from the Zalas Quarry, southern Poland. Bulletin of Geosciences 88(4), 837–863 (19 figures). Czech Geological Survey, Prague. ISSN 1214-1119. Manuscript received July 8, 2013; accepted in revised form September 5, 2013; published on- line October 21, 2013; issued October 31, 2013. Michał Zatoń (corresponding author), University of Silesia, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Będzińska Street 60, PL-41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; [email protected] • Urszula Hara, Polish Geological Institute – National Research Institute, Rakowiecka 4, PL-00-975 Warszawa, Poland; [email protected] • Paul D. Taylor, Natural History Museum, De- partment of Earth Sciences, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom; [email protected] • Michał Krobicki, Polish Geological Institute – National Research Institute; Upper Silesian Branch, Królowej Jadwigi 1, PL-41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland, & AGH University of Science & Technology, Department of General Geology and Geotourism, al. Mickiewicza 30, PL-30-059 Kraków, Poland; [email protected], [email protected] The Middle Jurassic was a significant time in the evolutio- material described by Reuss from Balin was recently revised nary radiation of the cyclostome bryozoans, which reached by Taylor (2009), who described a total of twenty-three taxa, their maximum diversity for the Jurassic in the Bathonian among which eight were considered to be new. This study (Taylor & Larwood 1990, Jablonski et al. 1997, Taylor & emphasized the morphology of both the gonozooids and Ernst 2008). This peak is due mainly to the exceptional di- pseudopores as important taxonomic characters. Other stud- versity of cyclostomes in Calvados, northern France, parti- ies undertaken in the past few years on the Middle Jurassic cularly the sponge reef and hardground settings of the Cail- (Late Bajocian and Bathonian) cyclostomes of southern Po- lasse de la Basse Ecarde at St Aubin-sur-Mer, where 33 land have revealed the presence of twenty-nine species be- species were recorded by Walter (1970). Research on cyc- longing to nine genera (Zatoń & Taylor 2009, 2010). A few lostome bryozoans from other sites is needed to test whet- recent publications on younger faunas of cyclostomes from her the Bathonian diversity peak is a real phenomenon, or the Polish Upper Jurassic have enhanced our understanding merely reflects the exposure of suitable facies. Although of the systematics and distributional patterns of these bryo- published data on Jurassic cyclostome bryozoans is still zoans (see Hara 2007; Hara & Taylor 1996, 2009). scarce, recent progress towards understanding their diver- The current paper provides the first detailed systematic sity has been made in both North America (see Taylor & description of the Callovian cyclostome bryozoans from Wilson 1999) and central and eastern Europe (see Hara & the Zalas Quarry near Kraków in the southern Poland, de- Taylor 1996, 2009; Taylor 2009; Viskova 2006, 2007, scribing twenty-two taxa belonging to eleven genera. 2008, 2009; Zatoń & Taylor 2009, 2010). Palaeoecological factors are discussed (cf. Hara 2007), The cyclostome bryozoans of the Upper Bathon- such as the substrate type and colony growth-forms of the ian–Lower Callovian of southern Poland were first system- bryozoans that colonized hard, mostly organic shelly sub- atically studied in the 19th century by Reuss (see Reuss strates, often represented by shells of the limid bivalve 1867) from the deposits at the classic locality of Balin. The Ctenostreon proboscideum (Sowerby). DOI 10.3140/bull.geosci.1466 837 Bulletin of Geosciences Vol. 88, 4, 2013 As the Balin cyclostomes revised by Taylor (2009) Well-preserved uniserial (stomatoporids) and oligoserial come from condensed deposits of Late Bathonian–Early (Oncousoecia) colonies, as well as all bereniciform colo- Callovian and probably also earliest Middle Callovian age nies that were fertile (i.e., possessed gonozooids), were (Mangold et al. 1996), the new fauna described here not sawn off the shell substrate, cleaned ultrasonically, and only supplements this data, but also significantly enlarges examined in an uncoated state using a LEO 1455VP low our knowledge about cyclostome bryozoans of strictly vacuum scanning electron microscope housed at the Natu- Callovian age. ral History Museum in London (NHMUK), or a Philips XL 30 environmental scanning electron microscope housed at the Faculty of Earth Sciences in Sosnowiec, Poland. Ima- Material and methods ges were generated using back-scattered electrons (BSE detector). Material and its provenance. – The Callovian cyclostome It must be stressed that although ultrasonically cleaned, bryozoans were found encrusting various types of fossils many colonies were still coated by a ferruginous crust that (bivalve shells, belemnite rostra, cephalopod moulds) res- obscured some morphological details. Some bereniciform ting on the hardground surface located in the Zalas Quarry, colonies additionally had eroded gonozooids, which al- situated about 8 km south of Krzeszowice and 30 km west lowed generic identification but hampered species-level of Kraków in southern Poland (Fig. 1A, B). The hard- determination due to the lack of key features such as the ground developed on the top of sandy crinoidal limestones position, size and shape of the ooeciopore. of Lower Callovian age (koenigi and calloviense zones) In the present paper the term gonozooid is used for the during a period of non-deposition and associated chemical entire fertile zooid whereas brood chamber refers to its dis- and physical erosion. Features of the hardground are well tal, dilated part with a densely pseudoporous frontal wall in expressed in the presence of limonitic coatings and abun- which the embryos were actually brooded. dant encrusters and borers (Giżejewska & Wieczorek The specimens are housed at the Faculty of Earth Sci- 1976, Dembicz & Praszkier 2007, Zatoń et al. 2011). It is ences, Sosnowiec, with registration numbers prefaced by considered that the period of non-deposition during hard- GIUS 8-3589. ground formation spanned the Middle Callovian (jason and nearly all of the coronatum chrons, see Giżejewska & Wieczorek 1976) and part of the Late Callovian (Matyja Systematic palaeontology 2006, Dembicz & Praszkier 2007). Depressions in the top of the crinoidal limestone are also filled with a nodular de- Order Cyclostomata Busk, 1852 posit (a limestone with nodular structure, termed nodular Family Stomatoporidae Pergens & Meunier, 1886 limestones by Giżejewska & Wieczorek (1976), consisting of clasts and fossils with ferruginous coatings and encrus- Genus Stomatopora Bronn, 1825 tations, derived from the underlying crinoidal limestones. Their chemical corrosion and erosional truncation also in- Type species.–Alecto dichotoma Lamouroux, 1821, by dicate that they were redeposited (Giżejewska & Wieczo- monotypy. rek 1976, Dembicz & Praszkier 2007). The hardground and nodular limestones are overlain by an uppermost Callovian Stomatopora cf. dichotomoides (d’Orbigny, 1850) (lamberti Zone) stromatolitic layer (Giżejewska & Wiec- Figure 2A–C zorek 1976, Matyja 2006, Dembicz & Praszkier 2007). The entire Callovian section is a deepening-upwards sequence Material. – Many variably preserved colonies on several from clastic and carbonate-clastic to strictly pelagic carbo- bivalve shells (GIUS 8-3589). One colony, GIUS nates, and most probably originated in an open outer shelf 8-3589-Z10/1was selected for SEM. environment (cf. Matyja 2006). Although a variety of fossils are encrusted, most of the Description. – Colony encrusting, uniserial, the single bryozoans encrust shells of the large limid bivalve Cteno- scanned example consisting of five zooids forming a single streon proboscideum (Sowerby) (Fig. 1C, D), which also branch, not ramifying (Fig. 2A); branch curved near to the hosted other diverse and abundant encrusters and borings base of the third zooid, the three youngest zooids growing (see Zatoń et al. 2011 for details). The encrusted bivalves alongside a serpulid tube. Ancestrula long, about 400 μm were collected from the uppermost part of the crinoidal (including protoecium), bending by about 140° at mid- limestones – hardground surface. length. Protoecium a low dome, broad compared to proxi- mal part of ancestrular tube, about 130 μm in transverse Methods. – Each encrusted fossil was inspected
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