Mapping the Al Jazeera Phenomenon Twenty Years On

MAPPING THE AL JAZEERA PHENOMENON TWENTY YEARS ON MAPPING THE AL JAZEERA PHENOMENON TWENTY YEARS ON Editors Ezzeddine Abdelmoula. Noureddine Miladi First Edition: 1438 H - 2016 A.D. ISBN 978-614-01-9702-9 All rights reserved Dawha-Qatar Tel. (974) 4930181, 4930183, 4930218 Fax. (974) 4831346 Email: E-mail: [email protected] Reem Bldg., Sakiyat Al-Janzeer Street, Ain Al-Teenah, Beirut, Lebanon P.O.Box 13-5574 Shouran 1102-2050 Beirut Telefax 961(1) 785107, 785108, 786233 Email: [email protected] www.asp.com.lb Acknowledgement This volume would not have been possible without the dedication of our contributors coming from various parts of the world. Given the tight deadlines and busy schedules during the last few months it is a truly significant accomplishment to bring this work to its final stage ready for print. So we are grateful to all our authors for their commitment and contributions which have eventually come to fruition in this distinctive volume. The 20th anniversary of Al Jazeera’s life is a significant landmark in the history of this network which started with a single satellite TV channel and has now developed into a global media phenomenon. We hope that this momentous span of twenty years is faithfully recorded in this volume, providing a valuable source for researchers, academics, educators and policy makers. 5 Contents Introduction: Capturing the 20th Anniversary of Al Jazeera Phenomenon Ezzeddine Abdelmoula and Noureddine Miladi .............................................. 71 PART I: AL JAZEERA AND THE CHANGING ARAB MEDIA SCENE ..... 52 Al Jazeera as a Landmark for Arab Media Development .................................. 71 Ezzeddine Abdelmoula Perceptions of Al Jazeera: Pluralism, reception and the public sphere .............. 34 Jamel Zran Reporting news in a Turbulent World: Is Al Jazeera re-writing the rules of global journalism? ............................................................................................. 17 Noureddine Miladi News Reporting and the Politics of Representation: Al Jazeera’s Culture of Journalism ..................................................................................................... 17 Mohamed Zayani PART II: CHANGING MEDIA.. CHANGING POLITICS ............................. 99 Emancipation of the Media as a Means towards the Emancipation of the Arab Political Sphere ....................................................................................... 707 Yahya Yahyaoui Al Jazeera and the Arab Spring: What role and what impact? ......................... 774 Mongi Mabrouki PART III: AL JAZEERA IN ACADEMIC STUDIES .................................... 121 Al Jazeera in Academia ................................................................................... 754 Shawn Powers PART IV: AL JAZEERA: AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO PROFESSIONAL JOURNALISM .................................................................................................... 189 Professional Journalism? Aims, strategies and dilemmas in Al Jazeera English’s news production ............................................................................................... 717 Tine Ustad Figenschou Representation of Women and their Role in the Public Domain on Al Jazeera: Analysis of women’s programmes For Women Only and Pioneers ................ 777 Hasna Hussein The Epistemology of News Coverage of Arab Issues at Al Jazeera Channel .. 741 Mohamed Erraji 7 PART V: MAPPING AL JAZEERA’S GLOBAL AUDIENCE ..................... 562 Rise of Al Jazeera as a Global Media Player ................................................... 765 Mei Shigenobu Al-Jazeera and migratory audiences: Is satellite TV reshaping the space-time notions of identity and belonging ..................................................................... 787 Kamal Hamidou Al Jazeera’s reception in Australia .................................................................. 401 Scott Bridges PART VI: THE FUTURE OF AL JAZEERA AND THE ARAB MEDIA .... 221 The Future of Al Jazeera and Arab News Media ............................................. 444 Philip Seib A New Era of Public Broadcasting in the Arab World .................................... 431 Noha Mellor The Soft Power of Hybrid Media: Media Convergence and the “ Al Jazeera Effect” ............................................................................................ 461 Aziz Douai 8 Contributors Ezzeddine Abdelmoula (PhD) Ezzeddine Abdelmoula is Manager of Research at Al Jazeera Centre for Studies. He holds a PhD in politics from Exeter University, a Master of International politics from SOAS, London University, and a Master of political philosophy from La Sorbonne, Paris. He edited The Al Jazeera Decade (2006); Academic Research on Al Jazeera (2013). He contributed research papers and book chapters including: “Al-Jazeera & Televised Revolution” in The Routledge Handbook of the Arab Spring. His latest book Arab Democratization and the Rise of the Arab Public Sphere was published by Routledge in 2015. His research interest covers Arab media and politics, democracy and democratic transition, international politics, and social movements. Noureddine Miladi (PhD) Noureddine Miladi is Associate Professor in Media and Communication at Qatar University and is former Head of the Department of Mass Communication. He got a PhD in Media and Communication from the University of Westminster, in London, UK. Before joining Qatar University, he had taught Journalism and Mass Communication since 2001 in various UK universities. Dr Miladi has published widely in international refereed journals and books and he is Principal Editor of the Journal of Arab and Muslim Media Research. His research interests include: social media and social change, media and democracy, youth, identity and social media networks, media ethics, Al-Jazeera and the change in the global media flow and media and public opinion. 9 Jamel Zran (PhD) Jamel Zran is Associate professor in media and communication at Qatar University since September 2014. He taught previous in the Institute of Press and Journalism, University Manouba, Tunisia. Dr Zran holds a PhD in Communication from University of Paris 8. He served as Director of the Tunisian National Cultural Radio (2012), and head of the communication technologies research group in IPSI (2011-14). He published widely in the area of Arab media. Among his key research interests are: media ethics, political communication and media and social change. Mohamed Zayani (PhD) Mohamed Zayani is Professor of Critical Theory at the Georgetown University School of Foreign Service in Qatar where he directs the Media and Politics Program. He is also an Affiliate Faculty with the Georgetown Communication, Culture and Technology Graduate Program and co-director of the CCT Institute on Media, Technology & Digital Culture in the Middle East. His works include Bullets and Bulletins: Media and Politics in the Wake of the Arab Uprisings (2016); Networked Publics and Digital Contention (2015; winner of the ICA Global Communication and Social Change Best Book Award); The Culture of Al Jazeera: Inside an Arab Media Giant (2007); The Al Jazeera Phenomenon: Critical Perspectives on New Arab Media (2005); and Arab Satellite Television and Politics in the Middle East (2004). Yahyia Yahyaoui (PhD) Yahyia Yahyaoui is a visiting professor of communication at Mohamed V University in Morocco. He has written extensively on media, communication and democracy in Morocco and beyond. He got his PhD in Strategic Management of Organisations. Hi book on telecommunications and change received the «Great Book Award» in 01 Morocco (1996). Among his research interests are political economy of the media, globalisation and the media and communication and social change. He published research papers and books on Media and Communication. Mongi Mabrouki Mongi Mabrouki is Lecturer in communication and cultural studies at the High Institute of Arts, University of Sousse, Tunisia. He previously served as Director of the National Youth Radio and the National Tunisian Radio (2012-2014). He published numerous articles and research papers on Media and communication in Tunisia. Among his research interests: Al Jazeera and public opinion, media and democratic transition in Tunisia and the youth and new media. Shawn Powers (PhD) Shawn Powers heads the Center for Global Information Studies and is an Associate Professor in the Department of Communication at Georgia State University. Powers recently published The Real Cyber War: The Political Economy of Internet Freedom (University of Illinois Press) and routinely speaks to media, policymakers and international audiences on the geopolitics of information and technology policy. He co-leads a European Commission funded project, “Civic Approaches to Religious Conflict and Violence” and serves on the Board of Advisors for the State Department’s Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy. Previously, Powers has received fellowships from the London School of Economics, the University of Pennsylvania, Oxford University, and Central European University. Tine Ustad Figenschou (PhD) Tine Ustad Figenschou is an assistant professor at the Department for media and journalism, Oslo and Akershus University College, 00 University of Oslo. Her research interests include international news, mediated conflicts, media and marginalized groups, and mediatization processes. Figenschou has a journalistic background and is currently teaching journalism and media theory. She is the author of Al Jazeera and the

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