DOCSLIB.ORG

Upper Swannanoa Watershed

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Upper Swannanoa Watershed This page intentionally left blank. This Page Intentionally Left Blank. Table of Contents UPage 37TAcknowledgements37T .............................................................................................................................. iv 37TKey to Acronyms and Abbreviations37T ...................................................................................................... v 37TNorth Carolina 9-Element Plan Checklist37T ............................................................................................. vii 37TExecutive summary37T ............................................................................................................................... 1 37TIntroduction37T ........................................................................................................................................... 5 37TBackground and History37T ..................................................................................................................... 5 37TWhy is the Upper Swannanoa River Impaired?37T ................................................................................... 9 37TWhy Care?37T .......................................................................................................................................... 9 37TEnvironmental Factors37T ................................................................................................................... 9 37TEconomic Factors37T ......................................................................................................................... 10 37TSocial Factors37T ............................................................................................................................... 11 37TWatershed Partners and the Planning Process37T ................................................................................. 11 37TPrevious Planning Efforts37T ............................................................................................................. 11 37TStakeholder and Public Inputs37T ...................................................................................................... 13 37TWatershed Characterization37T ................................................................................................................ 15 37TGeographic Location and Attributes37T ................................................................................................ 15 37TGeography37T ................................................................................................................................... 15 37TGeology37T ....................................................................................................................................... 15 37TClimate37T ........................................................................................................................................ 15 37TPopulation and Land Use Characteristics37T ......................................................................................... 16 37TPopulation37T ................................................................................................................................... 16 37TLand Use37T ...................................................................................................................................... 16 37TNatural Resources37T ............................................................................................................................ 18 37TProtected Lands37T ........................................................................................................................... 18 37TImportant Plant and Animal Species37T ............................................................................................ 18 37TEcology37T ............................................................................................................................................ 21 37TWater Quality37T .............................................................................................................................. 21 37TBenthic Communities37T ................................................................................................................... 24 37TFish Communities37T ........................................................................................................................ 25 37TPlanning Elements37T ............................................................................................................................... 27 37TElement A: Causes and Sources of Impairment37T ............................................................................... 27 37TElement B: Potential Projects and Management Measures37T ............................................................. 29 37TWatershed Management Goals37T .................................................................................................... 29 37TStormwater Impacts37T .................................................................................................................... 29 37TPotential Stormwater Control Projects37T ........................................................................................ 30 37TStormwater Control Management Measures37T ............................................................................... 51 37TPotential Stream Improvement Projects37T ...................................................................................... 59 37TStream Improvement Management Measures37T ............................................................................. 64 37TElement C: Estimates of Pollutant Load Reductions37T ........................................................................ 68 37TStormwater Control Measures37T ..................................................................................................... 68 37TStream Improvements37T ..................................................................................................................71 37TElement D: Technical and Financial Assistance Needs37T ..................................................................... 72 Upper Swannanoa River Watershed Plan i January 2016 Town of Black Mountain, N.C. 37TPartners37T ....................................................................................................................................... 72 37T 37T Technical Assistance .................................................................................................................... 73 37TManagement Measure Costs37T ........................................................................................................ 74 37T 37T Stream Improvement Costs ......................................................................................................... 76 37TFunding Sources37T ........................................................................................................................... 77 37T 37T Element E: Outreach and Education Strategy ................................................................................. 79 37TAction Plans37T ................................................................................................................................. 79 37T 37T Implementation Schedule and Accomplishments Tracking .......................................................... 84 37TElement F: Schedule for Implementation37T ........................................................................................ 87 37T 37T Stormwater Control Measures ..................................................................................................... 87 37TStream Improvement Projects37T ..................................................................................................... 89 37T 37T Element G: Measurable Milestones ................................................................................................. 91 37TElement H: Criteria of Pollutant Load Reduction Achievements37T ...................................................... 93 37T 37T Stormwater Control Measures ..................................................................................................... 93 37TStream Improvement Measures37T ................................................................................................... 93 37T 37T Element I: Watershed Monitoring Plan ............................................................................................ 94 37TWater Chemistry37T .......................................................................................................................... 94 37T 37T Ecological ..................................................................................................................................... 94 37TStewardship Monitoring37T .............................................................................................................. 95 37T 37T References ........................................................................................................................................... 97 37TAppendices37T ........................................................................................................................................ 103 37T 37T Appendix A. Stormwater Assessment ............................................................................................ 103 37TAppendix B. Riparian Area Assessment37T .......................................................................................... 105 List of Figures UPage 37T UFigure 1. Upper Swannanoa River Regional OverviewU37T
Load more

Recommended publications
  • French Broad River Basin Restoration Priorities 2009
    French Broad River Basin Restoration Priorities 2009 French Broad River Basin Restoration Priorities 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1 What is a River Basin Restoration Priority? 1 Criteria for Selecting a Targeted Local Watershed (TLW) 2 French Broad River Basin Overview 3 French Broad River Basin Restoration Goals 5 River Basin and TLW Map 7 Targeted Local Watershed Summary Table 8 Discussion of TLWs in the French Broad River Basin 10 2005 Targeted Local Watersheds Delisted in 2009 40 References 41 For More Information 42 Definitions 43 This document was updated by Andrea Leslie, western watershed planner. Cover Photo: French Broad River, Henderson County during 2004 flood after Hurricanes Frances and Ivan French Broad River Basin Restoration Priorities 2009 1 Introduction This document, prepared by the North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement Program (EEP), presents a description of Targeted Local Watersheds within the French Broad River Basin. This is an update of a document developed in 2005, the French Broad River Basin Watershed Restoration Plan. The 2005 plan selected twenty-nine watersheds to be targeted for stream, wetland and riparian buffer restoration and protection and watershed planning efforts. This plan retains twenty-seven of these original watersheds, plus presents an additional two Targeted Local Watersheds (TLWs) for the French Broad River Basin. Two 2005 TLWs (East Fork North Toe River and French Broad River and North Toe River/Bear Creek/Grassy Creek) were gardens, Mitchell County not re-targeted in this document due to a re-evaluation of local priorities. This document draws information from the detailed document, French Broad River Basinwide Water Quality Plan—April 2005, which was written by the NC Division of Water Quality (DWQ).
    [Show full text]
  • The North Fork Burnetts (Burnet) Who Were a Remarkable American Family Characterized As Strong fighters and Adventuresome Settlers
    UNCATEGORIZED Date: August 19, 2015Author: teeeagle 7 Comments an ancestral blog by Terrell Ledbetter . Revised January 17, 2019 If you see this blog copied onto another ancestral site, the person that did the copy/paste did so without permission and is in no way associated with this historical account. The Black Mountain range consisting of twenty 6000 feet mountains forming a “J”, stand majestically over a mostly wilderness land that is (for most purposes) preserved from settlement, hunting and rampant logging because it serves as the watershed for the City of Asheville, North Carolina. You have seen the valley with the large lake supplied by steep mountain streams in movies. One movies in particular showcases the valley— “The Last of the Mohicans.” There is a family story to this land which falls below Black Mountain Gap and Potato Knob on the Blue Ridge Parkway near Clingman’s Dome and Mt. Mitchell. The prominent family in this picture is the Burnett family of the North Fork of the Swannanoa River. Frederick McCloud Burnett (March 24, 1882‐February 4, 1961) published “This Was My Valley” in 1960, a year before his death. Fred M. Burnett was the great‐grandson of Frederick Thomas Burnett Sr. and the son of Marcus Lafayette (Fate) Burnett. He was former district supervisor of the Interstate Commerce Commission from which he retired in 1949 to live in Ridgecrest. The stories he portrayed had occurred as long as three generations before or about a hundred and sixty years. It is easy to understand why there would be confusion. Here in 2019, we have the benefit of census records, marriage and death certificates, land transaction records, copies of personal letters, grave markers, and many collaborating stories of past times.
    [Show full text]
  • Buncombe County Context the Communities Throughout Buncombe County Are Tain Vistas, Hike Numerous Trails, and Wheel Down As Diverse As Its Landscape
    Draft Plan for Public Review—August 2012 Chapter 2: Buncombe County Context The communities throughout Buncombe County are tain vistas, hike numerous trails, and wheel down as diverse as its landscape. Some sectors of the single track mountain bike trails that rank among County remain in a rural and natural state, with farm- the best in the United States. The area is also a lands and pasture abutting steep mountain grades. hub for artists and culinary endeavors. This com- Other areas have experienced rapid growth and, bined with the cultural influence of like-minded while not within city or town limits, have urban cen- residents who reside in Buncombe County and con- ters, neighborhoods and other commercial areas. The tribute to our active lifestyles, complement a cities and towns of Buncombe County—Asheville, Bilt- strong tourism-based economy and create a con- more Forest, Black Mountain, Montreat, Weaverville, text within Buncombe County that should help nat- and Woodfin—each have qualities that contribute to urally promote a stronger greenway culture. the overall feel of the County and the region. This chapter reflects the factors that contribute to Factors such as terrain, historic landmarks and prox- the uniqueness of communities across Buncombe imity to rivers and streams make each community County. It also profiles the feedback gathered dur- unique while adding to the challenges of realizing a ing the public meetings and stakeholder work- regionwide, inter-connected greenway system. The shops in 2011 and 2012. challenges faced in planning for and constructing There is an expectation among area stakeholders greenways and trails systems in Western North Caro- that Buncombe County, its municipal partners, non lina can be traced back to ancient eras when the -profits, land conservancies and other government Sunset over Lake Julian near the Arden community in network of streams and rivers carved valleys through- agencies will act as a unified voice to create a re- south Buncombe County.
    [Show full text]
  • Mount Mitchell State Park General Management Plan
    Mount Mitchell State Park General Management Plan North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources Division of Parks and Recreation Mountain Region February 2017 I. MISSION & PURPOSE MISSION STATEMENT: Conservation: To protect natural diversity of North Carolina through careful selection and stewardship of state parks system lands; Recreation: To provide and promote outdoor recreation opportunities in the state parks system and throughout the state; and Education: To encourage appreciation of North Carolina’s natural and cultural heritage through diverse educational opportunities; for all citizens of and visitors to the State of North Carolina. Our purpose: The State of North Carolina offers unique archaeologic, geologic, biologic, scenic and recreational resources. These resources are part of the heritage of the people of this State. The heritage of a people should be preserved and managed by those people for their use and for the use of their visitors and descendants. PARK PURPOSE: Concerned citizens, led by Governor Locke Craig, urged that Mount Mitchell be protected from the massive logging operations that had environmentally and aesthetically damaged much of the Black Mountain range. In response to this concern, the General Assembly in 1915 passed legislation authorizing the purchase of the summit, and a year later Mount Mitchell became North Carolina's first state park. The legislation cited altitude of Mount Mitchell, scenic beauty, and importance to water quality, recreational value, forest resources, and the threats to the mountain as justification for its purchase. Mount Mitchell offers scenic panoramas of mountain peaks, forests, clouds, rolling ridges, and fertile valleys. On clear days, views of up to 100 miles allow visitors to see prominent geographical features in North Carolina and other states.
    [Show full text]
  • S3565 James Wilson
    Southern Campaign American Revolution Pension Statements Pension application of James Wilson S3565 Transcribed by Paulette Haynes State of Tennessee Bedford County Court, February Term 1833 On this 6th day of February in the year of our Lord one thousand Eight hundred and thirty three- personally appeared in open Court before the whorshipful William McCliore, Samuel Phillips and John B. Armstrong Esquires gentlemen justices of the peace appointed to hold the court of pleas and Quarter Sessions for said county now sitting; James Wilson Senr. a resident of said county aged seventy five years four months and twelve days who after being sworn according to law doth on his oath make the following declaration in order to obtain the benefit of the Act of Congress passed the 7th of June 1832 that he entered the Service of the United States under the following named officers and served as herein stated (to wit) That he entered the service of the United States as a drafted soldier in the county of Mecklenburgh [sic, Mecklenburg] and state of North Carolina on the first of August in the year 1776 and was placed in a company commanded by Captain Robert Irwin in a regiment commanded by Col. Adam Alexander who was under the command of Genl. Rutherford [Griffith Rutherford]. He says his other company officers were Lieut William Barnett and Ensign David Reed; and was mustered into service at Virgils Springs in the county of Roan in said state of North Carolina, and was marched from that place against the Cherokee nation of Indians - he says he was marched
    [Show full text]
  • The High Peaks and Asheville—MST Segment 3
    1 | Mountains-to-Sea Trail Last Updated 1/1/2017 Approaching Blackstock Knob Photo by Jeff Clark www.internetbrothers.org The High Peaks and Asheville—MST Segment 3 PISGAH INN TO BLACK MOUNTAIN CAMPGROUND By Jim Grode Segment 3 is where Asheville comes to play. It is the most heavily used part of the MST within the mountains, and you are likely to encounter hikers, dog walkers, and trail runners at any time throughout the year. Virtually all of it is easily accessible from the Blue Ridge Parkway (BRP), and there are road crossings every few miles for most of the length. Don’t let its accessibility and popularity fool you, however: With eleva- tions ranging from 2,000 feet at the French Broad River to over 6,600 feet at the summit of Mount Mitchell, this segment is quite rugged. Indeed, the Segment 3 | 2 section just west of Asheville hosts the infamous Shut-In Ridge Trail Run, an 18-mile trail run that annually humbles racers from around the country. Complementing the natural beauty of the Blue Ridge Mountains in this area is the vibrancy of Asheville, a city of 80,000 nestled in the French Broad River valley, which regularly makes lists of the top 10 cities in the United States. Crammed with restaurants, shops, art galleries, and brew- eries, Asheville offers something for nearly everyone and is well worth a layover in your hiking schedule. HIGHLIGHTS INCLUDE • The views atop 6,684-foot Mount Mitchell, the highest point east of the Mississippi River • The Shut-In Trail, which follows the old carriage road from the Biltmore House to George Vanderbilt’s hunting lodge on Mount Pisgah (which no longer stands, but a few remnants of which are still visible) • The cultural and scientific displays at the Blue Ridge Parkway Visitor Center & Headquarters near Asheville • The fine collection of southern art and crafts at the Folk Art Center also near Asheville.
    [Show full text]
  • 12 Monthletting PNR
    NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION TENTATIVE LETTING LIST OF PRESERVATION REPAIR BRIDGE PROJECTS IN RALEIGH CENTRAL OFFICE HIGHWAY AS OF NOVEMBER 20, 2020 PROJECT# COUNTY ROUTE ID/FEATURE SCOPE OF WORK LET DATE 15BPR.17 HALIFAX US158 Roanoke River LMC Overlay/ Replace Modular Joint/ Paint All WS/ Shotcrete 11/17/2020 Partial LMC Overlay, Silane Deck Treatment, Deck Joint Repairs/ Replacements, PSC Girder Repair/Epoxy 15BPR.24 BRUNSWICK NC904 ICW Coat Beam Ends, Elastomeric Bearing Replacements, Pile Jacketing, Galvanic CP - Bulk Anode, 12/15/2020 Substructure Concrete Repairs, Bike/ Ped Rail Retrofit SR3548 15BPR.40 BUNCOMBE City Street,NSRR,French LMC Overlay/Transflex Joint/Shotcrete/Paint Str Steel/Epoxy Coat Caps 2/16/2021 Broad River 15BPR.40 BUNCOMBE SR2740 I-40 LMC Overlay, Joints, Substructure Repairs, Epoxy Coat Caps, Approach Pavement 2/16/2021 LMC Overlay, Joints, Epoxy Coat Caps, Substructure Repairs, Approach Pavement, Paint Weathering Steel 15BPR.40 BUNCOMBE SR2531 I-40 2/16/2021 Beam Ends 15BPR.42 BEAUFORT Washington Swing AWS Overlay, Joints, Substructure Concrete/ Shotcrete Repairs, New Ped/ Bike Rail 2/16/2021 15BPR.45 DUPLIN NC 903 I-40 LMC, Joints, Shotcrete 2/16/2021 15BPR.45 PENDER US 117 I-40 LMC, Joints, Shotcrete 2/16/2021 Tie Superstructures together, new deck across both existing bridges, steel superstructure repairs, 15BPR.20 HENDERSON I26EBL Green River 3/16/2021 substructrue concrete repairs, approach roadway modifications Tie Superstructures together, new deck across both existing bridges, steel
    [Show full text]
  • Swannanoa Valley Museum Ephemera Collection
    Swannanoa Valley Museum Ephemera Collection Title Swannanoa Valley Museum & History Center Ephemera Collection Alt. Title Ephemera Collection Creator Swannanoa Valley Museum Alt. Creator Harriet Styles Subject Keyword Swannanoa Valley ; Swannanoa Valley History ; Swannanoa Valley Business ; Wm. T. Penfound ; Business ; Swannanoa Businesses ; Black Mountain Businesses ; Hotels and Motels of Black Mountain ; Sweepstakes ; Camps ; Black Mountain ; Kerlee Family ; Black Mountain History ; Black Mountain Culture ; Travel and Investment in Black Mountain ; Black Mountain Government ; Mt. Mitchell ; Wars ; Civil War ; World War II Rations ; World War II Letters ; World War II Miscellaneous ; Montreat ; Montreat Travel Guides ; Montreat Miscellaneous ; Montreat-Anderson College ; Railroads ; The Apron Lady ; Piney Grove Cemetery ; Recreation and Entertainment ; Advertisements ; Community Fair Booklets ; Paper Fans ; Recreation and Entertainment Miscellaneous ; Education ; Autograph Books and Notebooks ; Black Mountain High School ; Warren Wilson College ; School Sports Miscellaneous ; Commencement Booklets ; Music ; Don Talley ; Mr. and Mrs. Crosby Adams ; Music Miscellaneous ; Churches ; Church Directories ; Church Histories ; Church Booklets; Swannanoa Valley Museum and Firehouse Ephemera. Subject LCSH Swannanoa -- North Carolina Swannanoa Valley -- North Carolina Swannanoa Valley Museum Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians Arthur, John Preston Buncombe County -- North Carolina Buncombe, Edward Black Mountain -- North Carolina Mount Mitchell --
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1 Upper French Broad River Part of Hydrologic Unit Code 06010105
    Chapter 1 Upper French Broad River Part of Hydrologic Unit Code 06010105 Subbasin Overview WATERSHED AT A GLANCE The Upper French Broad River subbasin encompasses 1,658 square COUNTIES miles from its headwaters in western Transylvania County to the Buncombe, Haywood, Henderson, Tennessee-North Carolina state line, making it the largest subbasin Madison, Transylvania and Yancey in the basin. It is made up of the following old DWQ subbasins: 03- 04-01, 03-04-02, 03-04-02, and 03-04-04. Major tributaries to the MUNICIPALITIES French Broad River include: Big Laurel Creek, Cane Creek, Da- Asheville, Biltmore Forest, Black vidson River, Hominy Creek, Little River, Mills River, Mud Creek, Mountain, Brevard, Canton, Flat Sandymush Creek, Spring Creek, and Swannanoa River. Rock, Fletcher, Hendersonville, Hot Springs, Laurel Park, Mars Hill, The Mills River, Little River, and portions of the French Broad River Marshall, Mills River, Montreat, support populations of the Federally endangered Appalachian Elk- Rosman, Weaverville and Woodfin toe. This mussel species, once found throughout the mountains of western North Carolina requires clean, well-oxygenated water that POPULATION flows at a moderate to fast pace. They also require stable, relatively 1990: 279,614 or silt-free, gravelly or rocky stream bottoms (USFWS, 2008). 169 per mi2 2000: 334,743 or 202 per mi2 Population and Land Cover This is the most populous subbasin in the basin. Population and land 2001 LAND COVER use patterns correlate to the natural environment in that most of the Developed: 12.4 population and agriculture can be found in the Broad Basins ecore- % gion.
    [Show full text]
  • Description of the Mount Mitchell Quadrangle
    DESCRIPTION OF THE MOUNT MITCHELL QUADRANGLE. By Arthur Keith. GEOGRAPHY. igneous rocks, such as granite and diabase, which Valley is dependent on the geologic structure. In River, and Cane Creek, all emptying into French have solidified from a molten condition. general they flow in courses which for long dis­ Broad River, have plateaus ranging from 2100 to GENERAL RELATIONS. The western division of the Appalachian prov­ tances are parallel to the sides of the Great Valley, 2300 feet. Catawba River, lying southeast of the Location. The Mount Mitchell quadrangle lies ince embraces the Cumberland Plateau and Alle­ following the lesser valleys along the outcrops of Blue Ridge and draining into the Atlantic, has almost entirely in North Carolina, but in its north­ gheny Mountains and the lowlands of Tennessee, the softer rocks. These longitudinal streams empty much the lowest plateau of all, its different por­ west corner includes about 2 square miles of Ten­ Kentucky, and Ohio. Its northwestern boundary into a number of larger, transverse rivers, which tions ranging from 1200 to 1400 feet. nessee. It is included between parallels 35° 30' is indefinite, but may be regarded as an arbitrary cross one or the other of the barriers limiting the val­ The different plateaus consist near the stream and 36° and meridians 82° and 82° 30', and con­ line coinciding with the eastern boundary of the ley. In the northern portion of the province they heads of a series of gently rolling and smoothly tains 968 square miles, divided between Madison, Mississippi embayment as far up as Cairo, and form Delaware, Susquehanna, Potomac, James, and rounded summits only slightly varied by shallow Yancey, Mitchell, Buncombe, McDowell, and Ruth­ then crossing the States of Illinois and Indiana.
    [Show full text]
  • 0 Eo 1 to Homeland Park
    North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources State Historic Preservation Office Ramona M. Bartos, Administrator Governor Roy Cooper Office of Archives and History Secretary Susi H. Hamilton Deputy Secretary Kevin Cherry August 19, 2019 MEMORANDUM TO: Mary Pope Furr Office of Human Environment NCDOT Division of Highways FROM: Renee Gledhill-Earley Environmental Review Coordinator SUBJECT: Historic Structures Survey Report, U-6046, Upgrade NC 81 from Alternate US 74 to US 70, PA 18-08-0029, Buncombe County, ER 19-2319 Thank you for your July 11, 2019, letter transmitting the above-referenced report. We apologize for our delayed response and offer the following comments. We concur that the Asheville Municipal Golf Course (BN1825), which was listed in the National Register in 2005 for its significance under Criteria A in the areas of entertainment/recreation and black ethnic heritage and under Criterion C for its landscape architecture, remains National Register-eligible under these Criteria with no recommended changes to the boundaries. We concur that the following properties are eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places: • Beverly Hills Historic District (BN6407) - under Criterion A in the area of community planning & development and under Criterion C. The boundaries as illustrated on page 44 of the report appear appropriate. • Swannanoa River Bridge 522, Dam, and Power House (BN6409) - under Criteria A and C. The boundaries as illustrated on page 57 of the report appear appropriate. • Homeland Park Historic District (BN0430) - placed on the National Register Study List in 1999, is eligible for the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion A in the area of entertainment/recreation and under Criterion C for its architectural significance.
    [Show full text]
  • Swannanoa River Watershed
    Section 319 NONPOINT SOURCE PROGRAM SUCCESS STORY ImplementingNorth Urban Best Management Carolina Practices Improves Water Quality Waterbodies Improved Polluted runoff from increased development in western North Carolina had degraded water quality in the Swannanoa River watershed. As a result, the North Carolina Division of Water Quality (NC DWQ) placed two Swannanoa River segments (totaling 14 miles) on the Clean Water Act (CWA) section 303(d) list of impaired waters in 2006 and 2008. Both segments were listed for impaired biological integrity attributed to urban development, and one segment was also listed for turbidity. Implementing best management practices (BMPs) led to improved water quality, prompting NC DWQ to remove the two segments of the Swannanoa River from the CWA section 303(d) list of impaired waters in 2008 and 2010. Problem The Swannanoa River watershed drains a mountain- ous region of western North Carolina within the French Broad River Basin. Residential and com- mercial development contributed high volumes of sediment-laden runoff, which degraded the Swannanoa River watershed (Figure 1). Water qual- ity issues were identified in the Swannanoa River beginning in 1998. The NC DWQ added segments 6-78c (2.6 miles long) and 6-78d (11.5 miles long) of the Swannanoa River to the CWA section 303(d) list of impaired waters in 2006 and 2008. The two river segments run through the town of Black Mountain, just outside the city of Asheville in Buncombe Figure 1. Project partners restored streambanks County. Both segments were listed because of along a developed portion of Haw Creek, a tributary impaired biological integrity linked to urban develop- of the Swannanoa River.
    [Show full text]