Takhrij Dan Syarah Hadith of Chemistry: Use of Formaldehyde in the Preservation of Corpse

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Reynaldi Purwantara Firdaus, Reza Pahlevi Dalimunthe Departement of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

------***------Abstract The purpose of this research is to discuss the quickly the law is permissible. There is no prohibition about on preserving bodies, especially if such preservation is .ﷺ hadith of the Prophet Muhammad needed such as for autopsies or otherwise. Even Imam preserving the bodies using chemicals (hanuth). This Shafii recommended that the body be smeared with research method is qualitative through the takhrij and camphor so that it is durable and does not decompose sharah hadith approaches with chemical analysis. The quickly (Juriyanto, 2019). results and discussion of this study is about the use of preserve the ﷺ In the time of the Prophet Muhammad hanuth in preserving the bodies and formalin as a body can use Hanuth, special oil corpses containing substitute for hanuth. In addition, several benefits of lime, sandalwood and plant oil according to al-Zuhri. hanuth were also found, including as an ingredient for Another version, hanuth is an oil intended for corpses, the scent of corpses at the time of the Prophet whereas in this day and age we can use chemicals and also as a preservative for corpses. (formaldehyde) as preservatives of corpses. This ﷺ Muhammad This study concluded that the law of preserving corpses formaldehyde can be used in the preservation of corpses. Provided that with the appropriate dose so using chemicals was permitted by the Prophet that the corpse does not rot quickly and with the based on takhrij and syarah hadith. purpose of investigation in the case kriminal, in order .ﷺ Muhammad This study recommends formaldehyde as a substitute to uncover evidence of the case that occurred, also for hanuth, because hanuth in today's times is difficult allowed with the aim of education and investigation in to obtain. Fatawa Al-Azhar 8/46. This formaldehyde can replace Hanuth. relating ﷺ Keywords: Hadith, Chemistry, Syarah, Takhrij. There is a hadith of the Prophet Muhammad to Hanuth material used to preserve and give fragrance to the corpse on Shahih Bukhari Number 5809: Introduction َ◌دﱠثَنَا قُتَ ْيبَةُ ْب ُن َس ِعي ٍد َحدﱠثَنَا ُم َح ﱠمدُ ْب ُن َع ْب ِد ﱠِ ا ْﻷَ ْن َصا ِر ﱡي َقا َل َحدﱠثَنِي Formaldehyde is a clear, colorless liquid with أَبِي َع ْن ثُ َما َمةَ َع ْن أَنَ ٍس أ َ ﱠن أُ ﱠم ُس َل ْي ٍم َكانَ ْت تَ ْب ُس ُط ِلل ﱠنبِ ّيِ َص ﱠلى ﱠُ َع َل ْي ِه ﱠ ﱠ َو َسل َم نِ َطعًا َفيَ ِقي ُل ِع ْندَ َها َع َلى ذَ ِل َك ال ّنِ َطعِ َقا َل َفإِذَا نَا َم ال ﱠنبِ ﱡي َصلى ﱠُ a piercing odor, its vapors stimulating the membranes َع َل ْي ِه َو َس ﱠل َم أَ َخذَ ْت ِم ْن َع َرقِ ِه َو َشعَ ِر ِه َف َج َمعَ ْتهُ فِي َقا ُرو َر ةٍ ثُ ﱠم َج َم َعتْهُ فِي .of the nose and throat and burning sensation ُس ٍّك َقا َل َف َل ﱠما َح َض َر أَنَ َس ْب َن َما ِل ٍك ا ْل َو َفاةُ أَ ْو َصى إِ َل ﱠي أَ ْن يُ ْجعَ َل فِي According to the Head of LIPI Chemical Research َحنُو ِط ِه ِم ْن ذَ ِل َك ال ﱡس ِّك َقا َل َف ُج ِع َل فِي َحنُو ِط ِه Center, Leonardus Broto Sugeng Kardono,actually solid form with the term formaldehyde or in foreign Has told us Qutaibah ibn Sa'd had told us Muhammad terms written formaldehyde (Mudzkirah, 2016). ibn Abdullah al-Anshari he said; had told me my Formaldehyde is a disinfectant that is active against father from Tsumamah of Anas that Ummu Sulaim, bacteria, viruses and fungi. This chemical is that he used to spread the mat of leather for the ,then he took a nap on the mat ,ﷺ commonly used to preserve biological specimens and Prophet Muhammad has ﷺ preserve corpses. Today many bodies are preserved Anas continued, "When the Prophet Muhammad using formaldehyde with the aim of the body is not sleep, then Ummu Sulaim took his sweat and his hair quickly damaged and rotten. In Islam preserving the that fell and put it in a glass container, after which he body with the aim that the body does not decompose collected it in sukk (fragrant oil herb), Tsumamah

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said; 'When Anas ibn Malik was about to die, he made Meanwhile, the approach taken is takhrij and syarah a will so that the herb was mixed into hanuth (herb hadith (Soetari, Syarah dan Kritik Hadis dengan used to oil corpse), finally the herb was placed in Metode Tahrij: Teori dan Aplikasi (2nd ed.), 2015). hanuth (herb used to oil corpse). The interpretation in this study used chemical analysis. Based on the above exposure, the research formula is (Sudiarti, Delilah, & Aziz, 2018). prepared, namely problem formulation, research In general, there are two stages of research on hadith, questions, and research objectives (Darmalaksana, namely takhrij and syarah. Takhrij is the process of Formula Penelitian Pengalaman Kelas Menulis, issuing hadiths from the book of hadith to be 2020a). The formulation of this problem is that there is examined for validity, while syarah is the explanation a hadith Shahih Bukhari Number 5809 about Hanuth of hadith text with certain analysis (Soetari, Syarah as fragrances and preservatives of corpses. The dan Kritik Hadis dengan Metode Tahrij: Teori dan question of this research is how the hadith of the Aplikasi (2nd ed.), 2015). Chemistry itself, as a means was. about the use of hanuth of interpretation in this study, which is a field of study ﷺ Prophet Muhammad as a preservative of corpses. The purpose of this study that studies the composition, structure, properties, and about changes in matter and energy that accompany it .ﷺ is to discuss the hadith Prophet Muhammad Hanuth as a measure of the preservation of corpses (Istijabatun, 2008). using chemicals (formaldehyde) today. Results and Discussion Research Methods First, a search was carried out through the hadith This research is qualitative in nature through literature application regarding the keyword “hanuth” until the and field studies (Darmalaksana, Metode Penelitian hadith was found in Shahih Bukhari Number 5809, as Kualitatif Studi Pustaka dan Studi Lapangan, 2020b). previously stated.

Table 1 Rawi Sanad List Rawi Birth/Death Ulama’s Comments Circles No Country Kuniyah Sanad B D - + Anas bin Malik bin An Nadlir 1 bin 91 H Bashrah Abu Hamzah Shahabat Shahabat Dlamdlom bin Zaid bin Haram - Tsiqah - Tsiqah - Tsiqah Tsumamah - Tabi’I bin Tabi’in Tsiqah 2 ‘Abdullah Bashrah Ordinary - Shaduuq bin Anas bin People - Malik mentioned in the ‘ats tsiqaat Abdullah - Tsiqah bin Al - Tsiqah Tabi’in (not Abu Al 3 Mutsannaa Bashrah - Tsiqah see Mutsannaa bin - shalih Shahabat) ‘Abdullah - shalih

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bin Anas bin - shaikh Malik -laisa bi -mentioned qowi in the ‘ats -“Shaduuq, tsiqaat katsirul ghalath” Muhammad - Tsiqah bin - Shaduuq ‘Abdullah - laisa bihi bin Al Tabi’ul 215 Abu ba’s 4 Mutsannaa Bashrah Atba’ H. ‘Abdullah -mentioned bin middle Ages in the ‘ats ‘Abdullah - Shaduuq bin Anas bin - Tsiqah Malik Qutaibah bin - Tsiqah Sa’id bin - Tsiqah Tabi’ul 240 5 Jamil bin Himsh Abu Raja’ - Tsiqah Atba’ Old H. Tharif bin - Tsiqah People ‘Abdullah Tsabat Amirul Imam 194 256 6 Bukhara Abu Mukminin Bukhari H. H. Abdullah Fil Hadith

Table 1 is a list of rawi and hadiths being studied Teacher and student meetings can also be seen from (about Hanuth). Rawi is a hadith narration while sanad the journey of life narration. If the teacher and the is a link of narration since friends until mudawin student are in the same place, then it is predicted that namely scholars who record hadith in the book of between the teacher and the student meet hadith (Soetari, Ilmu Hadis, 1994). According to (Darmalaksana, Prosiding Proses Bisnis Validitas hadith science, the condition of valid hadith is rawi Hadis Untuk Perancangan Aplikasi Metode Tahrij, must be positive according to the comments of (2020d)). scholars. If there is a comment of the scholars who After review, the quality of this hadith is dhaif. give a negative assessment to one of the narrations in Because, from the side of narration there is one of the the sanad lane, then the hadith includes hadith dhaif comments of scholars who give negative assessments (Darmalaksana, Prosiding Proses Bisnis Validitas or comments. One of the Ulama who gives negative Hadis Untuk Perancangan Aplikasi Metode Tahrij, comments is An-Nasa'i and Ibn Hajar al-'Asqalani. (2020d)). According to the scholars who commented on this Sahih hadith is a clear hadith of narration, strong and hadith, this hadith is "laisa bi qowi" according to The high in dhabith while dhaif hadith is weak and low An-Nasa'i scholars and this hadith is "Shaduuq, level (Soetari, Ilmu Hadis, 1994). The provisions of katsirul ghalath" according to Ulama Ibnu Hajar al- the hadith are valid and also the sanad must be 'Asqalani. Although from the side of sanad connected continued. If the hadith is severed, then it includes the from sahaabah (Anas bin Malik) to mudawin hadith dhaif. The evidence is that there is a meeting (Bukhari). Hadith dhaif does not mean this hadith is between the teacher and the student. If there is no false. Basically the science of hadith has other objective evidence, then the meeting between the parameters in providing reinforcement to the hadith. teacher and the student can be seen from the birth and Among other things hadith called mutawatir in the death. If there is no data on birth and death, then the sense of very popular if the hadith being studied is average predicted age of scholars is about 70-90 years. scattered in several books of hadith (Soetari, Syarah

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dan Kritik Hadis dengan Metode Tahrij: Teori dan Conclusion Aplikasi (2nd ed.), 2015). The distribution of this Since hundreds of years ago, hadithof the Prophet has been aboutpreserving bodies using ﷺ hadith acts as martyrdom and mutabi. Martyrdom is Muhammad another similar hadith whereas mutabi is another sanad chemicals (hanuth) and the benefits of the hanuth. (Darmalaksana, Prosiding Proses Bisnis Validitas Based on takhrij hadith, the quality of this hadith dhaif Hadis Untuk Perancangan Aplikasi Metode Tahrij, because there are negative comments against rawi (2020d)). Moreover, hadith as far as the virtue of hadith. According to the hadith, hanuth is a material Islamic practice, it can be a proof even though the used to preserve bodies and is useful for fragrance on statunya dhaif (Darmalaksana, Pahala, & Soetari, corpses. In this modern age, hanuth can be replaced Kontroversi Hadis sebagai Sumber Hukum Islam, with formaldehyde. The replacement of hanuth with 2017). formaldehyde as a preservative of the corpse is has supported by a statement Fatawa Al-Azhar 8/46. This ﷺ This hadith tells "When the Prophet Mumamad sleep, then Ummu Sulaim took his sweat and his hair research is expected to have benefits for the that fell and put it in a glass container, after that he development of chemicals. This research has collected it in sukk (fragrant oil herb), Tsumamah limitations, namely takhrij and hadith syarah in a berkata; 'When Anas ibn Malik was about to die, he simple and limited approach to fiqh science, so that made a will so that the herb was mixed into hanuth (a more adequate follow-up research is needed through herb used to oil mayyit), finally the herb was placed in the field of chemistry. This study recommends hanuth (herb used to oil mayyit).' formaldehyde as a substitute for hanuth, because This hadith describes Hanuth (i.e. body preservatives) hanuth today is difficult to obtain. which is used as a benchmark for formaldehyde as a Daftar Pustaka preservative for corpses. This hadith can also be 1. Al-Minhaj, M. A.-M. (n.d.). Mughnil Muhtaj. In explained according to the field of chemistry, which in M. A.-M. Al-Minhaj, Mughnil Muhtaj (p. Juz 4 principle informs about the preservation of bodies halaman 229). Bincang Syariah. using chemicals namely Hanuth. Where the content of Hanuth itself consists of lime , sandalwood 2. Darmalaksana, W. ((2020d)). Prosiding Proses and plant oils . Because hanuth Bisnis Validitas Hadis Untuk Perancangan Aplikasi Metode Tahrij. Jurnal Ushuluddin UIN nowadays is difficult to obtain, it can be replaced with Sunan, 1 - 17. formaldehyde 3. Darmalaksana, W. (2020a). Formula Penelitian Formalin statement in lieu of hanuth, supported by the Pengalaman Kelas Menulis. Jurnal Kela Menulis existence of Fatawa Al-Azhar which allows preserving UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung. the remains using formaldehyde. In the Book Fatawa Al-Azhar 8/46 also allows the law to preserve bodies 4. Darmalaksana, W. (2020b). Metode Penelitian with chemicals, provided that the appropriate dose is Kualitatif Studi Pustaka dan Studi Lapangan. Pre- intended so that the corpse does not quickly Print Digital Library UIN Sunan Gunung Djati decompose and decompose (Hasan, 2019). Where the Bandung. statement uses the approach of ilmu fiqh science that 5. Darmalaksana, W., Pahala, L., & Soetari, E. is Ijma and Istihsân. Ijma’ is the third legal source in (2017). Kontroversi Hadis sebagai Sumber Hukum the law Islam which is used as an argument or Islam. Wawasan: Jurnal Ilmiah Agama dan Sosial evidence by Muslim scholars with the correct thoughts Budaya, 45 -58. and perceptions about the jurisprudence of reality and for the benefit of mankind at all times (Khumaini, 6. Hasan, N. (2019, Maret 6). Hukum Mengawetkan 2018). Jenazah. Retrieved from Hukum Mengawetkan Jenazah menurut Islam: https://islami.co/hukum- mengawetkan-jenazah/

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7. Istijabatun, S. (2008). Pengaruh Pengetahuan 11. Soetari, E. (1994). Ilmu Hadis. Bandung: Amal Alam terhadap Pemahaman Mata Pelajaran Kikia. Bakti Press. Inovasi Pendidikan Kimia. 12. Soetari, E. (2015). Syarah dan Kritik Hadis dengan 8. Juriyanto, M. (2019, January 16). Hukum Metode Tahrij: Teori dan Aplikasi (2nd ed.). Mengawetkan Jenazah. pp. 1 - 2. Yayasan Amal Bakti Gombong Layang. 9. Khumaini, S. (2018). IJMA’ DALAM PERSEPSI 13. Sudiarti, T., Delilah, G. G., & Aziz, R. (2018). ULAMA USHUL FIQH. Rausyan Fikr Jurnal Besi dalam Qur'an dan Sains Kimia (Analisis Pemikiran dan Pencerahan, 1. Teoritis dan Praktis Mengenai Besi dan Upaya 10. Mudzkirah, I. (2016). IDENTIFIKASI Mengatasi Korosi pada Besi). al-Kimiya, 7-16. PENGGUNAAN ZAT PENGAWET BORAKS. Penelitian Kandungan Boraks pada Makanan Jajanan, 2 - 3.