Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of 2019 Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure

October 15, 2019

BT Eng Project 19-027 Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure October 15, 2019

Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction ...... 1 2.0 Location of Flood Damaged Infrastructure ...... 1 3.0 Background Information ...... 9 4.0 Site Inspections and Recommendations ...... 9 4.1 Site 1 - Front Road ...... 9 4.1.1 Site Inspection ...... 9 4.1.2 Recommendations ...... 10 4.2 Site 2 - Second Concession Road ...... 11 4.2.1 Site Inspection ...... 11 4.2.2 Recommendations ...... 13 4.3 Site 3 - Third Concession Road ...... 13 4.3.1 Recommendations ...... 15 4.4 Site 4 – Sand Beach Conservation Area ...... 15 4.4.1 Recommendations ...... 16 4.5 Site 5 - South Shore Road ...... 16 4.5.1 Recommendations ...... 18 4.6 Site 6 – Bath Centennial Park ...... 18 4.7 Site 7 – Finkle Shore Park ...... 20 4.8 Site 8 – Stella Bay Dock ...... 20 4.9 Site 9 – Bath Water Treatment Plant ...... 21 5.0 Preliminary Cost Estimate of Remediation Plan ...... 23 5.1 Site 1 - Front Road ...... 23 5.2 Site 2 - Second Concession Road ...... 24 5.3 Site 3 - Third Concession Road ...... 24 5.4 Site 4 - Sand Beach Conservation Area ...... 25 5.5 Site 5 - South Shore Road ...... 25 5.6 Site 6 – Centennial Park ...... 26 5.7 Site 7 – Finkle Shore Park ...... 26 5.8 Site 8 – Stella Bay Dock ...... 26 5.9 Site 9 – Bath Water Treatment Plant ...... 27 5.10 Total Cost Estimate of Remediation Plan ...... 28 6.0 Summary of Findings and Recommendations ...... 29

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure October 15, 2019

List of Figures Figure 1: Loyalist Township ...... 1 Figure 2: Site 1 - Front Road (approximately 400 m of damage) ...... 2 Figure 3: Site 2 - Second Concession Road (approximately 500 m of damage) ...... 2 Figure 4: Site 3 - Third Concession Road (approximately 1 km in damage)...... 3 Figure 5: Site 4 – South Beach Conservation Area (approximately 1.3 km in damage) ...... 3 Figure 6: Site 5 – Limits of South Shore Road Erosion (approximately 500 m of damage) ...... 4 Figure 7: Site 6 - Bath Centennial Park ...... 5 Figure 8: Site 7 – Finkle Shore Park Culvert ...... 6 Figure 9: Site 8 - Stella Bay Dock ...... 7 Figure 10: Site 9 – Bath Water Treatment Plant ...... 8 Figure 11: Sample of Rock Protection Key ...... 29

List of Tables Table 1: Site 1 - Front Road ...... 10 Table 2: Site 2 - Second Concession Road ...... 12 Table 3: Site 3 - Third Concession Road ...... 14 Table 4: Site 4 – Sand Beach Conservation Area ...... 16 Table 5: Site 5 - South Shore Road ...... 16 Table 6: Front Road - Capital Cost Estimate of Repairs...... 23 Table 7: Second Concession Road - Capital Cost Estimate of Repairs ...... 24 Table 8: Third Concession Road - Capital Cost Estimate of Repairs ...... 24 Table 9: Sand Beach Conservation Area - Capital Cost Estimate of Repairs ...... 25 Table 10: South Shore Road - Capital Cost Estimate of Repairs ...... 25 Table 11: Centennial Park - Capital Cost Estimate of Repairs ...... 26 Table 12: Finkle Shore Park - Capital Cost Estimate of Repairs ...... 26 Table 13: Stella Bay Dock - Capital Cost Estimate of Repairs ...... 26 Table 14: Bath Water Treatment Plant - Capital Cost Estimate of Repairs ...... 27 Table 15: Total Capital Cost Estimate of Repairs ...... 28

List of Photos Photo 1: Site 1 - Shoulder Erosion along Front Road ...... 11 Photo 2: Site 2 - Second Concession Road looking southeast, opposite Civic 8750 ...... 12 Photo 3: Site 2 - Second Concession Road Shoulder Damage ...... 13 Photo 4: Site 3 - Third Concession Road looking north (2017) ...... 14 Photo 5: Site 3 – Third Concession Road looking north (2019) ...... 15 Photo 6: Site 5 - Typical View of South Shore Road looking northwest (2017) ...... 17 Photo 7: Site 5 - Typical View of South Shore Road looking southeast (2019) ...... 18 Photo 8: Rock Embankment along the Shoreline adjoining Bath Centennial Park ...... 19 Photo 9: Site 7 – Damaged Culvert at Finkle Shore Park ...... 20 Photo 10: Site 8 - Stella Bay Dock Damage ...... 21 Photo 11: Site 9 – Bath Water Treatment Plant Retaining Wall ...... 22

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure October 15, 2019

Appendices Appendix A – Site Photographs Appendix B – Sand Beach Conservation Area Monitoring Report Appendix C – Site Photographs Appendix D – Total Combined Flood Damage Cost Estimate

iii

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure October 15, 2019

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The Corporation of Loyalist Township has engaged BT Engineering Inc. (BTE) to assess flood damage in several areas of the Township as a result of recent high water levels in Lake Ontario. This report presents proposed emergency remedial measures to repair the damaged infrastructure. The majority of the damaged areas are south- and southwest-facing shoreline areas where the prevailing winds combined with high water levels have created increased wave action. This report describes the site inspection findings and proposed remediation measures, including budgetary costs associated with the repairs. BTE was previously retained to assess flood damage following the 2017 flood season. This report will assess new damage as a result of the 2019 flooding.

2.0 LOCATION OF FLOOD DAMAGED INFRASTRUCTURE

The damaged infrastructure is located in Loyalist Township, Ontario, illustrated in Figure 1.

Amherstview

Amherst Island

Figure 1: Loyalist Township

Specific areas of interest in this review include Front Road (Figure 2), Second Concession Road (Figure 3) Third Concession Road (Figure 4), South Beach Conservation Area (Figure 5) and South Shore Road (Figure 6), all located on Amherst Island, Ontario, and Centennial Park (Figure 7) and Finkle Shore Park (Figure 8) located in Bath, Ontario.

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure October 15, 2019

Figure 2: Site 1 - Front Road (approximately 400 m of damage)

Figure 3: Site 2 - Second Concession Road (approximately 500 m of damage)

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure October 15, 2019

Figure 4: Site 3 - Third Concession Road (approximately 1 km in damage)

Figure 5: Site 4 – South Beach Conservation Area (approximately 1.3 km in damage)

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure October 15, 2019

Figure 6: Site 5 – Limits of South Shore Road Erosion (approximately 500 m of damage)

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure October 15, 2019

Figure 7: Site 6 - Bath Centennial Park

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure October 15, 2019

Figure 8: Site 7 – Finkle Shore Park Culvert

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure October 15, 2019

Figure 9: Site 8 - Stella Bay Dock

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure October 15, 2019

Figure 10: Site 9 – Bath Water Treatment Plant

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure October 15, 2019

3.0 BACKGROUND INFORMATION

The flood damage investigated in this report resulted from the recent flood event experienced throughout Southern Ontario from high water levels in Lake Ontario. In May 2019, record high water levels were experienced. The seven shoreline areas assessed in this report are predominantly south- and southwest-facing locations, and are highly exposed to Lake Ontario and the prevailing wind. High water levels combined with prevailing winds affecting these areas has led to wave action impacting the roads along the shoreline by eroding adjoining embankments and road shoulders. Four (4) of these areas were previously evaluated by BTE in 2017 after the damage associated with the high water levels; these areas will be inspected for new damage:  Front Road  Second Concession  Third Concession Road  South Shore Road The following areas were not included in the 2017 inspection and will be inspected for new damage:  South Beach Conservation Area  Centennial Park  Finkle Shore Park  Stella Bay Dock  Bath Water Treatment Plant Additional information is presented in Appendix A showing photographic evidence of the impacted areas. Appendix B contains the monitoring report for the Sand Beach Conservation Area.

4.0 SITE INSPECTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Site inspections were carried out for each area; the findings are described as follows:

4.1 Site 1 - Front Road

4.1.1 Site Inspection Located on the northwest part of Amherst Island, Front Road runs parallel to the shoreline. The shoulder has been eroded by wave action, with degradation of the road surface beginning to take place in these areas. The inspection findings are contained in Table 1 below. See Photo 1 for a typical view of the new erosion along Front Road. This view illustrates the close proximity of the property to the north and the narrow shoulder on the shore side with potential for erosion of the roadway. The southwestern erosion area had been previously evaluated as part of the 2017 inspection. This area shows increased erosion towards the road surface, with the grass shoulder no

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure October 15, 2019 longer present. The other newly evaluated areas show a consistent pattern of erosion reaching to the shoulder of the road.

Table 1: Site 1 - Front Road Inspection Area Front Road Section Length 400m Surface Type Gravel Surface Condition Mostly intact, short sections of rutting and scouring where flooding has occurred Shoulder Condition Poor - Minimal shoulder remaining throughout this section. Portions of the road have been eroded to within 30 cm of the travel lane Notes: This section of Front Road has minimal clearance on both sides. Shoreline erosion has left a minimal shoulder throughout and the trees lining the shore are in danger of being further undermined. A number of short sections of shoulder have been completely eroded, with damage manifesting on the road surface. Some sections of this road have been previously repaired.

4.1.2 Recommendations It is recommended to provide some shoulder restoration in the sections where the flood/ storm event has completely eroded the shoulder and where minimal shoulder remains, approximately 400 m in length. It is recommended to provide rock protection throughout this section to reduce the risk of the remaining shoulder eroding and potentially causing the road to fail. This will also protect the remaining trees lining the shoreline. To the east of the study area, where Front Road meets Emerald Road, the embankment surrounding an existing culvert outlet has been eroded, and it is recommended to add rock protection surrounding the culvert at this location.

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure October 15, 2019

Photo 1: Site 1 - Shoulder Erosion along Front Road 4.2 Site 2 - Second Concession Road

4.2.1 Site Inspection Located on the west part of Amherst Island, this section of Second Concession Road (500 m) is exposed to the prevailing southwest winds and is low-lying. The inspection findings are contained in Table 2 below. See Photo 2 and Photo 3 for a view of Second Concession Road at Civic 8750, where erosion has taken place along with damage to the gravel pavement and shoreline trees. This area was previously inspected in the 2017 inspection. The 2019 inspection found that the lateral limits of the erosion along the road have not significantly increased. The 2019 erosion has ex- tended closer to the road shoulder by approximately 0.5 m to 1.0 m for the entire length of the damage area. Flood damage on the road surface is also apparent with debris being placed on the road due to flooding. Compared to 2017, the green boulevard between the shoulder and edge of the lake has been completely eroded in most places,.

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure October 15, 2019

Table 2: Site 2 - Second Concession Road Inspection Area Second Concession Road Section Length 500 m Surface Type Gravel Surface Condition The surface has been damaged by flooding, debris and subsequent clearing, and rutting where flooding has occurred, in particular at Civic 8750 Shoulder Condition Large sections of shoulder have been eroded, particularly at the eastern end of the inspection area Notes: Large sections of the shoulder have been eroded, in particular the eastern end of this section of Second Concession Road. A green area opposite Civic 8550 has been completely removed by flood water and rocky debris still remains. Some pavement damage is evident opposite Civic 8750. A number of trees have been uprooted by the flooding/ wave action, further destabilizing the road shoulder.

Photo 2: Site 2 - Second Concession Road looking southeast, opposite Civic 8750

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure October 15, 2019

Photo 3: Site 2 - Second Concession Road Shoulder Damage

4.2.2 Recommendations The shoulder and green area along most of this corridor has been completely eroded (see Appen- dix A), with none of the green area remaining. It is recommended to regrade this area and add granular material to enhance the eroded shoreline and shoulder. Rock protection will also be required in this area. Shoulder erosion has taken place throughout this section, and it is recommended to reconstruct the shoulder using granular fill and to add rock protection along this section, protecting the road shoulder and the remaining tree line, a natural barrier to wave action. One drainage outlet requires rock protection. Surface repair will be required for a large portion of the road to return it to its pre-flood state.

4.3 Site 3 - Third Concession Road Located on the southwest part of Amherst Island, this section of Third Concession Road (1 km) is exposed to the prevailing southwest winds and is low-lying. The inspection findings are contained in Table 3 below. See Photo 4 and Photo 5 for a view of the shoulder in 2017 and 2019. The lateral limits of new erosion have not significantly changed from the 2017 inspection. The new erosion found in this section extends from the 2017 limits towards the road shoulder by a distance of 0.5

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure October 15, 2019 m to 1.0 m. In some places the shoulder has been significantly eroded. The road surface has been heavily damaged due to the flooding, with debris lining most of this section.

Table 3: Site 3 - Third Concession Road Inspection Area Third Concession Road Section Length 1 km Surface Type Gravel Surface Condition Extensive surface damage from flood water for the entire length of the road. Shoulder Condition Poor – Minimal shoulder remaining throughout this section Notes: This section of Third Concession Road has been damaged for a large portion of the 1 km long inspection area. The majority of the damage has impacted the road shoulder adjoining the shoreline. A green strip running along the road edge has been eroded for approximately 90% of the study area.

Photo 4: Site 3 - Third Concession Road looking north (2017)

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure October 15, 2019

Photo 5: Site 3 – Third Concession Road looking north (2019)

4.3.1 Recommendations As shown in Appendix A, extensive erosion of the shoreline and road shoulder has occurred, leaving the existing roadway susceptible to further damage and potentially unsafe for accommodating future storms and/or flooding events. It is recommended to reconstruct the shoulder using granular fill and to add rock protection along this section (approximately 750 m), protecting the road shoulder. Some larger boulder type material does exist along the shoreline for short sections of the study area. This material can be reused as rock protection. A number of drainage outlets require additional rock protection. More extensive road surface damage is evident here compared to the other study areas and the pavement will require resurfacing.

4.4 Site 4 – Sand Beach Conservation Area Located on the south shore of Amherst Island, this section of shoreline (1.3 km in total) consists of a public conservation area and beach. This area has been heavily eroded during the 2019 flood event. The current beach area is completely underwater, but it appears that some of the sand material remains. The sand dune barrier has been significantly eroded, resulting in undercutting of the bank and the loss of mature trees along the shoreline. Debris has been deposited along the shoreline, limiting access along the trail and to the beachfront.

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure October 15, 2019

Table 4: Site 4 – Sand Beach Conservation Area Inspection Area Sand Beach Conservation Area Section Length 1.3 km Surface Type Natural Surface Condition Extensive damage from flooding along the entire section of the shoreline. Shoulder Condition N/A Notes: The shoreline of the Conservation Area has been heavily damaged by the flooding and wave action. This has resulted in undercutting of the sand dune barrier, loss of mature trees and significant deposition of debris in the area.

4.4.1 Recommendations As shown in Appendix B, extensive erosion of the shoreline has occurred, leaving the existing sand beaches and sand dunes vulnerable to further damage and potentially unsafe for accommodating future storms and/or flooding events. It is recommended to repair the shoreline by removing the debris and vegetating areas that have been stripped by the wave action. Armour stone walls can be used in select beach and undercut sections to protect the shoreline and prevent the loss of the sand material during high water-level events. Sand Dune material can also be imported to repair the dunes in the areas with the armour stone retaining walls.

4.5 Site 5 - South Shore Road Located on the south shore of Amherst Island, this section of South Shore Road (500 m in total) runs along the shoreline with a narrow shoulder and is slightly elevated above the lakefront. This area is separated into two sections; one smaller section to the south and a larger section to the north. The inspection findings are contained in Table 5 below. See Photo 6 and Photo 7 for a typical view of South Shore Road, showing the eroded shoulder and embankment in 2017 and 2019. The new 2019 erosion has progressed further by approximately 1.0 m towards the road surface, resulting in the loss of portions of the shoulder. There is also extensive damage to the road surface due to wave action. Debris is present beside the road and shoulder and should be removed.

Table 5: Site 5 - South Shore Road Inspection Area South Shore Road Section Length 450 m Surface Type Gravel Surface Condition Some damaged areas exist, requiring surface treatment to repair. Shoulder Condition The shoulder embankment has been severely eroded; further erosion will potentially lead to road failure/ collapse in places. Notes: There is minimal shoulder left in places and with the road slightly elevated above the shoreline (1-1.5 m), the road is in danger of being undermined if eroded by further wave action and or high water levels. Extensive erosion of the embankment has taken place throughout this section. A number of drainage outlets require repair.

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure October 15, 2019

Photo 6: Site 5 - Typical View of South Shore Road looking northwest (2017)

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure October 15, 2019

Photo 7: Site 5 - Typical View of South Shore Road looking southeast (2019)

4.5.1 Recommendations As shown in Appendix A, extensive erosion of the shoreline and road shoulder has occurred, leaving the existing road way susceptible to further damage and potentially unsafe for accommodating future storms and/or flooding events. This is of particular concern along this section of South Shore Road due the elevated nature of the roadway and the erosion of the existing embankment leaving a shear earth face, which can be easily undermined by future wave action. It is recommended to reconstruct the shoulder using granular fill, a layer of filter cloth and to add rock protection along this section (approximately 400 m), protecting the road shoulder. While other areas should utilize a stabilizing toe, the presence of bedrock at the toe of the embankment makes this impractical along South Shore Road. Also the elevated nature of South Shore Road will mean that a wider sloped arrangement of rock protection will be required compared to the other roads inspected. A number of drainage outlets require rock protection.

4.6 Site 6 – Bath Centennial Park Located in Bath, south of Bath Road, the park has an armour stone and gabion retaining wall that runs along the shoreline. The 2019 flooding resulted in water levels that rose above the top of the wall. This led the erosion behind the wall, as shown in Photo 8. The shoreline has receded up to

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure October 15, 2019

1.0 m from the wall and is vulnerable to further damage from high water levels and wave action. The wall itself remains in an acceptable condition but could be damaged in future events if the damage to the shoreline is not repaired. It is proposed to remove all the material in the damaged section, and repair the slope with riprap and filter cloth.

Photo 8: Rock Embankment along the Shoreline adjoining Bath Centennial Park

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure October 15, 2019

4.7 Site 7 – Finkle Shore Park Located in Bath, Finkle Shore Park runs parallel to the shoreline. A culvert that runs beneath a mul- ti-use path was damaged during the 2019 flood events, as shown in Photo 9. The culvert has col- lapsed and requires replacement. It is recommended that the culvert be protected with riprap and geotextile and the path reinstated to its previous condition. Additional sections of the path have been washed out along the shoreline.

Photo 9: Site 7 – Damaged Culvert at Finkle Shore Park 4.8 Site 8 – Stella Bay Dock Located on Amherst Island, Stella Bay dock has a public dock used for accessing the bay. This dock is protected by a small concrete pier. Wave action during the 2019 flooding event resulted in erosion along the side of the dock and pier. It is recommended that the shoreline be restored with armour stone to match the concrete pier and protect the park. Photo 10 shows the damage caused during the flooding event.

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure October 15, 2019

Photo 10: Site 8 - Stella Bay Dock Damage 4.9 Site 9 – Bath Water Treatment Plant Located in Bath, the Water Treatment Plant lies along the shoreline and is protected by armour stone retaining walls and a wave break. During the 2019 flooding event, wave action resulted in overtopping of the retaining wall and damage to the area behind it. The armour stone wall will require repairs to replace the stones that have been washed out. Photo 11 shows the presence of water behind the wall and gaps where the wall has been damaged.

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure October 15, 2019

Photo 11: Site 9 – Bath Water Treatment Plant Retaining Wall

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure October 15, 2019

5.0 PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATE OF REMEDIATION PLAN

A preliminary cost estimate of proposed remediation works for each of the inspected areas is pro- vided below. All cost estimates exclude HST. The preliminary cost estimate for the 2019 damages is based on the difference between the cost of the total repairs and the cost of the repairs due to the 2017 damage. See Appendix C for the 2017 Report including the cost estimate and Appendix D for a combined cost estimate.

5.1 Site 1 - Front Road

Table 6: Front Road - Capital Cost Estimate of Repairs

Item - Restoration Cost

Rock Protection $4,000 Grading and Shaping Shoreline $3,000 Shoulder Repair $2,000 Culvert Repair $1,800 Subtotal $10,800

Item – Additional Protection Cost

Rock Protection $8,100 Grading and Shaping Shoreline $2,000 Shoulder Repair $3,000 Sub Total $13,100 Total $23,900

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure October 15, 2019

5.2 Site 2 - Second Concession Road

Table 7: Second Concession Road - Capital Cost Estimate of Repairs

Item Total Cost of Item

Rock Protection $16,500 Grading and Shaping Shoreline $5,000 Shoulder Repair $8,000 Road Surface Repair/ Granular A Type 2 $1,000 Culvert Repair $3,000 Additional Labour and Equipment $2,000

Sub Total $35,500 5.3 Site 3 - Third Concession Road

Table 8: Third Concession Road - Capital Cost Estimate of Repairs

Item Total Cost of Item

Rock Protection $24,750 Grading and Shaping Shoreline $6,000 Shoulder Repair $8,000 Road Surface Repair/ Granular A Type 2 $1,500 Culvert Repair $2,000

Sub Total $42,250

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure October 15, 2019

5.4 Site 4 - Sand Beach Conservation Area

Table 9: Sand Beach Conservation Area - Capital Cost Estimate of Repairs

Item - Restoration Total Cost of Item

Revegetation $50,000 Importing Sand $125,000 Slope and Shoreline Repair $25,000 Subtotal $200,000 Item -Protection Armour Stone $125,000 Total $325,000

5.5 Site 5 - South Shore Road

Table 10: South Shore Road - Capital Cost Estimate of Repairs

Item Total Cost of Item

Rock Protection $27,500 Grading and Shaping Shoreline $4,000 Shoulder Repair $6,000 Road Surface Repair/ Granular A Type 2 $900 Culvert Repair $2,000

Sub Total $40,400

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure October 15, 2019

5.6 Site 6 – Centennial Park

Table 11: Centennial Park - Capital Cost Estimate of Repairs

Item Total Cost of Item

Rock Protection $2,750 Removing and replacing Rock Protection $2,400 Slope Repair $750

Sub Total $5,900

5.7 Site 7 – Finkle Shore Park

Table 12: Finkle Shore Park - Capital Cost Estimate of Repairs

Item Total Cost of Item

Culvert Repair $3,000 Stone Dust Path Repair $4,500

Sub Total $7,500

5.8 Site 8 – Stella Bay Dock

Table 13: Stella Bay Dock - Capital Cost Estimate of Repairs

Item Total Cost of Item

Armour Stone $1,500 Shoreline Repair $125

Sub Total $1,625

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure October 15, 2019

5.9 Site 9 – Bath Water Treatment Plant

Table 14: Bath Water Treatment Plant - Capital Cost Estimate of Repairs

Item Total Cost of Item

Armour Stone Retaining Wall Repairs $1,500

Sub Total $1,500

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure October 15, 2019

5.10 Total Cost Estimate of Remediation Plan

Table 15: Total Capital Cost Estimate of Repairs

Item Total Cost of Item

Front Road $23,900 Second Concession Rd $35,500 Third Concession Road $42,250 South Shore Road $40,400 Centennial Park $5,900 Finkle Shore Park $7,500 Sand Beach Conservation Area $325,000 Stella Bay Dock $1,625 Bath Water Treatment Plant $1,500 Erosion and sediment control/ Env protection $35,000

Sub Total $518,575 Engineering, Permits, DFO (10%) $51,858 Contingency (10%) $51,858

Total $622,290

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure October 15, 2019

6.0 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The following is a summary of the findings from this review:

1. Extensive shoreline erosion has occurred at each of the road inspection areas included in the study. 2. With minimal or no shoulder remaining in multiple areas, high water levels and/or storm events may lead to further erosion compromising the safety of the roads and leaving them vulnerable to collapse in places. 3. Where rehabilitation of the shoreline/ road shoulder is required, rock protection should be used for any proposed repair works. 4. Where bedrock is not an impediment, the rock protection layer should utilize a buried toe/ key to provide further stability to the shoreline, see Figure 11 below. 5. Where minimal or no shoulder remains, the shoulder should be restored using granular material, with a filter cloth layer to prevent potential wash-out of the rock protection.

Figure 11: Sample of Rock Protection Key

Appendix A Site Photographs

Shoulder erosion along Front Road Erosion at a culvert on Front Road

Shoulder erosion along Front Road Temporary repairs along Front Road

Debris and temporary repairs along Front Road Debris and shoulder erosion along Front Road

Shoulder erosion along 2nd Concession Road Shoulder erosion along 2nd Concession Road

Shoulder erosion along 2nd Concession Road

Shoulder erosion and surface damage along 3rd Concession Road

rd Shoulder erosion and surface damage on 3 Concession Road Damaged culvert on 3rd Concession Road

rd Shoulder erosion and surface damage on 3 Concession Road Temporary Repairs on 3rd Concession Road

Shoulder Condition along South Shore Road

Shoulder erosion and surface damage on 3rd Concession Road

Shoulder Condition along South Shore Road

Erosion behind the gabion wall at Centennial Park Damaged gabion retaining wall at Centennial Park

Erosion behind the armor stone retaining wall at Centennial Park Erosion behind the armor stone retaining wall at Centennial Park

Partially submerged retaining wall at Centennial Park Erosion behind the armor stone retaining wall at Centennial Park

Damaged culvert at Finkle Shore Park Damaged path and culvert at Finkle Shore Park

Appendix B Sand Beach Conservation Area Monitoring Report

Year 5 Monitoring Report

Sand Beach –Wetlands Conservation Area 5945 Third Concession Road, Amherst Island Loyalist Township, Ontario

prepared for

The Corporation of Loyalist Township 263 Main St. Odessa, ON

ECOLOGICAL SERVICES

Report Author Signature: Date 12 July 2019

Sand Beach-Wetland Conservation Area 5-Year Monitoring Report - 2019 (formerly Baxter Property)

Purpose of Monitoring: Monitoring is intended to ensure that the natural values of the Property are protected according to the objective outlined in the Stewardship Plan.

Summary of Monitoring Results:  the 4 ha thicket swamp that is part of the Long Point Marsh Provincially Significant Wetland remains intact with little change;  the 2.5 ha Green Ash – Red Maple stand identified as significant woodland by the Cataraqui Region CA remains intact with little change;  the kilometer long sand and gravel beachfront is almost entirely inundated byhigh lake levels in 2019 (also 2017). High lake levels and associated wave action has resulted in significant erosion and undercutting of the dune-barrier beach shoreline and the felling of many mature cottonwood trees (further destabilizing the dunes). This has rendered >90% of the beach area publicly inaccessible;  the same species at risk (SAR) reported in the Baseline Documentation Report were again observed in 2019 in similar numbers (indicating population stability). These include Bobolink (THR), Barn Swallow (THR), Eastern Wood Pewee (SC), Snapping Turtle (SC) and Monarch (SC). In addition, Least Bittern (THR) were also heard calling from within Long Point Marsh;  the 9 ha of managed hayfield continues to support a sustainable breeding population of Bobolink (THR) and remains in good condition;  Kurt Hennige (KFN) reported milksnake road mortality along the access road through the site;  Amherst Island provides habitat for representative and globally rare species. The diversity of ecological systems provides excellent habitat for waterfowl and fish species and is recognized as a globally significant Important Bird Area (IBA).

5-Year Monitoring Report: Sand Beach Wetlands Conservation Area

Basic information about the property and site visit Property Sand Beach Wetlands CA (formerly Baxter Property) Date of visit: 1. June 9th, 2019 2. July 3rd, 2019 Time in: 1. 07:15 2. 09:00 Time out: 1. 13:30 2. 13:00 Person(s) conducting site visit Name Dale Kristensen Phone no.613-252-3156 e-mail [email protected] Name Kurt Hennige Phone no. 613 876-1804 e-mail [email protected] Did you notify contact in advance of your visit? Contact Fania Schamehorn Loyalist Twp Y or N Y Did contact accompany you on this visit? Y or N N Name Corporation of Loyalist Township Contact Name: Fania Schamehorn Contact Title: Administration/Project Assistant Recreation & Corporate Services Loyalist Township Address P.O. Box 70, 263 Main Street City/ province/ postal Odessa, K0H 2H0 code Phone number (613) 386-7351, ext. 175 e-mail [email protected]

1. General Property Information Type of Agreement: land donation fee simple

Property address: 5945 Third Concession Road

Legal Description: PT LT 84 CON 3 AMHERST ISLAND PTS 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 & 11 29R7776; S/T Easement Over PTS 2, 6, 8 &11 29R7776 in favour of PT LT 84CON 3 as in LA269860 (Parcel 2); S/T over PTS 2,4,6,7,8,10 and 11 ON 29R7776 as in LA 269860; S/T LA86837; S/T LA230044; LOYALIST TOWNSHIP. Herein referred to as the Property

Deed Registry Number: LX52880 STELLA

Property Roll Number: 1104030-01031100

Location UTM Reference: (WGS84) 18T 362231 4885717

Topographic Map Sheet Number: 031C02 BATH

Surface Area: 22 hectares (54 acres)

Directions to the Property: The Property is located on Lake Ontario along the south shore of Amherst Island in Loyalist Township approximately 6.5 km SSW of Stella, at the junction of Third Concession Road and Beach Road. The Property can be accessed via a municipal right-of- way (Beach Road) at a locked gate at 5945 Third Concession Road.

Figure 1. Property location, photo referencing and monitoring stations.

Monitoring GPS Coordinate Reason Established Station (WGS 84 18T) 1 361357.00 E - Check condition of beach access trail, washroom and parking 4886089.00 N facilities and access gate 2 361703.64E - Check status of viewing platform and wetland buffer vegetation 4885969.01N - Check status of secondary trail restoration efforts 3 361653.75E - Check status of beach and dune system integrity (no trails) 4885966.63N 4 361996.06E - Check for unauthorized ATV access across dune meadow 4885723.35N 5 362276.27E - Check status of thicket swamp and survey for wildlife species use 4885801.28N 6 362314.89E - Check status of open meadow succession and wildlife species 1 4885949.08N diversity 7 362450.00E - Check condition of farm trail onto adjoining shoreline property 2 3 4885940.00N 6 7

2. Preparation for each visit 5 When? Tasks to accomplish before your monitoring visit Done? 4 (D/M/Y) Establish the date(s) for monitoring. Y 9/06/19 Send reminder to participants two weeks before monitoring date

Review Stewardship Plan (especially its Objectives section), past monitoring reports (especially the section on Y "recommendations for next year's monitoring visit"). Look at air photos, site photos. 9/06/19

Plan monitoring route and pinpoint photo stations Y 9/06/19

Assemble field kit to take (map, compass, air photos, BDR, camera, GPS unit, survey tape, first aid kit, food/water.) - Take copy of species list, sorted on category then common name Y 9/06/19 - Take markers, hammer, access con troll signage, nails, garbage bags, flagging tape

Note requirements to be fulfilled after your visit (listed at end) - Immediately report potential or actual covenant violations to Land Acquisition Committee Y 20/06/19

About this visit Notes

Is this an annual monitoring visit (yes/no)? 5-year monitoring If no, reason for visit Species inventory and site integrity monitoring

3. Descriptive Summary: See recommendations summary Section 10.

4. Route Taken: followed suggested route via waterfront trail to hayfields, south to swamp/cottage lakefront and return. Focus was on shoreline degradation and species updates. Photos geotagged and mapped (See Figure 1 and Appendices 1 and 2)

5. General Photo Information Camera Make and Model: iPhone 6S GPS Make and Model: iPhone 6S GPS Tracks app Photographer: Dale Kristensen Number of photos taken: 18 Number of photos included: 17

For each Individual Photo

Please refer to Appendix 1 photo details and Figure 1 photo locations.

6. Public Facility and Use Information

Public Facility Status Status or √ in Photo’d? Category Condition Describe, note location (include public comments) use (Y) or (N) Issue Change room/washroom n n n/a Parking Area n n No concerns Gate Access n n No concerns Wetland Viewing Platform n n No concerns Beach Road n n Speed and road mortality of snakes/turtles – signage recommended Beach front Trail y y Serious degradation as a result of high water and wave action Other (describe)

7. Disturbance Information

Natural disturbances identified √ if Old (O) or Photo’d? Category Describe, note location found New (N) (Y) or (N) Erosion √ N (2017) Y Serious erosion of sand dune-barrier beach along entire length Fire Flooding √ N (2017) Y Inundation of sand beach waterfront area Heavy deer browse Siltation Windfall √ N (2017) Y Undercutting of dune-barrier beach by waves and high water has led to felling of numerous mature cottonwood trees further destabilizing shoreline Invasive Species concern √ N Y Swallowwort identified along field hedgerow. Other (describe)

Human disturbances identified √ if Old (O) or Category Describe, note location found New (N) Animals, stray Animals, trapping Animal/fish poaching Biking, ATVs, other √ N K. Hennige reported road mortality (single milksnake) in spring of 2019 presumably from vehicles local landowner vehicle traffic as it occurred east of the public access gate Camping Human disturbances identified √ if Old (O) or Category Describe, note location found New (N) Construction, unauthorized Dumping, litter (ID type) Fencing, damage to Fires Herbicides/ pesticides Horseback riding Livestock grazing Mining, claims stakes Mining, exploration Road alteration Shoreline alteration Shoreline weed harvesting Signs, damage to Species, introduction of √ N Swallowwort in farm field hedgerow – non-deliberate introduction new Trees, logging Trespassing Vandalism Vegetation harvesting Vegetation trampling Wildlife feeding Other (describe)

Hazards √ if Old (O) or Category Describe, note location found New (N) Pits, wells Poison ivy/Wild Parsnip Tree fragility √ N (2017) Extensive loss of mature cottonwood trees along shoreline dunes due to wave action/high water undercutting of roots Other (describe)

Trails √ if Old (O) or Category Describe, note location found New (N) Formal, authorized Informal, unauthorized

Recreational activity identified √ if found Allowed (A) Activity √ if found Allowed (A) Activity Prohibited (P) Prohibited (P) Beach recreation √ A Motorized vehicle use on road √ A Berry picking Motorized vehicle off road Boating √ A Photography √ A Birdwatching √ A Picnicking Camping Rock climbing Cross-country skiing Skating Cycling Snowmobiling Dog walking/training √ A Snowshoeing Fishing Swimming Hiking Trapping Horseback riding Other (describe) Hunting

8. General Species Information

Flora Note any species not previously reported in original inventory and any significant changes to the flora. Attach list if necessary. Please see Appendix 6 Notes: several beach habitat plant species identified in Baseline documentation are now gone as a result of shoreline inundation and wave action - Four new (common) species identified in 2019, but plant diversity remains virtually identical to original report

Fauna Note any species not previously reported in original inventory and any significant changes to the fauna. Attach list if necessary. Please see Appendices 3 - 5 - Wildlife populations remain similar to that reported in the Baseline Documentation Report. SAR species populations appear stable - 11 previously unreported bird species identified on May 26th, but most are migratory and do not breed on site - 1 new snake species (milksnake) reported found dead on road

Species at Risk Note all species at risk observed. Provide GPS location and associated habitat. Indicate numbers and any other relevant details (age, sex, activity) 1. Bobolink (13 breeding adults, all male) within hayfield habitat observed June 9th; also 49 observed on May 15th, but mainly migratory 18N 362349 4885942 2. Eastern Wood Pewee (2 adults) within maple-willow swamp forest May 26th and June 9th 18N 362561 4885800 3. Least Bittern (10) calling from within Long Point Marsh June 9th responded to playback 18N 361929 4885943 4. Barn Swallows (6) observed on May 26th and June 9th aerial foraging over Long Point Marsh 18N 361512 4886102 5. Snapping Turtle (nests only) observed at several locations along access trail and dunes – all predated upon 6. Monarch flying across site at several locations June 9th and July 3rd, several individuals only (more expected during migration period)

9. Summary of Possible Concerns (use separate page for details of problems)

Concern Problem Comments dune erosion √ Significant loss of dune-barrier beach from high lake levels in 2017 and 2019 and associated wave action – undercutting of tree roots has caused substantial felling of cottonwood trees which has further destabilized dune stability beach deterioration √ High lake levels resulting in near complete inundation of the narrow sand and gravel beach front rendering the site unusable for public recreation. May be loss of materials as well, but potential recovery of beach front when lake levels drop ATV/snowmobile

- new tracks or ruts other vehicles Reported road mortality (milksnake) by traffic along access road – presumed to be local landowners or authorized users – signage or other forms of communication warranted unauthorized parking boating dumping pesticides hunting fences cut trees collecting wood non-native plants √ Few swallowwort plants along fields – unintentional introduction – control measures recommended (hand picking) wetland woodland meadow

√ if Management needed Response Required Fencing Garbage removal Revegetation √ Repairs √ Signage √ Other (specify) √ Restoration of dunes and beach access if possible

10. Recommendations for Next Monitoring Visit

Recommendations and summary comments Anything else that needs documenting in this report 1. The dune-barrier beach zone was severely impacted by high water levels and associated wave action in both 2017 and 2019 (both record years of high lake levels). The resulting erosion and loss of mature trees has rendered most of the beach front inaccessible. At time of writing, the sand beach remains inundated which detracts from the primary reason for public visitation. On the positive side, the sand beach appears to be largely intact beneath the water, so as water levels recede, the narrow beach may again be usable. Regardless, safe access to the beach has been destroyed or rendered difficult by the presence of steep eroded banks and significant amounts of fallen timber and debris. Typically, having a vegetated dune system such as what is present at Sand Beach Wetlands CA would help stabilize shifting sands thus protecting them from erosion from wind and wave action (as well as foot traffic). Unfortunately, lake levels and wave action have been so severe that tree roots were undercut causing the trees to fall which in so doing degraded dune stability even further. 2. Remediation efforts required to return the dunes to their former condition would be enormously difficult and expensive, requiring advanced geo-engineering efforts as well as large volumes of material brought in *(sands, revegetation, stabilization structures). An alternative approach would be to install permanent beach access structures (stairs and boardwalks) across the dunes in order to provide safe public access to the beach without further harming the dune system. Before this can be done, many of the fallen trees will need to be removed from the dune-beach area. 3. Remediation efforts will only be of value once the sand beach becomes exposed as lake levels drop. An assessment of the viability of the beach area for public access is recommended at this time, including determinations as to whether sand should be brought in to augment what remains. 4. Management of the CA for wildlife has been successful as SAR populations remain similar to 2014 records, particularly w.r.t. the maintenance of the hayfields for bobolinks. The only recommendation for change is to post signage in order to reduce possible wildlife road mortality. As this is a result of authorized access by a small number of local landowners/users, other forms of engagement may suffice. 5. Removal and monitoring of particularly aggressive invasive weeds, particularly swallowwort (or dog-strangling vine) is recommended

Acknowledgement of monitoring

We the undersigned accept and acknowledge that this monitoring report and its schedules are to the best of our knowledge an accurate description of the natural features and land uses on the property at the report date.

Dale Kristensen Monitor's name

Monitor's signature

July 15th, 2019 Date

Reviewer's name

Reviewer's signature

Date

APPENDIX 1. GPS coordinates* for photo series. For map positioning see Figure 1.

Photo UTM Coordinates Orient. Notes and Purpose of Photo 1 18N 361453E 4886046N 275 Northern watersnake (species of interest) 2 18N 361360E 4886079N 80 Long Point Marsh near CA access gate (condition unchanged) 3 18N 361506E 4886031N 100 Sand Beach access point showing high water (inundation) 4 18N 361513E 4886022N 280 Sand beach access point and picnic area (inundation) 5 18N 361528E 4886032N 120 Cottonwood trees felled as a result of high water wave action 6 18N 361561E 4886016N 120 As above 7 18N 361588E 4886007N 120 Dune erosion and tree loss 8 18N 361612E 4885994N 120 As above 9 18N 361616E 4885986N 280 As above 10 18N 361762E 4885926N 120 As above 11 18N 361814E 4885881N 120 As above 12 18N 362030E 4885712N 300 Remaining gravel beach area (condition unchanged) 13 18N 362044E 4885711N 90 Sedge meadow near gravel beach (some inundation) 14 Deleted 15 18N 362184E 4885771N 150 Green ash-red maple swamp forest (condition unchanged) 16 18N 362263E 4885888N 70 Managed hayfield habitat (bobolink site – condition unchanged) 17 18N 362369E 4886063N 240 Swallowwort observation (invasive species concern) 18 18N 362556E 4885893N 240 Maple-willow swamp (condition unchanged)

*GPS error +/- 3 meters APPENDIX 2. Sand Beach –Wetlands Photo Series (June 9th 2019)

Photo 1. Northern watersnake (Nerodia sipedon), basking on shoreline debris

Photo 2. Long Point Marsh near CA entrance. Note high water level compared to previous years.

Photo 3. Beach access point. Note debris and unseasonally high lake level reducing sand beach frontage by several metres.

Photo 4. Sand beach access point and picnic area (west view). Note debris and high lake level reducing width of beach.

Photo 5. Unseasonably high lake levels in spring and summer of 2017 and 2019 has resulted in wave action eroding the sand dune barrier beach and exposing the roots of cottonwood trees. As a result many trees have fallen over and in the process destabilized more of the dune substrate.

Photo 6. See Photo 5 description.

Photos 7 and 8. Although not clear, these pictures show an approx. 2 metre sheer drop off from the top of the dune down to the water’s edge as a result of wave erosion in 2017 and 2019.

Photos 9 and 10. As described above.

Photo 11. Felled cottonwood trees and significant dune erosion along beach area. Note that the former sand beach area is now completely inundated by high lake levels.

Photo 12. One of the few beachfront areas remaining relatively unscathed by high water wave action (Monitoring Station 4).

Photo 13. Sedge/grass meadow area near Monitoring Station 4. Note level of inundation from high lake levels.

Photo 15. Edge of green ash-red maple swamp (condition unchanged).

Photo 16. Hayfield habitat supporting population of breeding bobolink (Status: THR)

Photo 17, Swallowwort (dog-strangling vine) in field hedgerow.

Photo 18. Maple and willow swamp (condition unchanged).

APPENDIX 3a. Bird count at Sand Beach-Wetlands CA - May 15th, 2019 (Kurt Hennige, Observer). Also includes adjacent hayfield east of CA. * refers to new species encounter Species Count Mallard 6 Mourning Dove 5 Ring-billed Gull 1 Double-crested Cormorant 3 Turkey Vulture 2 Red-tailed Hawk 1 Northern Flicker 1 Warbling Vireo 1 Red-eyed Vireo 1 Blue Jay 3 American Crow 7 Common Raven 1 House Wren 1 Wood Thrush 3 American Robin 13 Gray Catbird 1 European Starling 40 Savannah Sparrow 2 Song Sparrow 22 Bobolink 49 Red-winged Blackbird 93 Brown-headed Cowbird 2 Common Grackle 5 Common Yellowthroat 4 Yellow Warbler 15 Northern Cardinal 7 Rose-breasted Grosbeak 3

APPENDIX 3b. Bird count at Sand Beach-Wetlands CA - May 26th, 2019 (Kurt Hennige, Observer). * refers to new species encounter

Species Count Canada Goose 16 Wood Duck 1 Mourning Dove 2 Ruby-throated Hummingbird 1 Killdeer 2 Ring-billed Gull 4 Caspian Tern 2 Double-crested Cormorant 7 Great Blue Heron 1 Belted Kingfisher 1 Downy Woodpecker 1 Northern Flicker 2 Olive-sided Flycatcher* 1 Eastern Wood-Pewee 1 Yellow-bellied Flycatcher* 1 Alder Flycatcher* 1 Least Flycatcher 1 Eastern Kingbird 2 Philadelphia Vireo* 1 Warbling Vireo 4 Red-eyed Vireo 6 Blue Jay 4 Northern Rough-winged Swallow 11 Tree Swallow 8 Barn Swallow 4 Black-capped Chickadee 1 White-breasted Nuthatch 1 House Wren 1 House Wren (Northern) 1 Veery* 1 American Robin 5 Gray Catbird 3 Brown Thrasher 1 European Starling 3 American Goldfinch 4 Chipping Sparrow 1 Song Sparrow 3 Swamp Sparrow 2 Bobolink 2 Baltimore Oriole 2 Red-winged Blackbird 16 Common Grackle 3 Tennessee Warbler* 7 Orange-crowned Warbler* 1 Common Yellowthroat 4 American Redstart* 4 Magnolia Warbler* 7 Bay-breasted Warbler* 4 Blackburnian Warbler* 4 Yellow Warbler 14 Chestnut-sided Warbler* 4 Yellow-rumped Warbler 1 Northern Cardinal 1 Rose-breasted Grosbeak 2

APPENDIX 3c. Bird count at Sand Beach-Wetlands CA – June 9th, 2019 (D. Kristensen, Observer). * refers to new species encounter

Species Count Canada Goose 8 Wood Duck 1 Common Merganser 4 Mourning Dove 4 Ruby-throated Hummingbird 1 Wilson's Snipe 1 Least Bittern 1 Ring-billed Gull 12 Caspian Tern 2 Double-crested Cormorant 2 Great Blue Heron 2 Belted Kingfisher 1 Downy Woodpecker 1 Northern Flicker 1 Willow Flycatcher 1 Eastern Wood-Pewee 2 Alder Flycatcher 1 Least Flycatcher 1 Great-crested Flycatcher 2 Eastern Kingbird 4 Eastern Phoebe 1 Philadelphia Vireo* 2 Warbling Vireo 5 Red-eyed Vireo 4 Blue Jay 7 Northern Rough-winged Swallow 10 Tree Swallow 8 Barn Swallow 6 Purple Martin 4 Black-capped Chickadee 2 White-breasted Nuthatch 2 House Wren 2 Marsh Wren 2 American Robin 6 Gray Catbird 5 Brown Thrasher 3 European Starling 8 Cedar Waxwing 4 American Goldfinch 3 Chipping Sparrow 2 Song Sparrow 6 Swamp Sparrow 6 Bobolink 13 Baltimore Oriole 4 Red-winged Blackbird 20 Common Grackle 6 Nashville Warbler* 1 Common Yellowthroat 12 American Redstart* 2 Yellow Warbler 10 Chestnut-sided Warbler* 2 Yellow-rumped Warbler 4 Northern Cardinal 2 Rose-breasted Grosbeak 2

APPENDIX 4. Mammal species observations at Sand Beach-Wetlands CA – 2019 (D. Kristensen). * refers to new species encounter

Blarina brevicauda Northern Short-tailed Shrew S5 SORICIDAE Canis latrans Coyote S5 CANIDAE Castor canadensis Beaver S5 CASTORIDAE Microtus pennsylvanicus Meadow Vole S5 MURIDAE Odocoileus virginianus White-tailed Deer S5 CERVIDAE Ondatra zibethicus Muskrat S5 MURIDAE Peromyscus maniculatus Deer Mouse S5 MURIDAE Sciurus carolinensis Eastern Gray Squirrel S5 SCIURIDAE Tamias striatus Eastern Chipmunk S5 SCIURIDAE Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Red Squirrel S5 SCIURIDAE Vulpes vulpes Red Fox S5 CANIDAE

APPENDIX 5. Herpetofaunal species observations at Sand Beach-Wetlands CA – 2019 (D. Kristensen, Kurt Hennige Observers). * refers to new species encounter

Anaxyrus americanus American Toad S5 Bufonidae Hyla versicolor Gray Treefrog S5 Hylidae Lampropeltis triangulum Eastern Milksnake NAR S3 Colubridae Lithobates catesbeianus American Bullfrog S4 Ranidae Lithobates clamitans Green Frog S5 Ranidae Lithobates pipiens Northern Leopard Frog NAR S5 Ranidae Lithobates sylvaticus Wood Frog S5 Ranidae Chelydra serpentina Snapping Turtle SC S3 Chelydridae Chrysemys picta marginata Midland Painted Turtle S5 Emydidae Nerodia sipedon sipedon* Common Watersnake NAR S5 Colubridae Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis Eastern Gartersnake S5 Colubridae

APPENDIX 6. Plant species observations at Sand Beach-Wetlands CA – June 9th, 2019 (D. Kristensen, Observer). * refers to new species encounter

Acer negundo Box Elder S5 Aceraceae Acer rubrum Red Maple S5 Aceraceae Agrostis capillaris Colonial Bentgrass SNA Poaceae Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bentgrass S5 Poaceae Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard SNA Brassicaceae Alnus incana Speckled Alder S5 Betulaceae Amphicarpaea bracteata American Hog-peanut S5 Fabaceae Anemone canadensis Canada Anemone S5 Ranunculaceae Apios americana American Groundnut S5 Fabaceae Apocynum androsaemifolium* Spreading Dogbane S5 Apocynaceae Aquilegia canadensis Wild Columbine S5 Ranunculaceae Aralia hispida* Bristly Sarsaparilla S5 Araliaceae Aralia nudicaulis Wild Sarsaparilla S5 Araliaceae Arctium minus Lesser Burdock SNA Asteraceae Arenaria serpyllifolia Thyme-leaf Sandwort SNA Caryophyllaceae Arisaema triphyllum Jack-in-the-pulpit S5 Araceae Berteroa incana* False Hoary-Alyssum SNA Brassicaceae Betula alleghaniensis Yellow Birch S5 Betulaceae Betula papyrifera Paper Birch S5 Betulaceae Bromus ciliatus Fringed Brome S5 Poaceae Bromus inermis Awnless Brome SNA Poaceae Calamagrostis canadensis Canada Blue-joint S5 Poaceae Calla palustris Wild Calla S5 Araceae Callitriche palustris Vernal Water Starwort S5 Callitrichaceae Caltha palustris Marsh Marigold S5 Ranunculaceae Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed S5 Convolvulaceae

Campanula aparinoides Marsh Bellflower S5 Campanulaceae Campanula rotundifolia American Harebell S5 Campanulaceae Cardamine pensylvanica Pennsylvania Bitter-cress S5 Brassicaceae Carex hirtifolia Pubescent Sedge S5 Cyperaceae Carex lacustris Lake-bank Sedge S5 Cyperaceae Carex spicata A Sedge SNA Cyperaceae Carex stipata Stalk-grain Sedge S5 Cyperaceae Carex vulpinoidea Fox Sedge S5 Cyperaceae Cichorium intybus Chicory SNA Asteraceae Cicuta bulbifera Bulb-bearing Water-hemlock S5 Apiaceae Cicuta maculata Spotted Water-hemlock S5 Apiaceae Cinna latifolia Slender Wood Reed-grass S5 Poaceae Circaea alpina Small Enchanter's Nightshade S5 Onagraceae Circaea canadensis Broad-leaved Enchanter's Nightshade S5 Onagraceae Cirsium arvense Canada Thistle SNA Asteraceae Cirsium palustre Marsh Thistle SNA Asteraceae Cirsium vulgare Bull Thistle SNA Asteraceae Cornus amomum Silky Dogwood S5 Cornaceae Cornus racemosa Gray Dogwood S5 Cornaceae Cornus sericea Red-osier Dogwood S5 Cornaceae Cyananchum rossicum* European Swallowwort SNA Apocynaceae Dactylis glomerata Orchard Grass SNA Poaceae Decodon verticillatus Hairy Swamp Loosestrife S5 Lythraceae Echinocystis lobata Wild Mock-cucumber S5 Cucurbitaceae Elymus virginicus var. virginicus Virginia Wild Rye S5 Poaceae Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail S5 Equisetaceae Erigeron philadelphicus Philadelphia Fleabane S5 Asteraceae Erigeron strigosus Daisy Fleabane S5 Asteraceae Eurybia macrophylla Large-leaf Wood-aster S5 Asteraceae Fallopia dumetorum Hedge Bindweed SNA Polygonaceae Festuca rubra Red Fescue SNA Poaceae Fragaria virginiana Virginia Strawberry S5 Rosaceae Fraxinus americana White Ash S4? Oleaceae Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash S5 Oleaceae Galium asprellum Rough Bedstraw S5 Rubiaceae Galium mollugo Great Hedge Bedstraw SNA Rubiaceae Geranium maculatum* Wild Geranium S5 Geraniaceae Geranium robertianum Herb-robert SNA Geraniaceae Geum canadense White Avens S5 Rosaceae Geum laciniatum Rough Avens S4 Rosaceae Glechoma hederacea Ground Ivy SNA Lamiaceae Heracleum maximum Cow-parsnip S5 Apiaceae Hesperis matronalis Dame's Rocket SNA Brassicaceae Hydrocharis morsus-ranae European Frogbit SNA Hydrocharitaceae Hydrocotyle americana American Water-pennywort S5 Apiaceae Hypericum perforatum A St. John's-wort SNA Clusiaceae Hypericum punctatum Common St. John's-wort S5 Clusiaceae Impatiens capensis Spotted Jewel-weed S5 Balsaminaceae Iris versicolor Blueflag S5 Iridaceae Juncus balticus Baltic Rush S5 Juncaceae

Laportea canadensis Wood Nettle S5 Urticaceae Leonurus cardiaca Common Mother-wort SNA Lamiaceae Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye Daisy SNA Asteraceae Lonicera tatarica Tartarian Honeysuckle SNA Caprifoliaceae Lycopus americanus American Bugleweed S5 Lamiaceae Maianthemum racemosum False Solomon's-seal S5 Liliaceae Maianthemum stellatum Starflower False Solomon's-seal S5 Liliaceae Matricaria discoidea Pineapple-weed Chamomile SNA Asteraceae Medicago lupulina Black Medic SNA Fabaceae Medicago sativa Alfalfa SNA Fabaceae Melilotus officinalis Yellow Sweetclover SNA Fabaceae Mentha arvensis Corn Mint S5 Lamiaceae Oenothera biennis Common Evening-primrose S5 Onagraceae Osmorhiza claytonii Hairy Sweet-cicely S5 Apiaceae Ostrya virginiana Eastern Hop-hornbeam S5 Betulaceae Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary Grass S5 Poaceae Phleum pratense Meadow Timothy SNA Poaceae Phragmites australis European Reed SNA Poaceae Picea abies Norway Spruce SNA Pinaceae Picea glauca White Spruce S5 Pinaceae Pilosella praealta King Devil SNA Asteraceae Pinus banksiana Jack Pine S5 Pinaceae Pinus resinosa Red Pine S5 Pinaceae Pinus sylvestris Scotch Pine SNA Pinaceae Poa compressa Canada Bluegrass SNA Poaceae Poa palustris Fowl Bluegrass S5 Poaceae Poa pratensis ssp. pratensis Kentucky Bluegrass S5 Poaceae Podophyllum peltatum May Apple S5 Berberidaceae Populus alba White Poplar SNA Salicaceae Populus balsamifera Balsam Poplar S5 Salicaceae Populus deltoides ssp. deltoides Eastern Cottonwood SU Salicaceae Populus tremuloides Trembling Aspen S5 Salicaceae Potentilla argentea Silvery Cinquefoil SNA Rosaceae Potentilla norvegica Norwegian Cinquefoil S5 Rosaceae Potentilla recta Sulphur Cinquefoil SNA Rosaceae Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil SNA Rosaceae Prunella vulgaris Self-Heal SNA Lamiaceae Prunus virginiana Choke Cherry S5 Rosaceae Pteridium aquilinum Bracken Fern S5 Dennstaedtiaceae Quercus alba White Oak S5 Fagaceae Quercus macrocarpa Mossy-cup Oak S5 Fagaceae Quercus rubra Northern Red Oak S5 Fagaceae Ranunculus acris Tall Butter-cup SNA Fagaceae Ranunculkus aquatilius White-water Buttercup S5 Ranunculaceae Ranunculus fascicularis Early Buttercup S4 Ranunculaceae Ribes americanum Wild Black Currant S5 Grossulariaceae Ribes cynosbati Prickly Gooseberry S5 Grossulariaceae Ribes triste Swamp Red Currant S5 Grossulariaceae Robinia pseudoacacia Black Locust SNA Fabaceae Rosa blanda Smooth Rose S5 Rosaceae

Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus Wild Red Raspberry S5 Rosaceae Rubus odoratus Purple Flowering Raspberry S5 Rosaceae Rudbeckia hirta var. hirta Black-eyed Susan SU Asteraceae Rumex acetosella Sheep Sorrel SNA Polygonaceae Rumex crispus Curly Dock SNA Polygonaceae Rumex verticillatus Swamp Dock S4 Polygonaceae Salix cordata Sand Dune Willow S4S5 Salicaceae Salix discolor Pussy Willow S5 Salicaceae Salix fragilis Crack Willow SNA Salicaceae Salix petiolaris Meadow Willow S5 Salicaceae Sambucus canadensis Common Elderberry S5 Caprifoliaceae Silene noctiflora Night-flowering Catchfly SNA Caryophyllaceae Silene vulgaris Maiden's Tears SNA Caryophyllaceae Solanum dulcamara Climbing Nightshade SNA Solanaceae Solidago canadensis var. canadensis Canada Goldenrod S5 Asteraceae Sonchus arvensis ssp. arvensis SNA Asteraceae Sonchus palustris Marsh Sow thistle SNA Asteraceae Sparganium eurycarpum Large Bur-reed S5 Sparganiaceae Spiraea alba Narrow-leaved Meadow-sweet S5 Rosaceae Taxus canadensis Canadian Yew S4 Taxaceae Thalictrum pubescens Tall Meadow-rue S5 Ranunculaceae Thlaspi arvense Field Penny-cress SNA Brassicaceae Thuja occidentalis Eastern White Cedar S5 Cupressaceae Tilia americana American Basswood S5 Tiliaceae Toxicodendron radicans Climbing Poison Ivy S5 Anacardiaceae Tragopogon dubius Meadow Goat's-beard SNA Asteraceae Tragopogon pratensis Meadow Goat's-beard SNA Asteraceae Trifolium campestre Low Hop Clover SNA Fabaceae Trifolium hybridum Alsike Clover SNA Fabaceae Trifolium pratense Red Clover SNA Fabaceae Trifolium repens White Clover SNA Fabaceae Trillium erectum Red Trillium S5 Liliaceae Trillium grandiflorum White Trillium S5 Liliaceae Typha latifolia Broad-leaf Cattail S5 Typhaceae Ulmus americana American Elm S5 Ulmaceae Urtica dioica ssp. dioica Nettle SNA Urticaceae Verbascum thapsus Great Mullein SNA Scrophulariaceae Viburnum acerifolium Maple-leaved Viburnum S5 Caprifoliaceae Viburnum lentago Nannyberry S5 Caprifoliaceae Viburnum recognitum Southern Arrow-wood S4 Caprifoliaceae Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch SNA Fabaceae Viola adunca Sand Violet S4S5 Violaceae Viola cucullata Marsh Blue Violet S5 Violaceae Viola sororia Woolly Blue Violet S5 Violaceae Vitis riparia Riverbank Grape S5 Vitaceae Xanthium strumarium Rough Cockle-bur S5 Asteraceae Zanthoxylum americanum Northern Prickly Ash S5 Rutaceae

Appendix C 2017 Loyalist Township Flood Damage Report

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure

August 31, 2017

BT Eng Project 17-026 Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure August 31, 2017

Table of Contents

1.0 Introduction ...... 1

2.0 Location of Flood Damaged Infrastructure ...... 1

3.0 Background information ...... 4

4.0 Site Inspection and recommendations ...... 5 4.1 Site 1 - Front Road ...... 5 4.1.1 Site Inspection ...... 5 4.1.2 Recommendations ...... 5 4.2 Site 2 - Second Concession Road ...... 6 4.2.1 Site Inspection ...... 6 4.2.2 Recommendations ...... 8 4.3 Site 3 - Third Concession Road ...... 8 4.3.1 Recommendations ...... 10 4.4 Site 4 - South Shore Road ...... 10 4.4.1 Recommendations ...... 11 4.5 Site 5 - Fairfield Water Treatment Plant (WTP) ...... 12

5.0 Preliminary Cost Estimate of Remediation Plan ...... 13 5.1 Site 1 - Front Road ...... 13 5.2 Site 2 - Second Concession Road ...... 13 5.3 Site 3 - Third Concession Road ...... 14 5.4 Site 4 - South Shore Road ...... 14 5.5 Site 5 - Fairfield Water Treatment Plant ...... 14 5.6 Total Cost Estimate of Remediation Plan ...... 15

6.0 Summary of Findings and Recommendations ...... 15

List of Figures Figure 1: Loyalist Township ...... 1 Figure 2: Site 1 - Front Road ...... 2 Figure 3: Site 2 - Second Concession Road ...... 3 Figure 4: Site 3 - Third Concession Road ...... 3 Figure 5: Site 4 - South Shore Road ...... 4 Figure 6: Site 5- Fairfield WTP ...... 4

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure August 31, 2017

Figure 7: Sample of Rock Protection Key ...... 15 List of Tables Table 1: Site 1 - Front Road ...... 5 Table 2: Site 2 - Second Concession Road ...... 6 Table 3: Site 3 - Third Concession Road ...... 8 Table 4: Site 4 - South Shore Road ...... 10 Table 5: Front Road Capital Cost Estimate of repairs ...... 13 Table 6: Second Concession Road Capital Cost Estimate of repairs ...... 13 Table 7: Third Concession Road Capital Cost Estimate of repairs...... 14 Table 8: South Shore Road Capital Cost Estimate of repairs ...... 14 Table 9: Fairfield WTP Capital Cost Estimate of repairs ...... 14 Table 10: Total Capital Cost Estimate of repairs ...... 15 List of Tables Photo 1: Typical View of Front Road ...... 6 Photo 2: Site 2 - Second Concession Road looking southeast, opposite Civic 8750 ...... 7 Photo 3: Site 2 - Second Concession Road pre storm damage, opposite Civic 8750 ...... 7 Photo 4: Site 3 - Boat Launch, Third Concession Road looking east ...... 9 Photo 5: Site 3 - Pre Flood Damage, Boat Launch, Third Concession Road ...... 9 Photo 6: Site 4 - Typical view of South Shore Road looking east ...... 11 Photo 7: Rock embankment along the shoreline adjoining Fairfield WTP...... 12 Appendices Appendix A – Background Information Appendix B – Site Photographs

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure August 31, 2017

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The Corporation of Loyalist Township has engaged BT Engineering Inc to assess flood damage in several areas of the Township as a result of recent high water levels in Lake Ontario. This report presents proposed emergency remedial measures to repair the damaged infrastructure. The majority of the damaged areas are south and southwest facing shoreline areas where the prevailing winds combined with high water levels created increased wave action. The report outlines the site inspection findings and proposed remediation measures, including budgetary costs associated with the repairs.

2.0 LOCATION OF FLOOD DAMAGED INFRASTRUCTURE

The damaged infrastructure is located in Loyalist Township, Ontario, illustrated in Figure 1.

Amherstview

Amherst Island

Figure 1: Loyalist Township

Specific areas of interest in this review include, Front Road (Figure 2), Second Concession Road (Figure 3) Third Concession Road (Figure 4) and South Shore Road (Figure 5) all located on Am- herst Island, Ontario and the Fairfield Water Treatment Plant (WTP) (Figure 6), located in Am- herstview, Ontario

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure August 31, 2017

Figure 2: Site 1 - Front Road

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure August 31, 2017

Figure 3: Site 2 - Second Concession Road

Figure 4: Site 3 - Third Concession Road

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure August 31, 2017

Figure 5: Site 4 - South Shore Road

Figure 6: Site 5- Fairfield WTP

3.0 BACKGROUND INFORMATION

The flood damage investigated in this report resulted from the recent flood event experienced throughout Southern Ontario from high water levels in Lake Ontario. In May 2017 record high water levels were experienced. The five shoreline areas assessed in this report are predominantly south and southwest facing locations; they are largely exposed to Lake Ontario and the prevailing

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure August 31, 2017 wind. High water levels combined with prevailing winds affecting these areas led to unprecedent- ed wave action impacting the roads along the shoreline by eroding adjoining embankments and road shoulders.

Additional information is presented in Appendix A outlining the study area and Appendix B showing photographic evidence of the impacted areas.

4.0 SITE INSPECTION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Site inspections were carried out for each project area; the results are presented below:

4.1 Site 1 - Front Road

4.1.1 Site Inspection Located on the northwest part of Amherst Island, this short section (130m) of Front Road, with a narrow shoulder throughout, is low-lying and immediately adjoined by a stone wall. The inspection results are contained in Table 1 below. See Photo 1 for a typical view of Front Road looking east. This view illustrates the close proximity of the property to the north and the narrow shoulder on the shore side with potential for erosion of the roadway.

Inspection Area Front Road Section Length 130m Surface Type Gravel Surface Condition Mostly intact, short sections of rutting where flooding occurred Shoulder Condition Poor - Minimal shoulder remaining throughout this section Notes: This section of front road has minimal clearance on both sides, to the south an old stone wall Civic 15095 and the shoreline to the north. Shore- line erosion has left a minimal shoulder throughout and the trees lining the shore are in danger of being further undermined. A number of short sections of shoulder have been completely eroded

Table 1: Site 1 - Front Road

4.1.2 Recommendations The proximity of the adjoining stone wall to the shoreline leaves minimal roadway clearance along this section of Front Road and heightens the importance to preserve the existing shoulder at this location. It is recommended to provide some shoulder widening in the section where the flood/ storm event has completely eroded the shoulder and where minimal shoulder remains, approximately 80m in length. It is recommended to provide rock protection throughout this section to reduce the risk of the remaining shoulder eroding and potentially causing the road to fail. This will also protect the remaining tress lining the shoreline. To the east of the study area, where Front Road meets Emerald Road, the embankment surrounding an existing culvert outlet has been eroded, and it is recommended to add rock protection surrounding the culvert at this location.

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure August 31, 2017

Photo 1: Typical View of Front Road

4.2 Site 2 - Second Concession Road

Inspection Area Second Concession Road Section Length 500m Surface Type Gravel Surface Condition Mostly intact, rutting where flooding occurred, in particular at Civic 8750 Shoulder Condition large sections of shoulder eroded, particularly eastern end of inspection area Notes: Large sections of the shoulder have been eroded. In particular the eastern end of this section of Second Concession Road. A green area opposite Civic 8550 has been completely removed by flood water and rocky debris still remains. Some pavement damage is evident opposite Civic 8750. A number of trees have been uprooted by the flooding/ wave action, further destabilizing the road shoulder.

Table 2: Site 2 - Second Concession Road

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure August 31, 2017

Photo 2: Site 2 - Second Concession Road looking southeast, opposite Civic 8750

Photo 3: Site 2 - Second Concession Road pre storm damage, opposite Civic 8750

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure August 31, 2017

4.2.2 Recommendations The shoulder and green area opposite Civic 8750 has been severely eroded (see Appendix B), with none of the green area remaining. It is recommended to regrade this area and add granular material to enhance the eroded shoreline and shoulder. Rock protection will also be required in this area. Shoulder erosion has taken place throughout this section, and it is recommended to reconstruct the shoulder using granular fill and to add rock protection along this section, protecting the road shoulder and the remaining tree line, a natural barrier to wave action. One drainage outlet requires rock protection. A small amount of surface repair is required.

4.3 Site 3 - Third Concession Road Located on the southwest part of Amherst Island, the section of Third Concession Road (1 km) is exposed to the prevailing southwest winds and is low-lying. The inspection results are contained in Table 3 below. See Photo 4 and Photo 5 for a view of the boat launch area at the eastern end of the Third Concession Road study area.

Inspection Area Third Concession Road Section Length 1km Surface Type Gravel Surface Condition More extensive surface damage from flood water approximately 200m Shoulder Condition Poor – Minimal shoulder remaining throughout this section Notes: This section of Third Concession Road has been damaged for a large portion of the 1km inspection area. The majority of the damage has impacted the road shoulder adjoining the shoreline. A green strip running along the road edge has been eroded for approximately 75% of the study area. The boat launch area at the eastern end of the study area has also been damaged, with rock and other debris deposited. The Sand beach car park does not require any remedial work.

Table 3: Site 3 - Third Concession Road

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure August 31, 2017

Photo 4: Site 3 - Boat Launch, Third Concession Road looking east

Photo 5: Site 3 - Pre Flood Damage, Boat Launch, Third Concession Road

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure August 31, 2017

4.3.1 Recommendations As shown in Appendix B, extensive erosion of the shoreline and road shoulder has occurred, leaving the existing roadway susceptible to further damage and potentially unsafe for accommodating future storms and/or flooding events. The boat launch area at the eastern end of the study area has been damaged, and it is recommended to regrade this area and to add rock protection around a reformed boat launch. It is recommended to reconstruct the shoulder using granular fill and to add rock protection along this section (approximately 750m), protecting the road shoulder. Some larger boulder type material does exist along the shoreline for short sections of the study area. This material can be reused as rock protection. A number of drainage outlets require rock protection. More extensive road surface damage is evident here versus the other study areas and will the pavement will require resurfacing.

4.4 Site 4 - South Shore Road Located on the South of Amherst Island, this section of South Shore Road (450m) runs along the shoreline with a narrow shoulder and is slightly elevated above the lakefront. The inspection results are contained in Table 4 below. See Photo 6 for a typical view of South Shore Road, showing the eroded shoulder and embankment.

Inspection Area South Shore Road Section Length 450m Surface Type Gravel Surface Condition Mostly intact, short sections of repair required. Shoulder Condition Shoulder embankment has been severely eroded, further erosion will potentially lead to road failure/ collapse in places. Notes: There is minimal shoulder left in places and with the road slightly elevated above the shoreline (1-1.5m) the road is in danger of being undermined if eroded by further wave action and or high water levels. Extensive erosion of the embankment has taken place throughout this section. A number of drainage outlets require repair. Table 4: Site 4 - South Shore Road

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure August 31, 2017

Photo 6: Site 4 - Typical view of South Shore Road looking east

4.4.1 Recommendations As shown in Appendix B, extensive erosion of the shoreline and road shoulder has occurred, leaving the existing road way susceptible to further damage and potentially unsafe for accommodating future storms and/or flooding events. This is of particular concern along this section of South Shore Road due the elevated nature of the roadway and the erosion of the existing embankment leaving a shear earth face, which can be easily undermined by future wave action. It is recommended to reconstruct the shoulder using granular fill, a layer of filter cloth and to add rock protection along this section (approximately 350m), protecting the road shoulder. While other areas should utilize a stabilizing toe, the presence of bedrock at the toe of the embankment makes this impractical along South Shore Road. Also the elevated nature of South Shore Road will mean that a wider sloped arrangement of rock protection will be required compared to the other roads inspected. A number of drainage outlets require rock protection.

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure August 31, 2017

4.5 Site 5 - Fairfield Water Treatment Plant (WTP) Located in Amherstview, at the intersection of Bath Road and Fairfield Boulevard, the WTP has a steep formed rock embankment, sloping from the WTP access road to the lakefront. The south facing slope, exposed to wave action, suffered some damage during the flood event. The damage included the erosion of the rock protection at this location, a roughly 10m long section, leading to the collapse of armour stone topping the embankment. Some rock material has been put in place as a temporary measure and the armour stone replaced. It is proposed to remove all the material in the damaged section, and repair the slope with granular material and filter cloth. It is also proposed to replace the temporary rock protection with more robust adequately graded material and also add additional armour stone underneath the capping stone to prevent a recurrence of the partial slope collapse. See Photo 7 the rock embankment along the shoreline adjoining the Fair- field WTP.

Photo 7: Rock embankment along the shoreline adjoining Fairfield WTP.

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure August 31, 2017

5.0 PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATE OF REMEDIATION PLAN

A preliminary cost estimate of proposed remediation works for each of the inspection areas is pro- vided below. All cost estiamtes exclude any allowances for HST.

5.1 Site 1 - Front Road

Item Cost

Rock Protection $11,100 Grading and Shaping Shoreline $5,000 Shoulder Repair $5,000 Culvert Repair $3,000

Sub Total $24,100 Table 5: Front Road Capital Cost Estimate of repairs

5.2 Site 2 - Second Concession Road

Total Cost of Item Item Rock Protection $67,500 Grading and Shaping Shoreline $15,000 Shoulder Repair $32,000 Road Surface Repair/ Granular A Type 2 $3,000 Culvert Repair $3,000 Additional Labour and Equipment $7,000 Boat Launch Repair $5,000

Sub Total $132,500 Table 6: Second Concession Road Capital Cost Estimate of repairs

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure August 31, 2017

5.3 Site 3 - Third Concession Road

Total Cost of Item Item Rock Protection $101,250 Grading and Shaping Shoreline $24,000 Shoulder Repair $28,800 Road Surface Repair/ Granular A Type 2 $6,000 Culvert Repair $10,000

Sub Total $170,050 Table 7: Third Concession Road Capital Cost Estimate of repairs

5.4 Site 4 - South Shore Road

Total Cost of Item Item Rock Protection $94,050 Grading and Shaping shoreline $21,000 Shoulder Repair $30,000 Road Surface Repair/ Granular A Type 2 $3,000 Culvert Repair $10,000

Sub Total $158,050 Table 8: South Shore Road Capital Cost Estimate of repairs

5.5 Site 5 - Fairfield Water Treatment Plant

Total Cost of Item Item Rock Protection $2,000 Removing and Replacing Rock Protection $2,400 Slope Repair $750 Armour Stone $10,000

Sub Total $15,150 Table 9: Fairfield WTP Capital Cost Estimate of repairs

Corporation of Loyalist Township Costing of Flood Related Damage to Municipal Infrastructure August 31, 2017

5.6 Total Cost Estimate of Remediation Plan Item Total Cost Front Road $24,100 Second Concession Road $132,500 Third Concession Road $170,050 South Shore Road $158,050 Fairfield WTP $15,150 Erosion and Sediment Control/ Env. Protection $85,000

Sub Total $584,850 Engineering, Permits, DFO (10%) $58,485 Contingency (10%) $58,485 Total $701,820 Table 10: Total Capital Cost Estimate of repairs

6.0 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The following is a summary of the findings from this review:

1 Extensive shoreline erosion has occurred at each of the road inspection areas included in the study. 2 With minimal or no shoulder remaining in multiple areas, high water levels and/or storm events may lead to further erosion compromising the safety of the roads and leaving them vulnerable to collapse in places. 3 Where rehabilitation of the shoreline/ road shoulder is required, using rock protection should be the priority for any proposed repair works. 4 Where bedrock is not an impediment, the rock protection layer should utilize a buried toe/ key to give further stability to the shoreline, see Figure 7 below. 5 Where minimal or no shoulder remains, widening the shoulder using granular material, with a filter cloth layer to prevent potential wash-out of the rock protection, should be im- plemented.

Figure 7: Sample of Rock Protection Key

Appendix A Loyalist Township Background Information

August 31, 2017

Appendix B Site Photographs

August 31, 2017

Front Road

August 31, 2017

Front Road – Shoulder erosion and temporary repair Front Road – Shoulder erosion and temporary repair

Front Road – Culvert requiring repair

Front Road – Flood damaged road surface and shoulder

Front Road – Flood damaged road shoulder and temporary repair Front Road – minimal shoulder remaining, trees undermined

Second Concession Road

August 31, 2017

Second Concession Road – Flood damaged road surface and Second Concession Road – Flood damaged shoulder and erosion shoulder

Second Concession Road – Flood damaged road surface and Second Concession Road – Flood damaged shoulder and temp shoulder repair

Second Concession Road – Flood damaged and eroded green area Second Concession Road – Flood damaged shoulder adjacent to Civic 8550

Third Concession Road

August 31, 2017

Third Concession Road, green area and shoulder eroded, flood damaged road surface

Third Concession Road, green shoulder strip completely removed by flooding and wave action

Third Concession Road, green shoulder strip eroded, erosion to Third Concession Road flood damaged boat launch pavement edge occurred where traffic cones are located. Boulders can be regraded for wave protection

Third Concession Road, Culvert requiring repair and rock protection Third Concession Road, Culvert requiring repair and rock protection

Third Concession Road, green shoulder strip eroded

South Shore Road

August 31, 2017

South Shore Road, typical section looking west. Minimal shoulder remains, with no wave protection, susceptible to collapse

South Shore Road, Shoulder completely eroded, elevation drop to bedrock and shoreline.

South Shore Road, Shoulder completely eroded, elevation drop to South Shore Road, Shoulder completely eroded, elevation drop to bedrock and shoreline. bedrock and shoreline.

South Shore Road, Shoulder completely eroded in places, damage to road pavement edge

South Shore Road, Shoulder completely eroded in places, damage South Shore Road, Shoulder completely eroded in places, damage to road pavement edge to road pavement edge

South Shore Road, Shoulder completely eroded in places, damage to road pavement edge South Shore Road, Shoulder erosion, shear edge susceptible to further erosion and collapse of road edge

Fairfield Water Treatment Plant

August 31, 2017

Fairfield WTP, Rock Protection and armour stone Fairfield WTP, Temporary repairs to Rock Protection

Appendix D Combined Flood Damage Cost Estimate

Table 1: Total Cost Estimate for Loyalist Township Flood Damage

Item Total Cost of Item

Front Road $48,000 Second Concession Rd $168,000 Third Concession Road $212,300 Fairfield WTP $15,150 South Shore Road $198,450 Centennial Park $5,900 Finkle Shore Park $7,500 Stella Bay Dock $1,625 Bath Water Treatment Plant $1,500 Sand Beach Conservation Area $325,000 Erosion and sediment control/ Env protection $120,000

Subtotal $1,103,425 Engineering, Permits, DFO (10%) $110,343

Contingency (10%) $110,343

Total $1,324,110