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Northern Province Regional Plan

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Northern Province Regional Plan PHYSICAL PLAN FOR THE NORTHERN PROVINCE Volume One: The Plan MINISTRY OF CONSTRUCTION, ENGINEERING SERVICES, HOUSING AND COMMON AMENITIES Draft December 2012 Acknowledgements This report has been drafted by a team of urban planners from Australia in conjunction with Sri Lankan planners, under an AusAID funded bi-lateral program to help Sri Lanka meet the challenges of planning for long-term sustained growth post-tsunami and post conflict. The team was based within the National Physical Planning Department (NPPD) and included: Ms Katherine Davis, Ms Alison Dodds, Mr Phil Thomas, Mr Phil Norman, Ms Moya Calvert, Ms Keera Pullman, Ms Michala Lander, Ms Kristina Butler and Ms Anne Donnovan, with the direct assistance of NPPD planners including Mr R.M. (Ari) Ariadasa, Ms Nayani Rajapaksha, Ms Thilani Samanthika, Ms Shanika Dilhani, Ms Ishara Jayanayke and Mr P. Prabaharan. The authors gratefully acknowledge staff of the following organizations who gave freely of their time and knowledge to support the project: • The National Physical Planning Department; • The Planning Institute of Australia and the Institute of Town Planners Sri Lanka; • The various Ministries and Departments of the Northern Province; • The various Ministries and Departments of the Sri Lankan National Government; • International and local Non-Government Organisations and multilateral development banks; • Universities and other research organisations. i Executive Summary Sri Lanka is poised to enter exciting times. Having ended three decades of civil conflict, and with Asia emerging as the powerhouse of the global economy, the Northern Province is well positioned to share in the benefits that will flow from this. This Regional Physical Plan has been developed to help ensure that the Northern Province contributes to this growth in a sustainable way that ensures the growth will continue into the future. The Plan has been developed in accordance with the Town and Country Planning Amendment Act No. 49 and is aligned to and will deliver on the recently gazetted National Physical Plan. The Regional Plan is built around the vision that by 2030: The Northern Province will be a safe and healthy, prosperous, culturally rich, and sustainable region with a network of well-serviced and accessible urban centres which are well-connected to each other, to their markets and to the rest of the country. The following five strategies have been developed to take the Province there: Sustainable Economic Development and Growth (Needithirukum Samudhayam), to provide opportunities for meaningful employment, livelihoods and investment that are created through thriving, diverse and sustainable economies. Physical Infrastructure - Connecting the Region (Orunkinintha Piranthium) , to connect people, towns and villages through effective transportation and communication networks across the Province, the rest of Sri Lanka, and the world. Settlement Pattern: Sustainable and Livable Communities (Arokiyamana Samudhayam), to improve the appearance, accessibility and amenity of settlements within the Northern Province to create vibrant and safe places to live, work and visit. Water, Sanitation and Irrigation (Anithu Thavaikalukumana Neer), to collect, distribute and reticulate water provincial wide for domestic, agricultural and industrial use. Sanitation including engineering solutions, simple technologies and personal hygiene practices to be promoted and provided across the province. Environmental Management and Conservation (Enakamana Sullal), to protect, restore and enhance the natural environment to ensure the unique biodiversity of the Northern Province is maintained alongside long-term sustainable development. ii Delivering on these Strategies involves an ambitious program of actions and investment. Success in delivering this Plan will require commitment and cooperation from across Government at all three levels (National, Provincial and Local) as well as across business interests and the community. iii Contents 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Context ........................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Mandate and Purpose of the Plan ...................................................................... 2 1.3 Introduction to the Northern Province ................................................................ 5 1.3.1 Jaffna District ............................................................................................ 7 1.3.2 Kilinochchi District ..................................................................................... 8 1.3.3 Mannar District .......................................................................................... 8 1.3.4 Mullaittivu District ...................................................................................... 8 1.3.5 Vavuniya District ....................................................................................... 9 1.4 History of the Northern Province ....................................................................... 9 1.5 Links with the National Physical Planning Policy, Plan and Projects ...................... 10 1.5.1 National Physical Plan ............................................................................... 10 1.5.2 Mahinda Chintana – Vision for the Future (2010) ........................................ 12 1.5.3 Integrated Strategic Environment Assessment (2011) .................................. 12 1.5.4 Post-Conflict Recovery Projects .................................................................. 13 2 Emerging Challenges ............................................................................................. 14 2.1 Climate Change .............................................................................................. 14 2.2 Disaster Risk Reduction ................................................................................... 15 2.3 The Energy Crisis ............................................................................................ 16 2.3.1 Peak Oil ................................................................................................... 16 2.3.2 Alternative and Renewable Energy Sources................................................. 17 2.4 Water ............................................................................................................ 17 3 The Plan ............................................................................................................... 19 4 Vision and Strategies ............................................................................................. 20 4.1 Economic Development and Growth ................................................................. 20 (Needithirukum Samudhayam) ................................................................................... 20 iv 4.1.1 Goal ........................................................................................................ 20 4.1.2 Constraints and Opportunities ................................................................... 21 4.1.3 Strategies ................................................................................................ 24 4.1.4 Indicators ................................................................................................ 26 4.2 Physical Infrastructure - Connecting the Region ................................................. 32 (Orunkinintha Piranthium) ......................................................................................... 32 4.2.1 Goal ........................................................................................................ 32 4.2.2 Constraints and Opportunities ................................................................... 32 4.2.3 Strategies ................................................................................................ 34 4.2.4 Indicators ................................................................................................ 37 4.3 Settlement Pattern: Sustainable and Livable Communities .................................. 40 (ArokiyamanaSamudhayam) ...................................................................................... 40 4.3.1 Goal ........................................................................................................ 40 4.3.2 Constraints and Opportunities ................................................................... 40 4.3.3 Strategies ................................................................................................ 54 4.3.4 Indicators ................................................................................................ 57 4.4 Water, Sanitation and Irrigation (Anithu Thavaikalukumana Neer) ...................... 61 4.4.1 Goal ........................................................................................................ 61 4.4.2 Constraints and Opportunities ................................................................... 61 4.4.3 Strategies ................................................................................................ 64 4.4.4 Indicators ................................................................................................ 65 4.5 Environmental Management and Conservation (Enakamana Sullal)...................... 70 4.5.1 Goal ........................................................................................................ 70 4.5.2 Constraints and Opportunities ..................................................................
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