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CHAP 9 Sri Lanka
79o 00' 79o 30' 80o 00' 80o 30' 81o 00' 81o 30' 82o 00' Kankesanturai Point Pedro A I Karaitivu I. Jana D Peninsula N Kayts Jana SRI LANKA I Palk Strait National capital Ja na Elephant Pass Punkudutivu I. Lag Provincial capital oon Devipattinam Delft I. Town, village Palk Bay Kilinochchi Provincial boundary - Puthukkudiyiruppu Nanthi Kadal Main road Rameswaram Iranaitivu Is. Mullaittivu Secondary road Pamban I. Ferry Vellankulam Dhanushkodi Talaimannar Manjulam Nayaru Lagoon Railroad A da m' Airport s Bridge NORTHERN Nedunkeni 9o 00' Kokkilai Lagoon Mannar I. Mannar Puliyankulam Pulmoddai Madhu Road Bay of Bengal Gulf of Mannar Silavatturai Vavuniya Nilaveli Pankulam Kebitigollewa Trincomalee Horuwupotana r Bay Medawachchiya diya A d o o o 8 30' ru 8 30' v K i A Karaitivu I. ru Hamillewa n a Mutur Y Pomparippu Anuradhapura Kantalai n o NORTH CENTRAL Kalpitiya o g Maragahewa a Kathiraveli L Kal m a Oy a a l a t t Puttalam Kekirawa Habarane u 8o 00' P Galgamuwa 8o 00' NORTH Polonnaruwa Dambula Valachchenai Anamaduwa a y O Mundal Maho a Chenkaladi Lake r u WESTERN d Batticaloa Naula a M uru ed D Ganewatta a EASTERN g n Madura Oya a G Reservoir Chilaw i l Maha Oya o Kurunegala e o 7 30' w 7 30' Matale a Paddiruppu h Kuliyapitiya a CENTRAL M Kehelula Kalmunai Pannala Kandy Mahiyangana Uhana Randenigale ya Amparai a O a Mah Reservoir y Negombo Kegalla O Gal Tirrukkovil Negombo Victoria Falls Reservoir Bibile Senanayake Lagoon Gampaha Samudra Ja-Ela o a Nuwara Badulla o 7 00' ng 7 00' Kelan a Avissawella Eliya Colombo i G Sri Jayewardenepura -
JDBU Vol 29 No 4
On of ceplon. fr H kt_ 'IJI0J< J CONTENTS 1 ■ I 1 I Journal of the .... DUTCH IN CEYLON Dutch Burgher Union of Ceylon* VOL. XXIX.] APRIL, 1940. ' ' "[No. 4. NORTH CEYLON IN DUTCH TIMES. RELICS OF WAR. VOL. I. By B. h. BROHIER, F.R.G.8, (First published in " The Ceylon Daily Neivs " ■ SOth and 31st January 1940) The Dutch territorial possession in Ceylon, which, for the purposes of civil government, was known as the Conimandement of Jaffna, lay beyond a boundary from Trincomaleeto Calpentyn or Kalpitiya1. This section of the Island stretching towards R- G. ANTHON1SZ. I. s. O- the sea, including the island of Mannar and the islets round about the peninsula of Jaffnapatam, records a story left by the Dutch which perhaps is more eloquent than that of any other portion of Ceylon which fell under the sway of the Nether lands. Very .few people, however, make pilgrimage to the .north bent on recalling the story begun in the seventeenth century that reposes in relics, both of war and of peace, which have withstood the assault by man as well as by time. This perhaps is all the more strange since these memorials stand amid Copie:. rnnv /»i tmJ at the D. /?. L\ Halt country scenes very different to those met with in Central or at AN. 5 cucVi. South Ceylon. , , Although much had been done before the establishment of the Dutch East India Company in Ceylon to hold the war like races of India in check, the Dutch, in the earlier part of their regime, had much to contend against both from thePortu- i. -
Arippu to Jaffna 2
ARIPPU to JAFFNA Glimpsing The Doric, Arippu Fort, Pooneryn Fort, Delft Island and Jaffna Above: The Doric. Built by Gov: Sir Frederick North. Completed in 1804. Named ‘The Doric’ as it reflected the Greek doric order of architecture. Built primarily to supervise the lucrative pearl fishing industry. The tower was apparently used as a ‘beacon’ to guide pearl fishing boats to the pearl banks. Below: Arippu Fort - where Robert Knox (and friend Stephen Rutland) took refuge after escaping from Kandy in 1679. Originally built by the Portuguese, subsequently occupied by the Dutch and the British. Below: Pooneryn Fort. Originally built by the Portuguse and subsequently used by the Dutch and British. Portuguese/ Dutch Fort - Delft Island Jaffna Fort at sunset Fort Hammenheil - Jaffna One of the last existing ferries between Kayts and Karainagar Above. Traditional lashed log raft still used in Point Pedro.Above right: Jambukola Patuna (Dambakola Patuna) harbour- where the original sacred Bo tree sapling was handed over by Theri Sanghamittha to King Devanampiya Tissa. ‘Adam’s Foot print’ Delft Island. Above: The fissured Baobab tree and what the ‘chamber’ looks like from inside - Delft Island. Wild Delft ponies/horses Sirappar Madam. Devotee/pilgrim rest or complex. Apparently also a place where learning took place (according to one local) Kayts causeway. Jaffna lagoon brimming with water Nallur Kovil Ornate gateway to a village. Privately funded by a family from the village. Many are to be seen but not as large or ornate. Nallur Kovil Keerimalai baths Jaffna Lagoon - at its best Spot-bill Pelicans, Spoon Bill and Painted Stork Glossy Ibis - migrant ‘Squadron flying’ - Spot-bill Pelicans Sandpiper Sea Gulls- Delft Island A variety of birds -Jaffna Lagoon. -
21St October 1966 Uprising Merging the North and East Water and Big Business
December 2006 21st October 1966 Uprising SK Senthivel Merging the North and East E Thambiah Water and Big Business Krishna Iyer; India Resource Centre Poetry: Mahakavi, So Pa, Sivasegaram ¨ From the Editor’s Desk ¨ NDP Diary ¨ Readers’ Views ¨ Sri Lankan Events ¨ International Events ¨ Book Reviews The Moon and the Chariot by Mahaakavi "The village has gathered to draw the chariot, let us go and hold the rope" -one came forward. A son, borne by mother earth in her womb to live a full hundred years. Might in his arms and shoulders light in his eyes, and in his heart desire for upliftment amid sorrow. He came. He was young. Yes, a man. The brother of the one who only the day before with agility of mind as wings on his shoulder climbed the sky, to touch the moon and return -a hard worker. He came to draw the rope with a wish in his heart: "Today we shall all be of one mind". "Halt" said one. "Stop" said another. "A weed" said one. "Of low birth" said another. "Say" said one. "Set alight" said another. The fall of a stone, the slitting of a throat, the flight of a lip and teeth that scattered, the splattering of blood, and an earth that turned red. A fight there was, and people were killed. A chariot for the village to draw stood still like it struck root. On it, the mother goddess, the creator of all worlds, sat still, dumbfounded by the zealotry of her children. Out there, the kin of the man who only the day before had touched the moon is rolling in dirt. -
Kartikeya - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
קרטיקייה का셍तिकेय http://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/k%C4%81rtikeya/index.html का셍तिकेय كارتِيكيا کارتيکيا تک ہ का셍तिकेय کا ر یی http://uh.learnpunjabi.org/default.aspx Kartikeya - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartikeya Kartikeya From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Kartikeya (/ˌkɑrtɪˈkeɪjə/), also known as Skanda , Kumaran ,Subramanya , Murugan and Subramaniyan is Kartikeya the Hindu god of war. He is the commander-in-chief of the Murugan army of the devas (gods) and the son of Shiva and Parvati. Subramaniyan God of war and victory, Murugan is often referred to as "Tamil Kadavul" (meaning "God of Tamils") and is worshiped primarily in areas with Commander of the Gods Tamil influences, especially South India, Sri Lanka, Mauritius, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Reunion Island. His six most important shrines in India are the Arupadaiveedu temples, located in Tamil Nadu. In Sri Lanka, Hindus as well as Buddhists revere the sacred historical Nallur Kandaswamy temple in Jaffna and Katirk āmam Temple situated deep south. [1] Hindus in Malaysia also pray to Lord Murugan at the Batu Caves and various temples where Thaipusam is celebrated with grandeur. In Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh, Kartikeya is known as Subrahmanya with a temple at Kukke Subramanya known for Sarpa shanti rites dedicated to Him and another famous temple at Ghati Subramanya also in Karnataka. In Bengal and Odisha, he is popularly known as Kartikeya (meaning 'son of Krittika'). [2] Kartikeya with his wives by Raja Ravi Varma Tamil காத -
A Stone's Throw from the Subcontinent and Just a Few Years Removed From
NORTHERN EXPOSURE A stone’s throw from the Subcontinent and just a few years removed from no-go status, the ancient bastions Jaffna and Trincomalee open to reveal the India-inflected charm of Sri Lanka’s Tamil homelands. BY JOE CUMMINGS Outside Nallur Kandaswamy Kovil, the spiritual heart of Jaffna. IMAGES KENNEDY/GETTY PAUL TRAVELANDLEISUREASIA.COM NOVEMBER 2014 115 t took me four visits to Sri Lanka before I finally War has a way of being a boon for natural made it to Jaffna and Trincomalee. These jewels of conservation wrapped in a curse for local lives the Northern Province had been ravaged by more and livelihoods. Some 85 percent of Sri Lanka’s than two decades of civil war. palms are found in the Northern Province, one Jaffna, though one of the oldest inhabited places of many ways in which the local geography in all of South Asia, also has been one of the most stands apart from that found in the rest of the hotly contested over the last 400 years. Tamil island nation. chieftains from India founded a powerful kingdom My first stop in the city, Jaffna Fort, was known as Aryacakravarti here in the early 13th established by the Portuguese to defend their century. Financed by rich pearl and elephant exports, entrepôt from competing imperialists. Massive the dynasties dominated the northern peninsula, stone walls, flaring buttresses and deeply only to lose it all to the seafaring Portuguese empire- recessed corridors couldn’t stop the Dutch navy UN/GETTY IMAGES O builders who in 1619 moved in on the calm bays and from seizing the city shortly after the citadel’s GST lagoons of Jaffna, kicking off generations of completion. -
World's Largest Gem Stone Buddha Statue in Sri Lanka New Stamps To
World’s largest gem stone Buddha statue in Sri Lanka The Pedi Vishva Shanthi Buddha statue considered the world’s biggest Buddha statue built of gem stones which is taken around the world for exposition invoking blessings on the globe and its inhabitants will be brought to Sri Lanka this month (August). On the instructions of the President it will be first brought to Temple Trees and later kept for public homage and veneration in Colombo. The statue which is a replica of the Buddha statue at the Maha Bodhi Viharaya in Bodhgaya, India is 2.7 meters in height and four tones in weight. It has been built of a rare green colored gemstone called polar pride obtained from Vancouver, Canada. The Buddha statue will be taken round Asian Countries this year. New stamps to mark Nallur festival New stamps were issued to mark the renowned Nallur Kanthaswamy Kovil Annual Festival 2012 at the kovil premises. Under the guidance of Northern Province Governor, the Postal Department issued the stamps. Three types of Rs 5 stamps were released on the holy flag hoisting day. Nallur has an old and rich history. It is considered as a social, religious and cultural place in Jaffna. Nallur Kandaswamy Kovil or Nallur Murugan Kovil is one of the most significant Hindu temples in the Jaffna district. The presiding deity is Lord Muruga in the form of the holy Vel. The idol of the Nallur Devi or goddess was gifted to the temple in the 10th century by the Chola queen Sembiyan Mahadevi, in the style of Sembian bronzes. -
3.Hindu Websites Sorted Country Wise
Hindu Websites sorted Country wise Sl. Reference Country Broad catergory Website Address Description No. 1 Afghanistan Dynasty http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindushahi Hindu Shahi Dynasty Afghanistan, Pakistan 2 Afghanistan Dynasty http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jayapala King Jayapala -Hindu Shahi Dynasty Afghanistan, Pakistan 3 Afghanistan Dynasty http://www.afghanhindu.com/history.asp The Hindu Shahi Dynasty (870 C.E. - 1015 C.E.) 4 Afghanistan History http://hindutemples- Hindu Roots of Afghanistan whthappendtothem.blogspot.com/ (Gandhar pradesh) 5 Afghanistan History http://www.hindunet.org/hindu_history/mode Hindu Kush rn/hindu_kush.html 6 Afghanistan Information http://afghanhindu.wordpress.com/ Afghan Hindus 7 Afghanistan Information http://afghanhindusandsikhs.yuku.com/ Hindus of Afaganistan 8 Afghanistan Information http://www.afghanhindu.com/vedic.asp Afghanistan and It's Vedic Culture 9 Afghanistan Information http://www.afghanhindu.de.vu/ Hindus of Afaganistan 10 Afghanistan Organisation http://www.afghanhindu.info/ Afghan Hindus 11 Afghanistan Organisation http://www.asamai.com/ Afghan Hindu Asociation 12 Afghanistan Temple http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_Temples_ Hindu Temples of Kabul of_Kabul 13 Afghanistan Temples Database http://www.athithy.com/index.php?module=p Hindu Temples of Afaganistan luspoints&id=851&action=pluspoint&title=H indu%20Temples%20in%20Afghanistan%20. html 14 Argentina Ayurveda http://www.augurhostel.com/ Augur Hostel Yoga & Ayurveda 15 Argentina Festival http://www.indembarg.org.ar/en/ Festival of -
Tamil Development, Religious Endowments and Information Department
TAMIL DEVELOPMENT, RELIGIOUS ENDOWMENTS AND INFORMATION DEPARTMENT HINDU RELIGIOUS AND CHARITABLE ENDOWMENTS DEPARTMENT DEMAND NO.47 POLICY NOTE 2009-2010 INTRODUCTION The Temple stand as the cultural treasure of the egalitarian doctrine of Tamils “Ãw¥bgh¡F« všyh c殡F«” meaning that all beings are born equal. Temples also show the age old Treasures of the ancient values such as the sculptures and arts including the day to day activities of Triology in Tamil language i.e., Literature, Music and Drama. The Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments department shows keen interest in conducting the poojas and festivals in the same manner of our old culture and tradition, executing the holy task of protecting the priceless properties of the temples that have historical and artistic values preserved by our ancestors over centuries. This Government maintains the temples well, taking keen interest in executing various schemes and providing proper facilities for the devotees visiting the temples. ADVISORY COMMITTEE An Advisory Committee has been constituted by this Government as provided in the Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Act 1959 to render advice to the Government and the Commissioner on the subjects related to Hindu religious institutions. The Advisory committee is headed by the Hon’ble Chief Minister and the Hon’ble Minister for Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments as the Vice Chairman with the following members: Official Members Secretary to Government, … Member Tamil Development, Religious Endowments and Information Department Commissioner, Hindu Religious and … Member/ Charitable Endowments Department Secretary Non-Official Members 2 1. His Holiness Deivasigamani Ponnambala Desiga Adigalar, Adheenakarthar, Kundrakudi, Thiruvannamalai Atheenam. -
Humanitarian Operation Factual Analysis July 2006 – May 2009
HUMANITARIAN OPERATION FACTUAL ANALYSIS JULY 2006 – MAY 2009 MINISTRY OF DEFENCE DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA HUMANITARIAN OPERATION FACTUAL ANALYSIS JULY 2006 – MAY 2009 MINISTRY OF DEFENCE JULY 2011 DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA Humanitarian Operation—Factual Analysis TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 A. Overview of this Report 1 B. Overview of the Humanitarian Operation 1 PART ONE II. BACKGROUND 4 A. Overview of the LTTE 4 B. LTTE Atrocities against Civilians 6 C. Use of Child Soldiers by the LTTE 10 D. Ethnic Cleansing Carried out by the LTTE 10 E. Attacks on Democracy by the LTTE 11 F. The Global Threat posed by the LTTE 11 G. Proscription of the LTTE 12 III. SIZE AND SCOPE OF THE LTTE 13 A. Potency of the LTTE 13 B. Number of Cadres 14 C. Land Fighting Forces 14 D. The Sea Tiger Wing 17 E. The Air Tiger Wing 20 F. Black Tiger (Suicide) Wing 22 G. Intelligence Wing 22 H. Supply Network 23 I. International Support Mechanisms 25 J. International Criminal Network 27 – iii – Humanitarian Operation—Factual Analysis Page IV. GOVERNMENT EFFORTS FOR A NEGOTIATED SETTLEMENT 28 A. Overview 28 B. The Thimpu Talks – July to August 1985 29 C. The Indo-Lanka Accord – July 1987 30 D. Peace Talks – May 1989 to June 1990 32 E. Peace Talks – October 1994 to April 1995 33 F. Norwegian-Facilitated Peace Process – February 2002 to January 2008 35 G. LTTE Behaviour during 2002–2006 37 PART TWO V. RESUMPTION OF HOSTILITIES 43 VI. THE WANNI OPERATION 52 VII. -
12 Manogaran.Pdf
Ethnic Conflict and Reconciliation in Sri Lanka National Capilal District Boundarl3S * Province Boundaries Q 10 20 30 010;1)304050 Sri Lanka • Ethnic Conflict and Reconciliation in Sri Lanka CHELVADURAIMANOGARAN MW~1 UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII PRESS • HONOLULU - © 1987 University ofHawaii Press All Rights Reserved Manufactured in the United States ofAmerica Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication-Data Manogaran, Chelvadurai, 1935- Ethnic conflict and reconciliation in Sri Lanka. Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Sri Lanka-Politics and government. 2. Sri Lanka -Ethnic relations. 3. Tamils-Sri Lanka-Politics and government. I. Title. DS489.8.M36 1987 954.9'303 87-16247 ISBN 0-8248-1116-X • The prosperity ofa nation does not descend from the sky. Nor does it emerge from its own accord from the earth. It depends upon the conduct ofthe people that constitute the nation. We must recognize that the country does not mean just the lifeless soil around us. The country consists ofa conglomeration ofpeople and it is what they make ofit. To rectify the world and put it on proper path, we have to first rec tify ourselves and our conduct.... At the present time, when we see all over the country confusion, fear and anxiety, each one in every home must con ., tribute his share ofcool, calm love to suppress the anger and fury. No governmental authority can sup press it as effectively and as quickly as you can by love and brotherliness. SATHYA SAl BABA - • Contents List ofTables IX List ofFigures Xl Preface X111 Introduction 1 CHAPTER I Sinhalese-Tamil -
Jaffna Municipal Council
CITY PROFILE Jaffna Municipal Council Resource person: Dr.S.T.B.Rajeswaran , Senior Lecturer, Geography Department, University of Jaffna. Supported By: Dr.K.Kunarasa , Municipal Commissioner, Jaffna . Mr.C.V.K.Sivagnanam , Project Officer, SCP/UGSP, Jaffna . Mr.T.N.Shooriyarajah , Divisional Environmental Officer, CEA - Jaffna M.C. CONTENTS Preface i CHAPTER 1 Vision of the City Profile 1 1.1 Objectives 1 1.2 Historical background 1 1.2.1 Emergence of Local Authority 2 1.2.2 Office Buildings 2 1.2.3 Urban Council 3 1.2.4 Municipal Council 3 1.2.5 Growth of the city 3 1.26 Pictorial Evidence of war damage 4 CHAPTER 2 2.0 Organizational Structure 10 2.1 Administrative Structure 12 2.1.1 Elected Council 12 2.1.2 Executive and Administrative Officers 12 2.1.2.1 General Administration 13 2.1.2.2 Finance Department 13 2.1.2.3 Health Department 13 2.1.2.4 Works Department 13 2.1.2.5 Water works Section 14 2.1.2.6 Library Service 14 2.1.2.7 Internal Audit 14 2.2 Human Resource 14 2.2.1 Manpower Distribution - Cadre wise 14 2.3 The services provided by Jaffna Municipal Council 14 2.4 Financial Management 15 2.4.1 Budget 2005 16 CHAPTER – 3(1) 3.0 Physical and Cultural Environment Profile of the city 19 3.1 Physical Environment 19 3.1.1 Location 19 3.1.2 Topography 19 3.1.3 Climate 22 3.1.4 Geology 22 3.1.5 Water 23 3.1.5.a Surface water body in the Municipal Council Limit 23 3.1.5.b Ground Water 26 3.1.7 Natural Vegetation 29 3.1.8 Land use pattern of the city 30 CHAPTER 3(2) 3.2 Cultural Environment 30 3.2.1 Some Important aspects of Socio Economic