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Belemnites from the Upper Pliensbachian and the Toarcian (Lower Jurassic) of Tournadous N

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Belemnites from the Upper Pliensbachian and the Toarcian (Lower Jurassic) of Tournadous N Achtung, Bilder 6-8 unbedingt Originalgröße Kolumnentitel links: Jean-Daniel Pinard et al. Kolumnentitel rechts: Belemnites from the Upper Pliensbachian and the Toarcian (Lower Jurassic) of Tournadous N. Jb. Geol. Paläont. Abh. 273/2 (2014), 155–177 Article E E Stuttgart, August 2014 N. Jb. Geol. Paläont. Abh. Article Stuttgart, August 2014 Belemnites from the Upper Pliensbachian and the Toarcian (Lower Jurassic) of Tournadous (Causses, France) Jean-Daniel Pinard, Robert Weis, Pascal Neige, Nino Mariotti, and Andrea Di Cencio With 9 figures Abstract: Jurassic belemnites represent promising proxies especially for palaeoecological and also palaeobiogeographical reconstructions. However, basic knowledge on taxonomic composition, bios- tratigraphy and diversity of Early Jurassic belemnites is still dramatically low, especially for France. The present study provides new data on belemnites from the southern part of the Northwest European Province. More than 700 specimens have been collected along the Tournadous section in the Causses Basin (Southern France); they represent ten genera and 30 species belonging to Hastitidae, Mega- teuthididae, Passaloteuthididae, and Salpingoteuthididae. Furthermore, numerous ammonites have been collected, allowing to establish a standard chronostratigraphical scheme of the studied section and thus to assign, for the first time, a precise chronostratigraphical distribution to the Early Jurassic belemnites of Southern France. The analysis of belemnite diversity and its variations along the sec- tion compared to the well-known fauna of the northern part of the Northwest European province (Germany and England) open interesting prospective for belemnites palaeobiogeography. Key words: Belemnite, systematics, palaeobiogeography, Pliensbachian, Toarcian, Southern France. 1. Introduction the Toarcian is also an important period of change in belemnite distribution, and concludes that a broad cor- Belemnites s.s. originated at the beginning of the Early relation between European areas and a notable ende- Jurassic (Doyle 1994; RiegRaf 1996a; Weis & Del- mism for Siberia occurs. However, his study was at the sate 2006), though recent findings from Japan pro- generic level and focuses on the northern part of the vide arguments for a Triassic origin (iba et al. 2012). Northwest European Province, and on Siberia. Finally, They display a successful diversification during the and even today, modern data for Toarcian belemnites Jurassic, with a peak in species richness for the Toar- are largely concentrated on the northern part of the cian. Detailed monographs have recently been pub- Northwest European Province (Germany, Great Brit- lished providing taxonomic and stratigraphic revised ain, Luxembourg, etc.) whereas little is known from data (e.g. Doyle 1990, 1992; RiegRaf et al. 1984; the southern part of the Northwest European Pro- sanDeRs et al. 2013; Weis & MaRiotti 2007; Weis et vince (Causses and Quercy basins, Provence Platform, al. 2012). However, these modern taxonomic revisions northern Spain, etc.), and from the Mediterranean are based on studies that are far from being homogene- Province (Italy, Austria, Southern Spain, North Africa, ous considering their palaeogeography. The Toarcian etc.). In all these areas, data are still dramatically low, (Early Jurassic), which concentrates most modern be- and what is known about belemnites is whether old lemnite taxonomic revisions, is exemplary. It is an im- and without any figuration or sparse (e.g. some isolat- portant period of taxonomic modification for belem- ed specimens figured, seel issajous 1925; sciau 1993, nites. Doyle’s synthesis paper (1994) points out that 2011; coMbéMoRel in Rulleau et al. 1998). This lack ©2014 E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, Germany www.schweizerbart.de DOI: 10.1127/0077-7749/2014/0421 0077-7749/2014/0421 $ 5.75 156 Jean-Daniel Pinard et al. Fig. 1. Palaeogeographic and geographic setting of Tournadous (Causses, France). The provinces boundary is determined on ammonite fauna. (Palaeogeographic map modified from DeRa et al. 2010). of data is due to two factors (1) the low number of tion of belemnites to a standard chronostratigraphic belemnites study in these areas and (2) some outcrops frame based on ammonites. The reported belemnites (i.e. in Italy and Spain) are hardened carbonates lead- substantially increase the knowledge of Early Jurassic ing a very difficult extraction of well-preserved speci- faunas from the southern part of the Northwest Euro- mens. It is therefore impossible at the present day to pean Province, a step that could later lead to further portray the Jurassic belemnite diversification at the palaeogeographic explorations of the Jurassic radia- species level, mostly because we lack data from some tion. palaeogeographic areas, unless introducing strong pal- aeogeographic biases. 2. Geological and palaeogeographic In the present study we report a belemnite fauna settings of more than 700 specimens from the Tournadous section in the Causses Basin. This fauna constitutes We study here a single section (Tournadous) which ex- then a homogeneous and comprehensive record of poses Lower Jurassic marls located in Central-South the Late Pliensbachian and Toarcian belemnite fauna France (Fig. 1). This section has been studied by sev- in the southern part of the Northwest European Prov- eral authors, principally for its ammonoids content ince. These specimens have been collected in a com- (e.g. MonestieR 1921, 1931; guex 1972; MeisteR 1989; mon field study associating ammonites and belemnites MoRard 2004) or to explore environmental changes scholars. It allows to assign the stratigraphic distribu- at the Upper Pliensbachian-Lower Toarcian bound- Belemnites from the Upper Pliensbachian and the Toarcian (Lower Jurassic) of Tournadous 157 Fig. 2. Stratigraphic repartition of collected ammonites and chronostratigraphic scheme of the section (Part 1). ary (Mailliot et al. 2009). The studied portion in the proxies may be found in an extensive literature (e.g. present analysis covers the uppermost Pliensbachian tRüMpy 1983; gRaciansky et al. 1998; Mailliot et al. and continues up to the top of the Toarcian (see below). 2009; Van De schootbRugge et al. 2013). Subsidence This section belongs to the Causses Basin, consid- is more or less pronounced within the basin leading ered as a small intracratonic basin that was part of an to variable thickness of the different formations and epicontinental sea. The basin was stuck between the even to hiatuses (see tRüMpy 1983; gRaciansky et al. “Massif Central” lands on the North and the “Mon- 1998). The studied section (Tournadous) is considered tagne Noire” lands on the South. Detailed analysis of as very proximal (Mailliot et al. 2009). the structure of the basin, sequence stratigraphic con- The studied interval covers three successive local text and stratigraphical correlations or geochemical formations. At the base of the section, the “Marnes de 158 Jean-Daniel Pinard et al. Fig. 3. Stratigraphic repartition of collected ammonites and chronostratigraphic scheme of the section (Part 2). Belemnites from the Upper Pliensbachian and the Toarcian (Lower Jurassic) of Tournadous 159 Fig. 4. Stratigraphic repartition of the collected belemnites. 160 Jean-Daniel Pinard et al. Fig. 5. Belemnites from Tournadous: Hastitidae. The specimens are all in natural size except where stated otherwise. A – Pleurobelus compressus (stahl, 1824), BEL-256, rostrum in ventral view (A1), lateral view (A2) and dorsal view (A3). B – Pleurobelus compressus (stahl, 1824), BEL-256, rostrum in ventral view (B1), lateral view (B2) and dorsal view (B3). C – Pleurobelus aff. compressus (stahl, 1824), BEL-258, rostrum in ventral view (C1), lateral view (C2) and dorsal view (C3). D Pleurobelus aff. compressus (stahl, 1824), BEL-259, medial section of the rostrum (enlargement 2x). E – Pleurobelus lagenaeformis (haRtMann in V. Zieten, 1832), BEL-260, rostrum in ventral view (E1), lateral view (E2) and dorsal view (E3). F – Pleurobelus lagenaeformis (haRtMann in V. Zieten, 1832), BEL-272, medial section of the rostrum (enlargement 2x). G – Pleurobelus lagenaeformis (haRtMann in V. Zieten, 1832), BEL-260, rostrum in ventral view (G1), lateral view (G2) and dorsal view (G3). H – Pleurobelus subirregularis (lissajous, 1927), BEL-260, rostrum in ventral view (H1), lateral view (H2) and dorsal view (H3). I – Pleurobelus subirregularis (lissajous, 1927), BEL-260, rostrum in ventral view (I1), lateral view (I2) and dorsal view (I3). J – Rhabdobelus donovani RiegRaf in RiegRaf et al., 1998, BEL-299, rostrum in ven- tral view (J1), lateral view (J2) and dorsal view (J3). K – Rhabdobelus donovani RiegRaf in RiegRaf et al., 1998, BEL-300, rostrum in ventral view (K1), lateral view (K2) and dorsal view (K3). L – Rhabdobelus aff. donovani RiegRaf in RiegRaf et al., 1998, BEL-293, rostrum in ventral view (L1), lateral view (L2) and dorsal view (L3). Villeneuve” formation displays dark marls with a typi- within this formation are generally well-preserved. cal three nodular beds succession at its topmost part. Belemnites frequently bear their phragmocone and The last nodular bed has been considered to mark the ammonites are pyritized. Above is the well-known top of the Pliensbachian (Mailliot et al. 2009). Fossils “Schistes cartons” formation. It consists in finely lami- Belemnites from the Upper Pliensbachian and the Toarcian (Lower Jurassic) of Tournadous 161 nated shale sometimes containing silty material. Most which
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