Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, Vol. 39/3-4 Pp. 123-141

Home , Hildoceras bifrons, Passaloteuthis

Belemnites from the Lower Jurassic of East Greenland and their biostratigraphical and biogeographical significance

PETER DOYLE

Doyle, P.: Belemnites from the Lower Jurassic of East Greenland and their biostratigraphical and biogeographical significance. Bull. geol. Soc. Denmark, Vol. 39, pp. 123--141. Copenhagen, December 20th, 1991. https://doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-1991-39-04

Belemnites collected in the 1920s from the Lower Jurassic Neill Klinter Formation of East Greenland are described for the first time. Two belemnite faunas are recognised. The Rrevekl0ft Member yielded Nannobelus, Pseudohastites, Passaloteuthis?, Gastrobelus? and a hastitid, giving an age of the Lower Pliensbachian Uptonia jamesoni to Prodacty/ioceras davoei zones for the molluscan-rich lower fauna! division. The Ostreaelv Member yielded Parapassaloteuthis, Acrocoelites (Toarcibelus), A. (Odontobe /us), Simpsonibelus and "Parabrachybeus" representative of a Toarcian Hildoceras bifrons to Haugia variabilis Zone age as previously determined. However, the presence of Parapassaloteuthis gives a oldest age of at least Dactylioceras commune Subzone, with a loose specimen of a possible juvenile Acrocoe/ites trisulcu!osussugge sting that the Ostreaelv Member may range into the Harpoceras falciferum Zone. The Pliensbachian species are identical to those from western Europe and are the most northerly repre sentatives of their taxa. The Toarcian species have closest affinity to those of northwest Europe rather than the distinct and endemic Siberian Toarcian belemnite fauna which arose at this time.

Peter Doyle, School of Earth Sciences, Thames Polytechnic, Wa/burgh House, Big/and Street, London El 2NG England. March 20th, 1991.

During the 1926-27 Danish expedition to East sandstone with a marine fauna and underlain by Greenland, Alfred Rosenkrantz studied in detail coal-bearing strata. Subsequent macrofloral work for the first time the Lower Jurassic deposits of determined a "Rhaeto-Liassic" age for the lower Jameson Land. Extensive collections of the rich strata (Kap Stewart Formation), with the over fossil invertebrate fauna were made by Rosenk lying marine strata (Neill Klinter Formation) rantz, and were listed in his subsequent strati yielding Early Pliensbachian and Toarcian fossils graphical publications (Rosenkrantz, 1934, (see Rosenkrantz, 1934, p. 8). An early system 1942). However, of these specimens, only two atic study of the Lower Jurassic beds of south crustacean species ( Glyphaea rosenkrantzi van eastern Jameson Land and Liverpool Land is giv Straelen, 1929, Glyphaea sp.) and one bivalve en in the papers of Rosenkrantz (1929, 1934, (Velata hartzi Rosenkrantz, 1956) have been for 1942). Since this seminal work, detailed aspects mally described (van Straelen, 1929; Rosen of the lithostratigraphy, sedimentology, ichnol krantz, 1956). The purpose of this paper there ogy and palaeogeographical significance of the fore is to describe for the first time Lower Juras Kap Stewart and Neill Klinter formations have sic belemnites from Jameson Land and Liverpool been discussed by Surlyk et al. (1973, 1981), Land, and to discuss their wider stratigraphical Sykes (1974a, b), Dam (1989, 1990) and Surlyk and biogeographical significance. (1990). Surlyk et al. (1973, 1981) and Surlyk (1977, 1978, 1990) traced the development of the sedi ments within the East Greenland Jurassic basin. Stratigraphy Taking a section fromJameson Land in the south to Store Koldewey 0 in the north, a series of William Scoresby (1823) was first to record a blocks active in the Jurassic can be recognised, In stratigraphical succession in Neill Klinter (Neill's the Jameson Land-Scoresby Land area, the basin Cliffs) at Kap Stewart, which was dominated by was downfaulted during Late Triassic to Early 124 Doyle: Belemnites from Greenland

SCORESBY LAND

JAMESON LAND

O Rosenkrantz localities

aNeill Klinter Formation SCORESBY SUND

Text-fig. 1. Map of Jameson Land and Liverpool Land, showing the outcrop of the Neill Klinter Formation (from Dam, 1989, fig. l), and the approximate positions of the collecting localities of Rosenkrantz (1934). Key to localities: 1, Kap Stewart; 2, Trancrediakloft; 3, Goniomyakloft; 4, Vardekloft; 5, Astartekloft; 6, Harris Fjeld; 7, Constable Pynt; 8, Umingmakbjerg (Umimmak Fjeld); 9, "mountain near Lejrelv" (unnamed); 10, Hjornefjeldet; 11, Igtajigmit (Igterajivit); 12, Kumait. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark

Jurassic times allowing the accumulation of, first, gen, Germany; OUM, Oxford University non-marine alluvial sediments (Kap Stewart For- Museum, Oxford, England; WM, Whitby Mu- mation, Rhaetian - Hettangian), followed by seum, Whitby, England. For explanations of the shallow marine deposits (Neill Klinter Forma- terminology used below, see Doyle & Kelly tion, Pliensbachian - Toarcian) deposited in a (1988) and Doyle (1990). The classification used Pliensbachian marine transgression. Lower Ju- below follows that given in the appendix to Doyle rassic rocks are absent elsewhere in East Green- (in press). Approximate size (length) ranges are land. Subsequent deepening of this basin in later given by the terms smal1 (c50 mm), medium Jurassic times led to the accumulation of the shelf (50-80 mm) and large (>80 mm). Measurements sediments of the Vardekl~ftFormation (Hein- (in mm): L, total preserved length; 1, length from berg & Birkelund, 1984) which caps the Lower protoconch to apex; Dv, dorsoventral diameter Jurassic sediments in Neill Klinter. at the protoconch; Dl, lateral diameter at the Three members are presently recognised protoconch; Dvmax, maximum dorsoventral di- within the Neill Klinter Formation: RæveklØft ameter; Dlmax, maximum lateral diameter; x, Member (Lower Pliensbachian, Uptonia jame- distance from apex to position of maximum in- soni and Prodactylioceras davoei zones have been flation of the rostrum. For brevity, in most of the recognised) (= Pecten limestone series of Ro- synonymies only the original valid description senkrantz, 1934, p. 21); Gule Horn Member (denoted thus*), the most recent references (with (largely lacking body fossils, possible Upper ful1 synonymy), and the citations of Rosenkrantz Pliensbachian); Ostreaelv Member (Toarcian, (1936) traceable to individual specimens still pre- Hildoceras bifrons and "Lytoceras jurense" sent in the Geologisk Museum are given. The zones) (= Oyster bank series of Rosenkrantz, symbol v indicates the type andlor figured speci- 1934, p. 21). The RzeveklØft Member comprises mens have been examined. Subj., subjective syn- coarse sandstones indicative of a high energy en- onym; obj., objective synonym. The approxi- vironment (see fig. 2 of Dam, 1990). The Os- mate location of Rosenkrantz's collecting stations treaelv Member comprises shelf and subaqueous are given in text-fig. 1. shelf sandstones (fig. 2 of Dam, 1990) with uplift in the source area providing the coarse clastics. Class Cephalopoda Cuvier, 1794 The intervening Gule Horn Member was prob- Subclass Coleoidea Bather, 1888 ably deposited in a lower energy, shallow, pos- Order Belemnitida Zittel, 1895 sibly intertidal, environment (Surlyk et al., 1973; Suborder Belemnitina Zittel, 1895 Dam, 1990). Family Belemnitidae d'orbigny, 1845 The belemnites described below were recovered from the RzveklØft and Ostreaelv mem- Subfamily Belemnitinae d'orbigny, 1845 bers, collected from southeastern Jameson Land and southern Liverpool Land. The specimens Nannobelus Pavlow, 1913 were accurately located by Rosenkrantz in his (= Prototeuthis Lemoine, 1915, obj.; non Nan- paper (Rosenkrantz, 1936), although using in nobelus Saks & Nal'nyaeva, 1970) some cases informal geographical names. These localities are given in fig. 1. Type species: Belemnites acutus Miller, 1826, by original designation.

Systematic descriptions Diagnosis: Smal1 conical to cylindriconical Be- lemnitinae; outline and profile symmetrical, con- All specimens are housed in the Geologisk Mu- ical to cylindriconical; apex acute; transverse sec- seum, Copenhagen (GM), unless otherwise tions subquadrate to pynform; apical grooves ab- stated. The Geologisk Museum prefix MGUH sent, though apex may bear striae; lateral lines denotes specimens in the type and figured collec- two faint subparallel depressions on each flank; tion. Other repositories: BMNH, Natural His- apical line ortholineate; phragmocone penetrates tory Museum, London, England; GPIT, Geol- one-quarter to one-third rostrum. ogisches und Palaontologisches Institut, Tubin- Doyle: Belemnites from Greenland

Plae 1. PI& 1-5, PsuOIIRPIItu apiapicIcai~(BlainGUe): l, 2. vmml outline and profile, MGUH 20673, d; 3, ptafile, MGUH m74. xl; 4.5, venid nuiitlineyd piirle, MGUA 211675, XI.Ep 6,7. Hm-sp., eritraioutlirrewid paofite, MGUHXWZ, x1.5. F@ &9,Nannubetu d alvaplaus (Werner), ventrd outfine and prof&. KURml, x5.5, [email protected]. P@w~oI&~?sp., wnt~aloutline and profite. M(3UH2M76. XI. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark

Range: Lower Sinemurian to Lower Pliensba- Passaloteuthis or Pseudohastites, this specimen chian of Europe (Britain, Germany, France, may safely be assigned to the genus Nannobelus Italy, Denmark (Bornholm: GM 1879.742, N. because it lacks any vestige of apical grooves. acutus?), Sweden, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia), The specimen closely resembles N. alveolatus Turkey, ?North Africa and East Greenland. Sib- (Werner), which is equally elongated, but it is erian "Nannobelus" of Toarcian age (Saks & Nal- only tentatively assigned to this species because it 'nyaeva, 1970) are endemic homeomorphs now does not possess a clear, subhastate form (e.g. grouped in the genus Arcobelus Saks, 1967 Werner, 1912, pl. X, fig. 3). (Doyle, in press). The species Belemnites pennicillata Sowerby, as figured by Dumortier (1869, pl. IV, fig. 15), Nannobelus cf. alveolatus Werner, 1912 and cited by Rosenkrantz (1934), approaches this Pl. 1, figs 8, 9. N. alveolatus in form, but is more robust than the present specimen with a slightly inflated venter cf.*1912 Belemnites alveolatus Werner, p. 109, and well-defined lateral lines. pl. X, figs. 2, 3. v1936 Prototeuthis cf. pennicillata (Dum.); Nannobelus sp. Rosenkrantz, p. 30 (MGUH 20671). Pl. 1, figs 6, 7. cf. 1951 Passaloteuthis alveolata (Werner); Troedsson, p. 242, pl. XXIV, figs 1, 2 Material: Rævekloft Member, Liverpool Land. only. Igtijingmit (Igterajivit), MGUH 20672; Kumait, cf. 1962a Belemnites alveolata Werner; Schwe- ?GM 1983.689. gler, p. 14, text-fig. 10 (most up-to-date reference). Description and remarks: Of the two specimens, only one, MGUH 20672, can be definitely as- Type specimens: Syntypes, the originals of Wer- signed to Nannobelus. The other, GM 1983.689, ner (1912, pl. X, figs. 2, 3), Lias P, Heiningen, represents a fragmentary rostrum with a pene- Wurttemburg, Germany. trative phragmocone which cannot be assigned with certainty to this genus. Specimen MGUH Material: Rævekl~ftMember, Jameson Land. 20672 is poorly preserved and slightly leached, Kap Stewart coast profile, bed a, MGUH 20671. but it presents a symmetrical and conical profile and outline, with what was probably an acute apex. The transverse sections are compressed (Dv:DI 0.9). In general form, MGUH 20672 approaches N. acutus (Miller), but N. acutus is not Description: A single, smal], elongated (L = 39.3 commonly as compressed as this specimen (e.g. mm) Nannobelus. The specimen is weathered on Doyle & Marriotti, in press). In this way MGUH one flank, but is otherwise largely well-pre- 20672 approaches the much larger species N. en- served. The profile is symmetrical and cylindri- geli (Werner, 1912, pl. X, fig. 4). conical, but with the impression of slight "waist" developed in the alveolar region. The outline is Pseudohastites Naef, 1922 symmetrical and cylindriconical. Transverse sec- (= ? Catateuthis Nal'nyaeva, 1967, subj.; Propas- tions of the rostrum are pyriform with a broad saloteuthis Riegraf, 1980, subj., non Pseudohas- venter. The apical region is devoid of grooves. tites Lang, 1928 (= new genus)) The phragmocone penetrates up to one-third of the rostrum. Type species: Belemnites scabrosus Simpson, 1866, by original designation. The type specimen Remarks: The elongate form of this rostrum mil- of the type species was recently refigured by itates against a placement within either the Doyle (1990, text-fig. 13). acutely conical N. acutus (Miller) or the more robust N. engeli (Werner). In addition, although Diagnosis: Medium to large, elongate subcylin- it resembles juvenile belemnitids of the genera drical, cylindrical or subhastate Belemnitinae; Doyle: Belemnites from Greenland outline syrnrnetrical, cylindrical to cylindricon- Dimensions: L I Dv D1 ical; profile asymmetrical to symmetrical, sub- MGUH 20673 121.8 65.7 16.2 15.7 20674 101.2 68.2 12.0 - hastate to cylindrical; apex attenuated; trans- 20675 78.2 59.7 13.3 12.7 verse sections subquadrate to elliptical with flat- GM 1983.675 97.2 76.7 12.7 - tened flanks; two short dorsolateral apical grooves restricted to apical region; apical striae Description: Medium to large, cylindriconical common; lateral lines distinct, two elongate sub- Pseudohastites. Outline symmetrical, cylindricon- parallel depressions separated by a ridge; apical ical, flanks weakly divergent adorally from an line ortholineate to goniolineate; phragmocone acute to attenuated apex, becoming parallel in penetrates one-third to one-quarter rostrum. the stem region. Profile broadly similar to outline, cylindriconical, with little inflation of ven- Range: Lower Pliensbachian to Lower Toarcian ter. Transverse sections elliptical, but with lateral of Europe (Britain, Germany, France, Bulgaria, flattening. Apex exhibits only weakly developed Czechoslovakia, Sweden, Portugal), Turkey, dorsolateral apical grooves. Lateral lines where USSR (Siberia) and East Greenland. preserved, are in the form of a narrow ventrolateral depression bordered by a broader dorsolat- Pseudohastites apicicurvata (Blainville, 1827) eral depression above. Phragmocone penetrates Pl. 1, figs 1-5 and 8, 9. one-third of the rostrum. Juvenile elongate and cylindrical to weakly cylindriconical. *l827 Belemnites apicicurvata de Blainville, p. 76, pl. 2, fig. 6. Remarks: This species is well-known in the v1936 Passaloteuthis cf. apicurvata [sic] (de Lower Pliensbachian of Europe and is character- Blainville); Rosenkrantz, p. 55 ised by its elongate and attenuated apex. The (MGUH 20673); p. 58 (GM 1983.674); Greenland specimens closely resemble those fig- p. 59 (Passalotheutis cf. apicurvata [sic], ured by Lang (1928) and Schumann (1974) from MGUH 20674); p. 102 (GM 1983.705); Europe. p. 104 (GM 1983.705). non1951 Passaloteuthis apicicurvata (Blainville); Passaloteuthis Lissajous, 1915 Troedsson, p. 243, pl. XXIV, figs 4, 5 (= Holcoteuthis Stolley, 1919, subj.) (= ? Passaloteuthis ima Lang, 1928). v1962b Belemnites apicicurvata Blainville; Type species: Belemnites bruguieriana d'orbigny, Schwegler, p. 123, text-fig. 18. 1842 (= Belemnites bisulcata Blainville, 1827, v1974 Belemnites paxillosus apicicurvata subj.), by original designation. Blainville; Schuman p. 24, pl. 2, figs 9-13; pl. 3, figs 1. 2 (ful1 synonymy). Diagnosis: Medium to large, cylindrical to weakly subhastate Belemnitinae; outline sym- Type specimen: Neotype, selected Lang (1928, p. metrical, cylindrical, cylindriconical to weakly 205), BMNH C.29521, Bed 120d, Belemnite subhastate; profile similar to outline, but in- Marls (Tragophylloceras ibex Zone), Westhay flated, asymmetrical to symmetrical; transverse Water, Dorset, England. sections subquadrate to circular; two short dorsolateral grooves restricted to apical region; short Material: Rævekl~ftMember, Jameson Land. apical striae common; lateral lines indistinct, two Tancrediakloft, 140 m, GM 1983.699 (juvenile); weak subparallel depressions with weak ridge; Albuen, MGUH 20673; GoniomyakLft, GM apical line goniolineate; phragmocone penetrates 1983.674, 1983.675; mouth of Vardekl~ft, one-third rostrum. MGUH 20674; Constable Pynt, MGUH 20675; Astarte2tLft, ?GM 1983.692-1983.698 (frag- Range: Pliensbachian to Lower Toarcian of Eu- ment~).RzveklØft Member, Liverpool Land. rope (Britain, Germany, France, Italy, Sweden, Kurnait, GM 1983.686 (Juvenile), 1983.688, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia), Turkey, USSR, Chile 1983.689, ?1983.690; Igtkjingmit (Igterajivit), and ?East Greenland. GM 1983.705, 1983.706. Bu iletin .o£ the Gedogid Society of Denmark

Rate 2. fip 1.2. Gus~mbelrrS?uff. mitmp&iiais (Voltz), profile and ventml wrme (upex dist~rted)~MGW xl .Rgs 3.4. Gawbd~?sp.. venml outline and proflc, MGUH 20589. xl. figs 5.6, "Pa~~bdybclur"siihduncntrrs (Vdm). ventral outline and pmfiic. MGUH 2W7. xi. Figh 7-10. hastitid? bitet.: 7. W. ventml ~tli~andp~~)file.klGLIH 2Oá90, xI.S.9.10. ucntral uutline and profile. MGUH 20591. ~1.5.FIS If. 12. Acrmodkn (Taaaihdw) cf. qucdfi(Qppel),wrntd witline and [email protected] 2067% al, Flgs 13. 14, Pa~mtoleurkbp~Iita (Simpson), venid oiitline and prafile. MGUH =nnXI. Doyle: Belemnites from Greenland

Passaloteuthis? sp. nov. Diagnosis: Smal1 to large, robust cylindriconical Pl. 1, figs 10, 11. to weak subhastate Belemnitinae; outline symmetrical, cylindriconical to weak subhastate; pro- v1936 Passaloteuthis cf. apicurvata [sic] (de file similar to outline, though asymmetrical; apex Blainville); Rosenkrantz, p. 104 (MGUH obtuse to mucronate, recurved; transverse sec- 20676). tions subquadrate to quadrate, uncompressed; two, weak to moderate, short dorsolateral Material: RzveklØft Member, Liverpool Land. grooves confined to apical region; lateral lines Igtijingmit (Igterajivit), MGUH 20676. two parallel depressions, dorsal one broad and deep, extending from apical grooves, ventral one Dimensions: L I Dv D1 Dvmax Dlmax x weak and indistinct; apical line cyrtolineate; MGUH 20676 81.0 59.9 11.6 11.8 11.9 13.0 36.4 phragmocone pentrates one-third to one-half rostrum. Description: Medium sized, .subhastate, depressed Passaloteuthis? The outline is symmetri- Range: Upper Pliensbachian to Lower Toarcian cal and subhastate with Dlmax almost at the mid- of Europe (Britain, Germany, France, Czechos- point of the rostrum (at 36.4 mm from the in- lovakia) and East Greenland. complete apex). The flanks weakly diverging adorally from the acute apex to this point, Parapassaloteuthis polita (Simpson, 1866) converging to the position at (1) before weakly Pl. 2, figs 13, 14. diverging again. In profile the rostrum is almost symmetrical and cylindriconical, venter and dor- v*1866 Belemnites politus Simpson, p. 216. sum weakly diverging from the acute apex. The v1936 Megateuthis sp.; Rosenkrantz, p. 62 (GM transverse sections are depressed and almost sub- 1983.681); p. 83 (MGUH 20677). quadrate, but with a greater ventral width than v1990 Parapassaloteuthis polita (Simpson); dorsum. The apex bears two very faint dorsolat- Doyle, p. 27, pl. 5, figs 3-9 (ful1 syn- eral apical grooves largely restncted to the apical tip. Lateral lines are present as a narrow, rela- onym~). tively incised, elongate dorsolateral depression Type specimen: Lectotype, selected Doyle (1990, with an indistinct ventrolateral depression be- p. 27), WM 2047, Dactylioceras commune Sub- neath it. The phragmocone penetrates one-quar- zone, High Whitby, North Yorkshire, England. ter of the rostrum. Material: Ostreaelv Member, Jameson Land. Remarks: This rostrum is unusual in possessing a Vardekl~ft, 382 m, GM 1983.681; Nathorst characteristically depressed transverse section. Fjeld, 494 m, MGUH 20677. The form of cross-sections is a valuable specific character (Doyle & Kelly, 1988) and, largely, depressed sections are unknown in the genus Pas- Dimensions: L 1 Dv D1 Dvmax Dlmax x saloteuthis. However, the overall form of the ros- MGUH trum: its shape and grooves indicate close affinity 20677 85.6 59.6 18.6 14.9 19.2 15.9 45.5 to this genus. For these reasons, the specimen is Description: Medium sized, cylindriconical to only tentatively assigned to Passaloteuthis, and subhastate Parapassaloteuthis. Outline symmetri- although possibly representative of a new spe- cal to weakly subhastate, flanks moderately di- cies, the single specimen available militates verging from an acute but rounded apex to a against the formal erection of a new taxon. point of maximum lateral diameter at the mid- point of the rostrum, weakly converging and then Parapassaloteuthis Riegraf, 1980 flaring adorally. Profile asymmetrical but cylindriconical with a slightly greater inflation of the Type species: Belemnites zieteni Mayer-Eymar, venter. Transverse sections compressed, with 1884, by original designation. flattened flanks and weakly cuwing venter and dorsum. No apical grooves developed; specimen Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark

surface too poorly preserved to observe lateral Acrocoelites (Toarcibelus) cf. quenstedti (Oppel, lines. The phragmocone penetrates one-third of 1856) the rostrum. Pl. 2, figs 11, 12.

Remarks: This specimen is morphologically close cf.*1856 Belemnites Quenstedti Oppel, p. 363. to the type specimen of this species (WM 2047) v1936 Megateuthis rhenana (Oppel); Rosenk- from the Toarcian of North Yorkshire, England. rantz, p. 89 (?GM 1983.713). cf.vl969 Belemnites quenstedti Oppel; Schwe- Subfamily Megateuthidinae Saks and Nal' gler, p. 188, text-fig. 74. 1 nyaeva, 1967 (nom. correct. ex. Megateuthinae cf.vl990 Acrocoelites (Toarcibelus) quenstedti / Saks and Nal'nyaeva, 1967) (Oppel); Doyle, p. 36, pl. 8, figs 3,5-7 I (ful1 synonyrny). Acrocoelites Lissajous, 1915 Type specimen: Neotype, selected Doyle (1990, Type species: Belemnites oxyconus Zieten, 1831, p. 37), original of Schwegler (1969, text-fig. 74), by original designation. GPIT (unregistered), Aalenian, Boll, Wurttem- berg, Germany. Diagnosis: Smal1 and delicate to large and robust, conical, cylindriconical or cylindrical Megateuthi- Material: Ostreaelv Member, Jameson Land. dinae; outline symmetrical, conical, cylindricon- Mountain near Lejrelv, 630-660 m, MGUH ical or cylindrical; profile asymmetrical, conical 20678; Umnigmakberg (Umirnmak Fjeld), 345- or cylindriconical, venter inflated; transverse sec- 360 m, ? GM 1983.713. tions compressed elliptical to subquadrate; apex characterised by two dorsolateral grooves and a Dimensions: L I Dv D1 MG UH single ventral groove; short epirostrum bearing 20678 85.3 59.6 16.6 15.6 striae may be present; lateral lines comprise two broad depressions separated by a weak ridge; Description: Medium sized, cylindriconical Acro- phragmocone penetrates one-quarter to one-half coelites (Toarcibelus) Outline symmetrical, cylin- rostrum; apical line goniolineate. driconical to acutely conical, flanks weakly diverging from an acute apex. Profile asymmetri- Range: Lower Toarcian to Aalenian of Europe cal, cylindriconical with an almost flat dorsum (Britain, France, Gerrnany, Portugal, Bulgaria, and weakly inflated venter. Transverse sections Czechoslovakia), Turkey, USSR (Siberia, Cauca- compressed elliptical becoming laterally inflated sus), North America (Alberta), Spitsbergen, adorally. Apex weathered in this specimen, but East Greenland. section exposed at the fractured apex indicates at least two dorsolateral apical grooves. Phragmo- Subgenus Toarcibelus Riegraf, 1980 cone penetrates and estimated one-third of the rostrum. Type species: Belemnites quenstedti Oppel, 1856, by original designation. Remarks: In overall size and form this specimen approaches A. (T.) quenstedti, but its acute apex Diagnosis: Large, robust, cylindriconical to cy- and alrnost conical outline allow only a tentative lindrical Acrocoelites; transverse sections sub- referal to this species. quadrate; apical grooves well-defined, ventral groove reduced in some species; apex striated; Subgenus Odontobelus Naef, 1922 phragmocone penetrates one-quarter rostrum. Type species: Belemnites pyramidalis Zieten, Range: Lower Toarcian to Aalenian of Europe 1831, by original designation. (Britain, France, Germany, Bulgaria, Czechoslo- vakia), USSR (Siberia), East Greenland. Diagnosis: Medium, robust conical to cylindriconical Acrocoelites; venter inflated; apex acute Hatt 3. Figs 1-5.9.10, AmwiRec fO&whiw] (Teung& Bid): 1,z. el~ngatthm,~ntdwUidsad prw. m79,x t; 34, SIk0l-t f9mv iSWIat won, *Mtd al* and prwe, w-, 8: 9,10, slusll fmn, p* and t&em sedan*MGWH ml, xl. F+ 6,4~mme& sp.juv, (iwsniae AcmcQsa2ap (Tm-hiaJ ph+h-p @HppsMij?),ptk MGUH XHZ. XI. M T+&, ~~~IILTm{Sim*)* ~trsl&C d m,MGUH m,xt. 12-W,&rnpmntbetw (Simpn): l l, lit, venbal outlinc dp&, MGUH-, xi; U. 14, veohd and profile, MGUHW,dg 15.16, ucnfial wtaneiaad prptpe, MGUH 2W6,x& Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark

to relatively obtuse; transverse sections com- up to one-third of the rostrum, the apical line is pressed elliptical; ventral apical groove com- goniolineate. monly reduced; phragmocone penetrates one- half rostrum. Remarks: In overall form, these belemnites ap- proach A. (0.) vulgaris, although they can also Range: Toarcian of Europe (Britain, Germany, be favourably compared with A. (0.) levidensis France, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Portugal), (Blake) (see Doyle, 1990, pl. 15, figs 4-7). How- USSR (Siberia) and East Greenland. ever, the compressed transverse sections of these rostra, and their inflated profiles, indicates close Acrocoelites (Odontobelus) vulgaris (Young & affinity with A. (0.)vulgaris. Specimen MGUH Bird, 1822) 20679 is elongate reIative to specimens MGUH Pl. 3, figs 1-5, 9, 10. 20680 and MGUH 20681. This phenomenon was also noted in A. (0.) vulgaris specimens from *l822 Belemnites vulgaris Young & Bird, p. 258, England by Doyle (1990, p. 45), who suggested pl. 14, fig. 1. the possibility of the two forms representing sex- v1936 Megateuthis sp.; Rosenkrantz, p. 62 ual dimorphs of a single biological species. (MGUH 20680); p. 82 (MGUH 20679). v1969 Belemnites tripartitus crassus Quenstedt; Acrocoelites sp. juv. Schwegler, p. 199, text-fig. 82. Pl. 3, fig. 6. v1990 Acrocoelites (Odontobelus) vulgaris (Young & Bird); Doyle, p. 44, pl. 11, figs Material: Ostreaelv Member, Jameson Land. 6-8; pl. 13, figs 6,7; pl. 14, figs 4-6; pl. 15, Harris Fjeld (loose block), MGUH 20682. figs 2, 3 (full synonymy). Dimensions: L I Dv Dl Type specimen: Neotype, selected Doyle (1990, p. 44), OUM J. 15397, Alum Shales (Hildoceras bifrons Zone), Whitby, North Yorkshire, Discussion: The single specimen is representative England. of a juvenile Acrocoelites, possible of the subgenus Toarcibelus. Only the left profile is well- Material: Ostreaelv Member, Jameson Land. preserved in this specimen, the right profile being Vardekl@ft, MGUH 20680; Nathorst Fjeld, obscured by a coarse sandstone matrix. The pre- MGUH 20679; Hj~rnefjeldet,MGUH 20681. served flank exhibits an acutely conical rostrum with an attenuated apex. The outline can be in- terpreted as cylindriconical in form. The profile Dimensions: L I Dv Dl MGUH exhibits a well-developed dorsolateral apical 20679 69.9 69.9 23.1 17.8 groove with striations. Lateral lines are indistinct, but comprise a ventrolateral flattening with a barely discernable dorsolateral line above it. Althoug incomplete, the morphology of this juvenile is reminiscent of juvenile specimens of Discription: Medium sized, cylindriconical the species Acrocoelites (Toarcibelus) trisulculo- Odontobelus. Outline cylindriconical to cylindri- sus (Simpson) (e.g. Doyle, 1990, pl. 9, fig. 5). cal, with flanks diverging from an acute apex, The distinctive striated apical grooves and in- becoming almost parallel in the stem region. Pro- flated venter are characteristic of the juvenile of file asymmetrical, venter inflated and conical to this species. cylindriconical. Venter and dorsum inflated and arcuate, curving adapically to an acute apex. Simpsonibelus Doyle, 1991 Transverse sections compressed elliptical. Sur- face of rostra poorly preserved, but in specimen Type species: Belemnites exparzsus Simpson, MGUH 20681 at least two dorsolateral apical 1855, by original designation. grooves are preserved. Phragmocone penetrates Doyle: Belemnites from Greenland

Diagnosis: Smal1 to medium, hastate to subhas- tion. The apex bears a well-defined ventral apical tate Megateuthidinae; outline symmetrical, has- groove, and two less well-defined, shorter and tate to subhastate; profile asymmetrical, arched, broader dorsolateral apical grooves. The phrag- hastate; position of maximum inflation in stem mocone penetrates approximately one third of third of rostrum; apex acute to attenuated; trans- the rostrum, and the apical line is strongly cyrtoli- verse sections depressed to compressed, sub- neate. quadrate in alveolar region, rounded adapically; well-defined ventral groove restricted to apex, Remarks: Although the compressed sections in broadening adorally, two less distinct dorsolat- the apical and stem regions of this specimen are eral apical grooves also present; short, mid-dor- uncommon in British representatives of this spe- sal groove may be present, not attaining anterior cies (Doyle, 1991), the depressed alveolar section border, lacks splitting surface; lateral lines two and short robust form distinguishes it from Simp- parallel narrow depressions separated by weak to sonibelus lentus (Simpson). moderate ridge; apical line cyrtolineate; phragmocone penetrates one-quarter to one-fifth ros- Simpsonibelus lentus (Sirnpson, 1855) trum. Pl. 3, figs 11-16.

Range: Toarcian of Europe (Britain, Germany) v*1855 Belemnites lentus Simpson, p. 34. and East Greenland. v1936 Megareuthis cf. quenstedti (Oppel); Ro- senkrantz, p. 93 MGUH 20685). Simpsonibelus expansus (Simpson, 1855) v1984 Dactyloteuthis (Catateuthis)inaudita (Vo- PI. 3, figs 7, 8. ronez); Riegraf et al., p. 159, pl. 12, figs 5-8. v*1855 Belemnites expansus Simpson. p. 31. v1991 Simpsonibelus lentus (Simpson); Doyle, v1984 Dactyloteuthis (Catateuthis) aff. inaudita in press (full synonymy). , (Voronez); Riegraf et al., p. 161, pl. 12, fig. 9. Type specimen: Holotype, WM 54, Alum Shales, v1991 Simpsonibelus expansus (Simpson); Hildoceras bijrons Zone, Whitby, North York- Doyle, in press (full synonymy). shire, England.

Type specimen: Holotype, WM 2685, Alum Material: Ostreaelv Member, Jameson Land. Shales, Peronoceras fibulatum - Catacoeloceras Nathorst Fjeld, 543 m, MGUH 20686, MGUH crassum subzones, Whitby, North Yorkshire, 20684; Hjornefjeldet, loc. 5,320425 m, MGUH England. 20685.

Material: Ostreaelv Member, Jameson Land. Dimensions: L 1 Dv D1 Dvmax Dlmax x MGUH Nathorst Fjeld, 543 m, MGUH 20683. 20686 69.1 53.7 12.7 10.5 12.8 10.7 42.8

Dirnensions: L I Dv Dl Dvrnax Dlmax x Description: Medium sized, cylindrical to sub- MGUH 20683 53.3 36.7 10.9 10.3 11.0 10.3 29.0 hastate Simpsonibelus. Of the three specimens, only MGUH 20686 is preserved with apex, stem, Description: This specimen is representative of a and a portion of the alveolar region, and the small, weakly subhastate Simpsonibelus. The description is based on this rostrurn. Specirnens outline is symmetrical and barely subhastate with MGUH 20684 and MGUH 20685 comprise only the position of rnaximum lateral inflation at the apical regions. Outline symmetrical, barely sub- mid-point of the rostrum, and an acute apex. The hastate to cylindncal with flanks diverging from profile is almost symmetrical, and subhastate, but an acute apex only in the apical region. Profile with weakly inflated venter and rounded apex. asymmetncal, with an inflated venter, and barely The transverse sections are compressed elliptical subhastate, the maximum dorsoventral diameter in the apex and stem, becoming depressed in the in the adapical portion of the stem region. Trans- alveolar region, with a flat dorsum in this posi- verse sections very compressed and elliptical for Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark

the length of the rostrum. Apex characterised by kind of grooves also occur in the genus Passalo- a well-defined ventral apical groove and two less teuthis (e.g. Riegraf et al., 1984), but are prob- well-defined dorsolateral grooves. The flanks are ably not of great value in taxonomy given their too abraded to reveal lateral lines. The alveolus transitory nature. What is clear from the fore- penetrates an estimated one-quarter of the ros- going discussion, is that Belemnites subaduncatus trum, and the apical line is cyrtolineate. is not closely related to Brevibelus. Therefore, given that the present study rests on a single Remarks: The form of the three specimens, de- imperfect specimen, as a contingency "Parabra- spite their imperfection, matches closely that of chybelus" is tentatively employed here as a nomi- the type specimen (WM 54) from the Toarcian of nal genus, more related in form to the genus the North Yorkshire, England. Megafeuthis than to Brevibelus. Confirmation of the status of "Parabrachybelus" will rest with a "Parabrachybelus" Riegraf, 1980 study of a more comprehensive collection of representatives of the type species. Type species: Belemnites subaduncatus Voltz, 1830, by original designation. "Parabrachybelus" subaduncatus (Voltz, 1830) Pl. 2, figs 5, 6. Discussion: This taxon was formally erected, as a subgenus of Brachybelus Naef, by Riegraf (1980) *l830 Belemnites subaduncatus Voltz; p. 48, pl. to contain the type species, following the dis- III, fig. 2. cussion of its taxonomic position by Schwegler 1830 Belemnites subaduncatus Voltz; Zieten, p. (1971, p. 100). In his discussion, Schwegler il- 27, pl. XXI, fig. 4 lustrated the overall Passaloteuthis-like morphol- 1902 Belemnites subaduncatus Voltz; Janensch, ogy of Belemnites subaduncatus, comparing it p. 124, pl. XII, fig. 5 (non fig. 6 = ?Mega- with older Jurassic species of Pseudohastites. teuthis rhenana (Oppel)). However, both Schwegler (1971) and Riegraf v1936 cf. Passaloteuthis subaduncata (Voltz); Ro- (1980) concluded that Belemnites subaduncatus senkrantz, p. 84 (MGUH 20687). was closely related to the genus Brachybelus (a v1971 Belemnites subaduncatus Voltz; Schwe- junior homonym of Brachybelus Stål, Insecta, gler, p. 100, text-fig. 109. replacement name Brevibelus Doyle, 1991). v1980 Brachybelus (Parabrachybelus) subadun- Schwegler (1971) indicated that flattening of the catus (Voltz); Riegraf, p. 152. flanks and excentricity of the alveolus allied B. subaduncatus with that genus, while Riegraf ljpe specimens: The original specimens of Voltz (1980) pointed to the apparent "furchenlose" (1830) have been destroyed by fire (M. Wolf, (groove-less) condition of the apex as a valuable Pers comm. 1983). A neotype should be selected character. The present specimen described be- for this species, but this action is not appropriate low, which is close to the original of Voltz (1830, in the present paper. pl. III, fig. 2), has relatively well-developed grooves, unknown in Brevibelus (see Doyle Material: Ostreaelv Member, Jameson Land. 1991), and any similarity in crosssectional form Nathorst Fjeld, 543 m, MGUH 20687. and excentricity of the apical line is not sufficient to ally B. subaduncatus with this genus. Remarks: A single specimen comprising a frag- Thus, as Schwegler (1971) has already noted, ment of an apical region (L = 48.7) of an appar- the true affinity of B. subaduncatus is ellusive. ently cylindrical or cylindnconical rostrum. From The grooves and form of the apex ally it with the fragment preserved, the outline appears cy- both Passaloteuthis Lissajous (Pliensbachian- lindrical with flanks becoming parallel rapidly Lower Toarcian) and Megateuthis Bayle (Upper from the apex, while the profile appears more Toarcian-Bajocian). Schwegler (1971) suggests cylindnconical, with an acute and slightly re- that the presence in some specimens of an curved apex in this view. The transverse section apparent ventral apical groove was proof that it at the fractured, adoral, end of the specimen is was closely related to Acrocoelites. The same rounded subquadrate and compressed, typical of Doyle: Belemnites from Greenland

the species. The apex is also characteristic, bear- Belemnites ventroplanus Voltz, p. 40, ing two short but incised dorsolateral apical pl. 1, fig. 10. grooves, but has well-defined apical striae on the Belemnites ventroplanus Voltz i.e.S; venter and dorsum which are not recorded by Schwegler, p. 78, text-fig. 48. other authors. Gastrobelus ventroplanus (Voltz); Schumann, p. 39, pl. 4, figs 10-13 (ful1 Family Hastitidae Naef, 1922 synonymy).

Gastrobelus Naef, 1922 Type specimens: The original specimens of Voltz (1830) have been destroyed by fire (M. Wolf, Type species: Belemnites ventroplanus Voltz, Pers comm. 1983). A neotype should be selected 1830, by original designation. for this species, but this action is not appropriate here. Discussion: This genus is relatively poorly known and defined. The type species possesses a dis- Material: Rævekl~ftMember, Jameson Land. tinctive morphology with a rounded, bulbous and Mouth of Astartekloft, MGUH 20688. yet depressed hastate rostrum which lacks apical grooves and has a characteristic flattened venter. Dimensions: L I Dv Dl Dvmax Dlmax x These characters were highlighted in the original MGUH generic diagnosis of Naef (1922, p. 235). How- 20688 57.9 41.8 10.1 10.8 10.9 11.6 25.6 ever, the concept of the genus was extended by Schumann (1974) who included within it the spe- Description: Medium sized, hastate Gastrobe- cies Belemnites faseolus Dumortier and Belem- lus?. Outline symmetrical, subhastate. Profile nites virgatus Mayer. Both species contrast asymmetrical, suhastate with weakly inflated greatly with the type and are not easily contained venter, Position of maximum inflation is in the within the genus, being distinctly compressed central stem region o£ the rostrum. Apex obtuse with acute apices and even apical grooves. More and rounded, but with a pathological deformity reasonable is the inclusion of Belemnites subde- in this specimen displacing the apex towards the pressus Voltz, and Belemnites umbilicatus Blain- right flank. Transverse sections depressed sub- ville in the genus by Riegraf (1980, p. 145), as circular in the stem region becoming subquadrate they are characterised by rounded apices and de- in the alveolar region. There are no apical or pressed transverse sections. This interpretation is alveolar grooves present. Although preserved in followed here. a coarse matrix, the left flank displays an elon- The inclusion of the genus Gastrobelus Naef in gate lateral depression corresponding to a por- the family Hastitidae follows J. A. Jeletzky (pers tion of the lateral lines. The apical line is cyrtoli- comm. 1986) and is tentatively based on the has- neate. Phragmocone penetrates one-third of the tate form of the rostrum and the rounded, rostrum. grooveless apex. Further study, particularly of the lateral lines, is necessary to confirm this, but Remarks: This specimen approaches G. ventro- the two present specimens add little to the de- planus in the bulbous form of its rostrum, and its bate. subcircular transverse sections. It clearly has a The belemnites described below are hastate cyrtolineate apical line and has a slightly de- with weakly depressed to compressed transverse pressed transverse section. However, the typical sections and rounded apices. Gastrobelus? aff. examples of this species (e.g. Voltz, 1830, pl. 1, ventroplanus is relatively characteristic of the ge- fig. 10; Dumortier, 1869, pl. 5, figs 5-7) have a nus, and although Gastrobelus? sp. is less so, it is much more pronounced ventral flattening, and included within it because it is unrepresentative therefore it can not be assigned to this species of other hastitid genera. with any certainty.

Gastrobelus? aff. ventroplanus (Voltz, 1830) Gastrobelus? sp. Pl. 2, figs 1, 2. Pl. 2, figs 3, 4. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark

Material: RævekLft Member, Jameson Land. tion. Specimen MGUH 20690 is most like a hasti- Dusén Bjerg (Dusén Fjeld), 550 m, MGUH tid, close in fact to the genus Hastites. It is 20689. slender and flares at the adoral-most part of the rostrum. The transverse sections are slightly com- Dimensions: L I Dv Dl Dvmax Dlmax x pressed with flattened flanks. There is no evi- MGUH 20689 52.3 36.9 10.1 9.2 10.7 10.1 23.8 dente of the former presence of a bulbous stem apart from a slight flaring. Most important Description: Medium sized hastate rostrum with though is the presence of a pair of closely parallel affinities to Gastrobelus. Outline symmetrical, lateral lines along each flank (Doppellinien), hastate with an acute apex. Profile similar to characteristic of some members of the Hastitidae outline. Position of maximum inflation in stem and of the Belemnopseina in the younger Jurassic third of rostrum. Transverse sections compressed and Cretaceous. Specimen MGUH 20691 is more and subquadrate for the length of the rostrum, robust and compressed, but again displays the being most quadrate in the alveolar region. The characteristic lateral lines. apex is smooth and devoid of grooves apart from a false "groove" eroded along a fracture plane. Mid-dorsal in the alveolar region is another Stratigraphical significance of the groove. This could represent a primary alveolar belemnite fauna groove, but it is eroded and could equally be an artifact of preservation. Lateral lines are difficult The original collections made by Rosenkrantz to determine, but the left flank has a pronounced (1934) form the basis for most published age de- flattening over most of its mid-part. The apical termination~of the Neill Klinter Formation, the line is weakly cyrtolineate. The phragmocone fossiliferous horizons of the Rævekloft and Os- penetrates one third of the rostrum. treaelv mernbers providing the lower and upper control. This dating has been based upon the few Remarks: This specimen is not easily contained specimens of ammonites that Rosenkrantz was within the genus Gastrobelus. Particularly prob- able to obtain, along with extrapolation of litho- lematical are the acute apex and the compressed types and the association of certain bivalve spe- transverse section of this specimen. The pro- cies. nounced hastate form is suggestive of Hastites, Belemnites have been used in recent zonal but the specimen is much too robust and squat to schemes for parts of the Early Jurassic in other sanction assignment ot this genus. The genus regions (Stoyanova-Vergilova, 1977; Doyle, Pleurobelus Naef is characterised by a com- 1990), and have considerable further potential as pressed rostrum with a quadrate alveolar section, Jurassic biostratigraphical tools. Although there but without an acute apex. On balance the pre- are relatively few belemnites surviving in Ro- sent specimen is assigned to Gastrobelus? be- senkrantz's original collection, Dam (1989) re- cause of its robust hastate form, although with cords that they are not uncommon, in the Ræve- due hesitancy. kl~ftMember at least, and their presence in the Neill Klinter Formation provides a further con- Hastitid? indet. tro1 on the dating of this sequence. Pl. 2, figs 7-10. R~vekl~ftMember- Within the Rævekloft Mem- v1936 Hastites? sp.; Rosenkrantz, p. 102 ber, Rosenkrantz (1934) found that fossils were (MGUH 20690, 20691). restricted to certain fossiliferous levels punc- tuated by largely barren intervals. This has been Material: Rzvekloft Member, Liverpool Land. confirmed by the observation of later workers Kumait, MGUH 20690. 20691. (e.g. Dam, 1989, fig. 2). Rosenkrantz was able to identify two divisions: a lower, or Uptonia jame- Discussion: Two fragments of the alveolar re- soni division, with a diverse rnolluscan (mostly gions of hastitid? rostra are present in the collec- bivalve) fauna of 150 species, and an upper division containing approximately 20 molluscan spe- Doyle: Belemnites from Greenland

of N. alveolatus, from the lowest bed (bed a) of the coast profile at Kap Stewart. The stratigraphical range of this species in Germany (text-fig. 2) is consistent with a Uptonia jamesoni Zone age for at least the basal part of RæveklØft Member, although the paucity of specimens prevents firm conclusions. The commonest belemnite in the RæveklØft Member appears to be Pseudohastites apicicurvata (Blainville) given the specimens still available, and the records given by Rosenkrantz (1934). CO-occuringin some sections are hastitids of the genera Gastrobelus? and hastitid indet. The distinctive P. apicicurvata and Gastrobelus? provide an important age control (text-fig. 2). In Germany (Schumann, 1974; Riegraf, 1980) and England (Lang, 1928; Palmer, 1972) these belemnites are unknown in rocks older than the Tra- gophylloceras ibex Zone (text-fig. 2), while for Text-fig. 2. European stratigraphical ranges of the belemnite species from the Revekl0ft Member. Biostratigraphical zones Bulgaria, Stoyanova-Vergilova (1977) designated from Dean et al. (1961). Sin., Sinemurian; Pl., Pliensbachian. a "Catateuthis apicicurvata" belemnite zone ap- Subzones: 1, Phricodoceras taylori; 2, Polymorphites polymor- proximately equivalent to the Tragophylloceras phus; 3, Platypleuroceras brevkpha; 4, Uptonia jamesoni; 5, Tropidoceras masseanum; 6, Acanthopleuroceras valdani; 7, ibex and Prodactylioceras davoei zones, succeed- Beaniceras luridum; 8, Aegoceras maculatum; 9, Aegoceras ca- ing two zones based on the occurrence of Nanno- pricornus; 10, Oistocerasfigulinum; 11, Amaltheus stokesi; 12, Amaltheus subnododus; 13, Amaltheus gibbosus. For N. alveo- belus. The species Gastrobelus ventroplanus is lata, read N. alveofatus. known only from the Prodactylioceras davoei to Amaltheus margaritatus zones in Germany and cies, including rare specimens of Beaniceras and Bulgaria (text-fig. 2). Cin~urová(1979, p. 30) Aegoceras. Although Rosenkrantz considered gave only an Early Pliensbachian age for the oc- that this upper division was representative of the currence of P. apicicurvata in Czechoslovakia, Tragophylloceras ibex Zone, Callomon (1960, p. but noted that it occurs above strata containing 261) later identified the Aegoceras as representa- Nannobelus alveolatus and N. engeli. This is tive of the maculatum group, indicative of the strong evidence that Rosenkrantz's Uptonia ja- lowermost Prodactylioceras davoei Zone. All the mesoni bed has an age range of Uptonia jamesoni belemnites recovered from the Rzvekl~ftMem- to at least Tragophylloceras ibex and possibly ber by Rosenkrantz were apparently collected early Prodactylioceras davoei Zone age (text-fig. from the Uptonia jamesoni division. 2). The European stratigraphical ranges of Ræve- kl~ftMember belemnite species are given in text- Ostreaelv Member- The Ostreaelv Member fig. 2. Nannobelus ranges in age from the Sine- yielded a greater diversity of ammonites to Ro- murian to the earliest Pliensbachian, Uptonia ja- senkrantz (1934) than the older Rzveklaft Mem- mesoni Zone, across Europe. In southern Ger- ber. These ammonites to Rosenkrantz (1934) many, only the species N. alveolatus (Werner) than the older RzveklØft Member. These ammo- and N. engeli (Werner) are known to extend into nites are typical of the Toarcian and comprise the Uptonia jamesoni Zone (Riegraf, 1980), and mainly species of Pseudolioceras with some Dac- this is apparent in Scania also (Troedsson, 1951). tylioceras (including D. groenlandicum Rosenk- In Turkey, N. acutus (Miller) has been recorded rantz, figured but not described by Rosenkrantz, from an othenvise distinctive Uptonia jamesoni 1934, pl. 5, figs 4, 5). With the aid of these Zone fauna (Doyle & Mariotti, in press). The ammonites, Rosenkrantz (p. 118) distinguished specimens recorded from the Rævekl~ftMember Hildoceras bifrons, Grammoceras striatulum and include MGUH 20671, probably representative Pleydellia aalensis zones (= Hildoceras bifrons, Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark

Member species in Europe are given in text- fig. 3. Palaeontologically, one of the fullest Toar- cian sequences collected by Rosenkrantz (1936) in Jameson Land is that exposed in Nathorst Fjeld (Rosenkrantz, 1934, p. 80, pl. 12). At his locality 2 on Nathorst Fjeld, Rosenkrantz collected a specimen of Parapassaloteuthis polita at an altitude of 494 m, and another of "Parabra- chybelus" subaduncatus from 509 m. These species have restricted ranges and are not known to be widespread throughout Europe. However, P. polita is only recorded from the latest Harpoceras falcijerum Zone or earliest Hildoceras bifrons Zone (Dactylioceras commune Subzone) in Bri- tain (Doyle, 1990), while "P. subaduncatus", so far recorded only from mainland Europe, has a Text-fig. 3. European stratigraphical ranges of belemnite species from the Ostreaelv Member. Biostratigraphical zones from range probably restncted to the Dumortieria lev- Dean et al. (1961) and Howarth (1978). Subzones: I, Harpoc- esquei Zone (Riegraf, 1980; text-fig. 3). This eras exaratum; 2, Harpoceras falciferum; 3, Dactylioceras com- proves the presence in the Ostreaelv Member of mune; 4, Peronoceras fibulatum; 5, Catacoeloceras crassum; 6, Grammoceras striatulum; 7, Pseudogrammoceras fallaciosum; strata of early Hildoceras bifrons Zone to Du- 8, Phlyseogrammoceras dispansum; 9, Dumortieria levesquei; mortieria levesquei Zone age, which is consistent 10, Dumortieria moorei; 11, Pleydellia aulensis. with the ranges of the other belemnite species recorded from this member, Acrocoelites vulga- Grammoceras thouarsense and Dumortieria lev- ris, Simpsonibelus expansus, S. lentus and A. esquei zones) based mainly on species of Pseudo- quenstedti (text-fig. 3). This in turn is broadly lioceras. Howarth (1978, p. 249) has summarised consistent with Rosenkrantz's (1934) observa- the correlation of Arctic successions using Pseu- tions. dolioceras. Most interpretations, including that Furthermore, the presence of Parapassalo- of Rosenkrantz, correlate the first major occur- teuthis polita in the Ostreaelv Member confirms rence of diverse Pseudolioceras in the Arctic re- that strata of Dactylioceras commune Subzone gions (with P. compactile (Simpson)) with the age (the oldest subzone of the Hildoceras bifrons Grammoceras striatulum Subzone in Europe Zone) are represented in southeastern Jameson (e.g. FreboId, 1975, table 1). However, Howarth Land. That still older strata may be present in the (1978) proposed that a better correlation was Ostreaelv Member is indicated by two separate with the top of the Peronoceras fibulatum Sub- lines of evidence. The presence of beds of Har- zone (Hildoceras bifrons Zone), as most "spe- poceras falciferum Zone age, is suggested by the cies" of Pseudolioceras could be accomodated single, possible juvenile Acrocoelites (Toarcibe- within the single nominal species P. lythense lus) trisulculosus (Simpson), a species restricted (Young & Bird). Given this interpretation, the to the Harpoceras falciferum Zone in Europe Ostreaelv Member could be given a solely Early (text-fig. 3). Beds of Dactylioceras tenuicostatum Toarcian (Hildoceras bijrons Zone) age, rather Zone age might also be present in the Ostreaelv than an Early and Late Toarcian age as originally Member. This observation is based on the pres- indicated by Rosenkrantz. ence of the ammonite Ostreaelv Member. This As for the Rzvekloft Member, the belemnite observation is based on the presence of the Dac- fauna provides an additional control on the dat- tylioceras groenlandicum Rosenkrantz aff. semi- ing of the Ostreaelv Member. Belemnites are celatum (Simpson) recorded from the lower beds perhaps more diverse in the Toarcian than at any of the Ostreaelv Member at Nathorst Fjeld (Ro- other time (e.g. Riegraf et al., 1984; Doyle, 1990, senkrantz, 1934). These beds did not apparently 1991), and recent work has proved their worth in yield belemnites. It has been assumed that this Jurassic biostratigraphy (Stoyanova-Vergilova, Dactylioceras is representative of the younger 1977; Doyle, 1990). The ranges of Ostreaelv Hildoceras bifrons Zone (Rosenkrantz, 1934), Doyle: Belemnites from Greenland but it is the opinion of M. K. Howarth (pers Acknowledgements. I am grateful to Dr W. K. Christensen for the opportunity to study this belemnite fauna, for his hospitality comm. 1991) that this form is indeed close to during my visits to Copenhagen, and for arranging for the Dactylioceras semicelatum (Simpson), a subzonal specimens to be photographed by Steen Jakobsen at the Geol- index for the top Dactylioceras tenuicostatum ogisk Museum. Dr S. Watt kindly advised on Greenland place names, and I am grateful to Dr M. K. Howarth and Professors Zone in Europe (Howarth, 1973). This species J. H. Callomon and D. T. Donovan for discussion. The manu- has a broad range in morphology, including ro- script was much improved by the attention of my two referees, Drs F. Surlyk and W. K. Christensen. bust individuals resembling Catacoeloceras (Ho- warth, 1973, p1 7-g), and it is therefore feasible that the Dactylioceras-bearing beds of the Os- treaelv Member are older than first thought. Fur- Dansk sammendrag ther study of the ammonite fauna, beyond the scope of this paper, is required for confirmation Belemnitter indsamlet i 1920erne fra den nedre jurassiske Neill Klinter Formation på 0stgrbnland bliver her beskrevet for of these observations. fbrste gang. Der findes to forskellige belemnit faunaer. Rævekleft Mem- ber indeholder Nannobelus, Pseudohastites, Passaloteuthis?, Gastrobelus? samt en hastitid form. Dette indicerer en alder Palaeobiogeographical significance of svarende til nedre pliensbachien (Uptonia jamesoni til Proda- clioceras Zonerne) for den mollusk rige nedre fauna. the belemnite fauna Ostreaelv Member indeholder Parapassalotheuthis, Acrocoe- lites (Toarcibelus), A. (Odontobelus), Simpsonibelus og "Pa- The significance of this fauna to belemnite bioge- rabrachybelus". Dette indicerer en toarcien alder (Hildoceras ography has already been briefly touched upon befrons til Haugia variabilis Zonen). Imidlertid antyder tilste- deværelsen af Parapassaloteuthis en ældste alder svarende til elsewhere (Doyle, 1987, in press; Doyle & Ma- Dactylioceras commune Subzonen. Et Ibst eksemplar af en riotti, in press), but for completeness a summary formodet juvenil Acrocoelites trisulculosus antyder at Ostreaelv of its significance is given below. Member kan række tidsmæssigt ind i Harpoceras falciferum Zonen. The palaeogeography of Jameson Land in Pliensbacien arterne er identiske med vesteuropæiske former Early Jurassic times has been illustrated by Sur- og er de hidtil nordligst forekommende. Toarcien arterne har sterst affinitet til vesteuropæiske former og adskiller sig fra den lyk et al. (1981), Dam (1989, 1990) and Surlyk aldersmæssigt tilsvarende sibiriske belemnitfauna, der udvikles (1990). 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