'55
NOAA Technical Report NMFS SSRF-755 Annotated Bibliography and Subject Index on the Summer Flounder, Paralichthys dentatus
Paul G. Scarlett
March 1982
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service National
722. activity. and a.e and IIC ompo Ilion Nicholson. Mar h 1978. III 8 p I Ii. 12 labln
IIp.lfl'tabin
72.. Eslunated averaae daiI IRJtantancou numbCT mercial lishermen and boalcn In the AndR'W Ba cent coastal waler • 1973 By Doyle F therland ligs .• II table .
725. Seasonal bollom·water temperature trcncb In the Georges Bank. I 963·7S. By Clarence W Da Ma ligs.. Stables.
726. The Gulf of Mune temperature llructure beI_ Bar Har and Yarmoulh. Nova Scot ... June 197~ cmbCT 1976 B Robert J 10wski. DecembCT 1978. III + 10 P .... lias • 1 tabic
727. Expendable bathythertnotraph observallons from the Ship of Opponunity PTosram for I97S By Sleven K 00 Iins. and Christine S. Carty January 1979. I 93 p • 2 Ii app. ligs.
728. Vertical sectIOns of semImonthly man temperature on the San Fr_ Honolulu route. From expendable balhythcrmop"aph oblervatlOlll. June I9«.-Decanbcr 197.. By J. F. T. Saur. L. E Ebcr. D R Mclain. and C E Dorman. January 1979. ill + 3S p .•• rIP • 1 table
729. References for the Identiracatlon of manne Invertebrates 01\ the southern Atlantic coast of the United States. By Richard E. Dowda pril 1979. I 37 p.
730. Surface circulation in the nonhwestern Gulf of Meuco as deduced from drift bollies. By Robert F. Temple and John A. Martin May 1979. IU 13 p .• 8 fJlS .• 4 tables.
731. Annotated bibliography and subject index on the shonllOle Sluraeon. At"/ penser brevirostrum. By James G. Hoff. April 1979. ill + 16 P 743 ...... , ...... , 732. Assessment of the Nonhwest Atlantic mackerel. Scum.,. -bnu. Ierina 5eL .,...... stock. By Emory D. Anderson. April 1979. iv + 13 p .• 9 flp .• IS tabla. tip., ...... NOAA Technical Report NMFS SSRF- 755
Annotated Bibliography and Subject Index on the Summer Flounder, Paralichthys dentatus
Paul G. Scarlett
March 1982
u.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Malcolm Baldrige, Secretary National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration John V. Byrne, Administrator National Marine Fisheries Service William G. Gordon, Assistant Administrator for Fisheries The National Marine Fisheries Service (. '.\IFS) does not approve, rec· ommend or endorse any proprietary product or proprlf'tary mater'al mentioned in this publication. :\0 referenc!! shall be made to :-';.\IF , or to this publication furnished by ~;\lFS, in any advertising or aalplI pro· motion which would indicate or Imply that. ',\1 F, approves, recommend or endorses any proprietary product or proprietary matl'rial m ntionpd herein, or which has as its purpo e an intent to cau e dir ctly or indlT ctl}' the advertised product to be u ed or purchased b ('AU P. of this. ':-.IF publication. CONTENTS
Introduction ......
Bibliography ......
Subject index ...... II
iii Annotated Bibliography and Subject Index on the Summer Flounder, Paralichthys dentatus
PAUL G. SCARLETT'
ABSTRACT
An annotated bibliography and subject index for 114 references are presented on the identity, distribution, life history, ecology, behavior, exploitation, and population dynamics of the summer nounder, Paralichlhys den/alus.
INTRODUCTION
This bibliography consists of 114 references on the distribu of each publication than can be obtained from their titles. tion, life history, ecology, behavior, and exploitation of the sum Where possible, the abstract of a publication was used as a guide mer flounder, Paralichthys dentatus (Linneaus). Only those to provide an annotation. Headings for the subject index are references that exclusively pertain to, supply important facts based on the outline provided by Rosa (1965 '). about (i.e., identifies limits of range), or contain a large section The search for literature on summer flounder was undertaken on summer flounder have been included. Popular articles have during the course of preparing a fishery management plan under purposely been omitted. the State/Federal Fisheries Management Program. Many of the References are listed alphabetically by author's surname. references listed in the bibliography were provided by members Those with multiple authors are listed only under the senior of the Summer Flounder Scientific and Statistical Committee, author's name. All works by the same author are listed notably Arnold Howe, Michael Fogarty, George Maltezos, John chronologically by year of publication. Poole, Stuart Wilk, Paul Hamer, Ronal Smith, James Casey, Brief annotations of the contents of each publication are John Musick and John Gillikin. I also wish to thank the typist, given. The annotations are not intended to be value judgments, Peggy Reno. but are included to provide clearer descriptio'1s of the contents
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ANDERSON, V. T ., Jr. BIGELOW, H. B., and W. C. SCHROEDER. 1978. Reversed summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus 1953. Fishes of the Gulf of Maine. U.S. Fish Wildl. L.) from the Middle Atlantic Bight. Bull. N.J. Acad. Serv., Fish. Bull. 53, 557 p. Sci. 23(1):39-41. Includes a description, size range, seasonal Dextral summer flounder are described for the first movements, food habits, and range of summer time with a fully migrated left eye and normal dorsal flounder. fin origin. Morphometry and meristics are given for four specimens. BOWMAN, R. E., R. O. MAURER, Jr., and J. A. MURPHY. BEDSOLE, H . L. , Jr. , B. F . HOLLAND, Jr. , and J. W. 1976. Stomach contents of twenty-nine fish species from GILLIKIN. five regions in the northwest Atlantic - Data report. 1980. State of North Carolina R/ V Dan Moore - cruise Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv., Northeast Fish. Cent. Woods report no. 38. N.C. Di v. Mar. Fish., 17 p. Hole Lab., Lab. Ref. 76-10, 37 p.
A description of the distribution of summer flounder Results of food habits studies showed that Pleuro in the Atlantic Ocean between Cape Lookout, N.C., nectiformes occurred in the stomachs of a number of and Chesapeake Bay entrance is included. Mesh size fish eating species. These data do not indicate the pro regulations for the offshore trawl fishery are also portion of summer flounder among the flatfish prey, discussed. but they may be represented.
'Nacote Creek Marine Fisheries Laboratory, New Jersey Division of Fish, Game ' Rosa, H. Jr. 1965 . Preparation of synopses on the biolog) of spa:ies of li\ and Wildlife, Star Route, Absecon, NJ 08201. ing aquatic organisms. FAO Fisheries BIOlogy Synopsis o. I, Re'lsion I, 30 p. BRIGGS, P. T. 01 SlIlTllJler l10tllldcr ({'arallehthy} d(,fllalU ). I 'n5· 197 . 1962. The sport fisheries of Great South Buy and vilinlty. ali. 1;11 II h. Scrv., orlhe;t I I j~h. (Cllt Sandy N.Y. Fish Game J. 9(1):1-36. Iloo\.; I all , I alJ Kef. Sill 7')·2 .
Over a million and a half summer flounder II ne taken I ell 'Iii IrcqllCIIcIC\ of rc<.rc.1liolwlly eau ,ht ummer from June through September. Suggests reslrictlOn-. l10llllder :trc pre cnlcd III c(lrnrllrler prinlOUl f rm. on summer flounder fishing during lay ,Ind (k 10- ber. I'n'). <';C~tloll II: BRUCE, R A. I rlcu( c()fl1rT1ullll 1967. North Atlanlic trawl r1l:ts. U.·. I I Ii Wlldl '" ·7 . Inst. Serv., Leafl. 600. 23 p. <; I. ()
The two most commonly used Ir,1\\ I nl'! Ilere the I he comp III 11 nd dl tnbuuon of II h a semblag~ number 36 oller tra"l and the Ilounder Ira,,1 tlanll Ulght re dC\Cnbcd [Jar41luh III) \ (/ "Ialll} arc r 'ularl) cia I led an the same group CHANG, S., and A L. PACHECO. dunn' pnng and fall \\ 1111 l)ruJf/olll ~ carollflLl\, leno- 1976. A.n evaluation of the summl:r Iloullder populatilln 1011111\ hr} O/H, nd ( (!1I/ropn.5flS <;IT/OIO in subarea 5 and statistical area 6. Int . (l'mm. I I nil west Atl. Fish., Sel. Pap. I. p. 59-71 l>Allll K, I ( ., and R. \\ ~ IIIIf 19 9 n anah I of the ummer nounder populallon an An analysis of the summer !lounder to k III Il ' \1 the D (allure Bal rca nI\. () I., I r. lab, _6 p. Subarea 5 and Statistical Area 6 1<1 madc ullilzin catch statistics, age-lengl h and II eight-length relallon \ c and ro\\th anal ~,t d h, bit and length ~hips. The estimated fishable population ranged I rom frequenl\ dl tnbutJon re presented for umm r 36,000 to 74,000 metric tons from 1%3 to 1974 and the n under MSY (maximum sustainable Yield) of 20,{X)(} to 22,1 tons was approximatel) 6,000 ton 10ller th, n the DI L III r R, I I ., Jr. estimated 1974 har. e~t of the commerCIal and rec.rea 19 A lomparall\ e IUd) the po Ilan e of three tional fisherie . flounder (paraltdll/n \) In orth arohna. opera II)~ 112 116. CHRISTENSE ,D. J ., and \"" J CLIFFORD 1979. Composition of catches made b) angler ii Illllg for Thl paper mdude data 1\ hl'h mak Il po ible 10 summer flounder, Paralichlhys denratul. I rom 'ell dl ungul h Ihe late p tlanrtl lorm of Par41lt IIth.1S Jersery party boats in 1978. lar. hsh. ReI 41 (12): ti malu , P. 1('("0 II 11141, and P. albll!Ullu. 28-30. Dl· BI.LR. [ 1-., Jr., and \\ . - !AHI . Anglers were interviewed I~hile fishmg lor ~ummer I ~ \ re\ cr l'd ambl lorate ummer !lounder. Pura- flounder along the Nell Jersey coast from part) boat . IichlhJ tI ilia/II C orcia 11)5 :5 -. Mean seasonal catch rates for full-da) and half-da) anglers were 3.15 and 1.86 summer Ilounder per man An abcrr,lnt, fcmale ~ummer Ilounda ~65 mm in tan per trip, respectively. A total of 828 summer !lounder dard length i de cnbed. Thl i onl) the ec nd record were measured and ages were determined for 427 of re\ er al and ambl('oloration In the me indl\1dual specimens.
CHRISTENSEN. D. J .• W. 1. CLIFFORD. and DE BLE:R. l:.. l:.., Jr. CLIFFORD, W. J., and D. J. CHRISTENSEN. An e timate of the recreational catch of ummer 1979. "Length frequency of party and charter boat catch flounder is included in both references. 2 DuPAUL, W., and S. BAKER. fishery on summer flounder in Great Bay, N.J., from 1979. The economic impact and status of the offshore 1967 to 1976. The dependence of the fishery on the fis hing industry in Virginia. Va. Inst. Mar. ' Sci., 2-year old class is documented. Spec. Rep. Appl. Mar. Sci. Ocean Eng. 67, 51 p. 1979b. Analyses of fish forage base of the Little Egg Summarizes the offshore fishing industry in Virginia Harbor estuary. N.J. Div . Fish, Game Shellfish., in terms of its employment, income generated, and Tech. Rep. 24M, 341 p. overall economic impact. Summer flounder constitute a high percentage of this fishery. Fish remains comprised 32.6% of the diet volume of 6-24 cm summer flounder and 74.30/0 of the volume of ELDRIDGE, P . J. summer flounder from 25 to 65 cm. Prey are identified 1962. Observations on the winter trawl fishery for by species. summer flounder, Paralichthys dentatus. M.S. Thesis, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, 58 p. FIGLEY, W. 1977 . Sex ratios within length groups of commercially Data on the size composition of the marketable sum caught summer flounder in New Jersey, 1962-1964. mer flounder landed at Hampton Roads, Va., were N.J. Div. Fish, Game Shellfish ., Tech . Rep. 20M, 16 p. compiled in order to establish a base line to detect changes in the size composition of the summer Males comprised the majority of summer flounder in flounder stocks. Information is also presented on the centimeter groups below 46 cm, while females were spawning, length-weight relationships, and age and predominant in larger length groups. The largest male growth. sampled was 617 mm and the largest female was 730 mm. FESTA, P. J. 1974a. Analyses of market size composition data for the FREEMAN, B. L., and S. C. TURNER. New Jersey summer flounder commercial fishery - 1977. The effects of anoxic water on the summer 1967 through 1972. N.J. Div. Fish, Game Shellfish., flounder (Paralichthys dentatus), a bottom-dwelling fish. - Misc. Rep. 12M, 24 p. In Oxygen depletion and associated environmental dis turbances in the Middle Atlantic Bight in 1976. Natl. A backlog of commercial dock receipts were analyzed Mar. Fish. Serv., Northeast Fish. Cent. Sandy Hook to obtain size composition data for landings of sum Lab., Tech. Ser. Rep. 3, p. 451-462. mer flounder. Results did not support use of percent weight composition in monitoring stock recruitment The occurrence and distribution of summer flounder rates. A review of summer flounder landings in New during the anoxic water condition is discussed. Jersey is also presented. Distribution and catches of summer flounder were termed as very unusual. 1974b. A study of the distribution of young and larval summer flounder in New Jersey estuarine waters. N.J. FREEMAN, B. L., and L. A. WALFORD. Div. Fish, Game Shellfish., Misc. Rep. 11M, 30 p. 1974a. Anglers' guide to the United States Atlantic coast. Section II, Nantucket Shoals to Long Island Larvae and young were collected from a number of Sound. U.S. Dep. Commer., Natl. Mar. Fish. estuaries, demonstrating that New Jersey waters do act Serv., 16 p. as nursery areas for summer flounder. 1974b. Anglers' guide to the United States Atlantic 1977. Observations on the summer flounder (Paralich coast. Section III, Block Island to Cape May, New thys dentatus) sport fishery in Great Bay, N.J. during Jersey. U.S. Dep. Commer., Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv., the summer of 1976 in reference to anoxic water con 21 p. ditions. In Oxygen depletion and associated environ mental disturbances in the Middle Atlantic Bight in 1974c. Anglers' guide to the United States Atlantic 1976 . Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv., Northeast Fish. Cent. coast. Section IV, Delaware Bay to False Cape, Vir Sandy Hook Lab., Tech. Ser. Rep. 3, p. 463-470. ginia. U.S. Dep. Commer., Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv., 17 p. High variability in catch rates during July appeared to be directly related to movement of the anoxic water 1976a. Anglers' guide to the United States Atlantic mass. Large numbers of summer flounder were forced coast. Section V, Chesapeake Bay. U.S. Dep. Com into inlets and bays where they were more concen mer., Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv., 17 p. trated and ~ulnerable to the sport fishery. 1976b. Anglers' guide to the United States Atlantic 1979a. Creel census of the summer flounder, Paralich coast. Section VI, False Cape, Virginia to Altamaha thys dentatus, sportfishery in Great Bay, New Jersey. Sound, Georgia. U.S. Dep. Commer., atl. ~1ar. N.J. Div. Fish, Game Shellfish., Tech . Rep . 19M, 62 p. Fish. Serv., 21 p. Catch per effort statistics are provided for the sport 1976c. Anglers' guide to the United States Atlantic 3 coast. Section VII, Altamaha Sound, Georgia to Fort Northwest Atlantic. Natl. Mar. Fish Serv., Northeast . Pierce. Inlet, Florida. U.S. Dep. Commer., Natl. Mar. Fish. Cent. Woods Hole Lab., Lab. Ref. 79-31, 13 Fish. Serv., 21 p. p. This series describes the recreational fishery including The paper reviews and summarizes data, analyses, and seasonality, fishing methods, baits, and a description literature on summer flounder. Information presented of each species. Summer flounder are included. includes results of aging studies, analyses of bottom trawl survey data, a fecundity study, a unit stock GINSBURG, I. analysis, a von Bertalanffy growth curve, and weight 1952. Flounders of the genus Paralichthys and related length curves. genera in American waters. U.S. Fish Wild\. Serv., Fish. Bull. 52:267 -351. HILDEBRAND, S. F., and L. E. CABLE. 1930. Development and life history of fourteen teleas The summer flounder is described including its distri tean fishes at Beaufort, N.C. Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish. bution, habitat, size, and bionomics. 46:383-488. GROSSLEIN, M . D., E. G. HEYERDAHL, and H. STERN, Estimated the minimum size at maturity for summer Jr. flounder to be 16.5" (42 cm). Reported that small 1973 . Status of the international fisheries off the Middle postlarval summer flounder are found at sea and in Atlantic coast. Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv., Northeast Fish. estuaries, larger postlarvae mainly in estuaries and Cent. Woods Hole Lab., Lab. Ref. 73·4, p. 88 . juveniles in brackish water parts of estuaries. Includes a brief description of the commercial and re HILDEBRAND, S. F., and W . C. SCHROEDER. creational summer flounder fi sheries. 1928. Fishes of Chesapeake Bay. U .S. Bur. Fish. Bun. 43(1), 366 p. GUDGER, E. W. 1935. Two partially ambicolorate flat fishes (Hetero Includes a description, food habits, seasonal somata). Am. Mus. Novit. 1935 (768), 8 p. movements and description of the commercial fishery for summer flounder. A partially ambicolorate summer flounder is describ ed. HIMCHAK, P. J. 1979. Creel census of the summer flounder, Paralichthys 1936. A reversed almost wholly ambicolorate summer dentatus, sportfishery in Great Bay, New Jersey. N.J. !lounder, Paralichthys dentatus. Am. Mus. Novit. Div. Fish, Game Shellfish., Dingell-Johnson Rep. Proj. 1936 (896), 5 p. F-15-R, 22 p. A reversed, almost amt icolorate summer flounder is Catch rates, length-frequency distributions, total desc ribed . harvest, and instantaneous loss rates are provided for the summer flounder fishery . GUTHERZ, E. J. 1967. Field guide to the flatfishes of the family Bothidae HOSS, D. E. in the western North Atlantic. U.S. Fish Wildl. 1964. Accumulation of zinc-65 by flounder of the genus Serv ., Circ. 263, 47 p. Paralichthys. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 93:364-368. Includes a description of summer flounder and iden When concentration factors were calculated, it was tifies its range. found summer flounder concentrated zinc-65 to higher levels from food than from water. HAMER, P. E., and F. E. LUX. 1962. Marking experiments on fluke (Paralichthys den 1967. Marking post -larval paralichthid flounders with tatus) in 1961. Minutes 21st Annu. Meet., Append. radioactive elements. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 96: 151- MA6, Atl. States Mar. Fish. Comm., 6 p. 156. Presents preliminary results of a joint summer Both cerium 144 and cobalt 60, introduced into the !lounder tagging program in the Middle Atlantic food or water, were used satisfactorily as marks for Bight. Summer flounder were found to be distributed postlarval summer flounder. in shallow coastal waters and bays during summer months. In winter and early spring the species was HUSSAKOF, L. found on offshore grounds from Veatch Canyon, 1914. On two ambicolorate specimens of the summer south to at least off the Virginia coast in 40-85 flounder, (Paralichthys dentatus), with an explanation fathoms of water. of ambicoloration. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 33:95-100. HENDERSON, E. M. 1979. Summer Flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) in the Two ambicolorate summer flounder are described. 4 JENSEN, A. C. LUX, F. E., J. C. POOLE, and P. E. HAMER. 1967. A brief history of the New England offshore 1962. A status report on the fluke or summer flounder fisheries. U.S. Fish Wild!. Serv., Fish. Leafl. 594, (Paralichthys dentatus). Minutes 21st Annu. Meet., 14 p. Append. MA-3, Atl. States Mar. Fish. Comm., 4 p. Describes the origin and subsequent development of Reviews the general biology, nature and status of the several of the offshore fisheries, including summer fisheries, and recent research for summer flounder. flounder, of New England. LUX, F. E., and L. R. PORTER, Jr. 1974. New York's fisheries for scup, summer flounder, 1966. Length-weight relation of the summer flounder and black sea bass. N.Y. Fish Game J. 21:126-134. Paralichthys dentatus (Linnaeus). U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep. Fish. 531, 5 p. Reviews the commercial summer flounder fishery engaged in by New York State fishermen in the Middle Length-weight equations of the form W = cL b in Atlantic Bight. Reports on a decline in abundance bas which W is weight, L is length, and c and b are con ed on a decline in commercial landings. stants, are given for summer flounder for each calen dar quarter. Weight for a given length varied seasonal JOHNSON, K. L. Iy. Males were slightly heavier than females of the 1979. Yield per recruit analysis for summer flounder same length. (Paralichthys dentatus). Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv., North east Fish. Cent. Woods Hole Lab., Lab. Ref. 79-34, MAHONEY, J. B., F. H. MIDLEDGE, and D. G. DEUEL. 2 p. 1973. A fin rot disease of marine and euryhaline fishes in the New York Bight. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 102: The Beverton and Holt yield per recruit model was 596-605. applied to summer flounder. Summer flounder were affected. External signs of the LANGTON, R. W. disease were fin necrosis, skin hemorrhages, skin 1979. Food of nine northwest Atlantic Pleuronectiform ulcers, and occasional blindness. fishes. Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv., Northeast Fish. Cent. Woods Hole Lab., Lab. Ref. 79-17, 83 p. MARSHALL, A. 1980. Data on the commercial sport fishery for summer Summarizes data on the food of summer flounder col flounder, Paralichthys dentatus, in Virginia. Va. Mar. lected during Northeast Fisheries Center bottom trawl Resour. Rep. 80-5, 5 p. surveys. Prey species included squid, scup, and silver hake. Describes the temporal and spacial setting, trends in the recreational catch, demography of the par LElM, A. H., and W. B. SCOTT. ticipants, modes of fishing, disposition of catch and 1966. Fishes of the Atlantic coast of Canada. Fish. economic impact of the summer flounder charter and Res. Board Can. Bull. 155, 485 p. party boat fishery. Sets the northern limit of the summer flounder range MAST, S. O. as LaHave Bank, Nova Scotia. 1916. Changes in shade, color and pattern in fishes. and their bearing on the problems of adaption and behavior. LUX, F. E., P. E. HAMER, and J. C. POOLE. with especial reference to the flounders Paralichthys 1966. Summer flounder. .. the Middle Atlantic flatfish. and Ancylopsetta. Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish. 34:173-238. Atl. States Mar. Fish. Comm., Leafl. 6, 4 p. Summer flounder simulate rather than reproduce the Provides a general overview of summer flounder in background and respond more rapidly to yellows and cluding a description of the commercial and recrea browns than to reds. greens. and blues. tional fisheries, distribution, and seasonal move ments. MAYO, R. K. 1975. Length frequencies of flounders other than yellow LUX, F. E., and F. E. NlCHY. tail. lnt. Comm. Northwest Atl. Fish. Work. Pap. 1980. Movements of tagged summer flounder, Paralich 64,9 p. thys dentatus, off southern New England. Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv., Northeast Fish. Cent. Woods Hole Lab., Computer plotted length frequencies of summer Lab. Ref. Doc. 80-34, 36 p. flounder from fall cruises of Albatross IV in 1963. 1969, 1972. and 1973 are presented. A description of the seasonal and long-term movements of summer flounder off southern New 1976. Assessment data for flounders other than yellow England is included. Over 2,800 summer flounder tail in ICNAF subarea 5 and statistical area 6. Inl. were tagged on both coastal and offshore grounds in Comm. Northwest Atl. Fish. Work. Pap. 761V47. 1961-62. 7 p. 5 Stratified mean catch per tow in numbers and pounds Correlation of owry condition with date of capt~reill~ and length frequencies from autumn U.S. research dicated peak spawning activity occurred duri1l8 Oc cruises from 1963 to 1975 are given for summer tober and November. flounder. MURAWSKI, W. S., and R. L. WHITE. \.1ELDRIM, J. W. 1964. Studies of the reproduction of the summer floun 1976. Affinities and diversity of fishes of the Delaware der, Paralichlhys dentalus. N.J. Div. Fish, Game River estuary in the vicinity of the Salem nuclear gen Shellfish., Dingell-Johnson Rep. Proj. F-15-R, 1 p. erating station. In An ecological study of the Delaware River in the vicinity of Artificial Island, p. 146-155. Ovaries of commercially caught summer flounder Ichthyological Associates, Inc., Ithaca, N.Y. landed in New Jersey were examined. The data in dicated that spawning commenced during the last half Summer flounder were found to have a positive affini of September, continued during October, reached its ty with bay anchovy, weakfish, spot, and hogchocker. peak during the first half of November, and ended in the latter half of December. \.1()RSE, W. W. 1978. Preliminary fecundity estimates of summer MUSICK, J. A. flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) occurring in Middle 1979. Section III: A summary of the distribution, abun Atlantic waters. Nat!. Mar. Fish. Serv., Northeast dance, and food habits of demersal fishes of the Mid Fish. Cent. Sandy Hook Lab., Lab. Ref. 78-39, 5 p. Atlantic outer continental shelf-a concise source docu ment for resource managers and users. In Historical Fecundity estimates ranged from 414,000 to 4,188,000 community structure analysis of finfishes, p. 79-88. Va. eggs for summer flounder between 366 and 680 mm Inst. Mar. Sci., Spec. Rep. App!. Mar. Sci. Ocean Eng. TL. Preliminary observations indicated a curvilinear 198. relationship between fecundity and length. Paralichthys dentatus is included in the summary. 1979. An analysis of maturity observations of 12 gound fish species collected from Cape Hatteras, North Caro MUSICK, J. A., and J. D. McEACHRAN. lina to Nova Scotia in 1977. Nat!. Mar. Fish. Serv., 1968. Seasonal distribution of major species of demersal Northeast Fish. Cent. Sandy Hook Lab., Rep. SHL fishes in Chesapeake Bight. Va. Inst. Mar. Sci., 13 79-32,20 p. p. Summer flounder is included in the analysis. The L,o Species were divided into two groups. One group (length at which 50070 of the fish are mature) was 24.6 (warm-temperate), having southern affinities and in cm TL for males and 28.4 cm TL for females. cluding summer flounder, is found inshore during the summer and migrates offshore or to the south or both In press. Reproduction of the summer flounder, Para during the winter. lichthys dentarus (L). 1. Fish BioI., Vol. 19. NESBIT, R. A., and W. C. NEVILLE. Length at maturity for summer flounder ranged from 1935. Conditions affecting the southern winter trawl 23.7 to 27.3 cm TL for males and from 30.2 to 33.3 cm fishery. [U.S.] Bur. Fish., Fish. Circ. 18, 12 p. TL for females which coincided with length at age 2. Fecundity was related to length, weight, and ovary An early description of the fishery is presented. Sum weight. mer flounder is identified as one of the three most im portant species in the fishery. MURAWSKI, W. S. 1970. Results of tagging experiments of summer flounder, OLLA, B. L., C. E. SAMET, and A. L. STUDHOLME. Paralichthys dentatus, conducted in New Jersey waters 1972. Activity and feeding behavior of the summer floun from 1960-1967. N.J. Div. Fish., Game Shellfish., Misc. der (Paralichthys denlalus) under controlled laboratory Rep. 5M, 72 p. conditions. Fish. Bul!., U.S. 70: 1127 -1136. Reports on six tagging experiments of summer Three general behavior patterns were exhibited: flounder. Monthly movements, estimates of harvest resting, swimming, and feeding. Prey was captured rates and survival rates are presented for each of the equally well on the bottom or in the water column. six groups. The significance of behavior patterns and their rela tion to those of other flatfishes is discussed. MURAWSKI, W. S., and P. FESTA. 1976. Ovary maturation in the summer flounder, Para OSBORN, C. M. lichthys dentatus. N.J. Div. Fish, Game Shellfish., 1939. The physiology of color change in flatfishes. J. Misc. Rep. 16M, 16 p. Exp. Zoo!. 81:479-515. Four distinct summer flounder egg types were When undisturbed, summer flounder become very characterized as to diameter and yolk development. homogeneous in shade. They become well adjusted to 6 · a white background in 2-4 days and a black At warm temperatures, summer flounder grew faster background in I c3 days. at intermediate to high salinities. 1941. Studies on the growth of integumentary pigment in POOLE, J. C. the lower vertebrates. I. The origin of artificially de 1961. Age and growth ofthe fluke in Great South Bay veloped melanophores on the normally unpigmented and their significance to the sport fishery. N. Y. Fish ventral surface of the summer flounder (Paralichthys Game J. 8:1-18. deritatusl. BioI. Bull., Woods Hole 81:341-351. The age of summer flounder was determined from an Melanophores differentiate on the normally un nular markings on the otolith . Growth was back pigmented ventral surface of summer flounder when calculated according to the annuli for 357 fish. that surface is exposed to a light source and the animal Females grew significantly faster than males. The is in a physiological condition favoring darkening. The sport fishery landed primarily 1- and 2-yr-old summer melanophores develop in situ from melanoblasts. flounder. PEARCY, W. G., and S. W. RICHARDS. 1962. The fluke population of Great South Bay in 1962. Distribution and ecology of fishes of the Mystic relation to the sport fishery. N.Y. Fish Game J. 9: River estuary, Connecticut. Ecology 43:248-259. 93-117. Includes length frequencies of summer flounder. From 1956 to 1959,5,845 summer flounder were tag Juveniles were captured, suggesting the area is used as ged. Returns showed little movement of summer a nursery area. flounder out of the bay during summer, but they in dicated heavy early season fishing to be an important PEARSON, J. C. factor in the decline in late season fishing success. 1932. Winter trawl fishery off the Virginia and North Carolina coasts. [U .S.] Bur. Fish., Invest. Rep. 10, 1964. Feeding habits of the summer flounder in Great 31 p. South Bay. N.Y. Fish Game J. 11:28-34. A description of the fishery is presented, including Stomachs from 1,210 summer flounder collected in location, methods, and composition of the catch. 1958 and 1959 were examined. The fish had fed on a Summer flounder is identified as one of the principal wide variety of organisms, but mainly upon sand species in the fishery. shrimp and winter flounder. Feeding activity remained constant throughout the summer. PERLMUTTER, A. 1959. Changes in the populations of "ishes and in their 1966. A review of research concerning summer flounder fisheries in the Middle Atlantic and Chesapeake regions, and needs for further study. N. Y. Fish Game J. 13: 1930 to 1955. Trans. N.Y. Acad. Sci ., Ser. 11 , 21 :484- 226-231. 496. This paper recommends that future research on sum Reports on an increase of summer flounder landings mer flounder should include racial studies, studies on due to an increase in fishing activity. Provides a histori larvae and postlarvae to delineate the early nursery cal review of the fishery . grounds, and a cooperative study of the migratory pat terns of immature fish. PETERS, D. S., and J. W. ANGELOVIC. 1971. Effect of temperature, salinity, and food availablity POWELL, A. B. on growth and energy utilization of juvenile summer 1974. Biology of the summer flounder, Paralichthys flounder, Paralichthys dentatus. In D. J. Nelson dentatus, in Pamlico Sound and adjacent waters, with (editor), Proc. 3d Natl. Symp. Radioecology USAEC comments on P. lethostigma, and P. albigutta. M.S. Conf., -710501-PI, p. 545-554. NTIS (Natl. Tech. Inf. Thesis, Univ. North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 145 p. Serv.), Springfield, Va. Includes sections on the age and growth, food habits, Growth rates were faster at high temperatures and nursery areas, and spawning of summer flounder. rapid feeding rates even though the greatest efficiency was near two-thirds ad libitum feeding and from 20 ° POWELL, A. B., B. F. HOLLAND, and J. GILLIKIN. to 25 0c. Growth rates predicted from assimilation and 1975a. State of North Carolina R/V Dan Moore respiration rates did not correspond with measured cruise report no. 2, Currituck Beach to Cape Lookout growth. Bight. N.C. Div . Mar. Fish., 29 p. PETERS, D. S., and M. A. KJELSON. Includes a discussion on a summer flounder tagging 1975 . Consumption and utilization of food by various program and describes general migration trends of postlarval and juvenile fishes of North Carolina summer flounder tagged off North Carolina. estuaries. In L. E. Cronin (editor), Estuarine research, Vol. I, p. 448-472. Academic Press, New York. 1975b. State of North Carolina R/ V Dan Moore 7 cruise report no. 3, Currituck Beach to Bogue Inlet. summer nounder are prCICIII in the 1'01'.... "011 .... N.C. Div. Mar. Fish., 30 p. beginnin. of a fish in, pcrlod, lhe c:a&c:h rate c:a be ,tabililed throuahout the enlire rashina period via .. A dcscription of the distrihution and catdl per unit 01 rcaulatiom effort of summcr Iloundcr hetwecn Curritud Beach and Boguc Inlet are included. SIU:PHl::tU), G. 11180. A comparativc 'ludy of qin, methods for ...... POWELL, A. B., and F. J. SCHWARTZ. floundcr (Puru/I(-hlhyJ dt'nlllllU). Nail. Mar. FilII. 1972. Anomalics of thc gcnu, Parahcl/lhn (PI'Cl..... Sen. NortllCa\t f-l'Ih. ('ent. W()(Xb Hole lab.• LIb. Bothidacl. induding an unusual double-tailcd ,outhl'rn Rd. so·n, 26 p. tloundcr. P 8 flounder, Paralichthys dentatus. U.S. Fish Wildl. WHITE, J. c., Jr., and D. E. HOSS. Serv., Res. Rep. 75, 21 p. 1964. Another record of incomplete ambicoloration in the summer flounder, Paralichthys denlalus. Chesa Described artificially fertilized summer flounder eggs peake Sci. 5:151-152. and larvae hatched in the laboratory or captured at sea. A description of a summer flounder with incomplete ambicoloration is provided. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE. 1977. Foreign trawl fisheries of Northwestern Atlantic, WIDERSTROM, F. L., Jr. incidental catching of finfish. Federal Register 42: 1959. An economic and financial study of the fluke 9950-9986. otter-trawl fishery of New Jersey. Comm. Fish. Rev. 1978. Foreign fishing regulations, activities within the 21(12):7-26. United States Fishery Conservation Zone. Federal Register 43:59292-59325. Describes the fishing gear used by New Jersey trawlers for both the inshore and offshore summer flounder Summer flounder are included and regulated by law fisheries. Includes an economic evaluation of the under the above two references by a heading of "other fishery. finfish." All species under this heading must be caught only as an incidental catch by foreign vessels. WILK, S. J., and W. W. MORSE. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, 1979. Annual cycle of gonad-somatic indices as indicators BUREAU OF FISHERIES. of spawning times for 15 species of fish collected 1930-1940. Fishery industries of the United States, 1929 from the New York Bight. Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv., to 1938. Appendices to Reports of the United States Northeast Fish. Cent. Sandy Hook Lab., Lab. Ref. Commissioner of Fisheries for the fiscal years 1930-39, SHL 79-11, 54 p. II vols. Summer flounder are included. The study indicated UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, that spawning occurs from October through February. NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE. 1971-1978. Fishery statistics of the United States, WILK, S. J., W. W. MORSE, and D. E. RALPH. 1968 to 1975. U.S. Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv., Stat. 1978. Length-weight relationships of fishes collected in Dig. 62-69. the New York Bight. Bull . N.J. Acad. Sci . 23(2): 58-64. The above two references list commercial landings and value of the catch of summer flounder. Average length-weight relationships are presented for 78 species of fishes, including summer flounder, col 1980. Marine recreational fishery statistics survey, Atlan lected during a trawl survey. A significant difference in tic and Gulf Coasts. Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv., Curr. the length-weight relationships was found between Fish. Stat. 8063, 139 p. summer flounder males and females . The recreational catch of summer flounder from November 1978 to October 1979 by region. state, mode WILK, S. J., W. W. MORSE, D. E. RALPH, and E. J. and distance from shore is provided. STEADY. 1975. Life history aspects of New York Bight finfishes. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR, FISH Natl. Mar. Fish . Serv., Northeast Fish. Cent. Sandy AND WILDLIFE SERVICE. Hook Lab., Lab. Ref. SHL 75-1, 265 p. 1942-1969. Fishery statistics of the United States, 1939 to 1967. U.S. Fish Wild I. Serv., Bur. Commer. Fish., Includes monthly length frequencies, weight-length Stat. Dig. 1,4,7, 11, 14, 16, 18, 19,21,22,25,27,30, relationships, sex ratios, monthly gonad somatic in 34,36,39,41,43,44,49,51,53,54,56-61. dices, and distribution of summer flounder. Lists the commercial landings and value of the catch of 1976. Life history aspects of Middle Atlantic Bight fin summer flounder. fishes. Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv., Northeast Fish. Cent. Sandy Hook Lab., Lab. Ref. 76-3, 149 p. WESTMAN, J. R., and W. C. NEVILLE. 1946. Some studies on the life history and economics Includes sex ratios and size ranges of summer flounder of the fluke (Paralichthys dentatus) of Long Island collected in the Middle Atlantic Bight. waters. An investigation sponsored jointly by State of New York Conservation Department, U.S. Department WILK, S. J., W. G. SMITH, D. E. RALPH, and J. of the Interior, and Town of Islip, N.Y., 15 p. SIBUNKA. 1980. Population structure of summer flounder between Describes seasonal migrations and local movements of New York and Florida based on linear discriminant summer flounder. analysis. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 109:265-271. 9 A stepwise linear discriminant analysis was used to in Metamorphosing young of summer flounder were c0l vestigate the population structure of summer Oounder lected from surface waters at aU IWions witlUn the based on 18 morphometric and meristic variables. Two Neuse River complex. Recruitment into the riva populations were identified: one in the Middle Atlan system occurred from January to April. Monthly tic Bight, or between New York and Cape Hatteras, length distribution'i of larvae and YOU", are pr0- N.C.; the other in the South Atlantic Bight. or be· vided. tween Cape Hatteras and Florida. WILLIAMS, A. 8., and E. E. DEUBLER. WOOLCOTT, W. S., C. BEIRNE. and W. H. HALL. Jr. 1968a. A ten-year study of meroplankton in North 1968. Descriptive and comparative ostcology of the Carolina estuaries: assessment of environmental fal:tors young of three ~pecics of Oounders. genus Parolichlhys. and sampling success among Bothid tlounders and Chesapeake Sci. 9: 109-120. Penaeid shrimps. Chesapeake Sci. 9:27 -41. A wmparative skeletal study was made of the youna The effects of salinity, temperature, current velocity, (10-130 mm) of three closely related species of wind direction, mechanical clogging of net\, and lunar tlounders-Paralichlhys denlalus, Paralichlhys phase on sampling of post larval tlounders, including lelhosliRma. and Paralichlhys albigulla. Ostcological summer tlounder, are discussed. Iy, vertebral and pterygiophore numbers produced the best separation with P. denialUS having the highest 1968b. Studies on macroplanktonil: 1:f1lstaceal1\ amI idl I:ount~. Total gill rakers on the first gill arch and lateral thyoplankton of the Pamlico Sound comph:x. N.C. line ~al~ were useful characters with the highest Oep. Conserv. Dev., Spel:. Sci. Rep. 13,91 p. numbers again appearing in P. dentatus_ 10 SUBJECT INDEX dentity Murawski and Festa 1976 Poole 1962, 1966 Specific Murawski and White 1964 Powell et al. 1975a Bigelow and Schroeder 1953 Smith 1973 Westman and Neville 1946 Deubler 1958 Smith and Fahay 1970 Responses to stimuli Ginsburg 1952 Williams and Deubler 1968a, b Festa 1977 Gutherz 1967 Adult phase Freeman and Turner 1977 Hildebrand and Schroeder 1928 Anderson 1978 Mast 1916 Smith 1969 Bowman et al. 1976 Osborn 1939, 1941 Smith and Daiber 1977 Deubler and Fahay 1958 Olla et al. 1972 WooIcott et aI. 1968 Ginsburg 1952 Peters and Angelovic 1971 Morphology Gudger 1935, 1936 Population Anderson 1978 Hoss 1964 Sex ratio Ginsburg 1952 Hussakof 1914 Eldridge 1962 Smith 1969 Mahoney et al. 1973 Figley 1977 Smith and Daiber 1977 Powell and Schwartz 1972 Morse In press Wilk et aI. 1980 Smith 1973 Murawski 1970 Distribution White and Hoss 1964 Murawski and White 1964 Bedsole et aI. 1980 Nutrition and growth Smith 1969 Bigelow and Schroeder 1953 Feeding Smith and Daiber 1977 Colvocoresses and Musick 1979 Ginsburg 1952 Wilk et al. 1975, 1976 Festa 1974b Olla et al. 1972 Age composition Ginsburg 1952 Peters and Angelovic 1971 Chang and Pacheco 1976 Gutherz 1967 Poole 1964 Christenson and Clifford 1979 Hamer and Lux 1962 Food Christensen et al. 1978 Henderson 1979 Bigelow and Schroeder 1953 Diaber and Smith 1969 Hildebrand and Cable 1930 Diaber and Smith 1969 Eldridge 1962 Hildebrand and Schroeder 1928 Festa 1979b Henderson 1979 Leim and Scott 1966 Ginsburg 1952 Poole 1961 Lux et aI. 1966 Hildebrand and Schroeder 1928 Powell 1974 Murawski 1970 Langton 1979 Shepherd 1980 Musick 1979 Poole 1964 Smith 1969 Musick and McEachran 1968 Powell 1974 Smith and Daiber 1977 Pearcy and Richards 1962 Powell and Schwartz 1979 Size composition Poole 1962, 1966 Smith 1969 Chang and Pacheco 1976 Powell et al. 1975b Smith and Daiber 1977 Christensen and Clifford 1979 Powell and Schwartz 1977 Growth rate Christensen et aI . 1978 Purvis 1976 Chang and Pacheco 1976 Clifford and Christensen 1979 Sissenwine et al. 1979 Diaber and Smith 1969 Eldridge 1962 Wilk et aI. 1975 Deubler and White 1962 Festa 1974a, 1979a Bionomics and life history Eldridge 1962 Figley 1977 Reproduction Henderson 1979 Himchak 1979 Eldridge 1962 Peters and Angelovic 1971 Lux and Porter 1966 Ginsburg 1952 Peters and Kjelson 1975 Mayo 1975, 1976 Henderson 1979 Poole 1961 Murawski 1970 Hildebrand and Cable 1930 Powell 1974 Pearcy and Richards 1962 Morse 1978, 1979, In press Shepherd 1980 Poole 1961, 1962 Murawski and Festa 1976 Smith 1969 Sis sen wine et al. 1979 Murawski and White 1964 Smith and Diaber 1977 Smith 1969 Powell 1974 Metabolism Smith and Daiber 1977 Smith, R. W. 1969 Peters and Angelovic 1971 Wilk, Morse, Ralph, Smith and Daiber 1977 Peters and Kjelson 1975 and Steady 1975, 1976 Smith, W. G. 1973 Behavior Wilk, Smith, Ralph, Smith and Fahay 1970 Migrations and local movements and Sibunka 1978 Wilk and Morse 1979 Bigelow and Schroeder 1953 Williams and Deubler 1968b Wilk et al. 1975 Ginsburg 1952 Abundance and density Preadult phase Hamer and Lux 1962 Henderson 1979 Deubler 1958 Hildebrand and Schroeder 1928 Jensen 1974 Deubler and White 1962 Lux et al. 1966 Mayo 1976 Festa 1974b Lux and Nichy 1980 Perlmutter 1959 Ginsburg 1952 Murawski 1970 Poole 1962 Hoss 1967 Musick and McEachran 1968 Powell 1974 11 Natality and recruitment Marshall 1980 Chang and Pacheco 1976 Nesbit and Neville 1935 Henderson 1979 Pearson 1932 Johnson 1979 Perlmutter 1959 Morse 1978, In press Reintjes and Roithmayr 1960 Mortality and morbidity Fishing operations and results Chang and Pacheco 1976 Briggs 1962 Festa 1977, 1979a Christensen and Clifford 1979 Henderson 1979 Christensen et al. 1978 Murawski 1970 Clark 1962 Dynamics Deuel 1973 Chang and Pacheco 1976 Deuel and Clark 1968 Henderson 1979 DuPaul and Baker 1979 Johnson 1979 Eldridge 1962 Population in community and ecosystem Freeman and Walford 1974a, b, c, 1976a, b, c Colvocoresses and Musick 1979 Festa 1974a, 1977, 1979a Mc:ldrim 1976 Grosslein et al. 1973 Mwick 1979 Himchak 1979 l'vtusick and McEachran 1968 Lux et al. 1962, 1966 Exploitation (commercial and recreational) Mayo 1976 Fishing equipment Marshall 1980 Bedsole et al. 1980 N~bit and Neville 1935 Bruce 1976 Pearson 1932 DuPaul and Baker 1979 Perlmutter 1959 Eldridge 1962 Poole 1962 J p l1sen 1967 Reintjes and Roithmayr 1960 Pearson 1932 United Stat~ Department of Commerce, Bureau of Fish Perlmutter 1959 eri~ 1930 1940 Reintjes and Roithmayr 1960 Widerstrom 1959 United Stat~ Department of Commerce, National Marine Fishing areas and seasons Fisheries Service 1971· 1978. 1980 Brigg' 1962 United Stat~ Department of Interior. Fish and Wildlife DuPaul and Baker 1979 Service 19421969 Eldridge 1962 Widerstrom 1959 Festa 1979a Protection and Management Freeman and Walford 1974a, b, c, 1976 a, b, c Bedsole et al. 1980 Grosslein et al. 1973 Schaefer 1966 Jensen 1967 United States Department of Commerce 1977. 1978 . U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1982-594-279/59 12