Chapter 3 Japan’s Foreign Policy to Promote National and Worldwide Interests Section 1 Efforts for Peace and Stability of Japan and the International Community ………………………………………………………………… 174 Section 2 Japan’s International Cooperation - ODA and Response to Global Issues ………………………………………………………………… 244 Section 3 Economic Diplomacy ……………………………………………………… 269 Section 4 Efforts to Promote Understanding of and Trust in Japan ……………… 301 Chapter 3 Japan’s Foreign Policy to Promote National and Worldwide Interests Section 1 Efforts for Peace and Stability of Japan and the International Community Overview Security it has therewith commenced the tasks of The security environment surrounding drafting legislation that enables seamless Japan is becoming increasingly severe. In responses to any situation. In addition, Japan addition to the threats posed by weapons of will develop a highly effective and joint mass destruction and ballistic missiles, new defense force, and will take steps to defend its threats such as cyber attacks are emerging. territorial integrity. While the change in the global power balance Second, ensuring the forward deployment of provides opportunities for security cooperation U.S. Forces under the Japan-U.S. Security in the Asia-Pacific region, it has also given rise Arrangements, and thereby strengthening to many regional issues and tensions. their deterrence are essential not only for the In order to respond to such security issues, security of Japan but also for peace and defend its territorial integrity, protect the lives stability in the Asia-Pacific region. The and property of Japanese people, as well as to Governments of Japan and the United States ensure peace, stability, and prosperity of the will promote bilateral security and defense international community, Japan will contribute cooperation in a wide-range of areas such as even more proactively to peace and stability of maritime security, ballistic missile defense the region and international community from (BMD), cyberspace, outer space and extended the policy of “Proactive Contribution to Peace” deterrence as well as the revision of the based on the principle of international Guidelines for Japan-U.S. Defense Cooperation. cooperation. With regard to the realignment of U.S. Forces To ensure Japan’s peace and stability, first it in Japan, both governments are determined to is necessary to strengthen and expand Japan’s reduce the impact on local communities capabilities and roles, and to this end, to including Okinawa, while maintaining the develop arrangements for responding to deterrence, by steadily implementing the security issues. The Government of Japan existing agreements between the two made the Cabinet Decision on Development of governments. Seamless Security Legislation in July 2014, and Third, it is necessary for Japan to build trust 174 Efforts for Peace and Stability of Japan and the International Community Section 1 and cooperative relations with its partners development. Japan engages in peacebuilding both within and outside the Asia-Pacific activities as one of its key diplomatic agenda. region, and to create multilayered relations for For instance, Japan proactively cooperates security cooperation. It is crucial that Japan with United Nations (UN) peacekeeping promotes bilateral cooperation with both the operations (PKOs) and the UN Peacebuilding Republic of Korea (ROK) and Australia which, Commission, and engaged in activities on the like Japan, are U.S. allies, as well as with ground with Official Development Assistance European countries, Association of Southeast (ODA), as well as human resource development. Asian Nations (ASEAN) member states, and Threats to Security India. It is also important that Japan advances Acts of terrorism continue to pose a great Chapter 3 trilateral cooperation under the Japan-U.S.-ROK, threat to the international community. In 2014, Japan-U.S.-Australia, and Japan-U.S.-India the terrorist organization “Islamic State of Iraq frameworks. While promoting relationships of and the Levant (ISIL)” drew widespread trust with China and Russia through security- international attention in relation to the foreign related dialogue and exchanges, Japan will terrorist fighter phenomenon, among other advance collaboration and cooperation in issues. In April, a large number of female multilateral regional cooperative frameworks, students were kidnapped by Boko Haram in such as the East Asia Summit (EAS), the Nigeria. In December, over 130 people ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) and the including children were killed in Pakistan. ASEAN Defense Ministers’ Meeting-Plus Furthermore, transnational organized crime, (ADMM-Plus), and strengthen multilayered such as trafficking in persons, illicit drug cooperative relations. trafficking, cybercrime and money laundering, Peacekeeping and Peacebuilding is strongly related to terrorism as a source of The security and prosperity of Japan cannot financing, and therefore, it poses an increased be achieved merely by improving the security threat. Under these circumstances, Japan environment surrounding Japan. It also implements counter-terrorism efforts in depends on the peace and stability of the coordination with the international community, international community. Based on such pursuant to UN Security Council resolutions. understanding, Japan has been actively In addition, Japan promotes regional engaged in addressing various issues and cooperation, such as adoption of the Japan- challenges that the global society confronts. In ASEAN Joint Declaration for Cooperation to regions emerging from conflicts, seamless Combat Terrorism and Transnational Crime. peacebuilding efforts are essential in order to Japan actively provides international prevent the recurrence of the conflicts and cooperation through capacity building achieve a sustainable peace. Such efforts assistance for countries where counter- include peacekeeping, emergency humanitarian terrorism-related legislation and other systems assistance, promotion of peace processes, are inadequate. Following the terrorist ensuring security, and reconstruction and shooting in Paris and the terrorist incident Diplomatic Bluebook 2015 175 Chapter 3 Japan’s Foreign Policy to Promote National and Worldwide Interests regarding the murder of Japanese by ISIL that statements on the humanitarian consequences took place in early 2015, Japan has decided to of nuclear weapons delivered at the First pursue comprehensive foreign policy efforts in Committee of the UN General Assembly under line with the following three pillars: 1. the leadership of Australia and New Zealand, Strengthening counter-terrorism measures; 2. respectively. In addition, Japan established the Enhancing diplomacy towards stability and Youth Communicator for a World without prosperity in the Middle East; and 3. Assistance Nuclear Weapons framework, which supports in creating societies resilient to radicalization. the younger generation in conveying the Disarmament and Non-Proliferation consequences of nuclear weapons at Japan has pursued proactive initiatives to international conferences and other meetings achieve the goal of “a world free of nuclear overseas. Japan is making a great deal of effort weapons.” As the only country to have ever to pass on these activities to the next suffered atomic bombings in war, these policies generation. allow Japan to fulfill its mission of conveying to Global Commons the world the devastation caused by nuclear “Open and Stable Seas,” which are upheld by weapons and improve the security environment maritime order governed by law and rules and surrounding Japan. In January 2014, Minister not by coercion, constitute global commons for Foreign Affairs Fumio Kishida delivered a essential for the peace and prosperity of the speech in Nagasaki on nuclear disarmament international community as a whole. From this and non-proliferation, in which he unveiled perspective, Japan is committed to ensuring policies including the “Three Reductions” and the freedom and safety of navigation and the “Three Preventions” policies. Under the overflight of the high seas through various framework of the Non-Proliferation and efforts including anti-piracy operations and Disarmament Initiative (NPDI), launched by cooperation with other countries. Especially Japan and Australia in 2010, the (Eighth) NPDI for Japan, a maritime nation surrounded by Ministerial Meeting was held in 2014 in sea, the international law of the sea, with the Hiroshima, the prefecture where an atomic United Nations Convention on the Law of the bomb was dropped. The meeting adopted the Sea (UNCLOS) at the core, is indispensable for “Hiroshima Declaration,” which invited the securing its maritime rights and interests as world’s political leaders to visit Hiroshima. well as for undertaking maritime activities Futhermore, Japan submitted an annual smoothly. draft resolution entitled “United action towards In terms of cyberspace, Japan is promoting the total elimination of nuclear weapons” to the policy coordination with its ally, the United First Committee of the UN General Assembly, States, and with countries which share a which was co-sponsored by a record high of common interest in realizing and strengthening 116 Member States in 2014, and was adopted the rule of law, and is actively contributing to with an overwhelming majority. In October, as developing international rules and confidence- in previous year, Japan joined the joint building measures among countries. In 176 Efforts for Peace and Stability