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Document1 8/8/06 10:44 Page 1 CERN Courier May 2013 Faces & Places A WARDS Engineering prize honours internet and Web pioneers Five engineers whose work, beginning in the 1970s, led to the internet and the World Wide Web have together won the inaugural Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering. Robert Kahn, Vinton Cerf, Louis Pouzin, Tim Berners-Lee and Marc Andreessen were announced on 18 March as the winners at the Royal Academy of Engineering in London. Kahn, Cerf and Pouzin receive the award for their contributions to the protocols that make up the fundamental architecture of the internet. French computer scientist Pouzin invented the datagram and designed an early packet communications network known as CYCLADES in the early 1970s. His work was broadly used by Americans Kahn and Cerf in the development of TCP/ IP. Berners-Lee created the World Wide Web at CERN in 1989 and American Marc Andreessen wrote the Mosaic browser that is credited with popularizing the Web. By sharing their work freely and without restriction these pioneers allowed the Tim Berners-Lee is reunited with the historic NeXT computer at CERN during celebrations Visit us at internet and the Web to be adopted rapidly for the 20th anniversary of the web in 2009 (CERN Courier May 2009 p24). He used this around the world and to grow organically computer to develop and run the fi rst Web server, multimedia browser and Web editor. Booth 605 thanks to open and universal standards. Measuring magnetic Additionally, they have served as technical 330 petabytes of data a year – enough to for a ground-breaking innovation in and political stewards of the internet and the transfer every character ever written in every engineering that have benefi ted humanity. New Photomultiplier HV Base field transients? web over the past 30 years as it has grown book ever published 20 times over. It is administered by the Royal Academy of Using photomultipliers is now even easier with a new from its experimental phase to hosting The Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering. range of compact, low noise, HV Bases from The Fast Digital Integrator FDI2056 is the world’s 50 billion pages of information today. Today Engineering is a £1 million global The winners are due to come to London in ET Enterprises. fastest and most sensitive voltage integrator. a third of the world’s population uses the engineering prize designed to reward June for the formal presentation of the prize at Incorporating socket, voltage divider and HV - Photo: Scott Maxwell www.agence-arca.com internet and it is estimated to carry around and celebrate the individuals responsible Buckingham Palace by Queen Elizabeth II. supply, they are suitable for use with a wide range of photomultipliers operating in analogue, For the first time it is possible to measure fast, low-level pulse counting or photon counting modes. magnetic field disturbances such as eddy currents in a switched magnet. range of input voltage (5V to 15V) . output voltage adjustable from 100V to 2000V A complete and upgradable . very low power solution for your most exacting . high stability magnetic measurements. Visit our new website for further information. ET Enterprises is now your single source for ‘Electron Tubes’ and ADIT photomultipliers, including many Photonis replacements. Now it’s possible! Designed at the CERN Use our new interactive website to search our complete range of products or follow the contact links to discuss your application. Recipients of the Fundamental Physics project and the CMS and ATLAS Hawking also received a special prize, while ET Enterprises Limited, Riverside Way, Uxbridge, UB8 2YF, UK Prize Foundation’s special prize in experiments from the time that the LHC was quantum-fi eld theorist Alexander Polyakov Phone: +44 (0)1895 200880 fundamental physics, announced in approved by the CERN Council in 1994. received the 2013 Fundamental Physics Fax: +44 (0)1895 270873 [email protected] December (CERN Courier January/ Here Guido Tonelli shares the stage with Prize for his work in fi eld theory and string www.et-enterprises.com February 2013 p36), accepted their awards (left to right): Lyn Evans, Michel Della theory. The event was hosted by the actor ADIT Electron Tubes, 300 Crane Street, at a ceremony in Geneva on 20 March. The Negra, Tejinder Virdee, Peter Jenni, Joe Morgan Freeman, who took the opportunity Sweetwater, Texas 79556, USA Phone: (325) 235 1418 Pantone 286 Pantone 032 prize was shared by leaders of the LHC Incandela and Fabiola Gianotti. Stephen to visit CERN and the LHC tunnel (right). Fax: (325) 235 2872 [email protected] www.electrontubes.com catch the light www.metrolab.com Magnetic precision has a name 41 ANNONCE 2.indd 1 09/03/10 14:33 CERNCOURIER www. V OLUME 5 3 N UMBER 4 M AY 2 0 1 3 CERN Courier May 2013 CERN Courier May 2013 Faces & Places Faces & Places S YMPOSIUM I NAUGURATION 5000 m above sea level. The assembly of Ceremony marks ALMA’s antennas was recently completed, Imperial College celebrates Kibble’s 80th birthday with the last batch of seven out of the fi nal total of 66 antennas currently being tested Tom Kibble, one of the founding fathers a Higgs boson. At the end of the talk, there completion of before entering into service. The telescope of the Standard Model, turned 80 last was a standing ovation for Kibble that lasted has already provided unprecedented views December. To celebrate this milestone and several minutes. ALMA telescope of the cosmos using only a portion of its full Kibble’s extraordinary contributions to In the evening, Nobel laureate Steven array (CERN Courier November 2011 p13). theoretical physics, a one-day symposium Weinberg gave a stunning keynote The ALMA array consists of 54 antennas was held on 13 March at Imperial College, presentation to a capacity audience of 700. In the vast Atacama Desert of the Chilean with 12-m dishes and 12 smaller 7-m dishes, London. With no visual props, he talked eruditely Andes, an offi cial ceremony marked which work together as a single telescope. Kibble has made seminal contributions to on symmetry breaking and its role in the inauguration of the Atacama Large The signals from the individual antennas the understanding of the mass-generating elementary particle physics. He emphasized Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) are brought together and processed by the mechanism for elementary particles via the role played by the three 1964 papers by (CERN Courier October 2007 p23). More “ALMA correlator” supercomputer. The symmetry breaking. Indeed, his profound Robert Brout, François Englert, Peter Higgs, than 500 people attended the 13 March 66 antennas can be arranged in different papers of 1964 and 1967 provided key Tom Kibble, centre, with from left to right, Gerald Guralnik, Carl Hagen and Kibble event, which signalled the completion of all confi gurations, where the maximum foundations for the Standard Model and Jim Virdee, John Hassard, Tariq Ali, Peter himself. He also emphasized the signifi cant major systems of the giant telescope and the distance between each one can vary from inspired the search for the Higgs boson. He Dornan, John Pendry and Jordan Nash. impact of Kibble’s sole-authored 1967 formal transition from a construction project 150 m to 16 km. has also made signifi cant contributions to the (Images: Meilin Sancho, Imperial College.) paper that, among other things, explains the into an observatory. ALMA is a partnership between scientifi c study of the dynamics of symmetry-breaking mechanism whereby the W and Z boson get A select group, including guest of honour organizations and funding bodies in near phase transitions with diverse mass while the photon remains massless. Sebastián Piñera, the President of Chile, had Europe, North America and East Asia, in applications including to structure formation At the banquet, the UK Minister of the opportunity to visit the telescope, located co-operation with the Republic of Chile. in the universe and vortices in helium-3. Science, David Willetts, praised Kibble’s The symposium profi led these and other contributions to fundamental knowledge aspects of Kibble’s long scientifi c career. The and the important ongoing role of Imperial two themes that resonated throughout the College and the UK more generally. Ed day were Kibble’s extraordinary scientifi c Copeland of the University of Nottingham achievements coupled with his humility. and Kibble’s most prolifi c collaborator, The tenor of the meeting was set in the profi led Kibble’s scientifi c leadership, morning by Neil Turok, director of the vision and generosity. Robert Kibble Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, recollected that while his father was doing who described Kibble as “our guru and Weinberg gave the keynote presentation. his amazing work, family life continued as example”. He discussed Kibble’s pioneering normal – although holiday destinations did work on how topological defects might to be seen in the universe, although many strangely seem to coincide with venues for have formed in the early universe during physicists remain hopeful. physics conferences. Frank Close of Oxford symmetry-breaking phase transitions as the The afternoon’s events were concluded University concluded the banquet speeches universe expanded and cooled. Wojciech by Jim Virdee of Imperial College and the by summarizing the signifi cance of Kibble’s Zurek of Los Alamos National Laboratory CMS experiment, who summarized the contributions to the Standard Model, again Guests at the inauguration included the president of Chile, Sebastián Piñera, seen here continued with this theme, surveying epic quest of fi nding the Higgs boson at highlighting how his 1967 paper inspired (second from left) on an ALMA transporter with representatives from the European analogous processes within the context of the LHC.
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