CONTENTS Group Membership, January 2002 2
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The Discovery of the Higgs Boson at the LHC
Chapter 6 The Discovery of the Higgs Boson at the LHC Peter Jenni and Tejinder S. Virdee 6.1 Introduction and the Standard Model The standard model of particle physics (SM) is a theory that is based upon principles of great beauty and simplicity. The theory comprises the building blocks of visible matter, the fundamental fermions: quarks and leptons, and the fundamental bosons that mediate three of the four fundamental interactions; photons for electromag- netism, the W and Z bosons for the weak interaction and gluons for the strong interaction (Fig. 6.1). The SM provides a very successful description of the visible universe and has been verified in many experiments to a very high precision. It has an enormous range of applicability and validity. So far no significant deviations have been observed experimentally. The possibility of installing a proton-proton accelerator in the LEP tunnel, after the e+e− programme, was being discussed in the 1980’s. At the time there were many profound open questions in particle physics, and several are still present. In simple terms these are: what is the origin of mass i.e. how do fundamental particles acquire mass, and why do they have the masses that they have? Why is there more matter than anti-matter? What is dark matter? What is the path towards unification of all forces? Do we live in a world with more space-time dimensions than the familiar four? The LHC [1, 2] was conceived to address or shed light on these questions. P. Jenni CERN, Geneva, Switzerland Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany T. -
Coulomb Gluons and Colour Evolution
Coulomb gluons and colour evolution René Ángeles-Martínez in collaboration with Jeff Forshaw Mike Seymour JHEP 1512 (2015) 091 DPyC, BUAP & arXiv:1602.00623 (accepted for publication) 2016 In this talk: Progress towards including the colour interference of soft gluons in partons showers. PDF Hard process (Q) Parton Shower: Approx: Collinear + Soft radiation Q qµ ⇤ QCD Underlying event Hadronization Hadron-Hadron collision, Soper (CTEQ School) … 2 Motivation • Why? Increase precision of theoretical predictions for the LHC • Is this necessary? Yes, for particular non-inclusive observables. • Are those relevant to search for new physics? Yes, these can tell us about the (absence of) colour of the production mechanism (couplings). 3 Outline • Coulomb gluons, collinear factorisation & colour interference. • Concrete effect: super-leading-logs. • Including colour interference in partons showers. (Also see JHEP 07, 119 (2015), arXiv:1312.2448 & 1412.3967) 4 One-loop in the soft approximation kµ Q ⌧ ij Hard subprocess is a vector Colour matrices acting on 2 colour + spin d d k ↵ pi pj ig2T T − · 2 s i · j (2⇡)d [p k i0][ p k i0][k2+i0] Z j · ± − i · ± ↵ i : i0 i :+i0 i : i0 − − j : i0 j :+i0 j :+i0 − 2 ↵ Introduction: one-loop soft gluon correction After contour integration: d4k (2⇡)δ(k2)✓(k0) (2⇡)2δ(p k)δ( p k) g2µ2✏T T p p + iδ˜ i · − j · 2 s i · j i · j (2⇡)4 [p k][p k] ij 2[k2] Z j · i · ↵ (On-shell gluon: Purely real) (Coulomb gluon: Purely imaginary) 1ifi, j in , ˜ δij = 81ifi, j out , <>0 otherwise. -
ANTIMATTER a Review of Its Role in the Universe and Its Applications
A review of its role in the ANTIMATTER universe and its applications THE DISCOVERY OF NATURE’S SYMMETRIES ntimatter plays an intrinsic role in our Aunderstanding of the subatomic world THE UNIVERSE THROUGH THE LOOKING-GLASS C.D. Anderson, Anderson, Emilio VisualSegrè Archives C.D. The beginning of the 20th century or vice versa, it absorbed or emitted saw a cascade of brilliant insights into quanta of electromagnetic radiation the nature of matter and energy. The of definite energy, giving rise to a first was Max Planck’s realisation that characteristic spectrum of bright or energy (in the form of electromagnetic dark lines at specific wavelengths. radiation i.e. light) had discrete values The Austrian physicist, Erwin – it was quantised. The second was Schrödinger laid down a more precise that energy and mass were equivalent, mathematical formulation of this as described by Einstein’s special behaviour based on wave theory and theory of relativity and his iconic probability – quantum mechanics. The first image of a positron track found in cosmic rays equation, E = mc2, where c is the The Schrödinger wave equation could speed of light in a vacuum; the theory predict the spectrum of the simplest or positron; when an electron also predicted that objects behave atom, hydrogen, which consists of met a positron, they would annihilate somewhat differently when moving a single electron orbiting a positive according to Einstein’s equation, proton. However, the spectrum generating two gamma rays in the featured additional lines that were not process. The concept of antimatter explained. In 1928, the British physicist was born. -
Arxiv:Hep-Ph/0403045V2 5 Mar 2004 .Maltoni F
Les Houches Guidebook to Monte Carlo Generators for Hadron Collider Physics Editors: M.A. Dobbs1, S. Frixione2, E. Laenen3, K. Tollefson4 Contributing Authors: H. Baer5, E. Boos6, B. Cox7, M.A. Dobbs1, R. Engel8, S. Frixione2, W. Giele9, J. Huston4, S. Ilyin6, B. Kersevan10, F. Krauss11, Y. Kurihara12, E. Laenen3,L.Lonnblad¨ 13, F. Maltoni14, M. Mangano15, S. Odaka12, P. Richardson16, A. Ryd17, T. Sjostrand¨ 13, P. Skands13, Z. Was18, B.R. Webber19, D. Zeppenfeld20 1Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 2INFN, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy 3NIKHEF Theory Group, Kruislaan 409, 1098 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands 4Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1116, USA 5Department of Physics, Florida State University, 511 Keen Building, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4350, USA 6Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia 7Dept of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K. 8 Institut f¨ur Kernphysik, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Postfach 3640, D - 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany 9Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510-500, USA 10Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana,Slovenia; Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19,SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 11Institut f¨ur Theoretische Physik, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany 12KEK, Oho 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan 13Department of Theoretical Physics, Lund University, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden 14Centro Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi”, via Panisperna, 89/A - 00184 Rome, Italy 15CERN, CH–1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland 16Institute for Particle Physics Phenomenology, University of Durham, DH1 3LE, U.K. 17Caltech, 1200 E. -
Neutrino Physics Was Certainly Major.'Xxii
Neutrino FRANK CLOSE OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6dp Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York ©Frank Close 2010 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose the same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Library of Congress Control Number 2010930302 Typeset by SPI Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India Printed in Great Britain on acid-free paper by Clays Ltd, St Ives ISBN 978-0-19-957459-9 Contents Ray Davis Foreword 1. -
On the Scent of Glue
On the scent of glue by Frank Close Although this work was not new Soon after the quark model was in has been intensifying over the last for the specialists, the underlying vented twenty years ago, people re several years. Where have all the message was clear. 'Because of its alized that it was in trouble. The Pauli flowers gone? inherent singularities, classical gen exclusion principle ruled out many eral relativity predicts its own down well known states, in particular the How colour forces work fall,' stated Hawking, 'just as the configuration of three identical classical picture of the atom was also strange quarks that formed the ome Electrical charges are the sources doomed'. ga-minus. The very hadron whose of electromagnetic forces. As every The meeting merited two closing discovery had confirmed the Eight schoolchild knows, opposite char lectures. For the cosmologists, Mar fold Way seemingly killed its off ges attract while like charges repel. tin Rees of Cambridge confessed to spring, the quark model. Quarks possess electric charge and finding the symposium an 'unusual In those days, many people were so feel electromagnetic forces. That experience'. For the particle physi reluctant to accept the idea of frac is why even electrically uncharged cists, John Ellis described particle tionally charged quarks which had particles like neutrons have electro physics and cosmology as having 'a never been seen. The Pauli paradox magnetic interactions; they contain brilliant past in front of them' — refer suggested that quarks were at best electrically charged constituents. ring to the new common interest in no more than a bookkeeping device, Quarks also have colour and it ap the primaeval Big Bang and its imme not physical particles. -
Dr. David Michael South ATLAS, H1, Lhec and DPHEP Collaborations October 2019
Dr. David Michael South ATLAS, H1, LHeC and DPHEP Collaborations October 2019 Date of Birth: 18.01.1977 [email protected] Languages: English, German www.desy.de/∼southd Employment • Staff Scientist, DESY-Hamburg since Feb 2013 • Research Associate, DESY-Hamburg Jul 2010 { Jan 2013 • Research Associate, Technische Universit¨atDortmund Jan 2007 { Jun 2010 • Research Fellow, DESY-Hamburg May 2003 { Dec 2006 Professional Experience • Current positions { ATLAS Distributed Computing Coordinator Oct 2019 { Chair of National Analysis Facility User Committee Feb 2014 { DESY-ATLAS Group Computing Coordinator Feb 2013 { DESY-ATLAS International Computing Board Representative Oct 2012 { H1 Physics Board Member Jul 2012 • Former positions and activities { ATLAS Monte Carlo Production Coordinator 2017 { 2019 { Chair of ATLAS Panel on Analysis Preservation 2015 { 2017 { ATLAS Data Reprocessing Coordinator 2014 { 2017 { ATLAS Conditions Database Coordinator 2011 { 2014 { DESY Data Preservation Group Leader 2010 { 2017 { DPHEP Working Group Convener on Data Preservation Models 2009 { 2017 { H1 Computing and Software Coordinator 2008 { 2012 { H1 Analysis Software Project Convener 2007 { 2009 { H1 Rare and Exotics Physics Working Group Convener 2006 { 2012 { H1 Run Coordinator 2005 { 2007 { Supervision of DESY Summer Students 2005 { 2006 { On call for the HERA Transverse Polarimeter 2004 { 2005 { On call for the H1 LAr Calorimeter, Forward Tracker and Forward Muon Detector 2003 { 2007 { Shift duty on the H1 Experiment 2000 { 2007 • Conference and workshop -
Double Diffractive Higgs and Di-Photon Production at The
MAN/HEP/2001/03 MC-TH-01/09 October 2001 Double Diffractive Higgs and Di-photon Production at the Tevatron and LHC Brian Cox and Jeff Forshaw Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL, England [email protected] Beate Heinemann Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool Liverpool, L69 7ZE, England [email protected] Abstract We use the POMWIG Monte Carlo generator to predict the cross-sections for double diffractive higgs and di-photon production at the Tevatron and LHC. We find that the higgs production cross-section is too small to be observable at Tevatron energies, and even at arXiv:hep-ph/0110173v2 13 Oct 2001 the LHC observation would be difficult. Double diffractive di-photon production, however, should be observable within one year of Tevatron Run II. 1 Introduction With the start of Run II at the Tevatron the possibility of detecting a light higgs boson has of course been the focus of much attention. One suggested experimentally clean search strategy is to look in double diffractive collisions in which the final state contains only intact protons, which escape the central detectors, and the decay products of the higgs, in this case two b quark jets. The protons would be tagged in roman pot detectors a long way down stream of the interaction point, allowing a very precise determination of the higgs mass, using the so-called missing mass method [1]. With such proton tagging, the available center of mass energy of up to 200 GeV means that the preferred higgs mass of around 115 GeV is kinematically accessible, at least in principle. -
Report from Science Committee
Report From Science Committee JennyReport Thomas, IoP Town Meeting From Science Committee One year since last Town Meeting SC scientific business Reapproval of LHC-GPDs High Performance Computing Funding of new projects Statements of Interest Accelerator Centres SC administrative business New Members/Retiring members Meetings with Peer-Review and AP chairs Visits to PP institutes SLA Review Review of Peer Review Structure Jenny Thomas, IoP Town Meeting SCSC StrategyStrategy SC has defined a strategy over the last few years New projects are essential to the life blood of our field Longer term and shorter term projects must be planned for High impact science will be funded where: UK can play a major and intellectually leading role Science is internationally excellent, timely and fundamental Sun-setting is a natural part of a vibrant programme Blue skies R&D is an important investment in the future The financial outlook Jenny Thomas, IoP TownThe Meeting financial outlook We have a balanced budget over 10 year period SC has wrestled with the spreadsheets and understands the numbers In the short term, there are shortfalls We don’t have much wiggle room until 05/06 We do have lots of stuff we want to do Ian just has to get the money from OST. If we get 4% we may be able to do everything we want Start thinking of great new science to do. Who is SC? Jenny Thomas, IoP Town Meeting Who is SC? Martin Ward, Leicester (Chair) Jenny Thomas, UCL (Deputy Chair) Jordan Nash, IC Richard Hills, Cambridge Jeff Forshaw, Manchester John Peacock, Edinburgh -
Lessons from a Master
THE EXETER COLLEGE MAGAZINE ISSUE 14 AUTUMN 2011 WWW.EXETER.OX.AC.UK/ALUMNI LESSONS FROM A MASTER PHILIP PULLMAN ON WHAT MAKES A GOOD STORY REINVENTING TELEVISION JON GISBY ON HOW TECHNOLOGY AFFECTS COMMUNICATION THE TWO AFRICAS KOFI ANNAN VISITS EXETER PLUS: EZEKIEL EMANUEL ON US HEALTHCARE REFORM, TWITTER CO-FOUNDER BIZ STONE TALKS BUSINESS, FRANK CLOSE GETS A FRONT ROW SEAT AT THE BOAT RACE, AND MORE… WELCOME TO EXON Contents Editorial Rector’s Letter Frances Cairncross, Rector College News ince arriving in post three months ago, I Fundraising have been aware of a tremendous S A Day in the Life of the Junior Dean Philanthropy in the Fee-paying Era responsibility to deliver Exon on time and to a t seems appropriate that this year’s ending a successful tour by singing at We began with a talk on the prospects for Michelle Fernandes p4 Katrina Hancock p32 standard of which the College can be proud. issue of Exon is built around the mass in St Mark’s Cathedral. Africa by that great Ghanaian and public A Very Exonian Boat Race Not So Different, After All Punctuality can be measured, but what of theme of communication, since Now we are looking forward to two servant, Kofi Annan, former Secretary- Frank Close p5 Katharina Neill p33 I quality? The question I have tried to consider one of the main tasks of the College is milestones. One will be our occupation, General of the United Nations. We are A Tale of Two Africas Happy Holidays throughout has been “what is Exon’s purpose?” to teach and promote the skills that in autumn 2012, of our new site on planning more over the next three years. -
Online Particle Physics Information 1
Online particle physics information 1 Updated August 2015 by T. Basaglia (CERN), A. Holtkamp (CERN).† 1.Introduction............................ 1 2. ParticleDataGroup(PDG)resources. 1 3. ParticlePhysicsInformationPlatforms . .. 2 4.LiteratureDatabases . 3 5. Particle Physics Journals and Conference Proceedings Series....... 4 6.ConferenceDatabases. 5 7.ResearchInstitutions . 5 8.People .............................. 5 9.Experiments............................ 5 10.Jobs............................... 6 11.SoftwareRepositories . 7 12.Datarepositories . 9 13.Datapreservationactivities. 12 14. Particle Physics Education and Outreach Sites . .... 12 1. Introduction The collection of online information resources in particle physics and related areas presented in this chapter is of necessity incomplete. An expanded and regularly updated online version can be found at: http://library.web.cern.ch/particle physics information Suggestions for additions and updates are very welcome.† 2. Particle Data Group (PDG) resources • Review of Particle Physics (RPP) A comprehensive report on the fields of particle physics and related areas of cosmology and astrophysics, including both review articles and a compilation/evaluation of data on particle properties. The review section includes articles, tables and plots on a wide variety of theoretical and experimental topics of interest to particle physicists and astrophysicists. The particle properties section provides tables of published measurements as well as the Particle Data Groups best values and limits for particle properties such as masses, widths, lifetimes, and branching fractions, and an extensive summary of searches for hypothetical particles. RPP is published as a 1500-page book every two years, with partial updates made available once each year on the web. † Please send comments and corrections to [email protected]. C. Patrignani et al. (Particle Data Group), Chin. -
Starting A-Level Physics in Sept 2020…. Consider Reading One Or More of the Following Books to Inspire You Over the Summer
Starting A-level Physics in Sept 2020…. Consider reading one or more of the following books to inspire you over the summer. Some are Physics based, some are more Engineering orientated. Suggested summer reading list: Physics and Engineering • The Feynman Lectures on Physics by Richard Feynman (also available to watch) • A Brief History of Time by Stephen Hawking • Seven Brief Lessons on Physics by Carlo Rovelli • Warped Passages: Unraveling the Mysteries of the Universe's Hidden Dimensions by Lisa Randall • Big Bang: The Origin of the Universe by Simon Singh • Engineering: A Beginner's Guide by Natasha McCarthy • To Engineer is Human: The Role of Failure in Successful Design by Henry Petroski • What if? by Randell Monroe • Particle Physics Brick by Brick by Ben Still • A short history of nearly everything by Bill Bryson • The Universe speaks in numbers by Graham Farmelo • Storm in a teacup by Helen Czerski • The Alchemy of Us by Ainissa Ramirez • Emperor's new mind by Roger Penrose • What do you care what other people think by Richard Feymann • The God effect by Brian Clegg • The Elegant Universe by Brian Greene • Hyperspace by Michio Kaku • The particle at the end of the Universe by Sean Carroll • The Quantum Universe: everything that can happen does happen by Brian Cox, Jeff Forshaw • (anything else…) by Carlo Rovelli • How to teach your dog quantum numbers by Chad Orzel • Neutrino by Frank Close • The Gecko’s Foot by Peter Forbes • Structures – or why things don’t fall down by JE Gordon • Cats Paws and Catapults: Mechanical Worlds of nature and people by Steven Vogel • PHD Comics (phd_comics at Instragram or @PHDcomics on twitter) Or consider a MOOC: Engage in a spot of independent study on a topic of your choice.