CYCLOPEDIA of BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL and ECCLESIASTICAL LITERATURE Suada- Syzygus by James Strong & John Mcclintock

THE AGES DIGITAL LIBRARY REFERENCE CYCLOPEDIA of BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL and ECCLESIASTICAL LITERATURE Suada- Syzygus by James Strong & John McClintock To the Students of the Words, Works and Ways of God: Welcome to the AGES Digital Library. We trust your experience with this and other volumes in the Library fulfills our motto and vision which is our commitment to you: MAKING THE WORDS OF THE WISE AVAILABLE TO ALL — INEXPENSIVELY. AGES Software Rio, WI USA Version 1.0 © 2000 2 Suada the Roman personification of persuasion; the Greek Peitho. Suadela the diminutive of SUADA SEE SUADA (q.v.). Su’äh (Heb. jiWs, Su’ach, sweeping [Gesen.], oriches [Fürst]; Sept. Soue>), first named of the eleven “sons” of Zophah an Asherite (<130736>1 Chronicles 7:36). B.C. apparently cir. 1020. Suares (or Suarez), Joseph Marie a French prelate and antiquarian, was born July 5, 1599, at Avignon, and educated at his native place. Having embraced the ecclesiastical state, he became the coadjutor of his uncle Francisco Suarez (q.v.) as provost of the cathedral; and afterwards went to Rome, where cardinal Barberini gave him charge of his library. Having received several additional honors, he was at length promoted by Urban VIII, in 1633, to the bishopric of Vaison, in which capacity: he attacked Calvinism; but he finally resigned in favor of his brother Charles, and retired to Rome, where he died, Dec. 7, 1677. His antiquarian writings are enumerated in Hoefer, Nouv. Biog, Géneralé, s.v. His brother CHARLES JOSEPH, born at Avignon in 1618, became priest in 1641, succeeded to the bishopric of Vaison, in 1666, and died there Nov. 7, 1670. A nephew of both the preceding, Louis ALPHONSE, born June 6, 1642, at Avignon, studied theology at the Seminary of St. Sulpice, succeeded his uncle as bishop of Vaison in 1671, held a synod there in 1673, and died March 13, 1685, near Sorgues, in Vaucluse, A nephew of the last preceding, Louis MARIE, was bishop of Acqs (now Dax) in 1736, and died April 17, 1785. Suarez, Francisco a Spanish Jesuit, born at Granada, Jan. 5, 1548, was a professor of reputation at Alcala, at Salamanca, and at Rome. He was afterwards invited to Coimbra, Portugal, where he became the principal professor of 3 divinity. He died at Lisbon, Sept. 25. 1617. He was au author of the most voluminous kind, and the Jesuits consider him the greatest and best scholastic divine that their order has produced. See his writings in Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Géneralé, s.v. He is the principal author of the system of congruism, which is at bottom only that of Molina. Father Noel, a French Jesuit, made an abridgment of the works of this commentator (Gelneva, 173, 2, fol.). There is a Life of him by Antony Deschamps (Perpignan, 1671, 4to). Suayambhu in Hindu mythology, was the son of Bramah and ancestor of the human race. His daughter Devagdhi was married to Kartama, one of the great progenitors, and bore nine daughters, who became the wives of the nine remaining progenitors. By Satarupa the daughter of Bramah, Suayambhu became the father of five other children, whose offspring contributed towards the extension of the human family. — Vollmer, Wörterb. d. Mythol. s.v. Su’ba (Souba>v v.r. Sabih>), a name given only in the Apocrypha (1 Esdr. 5, 34) among the sons of Solomon’s servants who returned with Zerubbabel from the Captivity; but not found in the parallel Hebrew lists (<150235>Ezra 2:35-37; <160737>Nehemiah 7:37-39). Su’bai (Subai`>), a Graecized form (1 Esdr. 5, 30) of the SHALMAI SEE SHALMAI (q.v.) of the Hebrew lists (<150246>Ezra 2:46; <160748>Nehemiah 7:48). Subarrhation a term denoting the delivery by the bridegroom to the bride of the ring and other gifts at the time, and during the act, of marriage. Subcanon an inferior or minor canon (q.v.). Subchancellor, or Scribe. The notary of Italian cathedrals is the chancellor’s vicar, called also registrar or matricular, and at St. Paul’s, in 1280, designated as scriptor librorum. He 4 acted as assistant secretary, librarian, lecturer in theology and law, aid teacher of reading. Subchanter, or Succentor the deputy of the precentor, the principal among the vicars in choir. The precentor sat on the right-hand side of the choir, and the succentor on the left. His office was usually the gift of the chapter; occasionally, however, he was nominated by the precentor. There were two kinds of subchanters: 1. The succentor of canons, or succentormajor (first mentioned in the 11th century), at York, Bayeux, Paris, Amiens, Glasgow, Chalons, Girgenti, Wells, and Salisbury, acted as precentor’s deputy with. regard to the canons; he ranks, after the subdean, and the office was given by the diocesan. At Amiens he installs canons in the lower stalls; at Rouen he holds a prebend and regulates processions; he is often called prichantre in distinction from the grand chantre. 2. A vicar, deputy, and assistant precentor. At Seville and Placentia and in England he tabled the ministers for service; at Chichester and Hereford he chastised the boys, and ordinarily his duties were confined to ordering processions, delating offenders, and general supervision of the lower choir; he could not correct a canon. His office appears at Chichester and St.. David’s in the 13th century; he corresponds to the precentor of the new foundations. At Lichfield and St. David’s the subchanter is head of the Vicar’s. College. Subdeacon The ancient Christian Church had but two classes of officers, the presidents, proista>menoi, poime>nev, hJgou>menoi, also ejpi>skopoi, presbu>teroi and the servants, dia>konoi; the former being charged with functions within the field of worship, while the latter were employed in administering the charities of the Church. In time, the episcopacy was developed out of the presbyterate, and the subdiaconate from the diaconate. The latter was always regarded by the Church as of human invention, and as having been introduced “utilitatis causa” (see Morinus, Comm. de S. Eccles. Ordinat. Exercitat. 11:1). Its introduction was, more over, gradual, and not uniform throughout the Church. Some churches were without subdeacons as late as the middle of the 9th century; and, before the hierarchy assumed a rigid and unchangeable form, the 5 subdiaconate was not regarded an indispensable preliminary, to the diaconate. The existence of subdeacons in the Church of Rome as early as A.D. 250 is shown in a letter of pope Cornelius to bishop Fabius of Antioch (Euseb. Hist. Eccles. 6:43; comp. Jaff, Regest. Pontiff No. 8); in Spain as early as A.D. 305, in ch. 30 of the Synod of Elvira; in Africa about the middle of the 3rd century, in different letters of Cyprian (2, 3, 29, 30, etc.); and in the East by the middle of the 4th century, as appears from determinations of the Synod of Laodicea in 361 (Dist. 23:21-23), and a letter of Athanasius (Ad Solita. A.D. 330). The subdeacons were reckoned among the class of Ordines Minores, and their functions were of inferior dignity. They were permitted to touch the sacred vessels if empty, in this having a pre-eminence over other Minores; but, in general, their duties were simply the receiving of oblations (hence Oblationarii), the care of the tombs of martyred saints, the guarding of church doors during the administration of the sacrament, etc. In course of time the reading of the lesson from the epistles was added and became their leading function. The importance of the subdiaconate was enhanced when Gregory the Great included it under the operation of the law of celibacy (Dist. 31:1), and yet more when its members were made eligible to the episcopal office by the Council of Benevento in the pontificate of Urban II, 1091. The question now arose whether the subdiaconate must not be counted among the Ordines Majores, which was finally determined by Innocent III in favor of such promotion. Subdeacons thereby acquired the rights of the superior orders as respects personal independence, etc. They assume a title at ordination, take vows of celibacy, etc., and are forbidden to return to secular life. Their ordination is, however, peculiar, in that the candidates are not presented to the consecrating bishop by the archdeacon, the laying on of hands and questioning of the people are not used, and the consecration is performed instead by “traditio instrumentorum et vestium.” The beginning of the twenty-second year was fixed by the Council of Trent (Sess. 23:12, De Reform.) as the proper age for entering on this office, and a year is required to intervene before ordination to the deaconate may follow bishops, however, may depart from this rule when needful (Sess. 23:11 Richter, Kirchenrecht, § 113). At the present time, the subdiaconate exists simply as a stage on the way to higher stations, and its functions are generally performed by laymen and presbyters. The term is sometimes used in Protestant churches, but without denoting any distinction of order. 6 See Morinus, De Sacris Ordinationibus, pt. 3, exercit. 12, Thomassinus, Vet. et Nov. Eccl. Discipl. 20:30 sq., Seitz, Recht des Pfarramtes, II, 1, 415 sq.; Richter, Kirchenrecht, § 91,103,113 Coleman, Ancient Christ. Exemplified, 23, 11; Herzog, Real-Encyklop. s.v., Walcott: — Sacred Archaeol. s.v. Subdean There were three kinds of subdeans: 1. The vice-dean. 2. The dean’s vicar, his subofficer, assistant when present, and deputy when abseit vicegerent in choir, as at Lichfield both had a similar office, that of supplying the duties of the dean in his absence.

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