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Bartonella Spp. Infection Rate and B. Grahamii in Ticks

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Bartonella Spp. Infection Rate and B. Grahamii in Ticks LETTERS 8. Reif KE, Macaluso KR. Ecology which is common in Europe, may nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi) comparison to of Rickettsia felis: a review. J Med also transmit zoonotic Bartonella spp. published sequences. Entomol. 2009;46:723–36. http://dx.doi. org/10.1603/033.046.0402 Evidence of possible tick transmission On the basis of the amplicon- 9. Reif KE, Stout RW, Henry GC, Foil LD, of bartonellae to humans under natural specifi c melting temperature and DNA Macaluso KR. Prevalence and infection conditions was provided by Eskow et bands representing the specifi c size load dynamics of Rickettsia felis in al. (3) and Angelakis et al. (4), who of 249-bp after gel electrophoresis, actively feeding cat fl eas. PLoS ONE. 2008;3:e2805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/ identifi ed Bartonella spp. in tissue results of qPCR showed 100 (4.76%) journal.pone.0002805 samples of patients who were recently infected I. ricinus ticks (Table). 10. Mitchell CJ. The role of Aedes albopictus bitten by ticks. We determined the Positive results did not vary by as an arbovirus vector. Parassitologia. prevalence of Bartonella spp. in developmental tick stages; 4.84% 1995;37:109–13. questing I. ricinus ticks in the city (18/372) adult ticks (5.08% [9/177] Address for correspondence: Didier Raoult, of Hanover, Germany, which is female and 4.62% [9/195] male), URMITE, UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, nicknamed The Green Metropolis and 4.71% (80/1,698) nymphs, and 6.67% INSERM 1095, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd was selected the German Capital of (2/30) larvae were infected (Table). Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France; Biodiversity in 2011. Because Bartonella spp. do not seem email: [email protected] During April–October 2010, to be transmitted transovarially (6), we collected 2,100 questing ticks, it is likely that larvae had interrupted consisting of 372 adults (177 female blood meals and thus did not take and 195 male), 1,698 nymphs, and up enough blood to develop into the 30 larvae, from 10 recreation areas nymphal stage. in Hanover. Tick DNA was extracted Seasonal changes in Bartonella by using the NucleoSpin 8 Blood kit spp. infection rates resulted in a higher (Macherey-Nagel, Düren, Germany). peak in May (38/300 [12.67%]) than in Plasmid DNA constructed from B. the other months (Table). For sampling Bartonella spp. henselae reference strain ATCC49793 locations, infection rates for grassy Infection Rate and containing the 249-bp target sequence sampling location 6 (4/210 [1.90%] B. grahamii in Ticks of the gltA gene was used as positive infected ticks) differed signifi cantly control. Bartonella spp. in ticks was (Bonferroni-Holm adjusted p<0.001; To the Editor: Bacteria of the detected by quantitative PCR (qPCR) *<0.0011) from that of densely genus Bartonella are transmitted by by using the Mx3005 Multiplex wooded sampling location 9 (22/210 arthropods and are often implicated Quantitative PCR System (Stratagene, [10.48%] infected ticks). in human disease. Even though ticks Heidelberg, Germany) according to Sequencing of the gltA fragment are known to transmit a variety of the protocol described by Mietze et al. resulted in Bartonella species pathogens, vector competences for (5), with minor modifi cations. Samples identifi cation for 56/100 positive transmission of Bartonella spp. positive by qPCR were verifi ed by gel samples; 52 of these samples (from by ticks were speculative (1) until electrophoresis. Bartonella species 38 nymphs, 13 adults, and 1 larva) recently, when in vivo transmission were differentiated by sequencing were identifi ed as infected with B. of B. birtlesii by Ixodes ricinus ticks (Eurofi ns MWG Operon, Ebersberg, henselae. In 51 samples (92.86%), was demonstrated in mice (2). This Germany), and obtained sequences maximum identity with the BLAST fi nding suggests that this tick species, underwent BLAST (http://blast.ncbi. top hit sequence was 99% because of Table. Seasonal distribution of Ixodes ricinus ticks infected with Bartonella spp., Hanover, Germany, 2010* Ticks April May June July August September October Total No. infected ticks/no. tested (%) 5/300 38/300 7/300 10/300 5/300 17/300 18/300 100/2,100 (1.67) (12.67) (2.33) (3.33) (1.67) (5.67) (6.00) (4.76) No. (%) adults positive 1/88 8/48 0/39 0/41 2/56 3/53 4/47 18/372 (1.14) (16.67) (3.57) (5.66) (8.51) (4.84) No. (%) females 1/32 3/19 0/20 0/17 1/32 2/28 2/29 9/177 (3.13) (15.79) (3.13) (7.14) (6.90) (5.08) No. (%) males 0/56 5/29 0/19 0/24 1/24 1/25 2/18 9/195 (17.24) (4.17) (4.00) (11.11) (4.62) No. (%) nymphs 3/203 30/248 7/261 10/259 3/244 14/240 13/243 80/1,698 (1.48) (12.10) (2.68) (3.86) (1.23) (5.83) (5.35) (4.71) No. (%) larvae 1/9 0/4 ND ND ND 0/7 1/10 2/30 (11.11) (10.00) (6.67) *ND, testing not done. Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 18, No. 10, October 2012 1689 LETTERS nucleotide substitutions in position 198 Elisabeth Janecek, 9. Serratrice J, Rolain JM, Granel B, Ene N, (T→C) and in position 136 (A→G) of Andreas Mietze, Ralph Goethe, Conrath J, Avierinos JF, et al. Bilateral 1 retinal artery branch occlusions revealing the 249-bp fragment. The remaining Thomas Schnieder, Bartonella grahamii infection. Rev Med sample showed 100% identity with and Christina Strube Interne. 2003;24:629–30. http://dx.doi. B. henselae strains Brazil-1 and 45- Author affi liation: University of Veterinary org/10.1016/S0248-8663(03)00224-8 10. Kerkhoff FT, Bergmans AM, van Der 00249 (GenBank accession nos. Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany Zee A, Rothova A. Demonstration of HQ012580 and GQ225709). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1810.120390 Bartonella grahamii DNA in ocular fl uids Four of the 56 successfully of a patient with neuroretinitis. J Clin sequenced samples (7.14%; all Microbiol. 1999;37:4034–8. References samples from nymphs) showed the sequence pattern of B. grahamii. One 1. Billeter SA, Levy MG, Chomel BB, Address for correspondence: Christina Strube, sample revealed 100% identity with Breitschwerdt EB. Vector transmission Institute for Parasitology, University of B. grahamii (GenBank accession no. of Bartonella species with emphasis on Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg the potential for tick transmission. Med 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany; email: christina. EU014266); the remaining 3 samples Vet Entomol. 2008;22:1–15. http://dx.doi. showed an identity of 98% with org/10.1111/j.1365-2915.2008.00713.x [email protected] the B. grahamii strain Hokkaido-1 2. Reis C, Cote M, Le Rhun D, Lecuelle (GenBank accession no. AB426652) B, Levin ML, Vayssier-Taussat M, et al. Vector competence of the tick and 99% (T→C in position 93) Ixodes ricinus for transmission of with a sequence described as B. Bartonella birtlesii. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. grahamii–like (GenBank accession 2011;5:e1186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/ no. AY435122). Sequences obtained journal.pntd.0001186 3. Eskow E, Rao RV, Mordechai E. in this study (deposited in GenBank Concurrent infection of the central under accession nos. JQ770304 nervous system by Borrelia burgdorferi and JK758018) support the genetic and Bartonella henselae: evidence for a Human variability of Bartonella spp., as novel tick-borne disease complex. Arch Parvovirus 4 Neurol. 2001;58:1357–63. http://dx.doi. demonstrated by others (5,7,8). org/10.1001/archneur.58.9.1357 Viremia in Young It remains unclear whether 4. Angelakis E, Billeter SA, Breitschwerdt ticks are involved in transmission EB, Chomel BB, Raoult D. Potential for Children, Ghana of pathogenic Bartonella spp. to tick-borne bartonelloses. Emerg Infect Dis. 2010;16:385–91. http://dx.doi.org/ To the Editor: Establishment humans under natural conditions. 10.3201/eid1603.091685 of viremia is a characteristic feature However, the total prevalence rate of 5. Mietze A, Morick D, Kohler H, Harrus S, of infection with human parvovirus 4.76% (100/2,100) questing I. ricinus Dehio C, Nolte I, et al. Combined MLST 4 (PARV4). In northern Europe, ticks infected with B. henselae and and AFLP typing of Bartonella henselae isolated from cats reveals new sequence PARV4 (human partetravirus) is B. grahamii highlights the need for types and suggests clonal evolution. primarily transmitted by blood-borne public awareness and draws attention Vet Microbiol. 2011;148:238–45. http:// routes (1,2). In other areas (southern to the possibility of an infection dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.08.012 Europe, western Africa, South Africa, with zoonotic Bartonella spp. after 6. Cotté V, Bonnet S, Le Rhun D, Le Naour E, Chauvin A, Boulouis HJ, et Asia) infection seems to be more a tick bite (3,4). B. henselae, the al. Transmission of Bartonella henselae widespread, suggesting alternative predominantly identifi ed species, by Ixodes ricinus. Emerg Infect Dis. modes of virus acquisition (3–6). has been associated with cat scratch 2008;14:1074–80. http://dx.doi.org/10. We reported PARV4 genotype disease, peliosis hepatis, and bacillary 3201/eid1407.071110 7. Arvand M, Schubert H, Viezens 3 viremia in young children with angiomatosis in humans. Eskow et al. J. Emergence of distinct genetic unknown parenteral blood exposure (3) also connected chronic symptoms variants in the population of primary from the rural Ashanti region of of Lyme disease to co-infections with Bartonella henselae isolates. Microbes Ghana (7).
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