Holdings of the University of California, Riverside Citrus Variety Collection (Cvc)
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The Reproductive Phenology of Citrus. II: Citrus Floral Ontogeny
The reproductive phenology of Citrus. II: Citrus floral ontogeny JAKKIE (OPJ) STANDER Citrus Research International, Department of Horticultural Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, 7602, Matieland. E-mail: [email protected] OPSOMMING: • Hoё vlakke van interne ouksiene (IAA) three articles on the physiology of citrus • Meerderheid sitrus-spesies blom gedurende afkomstig van vrugte, inhibeer die vorming flowering, and will focus on the important die lente. Die verskynsel word voorafgegaan van nuwe blom dra-posisies gedurende die chronological events pertaining to the devel- deur ʼn blom-ontwikkelingsproses gedurende somer. opment of a citrus flower, as influenced by die herfs en winter (Mei-Julie). • Vroeё verwydering van vrugte (uitdunning endogenous factors, environmental condi- • Blom-induksie (BI) is die eerste en bepalen- in “aan”-jaar) verminder die inhiberende ef- tions and cultural practices. de stap in die blom-ontwikkelingsproses. fek van ouksiene op ontwikkeling van nuwe • Water stres inisieёr BI in warm, somer- lote (apikale dominansie) en stimuleer die Inleiding reёnval streke en genoegsame lae tempera- vorming van nuwe dra-posisies. Sitrus is ʼn immergroen boom wat ʼn kom- ture (15-20°C) in koeler, winter-reёnval • Lae koolhidraat-vlakke gedurende periode plekse boomstruktuur onderhou deur een streke. van blom-ontwikkeling beperk die potensi- tot drie jaarlikse vegetatiewe groei-fases. Na • Die belangrike FT-geen, is onlangs in aal vir blom-knop ontwikkeling en kan lei tot induksie van nuutgevormde vegetatiewe lote blom-plante geidentifiseer en sy uitdrukking swak blom-ontwikkeling. deur genoegsame geakkumuleerde lae tem- is direk gekoppel aan tyd van blom, sowel as • Verwydering van vrugte gedurende ʼn aan- perature en/of water stress gedurende die blom-intensiteit. -
Tropical Horticulture: Lecture 32 1
Tropical Horticulture: Lecture 32 Lecture 32 Citrus Citrus: Citrus spp., Rutaceae Citrus are subtropical, evergreen plants originating in southeast Asia and the Malay archipelago but the precise origins are obscure. There are about 1600 species in the subfamily Aurantioideae. The tribe Citreae has 13 genera, most of which are graft and cross compatible with the genus Citrus. There are some tropical species (pomelo). All Citrus combined are the most important fruit crop next to grape. 1 Tropical Horticulture: Lecture 32 The common features are a superior ovary on a raised disc, transparent (pellucid) dots on leaves, and the presence of aromatic oils in leaves and fruits. Citrus has increased in importance in the United States with the development of frozen concentrate which is much superior to canned citrus juice. Per-capita consumption in the US is extremely high. Citrus mitis (calamondin), a miniature orange, is widely grown as an ornamental house pot plant. History Citrus is first mentioned in Chinese literature in 2200 BCE. First citrus in Europe seems to have been the citron, a fruit which has religious significance in Jewish festivals. Mentioned in 310 BCE by Theophrastus. Lemons and limes and sour orange may have been mutations of the citron. The Romans grew sour orange and lemons in 50–100 CE; the first mention of sweet orange in Europe was made in 1400. Columbus brought citrus on his second voyage in 1493 and the first plantation started in Haiti. In 1565 the first citrus was brought to the US in Saint Augustine. 2 Tropical Horticulture: Lecture 32 Taxonomy Citrus classification based on morphology of mature fruit (e.g. -
'Orlando' Tangelos on 10 Rootstocks
Literature Cited Proc. Int. Soc. Citriculture. (In press) 3. Reece, P. C, and F. E. Gardner. 1959. Robinson, Osceola and Lee- 1. Hearn, C. J., P. C. Reece, and R. Fenton. 1968. Effects of pollen new early maturing tangerine hybrids. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. source on fruit characteristics and set of four citrus hybrids. Proc. 72:48-51. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 81:94-98. 4. , , and C. J. Hearn. 1963. Page orange—a prom 2. Krezdorn, A. H. 1977. Influence of rootstock on mandarin cultivars. ising variety. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 76:53-54. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 90:47-49. 1977. THE PERFORMANCE OF 'NOVA' AND 'ORLANDO' TANGELOS ON 10 ROOTSTOCKS D. J. Hutchison and C. J. Hearn1 The rootstocks were Carrizo (CAR), Rusk (RSK), and Agricultural Research Service, Troyer (TROY) citranges (C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck X U.S. Department of Agriculture, Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.); Estes rough lemon (RL) (C. Orlando, FL 32803 Union (L.) Burm. L); Milam (MIL) (rough lemon hybrid?); Seville sour orange (SO) (C. aurantium L.); Cleopatra mandarin (CLEO) (C. reticulata); Large Flower trifoliate Additional index words. Citrus. orange (LETO) (P. trifoliata); Orlando tangelo (ORL); and Sanguine Grosse Ronde sweet orange (SANG) (C. Abstract. 'Nova' and 'Orlando' tangelos were evaluated sinensis). on 10 rootstocks during 1968-1976. 'Nova' and 'Orlando' tangelos propagated on rough lemon rootstock produced the largest trees. The highest yields were 'Nova' on rough lemon Results and Discussion and 'Orlando' on Troyer rootstocks. The highest total soluble The time of bloom indicated by percentage petal drop solids were produced by 'Nova' on sour orange and 'Or in 1969 and 1971 is shown in Table 1. -
Tangerines, Mandarins, Satsumas, and Tangelos
Tangerines, Mandarins, Satsumas, and Tangelos Category: Semi-evergreen Hardiness: Damage will occur when temperatures drop below the low 20’s Fruit Family: Citrus Light: Full sun to half day sun Size: 10’H x 10’W; may be pruned to desired HxW Soil: Well-drained Planting: Plant after danger of frost has passed, mid to late March The name “tangerine” derives from one variety that was imported to Europe from Tangiers. There are many named varieties of what citrus growers call “mandarins” because of their Asian origins. One of these, the “Satsuma”, is an heirloom Japanese mandarin that is both delicious and especially adapted to Southeast Texas. It has been part of Gulf Coast Citrus history for a century. There are many named varieties of Satsumas. Mandarins are mostly orange-fleshed, juicy, highly productive, very easy to care for, long-lived, easily peeled and segmented or juiced. Few fruits can match the mandarin. Satsumas are seedless or close to seedless. They are all of outstanding quality and differ little among themselves except for when they ripen. Buy early, mid and late season varieties to have months of ripe fruit harvests from September to April. Care of Mandarins and related fruits Planting: Newly purchased citrus have probably not been hardened off to tolerate our winter weather. Keep your citrus in the container until late March, or until all danger of freeze has passed. Trees can be kept outside in a sunny area on mild days and nights, but move them into the shelter of the garage or house if frost is predicted. -
December HOTM Citrus
February's Harvest of the Month is... Citr u s The Wonderful World of Citrus Fruit While the orange is a favorite among citrus, there are many other unique varieties of citrus that you may not be as familiar with. See below for information about some lesser known varieties that might encourage students to try something new! Car a Car a Or ange Discovered in the m id-70s in Venezuela, the cara cara orange is a cross betw een the Washington navel and the Brazilian Bahia navel. The outside of this fruit looks like any other com m on navel, but opens up to beautiful pink flesh and a com plex, sw eet flavor, w ith hints of berries and roses. P om elo If you're not a grapefruit fan due to its bitter tang, then a pom elo m ay be just w hat you need. One of the largest citrus fruits, pom elos com e in a variety of colors, w ith their skin ranging from yellow to green and the flesh varying betw een pink and w hite. The taste is sim ilar to a grapefruit, though significantly sw eeter and lacking that distinct bitter bite. Tangelo Tangelos are the result of super-sw eet tangerines that have been crossbred w ith either a pom elo or a grapefruit. The result is a sw eet, easy-to-peel treat that has the color of a tangerine, but a m ore m ild sw eetness. You can tell a tangelo apart from an orange by its slight bell-shape and a sm all bum p w here the stem attached to the fruit. -
Caribbean Fruit Fly Host List
1 Caribbean Fruit Fly Host List Common Name Botanical Name Akee Blighia sapida Allspice Pimenta dioica Ambarella Spondias cytherea Atemoya Annona cherimola X A. squamosa Apple Malus sylvestris, Malus domestica Malus spp. Autumn Maple Tree Bischofia javanica Avocado, except commercial fruit Persea americana Balsam Apple Momordica balsamina Barbados Cherry Malpighia glabra Bell Pepper, except commercial fruit Capsicum frutescens, Capsicum annuum Birchberry Eugenia ligustrina Blackberry Rubus hybrid Box Orange Severinia buxifolia Brazil Cherry Eugenia dombeyi Cabeluda Plinia glomerata Calabur Muntingia calabura Calamondin X Citrofortunella mitis Carambola Averrhoa carambola Ceylon Gooseberry Dovyalis hebecarpa Cherry of the Rio Grande Eugenia aggregata Clementine Citrus reticulata Cocoplum Chrysolbalanus icaco Custard Apple, Sugar Apple Annona squamosa, Annona reticulata Egg Fruit Pouteria campechiana Date Palm Phoenix dactylifera Fig Ficus carica Garcinia aristata Garcinia aristata Garcinia Garcinia spp. Governor's Plum Flacourtia indica Grapefruit Citrus paradisi 2 Caribbean Fruit Fly Host List Grumichama Eugenia brasiliensis Guava (all) Psidium spp. Guiana Plum Drypetes lateriflora Hog Plum Spondias mombin Imbe Garcinia livingstonei Jaboticaba Myrciaria cauliflora Jack Orangequat Citrus nobilis 'unshu' x Fortunella sp. Jambolan Plum Syzygium cumini Jamboisier Rouge Eugenia pyriformis Cambess. var. uvalha Japanese Pear Pyrus pyrifolia Japanese Persimmon Diospyros kaki Java Apple Syzygium samarangense Kei Apple Dovyalis caffra Kieffer Pear -
Holdings of the University of California Citrus Variety Collection 41
Holdings of the University of California Citrus Variety Collection Category Other identifiers CRC VI PI numbera Accession name or descriptionb numberc numberd Sourcee Datef 1. Citron and hybrid 0138-A Indian citron (ops) 539413 India 1912 0138-B Indian citron (ops) 539414 India 1912 0294 Ponderosa “lemon” (probable Citron ´ lemon hybrid) 409 539491 Fawcett’s #127, Florida collection 1914 0648 Orange-citron-hybrid 539238 Mr. Flippen, between Fullerton and Placentia CA 1915 0661 Indian sour citron (ops) (Zamburi) 31981 USDA, Chico Garden 1915 1795 Corsican citron 539415 W.T. Swingle, USDA 1924 2456 Citron or citron hybrid 539416 From CPB 1930 (Came in as Djerok which is Dutch word for “citrus” 2847 Yemen citron 105957 Bureau of Plant Introduction 3055 Bengal citron (ops) (citron hybrid?) 539417 Ed Pollock, NSW, Australia 1954 3174 Unnamed citron 230626 H. Chapot, Rabat, Morocco 1955 3190 Dabbe (ops) 539418 H. Chapot, Rabat, Morocco 1959 3241 Citrus megaloxycarpa (ops) (Bor-tenga) (hybrid) 539446 Fruit Research Station, Burnihat Assam, India 1957 3487 Kulu “lemon” (ops) 539207 A.G. Norman, Botanical Garden, Ann Arbor MI 1963 3518 Citron of Commerce (ops) 539419 John Carpenter, USDCS, Indio CA 1966 3519 Citron of Commerce (ops) 539420 John Carpenter, USDCS, Indio CA 1966 3520 Corsican citron (ops) 539421 John Carpenter, USDCS, Indio CA 1966 3521 Corsican citron (ops) 539422 John Carpenter, USDCS, Indio CA 1966 3522 Diamante citron (ops) 539423 John Carpenter, USDCS, Indio CA 1966 3523 Diamante citron (ops) 539424 John Carpenter, USDCS, Indio -
Citrus Catalogue
CITRUS CATALOGUE CITRUS The common Mandarins (Citrus reticulata) are of In general appearance and other respects, the citrus greatest importance. Other Mandarin - like fruits include fruits of principal commercial importance fall into four, the Tangors and many of the Tangelos. reasonably well-defined, cultural groups; the Oranges, the Mandarins, the Pummelos and Grapefruits, and the common acid members. The common acid group includes three sub-groups; the Citrons, the Lemons and the Limes. In addition to the fruit groups mentioned above, all of which belong to the genus Citrus, there are the Kumquats, which belong to the closely related genus Fortunella, and the so-called but much more distantly related Trifoliate Orange, Poncirus trifoliata. The Kumquats comprise a group of considerable importance for their fruits. The Trifoliate Orange, together with its hybrids is of significance as a rootstock. THE ORANGES THE PUMMELOS AND GRAPEFRUIT The principal; members of the Orange group are the Sweet Orange and the Bitter Orange. While similar in many respects and overlapping in Four kinds of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis) are certain characters, horticulturally the Pummelos (Citrus recognised: grandis) and Grapefruits (Citrus paradisi) comprise separate classes, each of which consist of both 1. The Common Sweet Orange pigmented and non-pigmented varieties. Additionally, 2. The Sugar or Acidless Orange the Pummelos contain both common acid and acidless 3. The Pigmented or Blood Orange or sweet varieties. 4. The Navel Orange Fruits that more resemble the Grapefruit or Pummelo than any other include a number of the Tangelos, Smooth Seville and Wheeny Grapefruit. THE MANDARINS Sunraysia Nurseries Pty Ltd, PO Box 45 Gol Gol NSW 2738 Phone 03 50248502 Fax 0350248551 E-mail [email protected] www.sunraysianurseries.com.au THE COMMON ACID GROUP KUMQUATS Three Groups of common acid citrus are recognised. -
Citrus Rootstocks: Their Characters and Reactions
CITRUS ROOTSTOCKS: THEIR CHARACTERS AND REACTIONS (an unpublished manuscript) ca. 1986 By W. P. BITTERS (1915 – 2006) Editor, digital version: Marty Nemeth, Reference Librarian, UC Riverside Science Library, retired Subject matter experts, digital version: Dr. Tracy Kahn, Curator, UC Citrus Variety Collection Dr. Robert Krueger, Curator, USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository for Citrus & Dates Toni Siebert, Assistant Curator, UC Citrus Variety Collection ca. 1955 ca. 1970 IN MEMORIUM Willard P. Bitters Professor of Horticulture, Emeritus Riverside 1915-2006 Born in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, in June, 1915, Dr. Willard “Bill” Bitters earned his bachelor’s degree in biology from St. Norbert College and his master’s degree and Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin. After earning his doctorate, he first worked as the superintendent of the Valley Research Farm of the University of Arizona in Yuma, and joined the Citrus Experiment Station, in Riverside in 1946 as a Horticulturist. In 1961, Dr. Bitters became a Professor in the newly established University of California-Riverside. His initial assignment was to work on horticultural aspects of tristeza, a serious vector-transmitted virus disease which threatened to destroy California citrus orchards. Tristeza was already in California and spreading in 1946. At that time most citrus trees in California were grafted on a rootstock that was known to be susceptible to tristeza. Dr. Bill Bitters was responsible for screening of over 500 cultivars to determine which rootstock-scion combinations were resistant to this disease and yet possessed suitable horticultural characteristics. Of the 500 screened, most were susceptible, but several successful ones were selected and released to the industry. -
CITRUS BUDWOOD Annual Report 2017-2018
CITRUS BUDWOOD Annual Report 2017-2018 Citrus Nurseries affected by Hurricane Irma, September 2017 Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Our Vision The Bureau of Citrus Budwood Registration will be diligent in providing high yielding, pathogen tested, quality budlines that will positively impact the productivity and prosperity of our citrus industry. Our Mission The Bureau of Citrus Budwood Registration administers a program to assist growers and nurserymen in producing citrus nursery trees that are believed to be horticulturally true to varietal type, productive, and free from certain recognizable bud-transmissible diseases detrimental to fruit production and tree longevity. Annual Report 2018 July 1, 2017 – June 30, 2018 Bureau of Citrus Budwood Registration Ben Rosson, Chief This is the 64th year of the Citrus Budwood Registration Program which began in Florida in 1953. Citrus budwood registration and certification programs are vital to having a healthy commercial citrus industry. Clean stock emerging from certification programs is the best way to avoid costly disease catastrophes in young plantings and their spread to older groves. Certification programs also restrict or prevent pathogens from quickly spreading within growing areas. Regulatory endeavors have better prospects of containing or eradicating new disease outbreaks if certification programs are in place to control germplasm movement. Budwood registration has the added benefit in allowing true-to-type budlines to be propagated. The selection of high quality cultivars for clonal propagation gives growers uniform plantings of high quality trees. The original mother stock selected for inclusion in the Florida budwood program is horticulturally evaluated for superior performance, either by researchers, growers or bureau staff. -
New and Noteworthy Citrus Varieties Presentation
New and Noteworthy Citrus Varieties Citrus species & Citrus Relatives Hundreds of varieties available. CITRON Citrus medica • The citron is believed to be one of the original kinds of citrus. • Trees are small and shrubby with an open growth habit. The new growth and flowers are flushed with purple and the trees are sensitive to frost. • Ethrog or Etrog citron is a variety of citron commonly used in the Jewish Feast of Tabernacles. The flesh is pale yellow and acidic, but not very juicy. The fruits hold well on the tree. The aromatic fruit is considerably larger than a lemon. • The yellow rind is glossy, thick and bumpy. Citron rind is traditionally candied for use in holiday fruitcake. Ethrog or Etrog citron CITRON Citrus medica • Buddha’s Hand or Fingered citron is a unique citrus grown mainly as a curiosity. The six to twelve inch fruits are apically split into a varying number of segments that are reminiscent of a human hand. • The rind is yellow and highly fragrant at maturity. The interior of the fruit is solid rind with no flesh or seeds. • Fingered citron fruits usually mature in late fall to early winter and hold moderately well on the tree, but not as well as other citron varieties. Buddha’s Hand or Fingered citron NAVEL ORANGES Citrus sinensis • ‘Washington navel orange’ is also known • ‘Lane Late Navel’ was the first of a as the Bahia. It was imported into the number of late maturing Australian United States in 1870. navel orange bud sport selections of Washington navel imported into • These exceptionally delicious, seedless, California. -
Minneola Tangelo1 Larry K
HS171 Minneola Tangelo1 Larry K. Jackson and Stephen H. Futch2 The Minneola tangelo (Figure 1) is a Duncan grapefruit The fruit is usually fairly large, typically 3 - 3½ inches in x Dancy tangerine hybrid released in 1931 by the United diameter. The peel color is quite good and at peak maturity States Department of Agriculture Horticultural Research achieves a bright reddish-orange color. The peel is relatively Station in Orlando. This tangelo (like other tangelo culti- thin, smooth, and tends to adhere to the internal fruit vars) is therefore 1/2 tangerine and 1/2 grapefruit. The fruit surface. Seed numbers are few, but variable, and range is quite handsome and a genuine pleasure to eat. from 0 up to perhaps as many as 15 seeds per fruit. Fruit produced on trees in solid plantings of Minneola are likely to be seedless (or nearly so), while trees in mixed plantings will typically have 7-12 seeds due to the influence of cross- pollination. Minneola is not strongly self-fruitful and yields will be greater when interplanted with suitable pollenizing cultivars such as Temple, Sunburst, or possibly Fallglo. The fruit matures in the December-February period and has found ready acceptance in the gift fruit trade because of its handsome appearance and excellent eating quality. These same qualities have made Minneola a popular dooryard tree as well. Tree Characteristics Minneola trees are quite vigorous, and given adequate room to develop, will make large trees. They tend to be fairly Figure 1. Minneola tangelo. Credits: UF/IFAS CREC cold-hardy, ranking just below its sister cultivar, Orlando.