HANDBO O K O F MARKS O N P OTTERY

AND P ORCELAIN M CM I LL N AN D CC . L I M I TE D A A ,

L ON D O N B OM B AY C A L C U TTA 0 MA D RAS M E L B O U R NE

THE M A C M I LL A N COM PA NY

N E W YO R K c B OS TO N 0 C H I CAG O D A L L AS S AN F RAN C I SCO

TH E M C M LL N CO . O F C N D LTD A I A A A A ,

TO RO N 'I O jib 9 v4 e h H A N D B O O K

MARKS O N PO TTERY

PO RCELAIN

W ! RU RTO N M A , . .

‘ THOR O F A H STO R A N D DESC R P T ON O F E NG L SH P O RC EL N H STOR A N D AU I Y I I I AI , A I Y ’ 0 DESC R P T ON O F E N G L S H E RTH ENW RE A N D STON E W R E I I I A A A , ‘ ’ P O RC EL N I TS M N F CT R E ETC . AI , A U A U ,

AND

B R A . H BS N . . L . O O ,

THO R OP THE G UI DE To AN D C T LOG ES O R THE P OTTE R AN D PO RCE L N AU , A A U , Y AI I N THE B R T SH M SE M PO RC ELA N O R ENT L CONT NENT L I I U U , I I A , I A , ’ A ND B R T SH ETC I I , .

MA M N A C O M T D ND . C I L L A , L I I E

ST M R T N’ T R T O N D O N . A I S S E E , L

I NTR O D U CTI O N

THE arden t col l ector e n e of Pottery or Porcelain , ve wh n he “ ” e e the e has long pass d his novitiat , constantly feels n ed of a reliabl e pock e t volum e containing the auth e ntic and indisputabl e “ ’” marks of the potte ry and porc elain of the best collectors im e p e riods . It has b ee n our a to supply such a volum in a h condensed and practical form . T e only marks given in this The e book are those which are b eyond dispute . arrang ment is e ffe e e e be e e g ographical , the di r nt sp cies of war ing s parat ly b e b ut b b e e treated wherever practica l ; , y ela orate indic s , r ady fe b e e e e e re rence has e n provid d to ach mark , as w ll as to ach

. e the factory In addition , a condens d account of important productions of every country prefaces each se ction of the The b ee e work . aim , throughout, has n to r nder the work as compl ete and self- contained as such a pocke t manual can be ; the e e though , in his study , coll ctor will naturally turn for full r f the e in ormation to important histori s or monographs , such h e b as t ose m ntion e d in the bi liography . It has b ee n assum e d that the coll e ctor is acquainted with the i e i S broad distinct ons of Simple Pott ry , Fa ence , toneware , The are e and Porcelain . te rms us d here i n a very d e finite way .

S IMPLE POTTERY includes all the forms of e arthenware m e e u z whether ad from whit or colo red clays, gla ed e e z with a transpar nt l ad gla e . E NCE e the e e e FAI includ s all forms of earth nwar , coat d - e u M i D ei with tin enam l , s ch as ajol ca, elft , and th r

relate d types . POTTERY MARKS

T W e th e i e e e S ONE A RE includ s hard , vitr fi d and imperm abl e e R e kinds of arthenwar , whether h nish , English , or

Ori e ntal . POR CEL AI NS are the translucent and (ge n erally) white

forms of pottery .

Th i the e porcela ns are classified in customary way, as

- - The - i e hard past e or soft paste . hard paste group nclud s such

- fi n e e G we ll de ed types as the Chines , Japanes , erman , and The - e modern Contin e ntal porcelains . soft paste grou p includ s al l the porce lains i n which th e fired body is distinctly softer h The - e e e than in t e former group . soft past porc lains compris e ffe e v e two distinct varieti s, which are of widely di r nt alu to e the coll ctor .

A The - i . soft paste glassy porcela ns (invaluable on account Of i e their quality and rar ty) , such as those mad at e e R e e e e e Flor nc (sixteenth century) , ou n (s v nt nth th e e e i century), and arly French and English porc la ns ( e ighte e nth century) Th - B . e soft bone paste porcelains , such as the English porc elains mad e i n th e l at e r e ighteenth and through o e ut the nin teenth century .

So much attention has been paid to marks that it may b e l e the e necessary to state c arly xact valu e of a mark . Other i e e e e th ngs being equal , a marked xampl of any p riod is mor e n B ut the e valuable than an unmark d o e . mark alon m ust not b e considered as the sol e criterion of e xc e ll e nce or e ve n ’ e market value . Unfortunately since factory or workm n s e b e t e e marks hav ecome general , q uite a larg propor ion of pi c s ee e e m e e have b n s nt out without any distinctiv ark , sp cially in b e o ne e e T ee th e the y g c nturi s . his has b n opportunity of “ ” e e is e forg r and fak r, and the reader arnestly warned to be e e e e The on his guard against th ir abominabl cl v rness . marks m f e in e which are ost di ficult to imitat , and are that r spect e e e e z most r liabl , are thos which occur und r the gla e ; as was e e th e b e ee D i the g n rally case fore the eight nth century . ur ng e ight ee nth c e ntury there was a gradual introduction of marks r c z i i painted , p inted, or sten illed over the gla e, and th s pract ce INTRODUCTION vii

e d h x has be n increasingly followe , wit some e ceptions, to the e pres nt day . The under -glaze marks are of two kinds (a) those stamp e d i e e T e or ncised in the body of the war whil it is still soft . hes are all m e perhaps the most reliable of arks, for once mad it is f e e . T e very di ficult to r move or alt r them hey may, howev r, be e e f ed bee b the so imp rf ctly orm , or have n so obliterate d y ze b e e ffi é M gla as to d ciphered with di culty. ( ) arks painted he z T h e t e . is t e m und r gla his ost important class of marks, o n O e e e n e e being found ri ntal porc lain , P rsia arthenwar , i e e e European fa nc , and n arly eve ry kind of European pottery D e . e and porc lain own to the end of the eighteenth c ntury, practically al l under-gla ze marks were i n blue (the most avail b it is in the e e a le colour) , and only nin teenth c ntury, as a rule,

- e z b e are . that und r gla e marks in lack , pink, or gre n found M ar d any of these later marks e printed and not painte . In the old e e e e i ma be all war s , wh re not oth rwis specified , t y

take n for grante d that the mark is painte d in blue . W the e - aze e e ith introduction of ov r gl , or nam l , colours and gilding in the e ight ee nth c e ntury w e get an increasing u se of The are marks in the sam e styl e . fact that these marks e z e e i e paint d over the gla e d tracts gr atly from the r valu , for are e e e reasons . Such marks asily add e d to any pi c of ‘ several e e b e e e e e pott ry or porcelain , as th y can fir d at a t mp ratur

that will not se riously i mpair the previous d e coration . Genuin e over- glaz e marks can b e readily remove d and a more e e b e e valuable mark substitut d , so that th y cannot r garded in th e mselves as be ing so safe and trust w orthy as those which

occur und e r the glaze . The e e f marks th mselv s consist of actory names, or trade are e the e marks as they call d nowadays, signatures of pott rs, e e e painters , or gild rs , with or without dat s and d scriptive n e e e the otes , plac d in som inconspicuous plac , occasionally in S e e b ut e e e e the e . d sign , g n rally und r the bas of piec om of ’ th e e afio rd e m them , especially early on s , precis infor ation as e e are to the origin of the piece on which th y occur, but oth rs ’ e e e are mer workmen s signs or patt rn marks, or numb rs which e Th e of littl e value unless supported by oth e r e videnc . viii POTTERY MARKS tendency of many Ol d factories (and some modern ones) to ’ w e borro each other s marks, or to adopt signs similar to thos in e e u e e e use at som mor famous works, is a so rc of ndl ss confusion w hich can only b e avoided by a knowledge of the a w res themselve s . The p eriod co vere d ext e nds roughly from the Middl e Age s 1 8 0 e e i m to 5 , though a s l ct on of certain modern arks has been i e e i Of e i u nclud d , esp c ally such wares as are alr ady find ng favo r No e b ee h with coll e ctors . att mpt has n mad e to reproduc e t e z th e i e h exact si e of ndividual marks, becaus of t e constant variations in si ze and form of the same paint e d mark on ffe e e e S e i di r nt pi c s . tamp d and wr tten nam es have b een e R e e e reproduc d in oman and Italic types resp ctiv ly, exc pt in those case s where striking individuality of script re n dere d a

e C e e . ne w u dir ct opy n c ssary Each factory; or gro p of factories , i is i The e i e as t occurs print e d in consp cuous type . dat s g v n e e e n b ut in for the Europ an ware s r quir no explanatio , the O e e e l b e e ri ntal s ctions, with which esp cia pains have en tak n , th e dates are those of th e actual sp e cimen from which the i T e e O e e e mark was cop ed . h s ri ntal marks cannot be r gard d as date - marks when th ey are m e re symbols or be n e vol ent expressions .

S l are M. pecia acknowledgments due to Papillon , the G e e M e Se e author of the uid to the C ramic us um at vr s , for permission to use his compl ete list o f Sevres Marks ; to M e . S. e Prof ssor E ors , for a similar courtesy with regard to his invaluable Catalogue of the Japan e se Pott ery in the Museum

Dr H . Re B US A. . . of Fine Arts, oston , to C ad , for a k H i Mr. e nu mber Of Or ental mar s ; to Arthur ayd n , for a numbe r of Cop e nhage n marks ; to the P oti ery G azette and l Mr Mr . S e s . to . E h ldon , for many Eng ish marks ; and to

H i i the e . obson , for ass sting in the comp lation of Indic s

W B . . R H . L . . C O NTE NTS

PAG ES I TA LI A N MA IOLI CA I -2 2

ITA LI A N POR CEL A I N 2 2 -2 4

G ER MA N POTTER Y

G ER MA N PORCELA I N

AUSTR I A HUNGA RY 4 0 -4 1

SCA ND I N AVI A

RU SSI A

SWI TZ ER L A N D

ALSA CE- LO R R AI N E

R ENC OTTER F H P Y .

F RENC H POR CELAI N

SPA I N AN D POR TUGA L

B R I TI S H POR CELA I N

BR ITISH POTTERY

AMER IC A

MODERN B RITI S H MA R KS X POTTE RY MARKS

PERSI A AND TH E N E A R EA ST

CH I NESE PORCELA I N

CH I NESE POTTER Y

J APA NESE POTTERY

J APA NESE POR CEL A I N

I ND EX OF NAMES I 9 3 - 1 9 9

I NDEX OF IN I TI A LS 2 0 1 - 2 0 4

I NDEX O F MA R K S OTH ER THA N N A MES OR I N I TIA LS 2 0 5 - 2 0 6

I NDEX O F OR I ENTA L MA R KS AND N AMES 2 0 7 - 2 1 0

I NDEX OF ADDI TI ONA L N A MES 2 1 1 -2 1 2

I ND EX OF A DD I TION A L I N ITI A LS

I ND EX OF A DD I TI ON A L MA R K S OTH ER THA N

N A MES AND I NITI A LS

I NDEX OF A DD I TI ON A L O R I ENTA L MA R KS AB B REVIATI ONS U SE D I N THI S W ORK

- h . e e p . hard past porc lain .

- s . e e . . p soft past porc lain

e . p . paint d

e . pr. print d

e inc . incis d .

e e e imp . impr ss d or stamp d .

e e st . st ncill d . WO R KS O F R EF E R E NC E CO NS ULTED

H s o and Desc o n Of F enc o ce a n . Au sc et E. S . A h , , i t ry ripti r h P r l i

Ma s o f Ame can P o e s . B a b e E . A. r r, , rk ri tt r d s n e M ssne P o z e an u n e e G e c c . Be n F . Das e s rli g , , i r r ll i hi ht

d u das m u Mus e u m fii r un Brin k mann . Fu e c a b sc es s und c , J , hr r r h h rgi h K t e G e werb .

n D sc o n o f En s a A H s o a d e o ce n . Bu o n W . rt , , i t ry ripti gli h P r l i H s o and Desc o n Of En s Ea t e n a e and o n a e A i t ry ripti gli h r h w r St e w r .

n s t. Vo l W. e e Ar . I I . o a and A M B us e S . C c b e useu m h ll, , hi Vi t ri l rt Handbo o k s ’

W Ma s and Mo no ams o n P o e and P o c e a n . hafiers . C , , rk gr tt ry r l i

C u c . H . The Cata o u e o f the Sc e b e Co ec o n . h r h , A , l g hr i r ll ti

English Earth enw are . n P E gli sh o rcel ain . I n se es o f c o a and b e Museu m H d ri Vi t ri Al rt an bo o k s . Ma Fo num C. D . o ca. rt , i li ’ D on u n aI d d l a Fo u ue . C b o étu e e cé am u e o en a e . q t, , tri ti r iq ri t l W u F an s Si r . . Ca a o e o f a Co ec o n Of Co n nen ta o ce a r k , A , t l g ll ti ti l P r l i n at B na Mu um th e eth l G reen se . a a o ue o f a Co ec on o f O en a P a n a d o e C t l g ll ti ri t l o rcel i n P tt ry . a anes P o e J p e tt ry . ’ - i k e u de d e l am G raess e aenn c G ateur d e o ce a nes et de o e es . J , i p r l i p t ri ’

H d H . La F aI enc a a e d e D e . v r , , lft H a den A Ro a Co en a en o ce a n. y , y l p h g P r l i Ho b so n R L The Ca a o u e o f En s P o e in th e B s Mus um . e . , . , t l g gli h tt ry riti h The a a o u e of En s P o ce a n in the B s Museu m C t l g gli h r l i riti h .

aennick e F. J , und ss der e am Gr ri K r ik.

D eutches S e nzeu Mettl acher Museum . t i g , l Th m t o f n e L . e Ce a c Ar G e a B a . J witt , , r i r t rit i P a o u e f h Mo o f. E . Cat o a s o e n t e Mu u f se . S a ne e i se m o Fi ne r , r , l g J p P tt ry

A B o s o n U. S A s . . . rt t , k M un en d n r b m h en e e b e -Mu s u m P azau re G . e es o d o h isc G e , , itt il g w r . n L man M. e S o ne a . So o . G e l , , r t w r A D Hi sto ry and escriptio n Of th e Old French FaI enc e . I TA L I A N M A I O L I CA

THE te rm MAIOLIC A is appli e d in th e se pag e s to the de corate d e e th e ee c e Italian pott ry mad from fift nth ntury onwards , thoug h it is ofte n us e d to e mbrac e c e rtain kinds of ware to which the iz zz - a r a e c e v . e a to e nam is not stri tly applicabl , m a m iolica , g fi war s,

th e e e - ze e e e e th e e e e and lat r l ad gla d , whit arth nwar s of ight nth e e e c e and nin t nth nturi e s .

MEZZ A - MA I OLI CA is th e nam e g ive n to a common buff e r e e e e C S e a th nwar , coat d with a wash of whit lay ( lip) , and paint d e e c e o f e e e in simpl , oft n rud tints g r n , blu , and purplish brown ,

e e ze It th e e e c . und r a thin colourl ss g la . was pr cursor of tru maioli a

G R TO e e zz - c a c AFFI A war is a m a maioli , with a substantial oating e e e c c of whit slip , which was d corat d by scrat hing or utting out a

e -c e c e th e f patt rn throug h this slip ov ring, so as to dis los bu f or re d e e — c u e e e e body b n ath olo rs , if us d at all, w r usually add d in — patche s or wash e s and in any cas e th e ware was finishe d with a e - T th e e e zz C c e ea ze . e l ar, straw olour d , l d g la his, lik paint d m a c e e e e e maioli a, was a v ry arly typ of product, which , how v r, has u e u s e th e e e th e e e contin d in , in north of Italy sp cially, to pr s nt t i m e .

’ M IOLI C e e b ufi e e e A A prop r was fashion d in a war , mor car fully e e e e e ezz - c c e pr par d and clos r in t xtur than m a maioli a, and is oat d e e e -e e e with a whit , opaqu lay r of tin nam l (inst ad of slip) , on which th e painte r laid his colours : th e late r and m o re d e li cat e ly painte d maiolica was finish e d with an additional thin coat of c olourl e ss

ze e e th e e c u e th e n e c e . gla , appli d ov r fir d olo rs , lik var ish ov r a pi tur Up to th e e ighte enth c e ntury on e firing suffi c e d for th e colours th e -e e u c e n b e e and tin nam l , and only s h pi g m ts could us d as The h . would stand t e full h e at of th e maiolica kiln marks , on

e e are e . war s of this p riod , almost always in blu 35 2 POTTERY MAR KS

h Early in t e e ightee nth c e ntury a new proc e ss was introduce d . Th e body and its tin - enam e l coating we re bake d and finishe d e th e e e th e e e o n first , th n d coration was appli d to fir d surfac in th e - ze c e e e c e l o w e g la olours , which w r fix d at a omparativ ly h at th e e e n e in nam lli g kiln . From this tim marks in various colours th e z on gla e b e cam e common . The most famous p eriod of tru e maioli c a was from about I 5 0 0 to I 5 6 0 wh e n th e typical d e coration c onsisted of pictorial subj e cts e e h Th copi d from ng raving s afte r t e g reat Italian paint e rs . e e a re e e e e e marks at this p riod oft n v ry laborat , and t ll us not only th e e th e ne th e e e b u t th e e nam of pai t r of pi c , bot ga or factory in h e e th e e th e e e m h e e e which work d , nam of mast r und r who s rv d , h He e th e e e e and t e titl e of his subj e ct . nc fr qu nt occurr nce of c e e e e e su h words ( som tim s in contract d form ) as bot ga, ma stro, e c e tc On h e e e . t vasaro (pott r) , pictor, fatto (mad ), f it , pinxit, e D th e lustre d war s of iruta and Gubbio mark is usually in lustre .

Mae stro Gi o rg io Andre oli of Gubbio (9 . 7L ) was fame d for his skill th e e e e e and h e e in production of lustr s, sp cially ruby lustr , t pott rs e me e e e e e G e e of oth r towns so tim s s nt th ir pi c s to ubbio , aft r th y ee e e b e e e e e had b n paint d and fir d , to mb llish d with lustr by ’ S c e e e G e G . iorgio u h pi c s b ar iorg io s mark in lustr , in addition h e h e e t e t e . to mark or signatur of orig inal paint r, which is in blu

I TA L I A N P O RC E LA I N

THE e e E e e c a e e e a re arli st urop an porc lain , of whi h m rk d xampl s w a s e e e e th e o a c known , mad at Flor nc und r patr n ge of Fran e sco M Me th e th e e e e aria di dici in last half of sixt nth c ntury, and is ” “ ” e “ Me e T Me c e e call d dici Porc lain . his dici por lain ow d its ce c th e e e I translu n e to g lass us d in its pr paration . t is among th e e e e e e e m e rar st of c ramic tr asur s , and an auth ntic sp ci n is N worth many tim e s its w eig ht in g old . othing more is h e ard of Italian porce lai n until about th e middl e of th e e i ghte e nth e e th e e e e c ntury, wh n rag for porc lain manufactur was at its h eight in Europ e . H o e th e e e e Me e e ard p rc lain in imitation of c l brat d iss n porc lain , e - e e e e e e e as w ll as soft past porc lain , was th n mad at V nic succe ssiv ly ITALIAN PORCELAI N 3

h zz ezz Hew e l c e the C . Th e e by V i , , and o i family mor famous porcelain mad e at D oc c ia ( I 7 3 7 onwards) w as a so ft paste d u ring th e e e th e c b u t e e e w arly y ars of fa tory, a hard past was mad aft r ards , th e e b e a th e c e C and sam may s id of royal fa tory , start d at apo e 1 e e e e N di Mont in 7 4 3 , and subs qu ntly transf rr d to apl e s . At T e e c a e re viso and Vinovo anoth r kind of porc lain , containing sili t e e fe w e th e e nd th e of mag n sia , was produc d for a y ars at of i ee e T e e o e e ce e g ht nth c ntury . his war has a y ll wish wax n app aran e S which is p e culiar to c rtain Italian and panish factori e s . T N M O — OR N CAFFAGGI OLO 4 I ALIA AI LICA FL E CE ,

M M T ON . D ES . D ESC . C T ON ARK RIP I ARK RIP I .

Gr afii ato War e

F . 1 60 G F . 5 PI G I VLI E A SFORZZ A

c 1 1 0 . 5 M . . 1 6 0 F c . 5

I H ANN E . NT N O S A O IU S. 1 67 6

L B ARNAB ‘ C H US ' and o th e r me mb e rs P APIZNSYS o f th e C u z io fam ily at Pavi a

1 7 3 4 l a 2 6 m ar z o P av i a

1 1 -2 0 Mai oli ca pr op er . 5 5 Tu s cany

I 5 00 -2 0

Caffaggiol o

Caffaggio l o

1 5 00 -2 0

N M —S N R ITALIA AI OLICA IE A , PESA O

M . M D ESC T ON . DES . C T O N ARK RIP I ARK RIP I .

Si ena

c . 1 5 1 0

' ' Fer di zza n do Mm i rz

' Ca m a m S en ese p C H 0 O ’’ ' a z zrzs 1 p e 7 3 3 .

P F . Campan i .

1 6 th c e n t u ry

Monte lupo

Pesaro

’ ’ ' ' D zpznta Gzov zn al e

1 5 4 2 Gi r o/( m md a [e Gabi ce Mad e i n the Lan franchi wo rk s ho p b M o m y o . G ir l a o o r G iro n im o I n P esa r o ( )

P esaro Al astr o Gzz‘ om m o Ea 1 ce n r 6th t . ly " I r1c 15 I P .

' Ter enczo jam? i n l a 1 5 2 0 - 3 0 T N M O — S R G B B I ALIA AI LICA PE A O, U I O

D E T O . SC N . M D ES C T ON . MARK RIP I ARK . RIP I

Gub b i o

' G io rgi o s m ark is so m e ti m e s aec o m an ied b a e ad a p y h , ' ase a m e c a n s v , r h t m a c et . rk ,

Gu bb i o

Sal imb ene G ub b i o , b ro the r o f Gi o rgi o

c 1 0 . 53

N Is suppo sed to c o nta i n the le tte rs I N a nd to b e th e V , m o no gram o f n o f V ince nc io . so G i o rgi o Mark s o f Maestro G i o rgi o And re o li wh o se d ated wo rk s range fro m I SO I - 4 I T N M O — G B B ST D R NT 8 I ALIA AI LICA U I O, CA EL U A E

D ES N M C T O . M . ARK . RIP I ARK

’ n fibzo 0 mam a I g 5 . ‘ d m aftr o [bra/l i n o

M as tr o S i mon a

m Castcl o D a m /e

c . 1 0 G . S . 5 3

i n s cro ll s

Hipol l i to R ombal don i ’ ’ a Ur ba n i a pzn se 1 6 4 7 ITALIAN MAI OLICA—U R B I NO

M D ESC T ON . . M . D ESC T ARK RIP I ARK RIP I ON .

Urb ino Urb ino

FATTO I N BOTEGA D E Mo O RATO FONTA NA

S O Z D . F R A . P .

' i Ur bzu o p i f ai l /e i n Ur é i no i n Fo ntana ’ éoteg a ae JV " Gu i do f ontrm a v asar o

Mr m o

' ' ' G u zao d u r a rztzu o I 5 3 5

’ ’ fi zs torza ITALIAN MAI OLICA—UR B I NO

N M M D ESC T O . . DESC T ON ARK , RIP I ARK RIP I .

Urbino

Va sa r o A more

P Si m o ne d i S Il vano Anto n i o M arian i

1 6 3 0 u nce rtai n G u i do

' Gi r o/l i mo Ur ozzz

’ f ea e 1 5 8 3 g i r o/1 !mo of for/10 5 0

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L . l G .

1 5 4 2 u ncertai n

' ' Ur bzm P a tr ma f eci t 1 5 8 4 Th e ’ I atanaz z i fam ily

~ 1 6 0 6

in a s hield

UR B I N I EX FI G L I NA FR ANC I SCI P ATANATI I

’ ’ v zzzcerzti o f a fa nafa z

c 1 . 5 4 0 E B . . T N M O — RB N D I ALIA AI LICA U I O, I RUTA I I

M D ESC T O N . . M . D ESC T O N ARK RIP I ARK RIP I . I

U bino ’' r F o o/Tod a z ’ fi l m a i fi l on s i u r R o l ef ' i n Ur ozn o 1 7 7 3

at Borg o San i tl a B r S e o c C o g o S . p l r o S e o cr o p l , 1 7 7 1

B a r Tera/I i R oman o

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" ' ' m i f ( f r ozrzi f . l u l om o Laf rer i I n Den t /a Aw DI RUTA T RB O I 2 ITALIAN MAI OLI C , VI E

D ESC T ON . MARK . RIP I MARK .

Di ruta

Fabri ano

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o n a Tibb o n

— I 4 ITALIAN MAI OLICA FAE NZA

M D ESC T O N . . MARK . RIP I ARK

Faenza Faenz a.

FATQ IN FA EN z A m CA XA P I ROTA

c 1 o . 5 3

1 c . 5 2 0 — ITALIAN MAI OLICA FAE NZA I 5

D E C T ON . M D Es R I M . S . C P TIO N ARK RIP I ARK .

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c 1 0 . 5 3

c 1 2 . 5 5 C as a Piro ta)

Mark o f

with the wo rd FA E NZ A 6 T N M O — N N 1 I ALIA AI LICA FAE ZA, VE ICE

M ON DE D ES T . M SC T ON . C ARK RIP I ARK . RIP I .

Faenz a

f a to i n f a i en ze i n

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i n R i mi no 1 5 3 5

1 4 85 - 90

' I n Veneti a i n Col r ada di S t“ P ol o i n boteg a ’ d z M 0 L u dov i co ITALIAN MAI OLICA— VE NICE 1 8 T N M O — R ON M N T R N I ALIA AI LICA VE A , ILA , U I

N D E T O . MARK . SC RIP I

Verona

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M AR M . . D ESC T ARK K RIP I O N.

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BaSSano

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c . 1 5 5 5

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Ear 8 n 1 ce . 7 ly th t 1 01i t C r ef/ ( mi flci t I 7 6 7 M . D ESCRIPTI ON . ARK MARK .

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M ark o f Chio d o 1 6 6 0 . 7 1 8th c en t .

a t i n al so o n pie c e d at ed 1 7 5 1 “m ” at en ) Banal- E

with s ig nat u re Ra o f A. tti

— 2 2 ITALIAN MAIOLICA AND P ORCELAI N FLOR E NCE

M M D ES T ON . D ES . C . C TIO N ARK RIP I ARK RIP .

Urb i no

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M o no gram s o f th e s ame

Castelli 2 3

D E M . S T M C O N . . D ES T N ARK RIP I ARK C RIP I O .

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M ARK . — ITALY AND G ERMANY AD D ITI ONAL 2 4 A

D ES T D S P T O N . M C O N E C . . MAR K . RI I ARK RIP I

Itali an mai oli ca German fai ence

G e o rg Le u b o l d ( Ham b u rg)

' fa bb n ca flag

1 8 th ce nt.

Ea 1 8 t n rly h ce t .

2 1 (See p . )

e n 1 9th c t .

G i us ti n i an i SC H RAM BERG

i n Wa r se/ta u

S c e c ' 6 Fra nke l hr k l -G P F , 2 7

163 9 . . I F G G P.

V o n L o e w e nfe ld t 2 13 G RM N HO ND ETC — D D T N 4 E A Y, LLA , A I I O AL

M M . . D ES T O N ARK ARK C RIP I .

(See P 3 5 )

Ho chs t ' pai nter s i n iti al s

Hamb ur g

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S chl esw i g

D a e 1 8 P . ft r 7 6

5 0 1 0 5 S al zb urg u r 1 7 9 6 a ! t O d es oe y f. l l 0 l o [Jes é

Mag d eb u rg G U I SH AR D Ea 1 th c e n SH UI C H AR D rly o t .

Cl "6 Pr u s si a

T n D . n i er s i n v en t e .

I .

Ho rn D oc tor G r a v er : ‘ f aj/ a n ce f aor i q u e

Ho frat Erre nre ich

1 c . 7 6 0

' ju n x i t 1 7 1 9 G E R M A N P O T T ERY

A N UMBER of potte rs in Ge rmany and Swit ze rland from the sixte e nth c e ntury onwards w e re e ngag e d in the manufac ture of e e e - e n e e e e laborat stov til s, usually or am nt d with r li fs in sunk e e ze e e pan ls and colour d with slips, g la s , and tin nam l ; brown , e w e e e ma an e s e e e e e th e c y llo , g r n , blu , g purpl , and whit w r prin ipal e The c e - ze i e c e e th e colours us d . manufa tur of tin g la d fa n aft r Italian and Dutch styl e s was common in most parts of G e rmany in th e s e ve nt ee nth and e ight e e nth c e nturi e s and a c e rtain amount o f slip -d e corat e d and g rafii ato e arth e nware was mad e in Sou th

‘ G e rm Ge e e S ch afi h au s e n any , at nn p in Lux mbourg , and at in S z h e e ee c e e a t . wit rl nd , in i ght nth ntury I n th e Rhe nish province s a large ston e ware industry d e ve lope d the e e ce S e R e e C e e c e in sixt nth ntury at i g burg , a r n , olog n , Fr h n , e e e e th e o c e e G e z and ls wh r , and during two f llowing nturi s at r n Th e c R e e e e hause n in Nassau . typi al h nish ston war vari s from e e e e e e whit to fr ckl d brown , and is ornam nt d with pan ls in low e e e e w e e r li f mad in moulds and appli d , as ll as with stamp d and c e e th e e ze e e in is d d coration war was g la d with salt , and som tim s coloure d with patch e s of cobalt blu e and m ag ane s e purple . Th e c utting of moulds for th e re li e fs was an important bran c h of this o th e a re e o f th e o u - e industry , and m st of marks thos m ld cutt rs, h a B e e e and appe ar in re li e f in t e p n els . ottl s with a b ard d mark th e e c B e e G e e a re th e on n k , known as llarmin s or r yb ards, R e The e r e e c e e e . common st sp im ns of h nish ston war tall , tap ing tankards of white S i egburg w are are among th e be st exampl e s of c e e e e Kreu ss en e this lass . Anoth r vari ty, mad chi fly at , is h avily e painte d in e nam l colours . 2 6 G E RMAN PORCELAI N

G E R M A N P O RC E L A I N

e - e e e th e e THE s e cret of tru or hard past porc lain , aft r mann r of D th e C e e c v e e 1 0 e e . . hin s , was dis o r d about 7 7 at r sd n by J F h I I B o e c e t e e . ttg r, an al h mist , in mploy of Aug ustus of Poland, S He e e o u th e e e th e El e ctor of axony . discov r d ab t sam tim fi ne re d e e B o e m ethod of making a ston war , now known as ttg r T e e re d c e . e e war , but call d by him por lain his war was finish d th e h e e c ze by polishing on lat , or cov ring with a bla k g la and ’ e e e B o e e nri ching with g old and silv r ornam nt or ng raving . ttg r e c e e e e e 1 1 0 Me e e e he and his s r ts w r transf rr d in 7 to iss n , wh r start e d th e c e l ebrat e d Me iss e n porce lain factory und e r strict Th e e e e c b e e e e c e . surv illan proc ss, how v r, ould not k pt hidd n , and e s c ape d workm e n carri e d th e s e c re t first to Vi e nna and c e o ne afte rw ards to all parts of G e rmany . Fa tori s sprung up in e e u e th e e the e principality aft r anoth r nd r prot ction of ruling hous s, w h o vi e d with e ach oth e r during th e e ight e e nth c e ntury in th e th e e produ c tion of tru e porce lain . All G rman porc e lain is hard e v e e c th e c e th e e past , arying in fin n ss ac ording to sour s of porc lain Th Au e c . e e e e S lay fin st mat rial was obtain d from in axony, and a c oars e r e arth min e d n e ar Passau prod u c e d th e g re ye r and infe rior ware s made in th e Thuring ian fac tori e s at th e end of th e e ee e u c e i g ht nth c nt ry . Each fa tory had its distinctiv mark e e e th e ze th e usually paint d in blu und r g la , thoug h among minor c e c e th e T e e w as fa tori s, parti ularly thos of huring ian district, th r a te nd e ncy to u s e marks suspi c iously similar to th e Me iss en c rosse d ' Th e e m e e o n o r swords . latt r mark is so tim s found with e two c uts a c ross it : this signifi e s that th e ware was faulty and rej e ct e d th e Me e e c e by iss n factory as unfit for d oration , and any ornam nt on pi e c e s so marke d must have b e e n adde d e lsewh e re .

R M N STON W R — R R N GR N H S N 2 8 G E A E A E AE E , E Z AU E

D S T ON M M . E C . ARK RIP I ARK .

M I S9 7

M el s io r

H onck eb o u r

B L H o/z-r 1 8 ce n K th t .

f ol i o /m es H o/zr 1 7 9 0

G renzh au sen m od e rn

W Il l ens

Bou fii ou x

7 Pie rre M o rfroy

J ean Riffle t

J ean Be rtrand E 7 71s t Raeren J e an All ers

M L . . E .

M J W C

G EO RGIUS VEST 2 9

D E SC T O N . M . D ES C T ON RIP I ARK RIP I .

Nu remb erg

C S EST E A PAR V G . F . G R ENE R

’ C l zzer 1 7 2 3

J o/I aI m S eoa l t F ran ANS CHRI STOPH VEST

A D A M S CHARF

S feo/zer

- 6 6 a d e o 1011 2 SCHAP E R 1 5 co rat r

S cha pe r

IV /zmi d 2 . S c 1 7 2

HE RR CHRI STOPH “ 1 7 1 2 MARX

JOHANN C O NRA DT ROMEDI

Memming en

c . I 5 6 0

Ko rd enb usch

B . K .

G . K . 0 G R M N N — NS H B R TH G NN P 3 E A FAIE CE A BAC , AY EU , E E

M M . . N ARK D ESCR IPTI O . ARK

A NTO N I O C AR D I NA L A”s at/i p G E RR IT L ONNE

P ETE R M ENTEN

nam e s and i n iti als o f po t ters ’ Ar nstad o F l i e el G. P i fl x i / F . g A r zzs tadt 1 7 7 5

' ‘ P i efer H ezc/zens f eci z i n B or l ot 1 7 7 7

1 8 th c ent .

y OgQ In y e

1 7 2 8 -3 5 M ar k s o f ch in er Zes g , w h o so m e tim e s s igns h is fu l l name

K noller ( 1 7 2 0 -4 0 )

Nu rembe rg

n 1 7 th c e t.

n ear Asch affe n 8 2 N B E N D S b e c . 1 A NTO IU S R AR U rg , 5 VON VEHLE N

P M W/‘ZL — G RM N FAi ENCE R N NTH H N 1 E A F A KE AL, A AU , KIEL 3

D ESC T O N. D ESC T ON RIP I RIP I .

H am mes andimtials

e n 1 8 th c t .

6 6 1 -1 80 f ( 1 5 ) o f 72 C H Ba lly ( 1 6 8 0 -9 0 )

V an Al phe n

Hanan 2 G RM N FATENCE— RN ORD STR S ND 3 E A ECKE F E , AL U

M D ESC T ON ARK . RIP I .

Hadensee

S trals u n d

Stral sund D ES C T O N. M . D RIP I ARK ESC RIPTI O N .

Mei ss en Mei s s en

Mark s i nc i sed o n ' C ad uc eus B o tt e r s g m a o e rk , pr p rly a es w r the ro d o f I 7 0 7 ‘ 1 7 1 9 i Es c ul a Ius p . in b e p . l u a nd pu rpl e I 7 Q 7 ‘ 3 S

Cypher o f Au u u s I I o f g s t . o and E ec o P l , l t r o f Sax o n y. i n b u e p . l ( 1 pu rpl e 1 7 2 5 -4 0

K o sel m a rk s aid to have b ee n o nly pl ac e d o n wa re s m ad e fo r th e Co u n tess o f o se m s es s K l . i tr

o f Au gu stus I I . I m itati o n C hi nese and J apane se An e arly m ark i n m ark s o n ' go ld M e i sse n po rc elai n ea 1 8 th c ent rly . f I n an o nam e n a in b ue C em e E ru st Kei l . r t p . l g l l m ' 6 e scu c e o n Il ei ssen I . t h

The c ro s s s wo rd s fro m th e Arm s o f Sax o ny u sed fro m 1 7 2 5 nw a d s o r . i n b u e p . l , a e i n o d r r ly g l . pu rple o r red

( I nc i sed m ark o n po rce l a i n i n the ro y al c o ll ec tio n at D re s d e n ) — 3 4 G E RMAN P ORCELAI N MEISSE N

M D ESC T ON . D E S T M . . C O N ARK RIP I ARK RIP I .

Mei s s en Mei s sen

.s ndk w

’ ' t a wt ’ et é c i l a w ei ssé u a n e s namc . j La e/ze feci t p i t r 1 7 5 0

6 G RM N OR N— H HST RST NB RG 3 E A P CELAI OC , FU E E

M M . . DES T O T C N D ESC ON . ARK RIP I . ARK RIP I

Hoch st

in b u e p . l

ose Schne de r J ph i r F ank e nth al .

im . i n ac p p . lil

V o n Recu m

C 8 0 . 1 0

in b ue p . l

Arm s o f Bav aria im p .

in b ue p . l

Pau l Hanno ng

0114 17 71” D ES T ON M . M . C . DESC T ON ARK RI P I ARK RIP I .

‘ H z er k amer C. . S l b

Sce ptre o f Elec to r o f Brand e nb u rg - a 1 7 6 1 8 : Ar ms o f B v ari a . 3 3 7

d o ts an . 1 8 in b l ue with . p . j 3 7 in b ue p . l

Nam e o f an artIst .

in l ac p . il

1 83 4 -1 8 4 4

Fro m 1 87 0

Fro m 1 8 8 2 . Se ge r Po rze llan G ER MAN POR CELAIN— THUR I NGIA

MARK .

0 1 8 . 7 3

Limb ac h

F ac to ry o f Gr osb re n h it e b ac , da tes fro m 1 7 7 9 to esen t a G r u be r pr d y.

inc .

G o th a o r G era

1 7 8 8 -9 2 G RM N OR N—TH R NG BOH M E A P CELAI U I IA , E IA 3 9

D ESC N MARK . RIPTI O .

nd He s se Lippe a . o r s am ed p . t p

Ge a r 1 79 3 o nward s

1 o c . 7 8 b u e p . III l

o a Cf . G th

Sitzerode — 4 0 B OH EMIA AU STR IA - H UNGARY

MARK .

K l entsc/z

II ARDMUTH — AUSTR IA - H U NGARY MISCELLANE OUS 4 1

M M , K. D ESCR T O N ARK AR IP I .

REINTHAL

'

I . R.

Fo in E . t g e r

( 6 3 1, Auspi tz

Fr ai n late 1 8 th ce nt

H & C°

Mark o n mod e rn I talian maj o li ca " 2 D NM R R N ETC — DD T ON 4 E A K , F A CE , A I I AL

R D ES T MA . D ESC T ON. C ON K RIP I RIP I .

Copenh ag en pa te nt : o n En e r e t Dan i s h porcelain l o r c e l ai n au fec p Anto n Carl Lu pl au m o d e e ll r .

O nd u a n e r p , p i t r I 7 7 9 - 87

And reas Hald

m o del l e r ( 1 7 8 1 -97 ) J arry at Aprey [1 6 7

C HOI S Y

Pa illart and Hau ti n 1 8 2 4 -3 6

Hans Mee hl Ch an tilly m o d e e c 1 1 l r . 7 o c l 9 h . p . p r e l a i n

ensen a n e J , p i t r P Po tte r c 1 8 2 0 . a 1 l te 8 th cent.

L n be a n e y g , p i t r

c . 1 8 o a s 1 th cent. 3 P ri , 9 P 7 6

OII m o d e rn c opi es o f ea a es rly w r .

4 4 POTTE RY MAR KS

English earth enware s inve nted in Staffordshire at th e e nd of th e e ighte e nth c e ntury . A re d ung laze d ware afte r th e mann e r of th e Chin e se bu c caro was made in Holland by d e Mild e and d e Cal v e e arly in th e e ighte e nth cen t ury . A fe w hard - paste porce lain fac to rIe s w e re e stablish e d in Holland nd B e h e e nd the e e e e a lg ium towards t of ight nth c ntury, and an c e - e e e th e e important manufa tur of soft past porc lain , aft r Fr nch

- e T 1 0 1 . fashion , flourish d at ournay from 7 5 7 99 Th c e e Herreb Oe R o r e prin ipal Scandinavian pott ri e s wer at , Tin-e e e s c S M e e . trand (a distri t of tockholm) , and at ari b rg nam ll d

’ i e c e e th e D e th e c e fa n aft r fashion of lft was hi f product , thoug h 1 Th e p o rc elain also was mad e at Mari e be rg for som e ye ars .

- e e C e e a e 1 2 hard past porc lain of op nhag n was first m d in 7 7 , and th e fa ctory holds an imp 0rtant position for its artisti c ware s at th e _ e e e I t ee e e e th e e p r s nt tim . had b n pr c d d by manufactur of soft

e e e c are e e . p ast , xampl s of whi h v ry rar Russian porce lain was mad e principally at th e Royal factory M St. e e G e : in P t rsburg , and by ardn r and Popoff in oscow hard

e e th e e Me e n e ce . past , aft r mann r of iss , was mad at both pla s

S e - e - e -e e e i e c e e e e tov til s, slip war s , and tin nam ll d fa n w r produc d i n conside rabl e quantity in Switze rland in th e s e ve ntee nth and e ee e e e W e Z Sc e ight nth c nturi s, chi fly at int rthur, urich , haffhaus n a nd e e Z N n e porc lain works flourish d at urich and yon , maki g chi fly h - e e n e e e ard past porc lai , though soft past was tri d for a tim at Z urich . I n Alsac e -Lorraine th e prin c ipal factori e s w e re those of Strass

'’ H e N e e e e i e e burg , ag nau , and id rvill r wh r good fa nc and hard e c e e e e th e e e e c Th e past por lain w r mad in ight nth entury . S trassburg fai e n c e is n o t e d fo r its rococo forms and its e nam ell e d d e e e th e e e coration r s mbling painting on porce lain . Fin e arth n e e - o e e e e e Niderv il l er war and t rra c ttas w r mad at Lun vill and at , t h e e e e C fflé th e e e fig ur s and g roups mod ll d by y at form r plac , e e th e e e n c e e e and L mir at latt r b i g justly l brat d .

1 The facto ry at Ro rstrand h as fo r m any years pro d uced m any v arie ties o f o ce a n ea n e d - - e a an s o e es . t n c p r l i , rth w r , t v til I s prese t d ay po r elai n is wo rthy f o no te . HO ND—D T LLA ELF 4 5

M D E T N M . SC O . . D ES C T ON ARK RIP I ARK RIP I .

Gillis d e K o ni ng 1 7 2 1

Tho m as Spaan d o nc 1 k . 7 64

J ac o b u s Hald e r And riaens z

Pi e te r van de n B e 1 ri l , 7 5 9 W id o w v an d e n Th e C aw V l W DB Brie l

Th e Four Roman Heroes Mathijs Boe nd e r 1 7 1 3 CV S Th e Stag

He nd rIck v an

M dde d 1 6 i l ijk , 7 4

E w Lambe rt us van Be n n 1 6 1 ho r . 9 HOLLAND— DELFT

E M D SC T ON . . MARK . RIP I ARK

Th e P orcel ai n

d en H ou 1 6 k , 5 9

J o hannes Harl e es 1 7 7 0

J ac ob u s K o o l 1 6 7 6

G eertru y Ve s e e 1 6 r t ll , 7 4

J o h annes v an D u n 1 6 y , 7 4

I m itatio ns o f Chi nese m ark s

J aco b u s d e M il d e I 7 S9

Pe tru s van P I : RVf M M a u m 1 r , 7 5 9 Th e P orcel ai n

Ren e He 1 6 i r y , 97

J o hannes van d er J u stus B rou w er o o ans z 1 6 Kl t J , 7 4 1 7 5 9 HOLLAND— D T ELF 4 7 M . DESC T O N ARK . M RIP I ARK . D ESC T ON RIP I .

( k S f cn n e

The Thre e Bell s

van d er

Do e s 1 6 , 7 4

Th e Thr ee P or cel ai n Bottl es Jac o b u s Pynac k er 1 6 7 2

H u go Bro u we r 1 7 64

Th e Ew er

L o r La m el b a n Ka n. ( P p ) fl u x . fo u nd e d b y G e rrit B o u e 1 r w r , 7 5 9

Abraham v an d er ( Wfie e f k ee 1 8 0 K l . 7 HOLLAND— D ELFT

M D ESC T ON . ARK . RIP I

Mi sc el l aneo u s

Th o m as J ans z 1 5 90 1 6 1 1

L am b rech t Gh isb rec h ts 1 6 , 4 0

I s aac k J un i u s 1 6 4 0

Q . Al d ers z Kl ei no ve n 1 6 j , 5 5 — IHOLLANTL DELF T 4 9

M D ESC T ON. D ES T O N C . ARK . RIP I RIP I

Sixtiu s van d e r

Sand 1 0 , 7 5

B l k M . c o Flyt. y 1 669

Ari! Jans z v an d er Mee 1 6 1 r , 7 G A AU

L u c as P ie ters z

v n es se 1 6 a K l , 7 5

D irc k J an s z y an c e 1 6 S hi , 7 9

Pau l us van d e r m 1 2 Stroo , 7 5

Ad ri ae n P nac k e r 1 6 0 y , 9

Pi e te r Po u lis se 1 6 90

J o hannes van d e r al 1 6 1 W , 9 e Vizeer 1 2 Pi t . 7 5

C o r ne li s W itse nb u r 1 6 6 g , 9

a n J . B a A so c . 1 6 8 . . ( l ’ 9 Ah AB in m o no gram fo r A B ou e . C . r w r I 699 ) — 5 0 H OLLAND AND B ELGIUM P ORCELAIN

D ES C T ON M . . D ESC T O N RIP I ARK RIP I .

c 1 2 -1 . 7 7 7 8 2

Amste d am - [0 m r A o[afmt do 1 8 1 0

h . p .

a n e d o n m b ue an P i t ly p . l d at R o tte rd am

t rQ J flof e a/ m.

11817.

in p . re d

in b ue p . l

D A. ar eube r , To u na ai enc e d irec to r r y f

2 NORIVAY SW D N AND D NM R — I N 5 , E E , E A K FA E CE

M ARK . — SWEDEN AND R U SSIA PORCELAI N 5 3

M M . D ES T O N . . D ES O ARK C RIP I ARK C RIPTI N .

Pau l ( 1 7 96 - 1 80 1 )

KIEBZ

Baranow k a G ard ner 73a m »: k a i n V o l hy nia

o c e a n h . P r l i , p in s e a p . pi r I n re d p . — 5 4 R U SSIA SWITZE R LAND POR CELAI N POTTE RY

M D E T N M . D E SC O . SC T N O . ARK . RIP I ARK RIP I

n onOBb I Hans He i n ri c h G a 1 6 6 2 r f ,

Ehrh ard t

M I T. H E A. . . to e e m a e s . . (S v til k r ) 1 64 7 G I “er ryAI/IHA 53

Bro th e rs D a n i el H af n er n l ff K o r i o , S l eck éor n e e sb u S t . P t r rg ' O HMAOBhIXb 1 8 2 7 K E I . E n n 1 2 P . F . r ti g , 7 7

R 1 0 H . . K . 7 5

Neuch atel S i m on jea n R ena u d

eci t 1 6 f , 7 9

L a i r i 1 60 2

Mezer

th c en Early 1 9 t .

L 1 6 2 . P . 0

' H ei m ' zc/z S tadl er

1 6 6 D . P . 3 D David Su l ze r . s .

P Ab a am au A' ' 1 6 86 r h Pf H a ns Ul r i c/z Heg rzer

I 2 i natu re s c h ie fi a ms (16 05 D A K E R 7 4 A . B . 1 6 8 S H . 3 ( g , y / o n s t o v e til es )

' ' H ofi na m z p zn x zt

H P Z . . ORR N — OTT L AI E P E RY PORCELAI N 5 5

D ESC T N O . M RIP I . D ESC T O N ARK RIP I .

Str as sb urg and Hagenau J o s eph Hanno ng o ce a n h P r l i , . p . 6 0 - 1 7 8 0 . P o e s dorf ( pp l in b ue p . l nea r B o nn 1 8 ce n th t. M W e s se . l )

' S ch aflh ausen

c 1 . 7 95 Slip ware

S as s b u 0 I 7 4 3 tr rg F ai e nc e Zuri ch po rcelai n Ni derw i ll ( 1 7 6 3 - 1 7 9 1 ) er

' 5 . . a t s p fir t B eyerl é ; faIe nc e a e a d s h ft rw r . p . 1 7 5 4 ; po rcel ai n in b e . u h . 1 6 p l p . 7 5 Nyon 1 8 1 - 8 1 7 1 3 C o m te d e C u s tine A m f th e r s o t o wn 1 7 80 - 1 8 0 1 i n b u e p . l

D D o r tu

I 7 8 9 G d e a n e i , p i t r

C l au d e Franco i s P flu er e es g fr r L a nfre y ,

Co . m ana e to 1 8 0 1 g r , and pro prie to r Stras sb urg to 1 8 2 7 C h . Har mo n g N I D E RV I I J J ZR 1 8th c e nt . 1 - ( 7 1 0 3 9 ) ' Le m e m o d e e Le Al zre Ai m! ir , ll r Fai e nce and po rc el ai n s i nc e 1 79 4 - H . 1 2 1 . p 7 5 5 .

' in b u e ’ p . l N i aer wzl l er Lunevi ll e ( 1 7 3 1 o nward s ) ’ fflé m o d e e Cy , ll r 6 1 8 0 ‘ b . 1 2 0 1 P au l Hanno ng 7 4 po tt e ry DESC T ON . M M . T ON ARK . RIP I ARK D ESC RIP I .

Lunevi ll e

Utzs c h ne id er

L UNEVI LL E F RA NC E

IT e e e e e e th e e e e “ H I is not y t definit ly s ttl d wh r c l brat d enri I . ” e e e ee e ware was made . Form rly it was suppos d to hav b n mad at th e C e O e T e e e astl of iron , n ar houars , but it is now mor g n rally

e th e e e S - e T assig n d to n ig hbouring villag of aint Porchair . his I t fi ne ze e e a e e e e e . e war is v ry rar and r markabl is a , g la d arth nw r t e e e e e of ivory colour, with s amp d patt rns , lik thos on cont mporary - e C c c e book binding s, inlaid with dark r lays , and o asionally touch d Th e e are e e e e with colour. shap s car fully and laborat ly mould d h h e H t e e ce the t e e I I . and occurr n of royal arms , and cyph rs of nri n h e c h e e a d D ian e d e Poiti e rs atte st t e royal appr iation of t war . Common e r l e ad -g laze d earth e nware s we re mad e from early tim e s B e th e e S e e are at auvais , and in n ig hbourhood of aint s, but th y e e No r an e e e e rar ly mark d . has y mark d xampl of undisput d B e th e e e e ee n . Palissy war b found rnard Palissy, most r nown d e e 1 1 0 e S n e of Fr nch pott rs , was born about 5 n ar ai t s , and by e xtraordinary pati e nc e and all - sac rific ing industry succe ed e d in making th e pe culiar type of pott e ry assoc iat e d fore ve r with his e I t fine e e e e - ze o e nam . is a d ns pott ry with rich l ad g la m ttl d or e e e e e e : th e e e splash d with blu , g r n , purpl , and y llow most of pi c s are e e e e e e th e C a e c nrich d with r li f d sig ns , but p rhaps most h ract risti are th e c e e e z e e rustic dish e s with ac urat ly mould d sh lls, li ards , ls , and aquati c c reature s in re li e f and coloure d afte r nature . Palissy 1 2 His c e is said to have di e d in th e B astill e about 5 9 . sons ontinu d th e e e e e e e a e work, and among his oth r follow rs w r s v r l pott rs at e e e B e e d e B l é m o nt Avon , n ar Fontain bl au , including arth l my , to

m th e B B e . w e who mark ( p . 5 9 ) is attribut d Palissy ar has ee e e e 1 8 0 e c b n fr qu ntly copi d , Pull of Paris , about 5 , b ing parti ularly u e s cc ssful in this work .

I n th e s e vente enth and e ighte e nth c e nturi e s th e Fre n ch potters .

‘ ‘ - e e i e c e d evoted th emselve s to th e manufacture of tin e nam ll d fa n , 5 7 5 8 POTTERY MARKS

n e D first i imitation of Italian maiolica, and aft rwards of utch e Th e ce e e e e e e e th e e d lft . pro ss s mploy d w r ss ntially sam as e e e I e th e e thos d e scrib d on pag in conn ction with Italian war . Inde e d th e art was introduc e d into th e south of Franc e by Italian e th e e n d th e e e e th e e a e o f pott rs at of sixt nth c ntury, and rly war s N e e are e e th e Lyons and v rs pur ly Italian in styl . Among many

' forms of d e c oration adopte d o n Fre n ch fa Ie n ce fi ve distin c t s chools Th e 2 The e are obse rvabl e Italian . ( ) P rsian styl e adopte d at Ne ve rs for a short p e riod in the s eve nte e nth c e ntury ; it consist e d e e ee ue n Th e R e of whit floral ornam nt on a d p bl g rou d . ( 3 ) ou n c e e th e u s e e e an d school , haract ris d first by of scallop d bord rs e e e e c e and e mbroid ry patt rns, r alling lac work , aft rwards by a c e e o c co the e t e ommon r d corati n , in whi h a cornu pia is c n ral motiv . D e e e e C e e f e inte rl ac in s e ( 4 ) licat arab squ s with hin s igur s and g , aft r th e e B e e M e e th e e ee d signs of rain , adopt d at ousti rs arly in ight nth e e e e e c entury . ( 5 ) Enam ll d bouqu ts of flow rs and landscap s in - e e e e th e n e th e e e scroll dg d pan ls, aft r ma n r of porc lain paint rs, c e S e e e e M e e introdu d at trassburg , and larg ly d v lop d at ars ill s and

e e c e u 1 8 0 e - e ls ewh ere in th e e i ght nth nt ry. About 7 cr am colour and oth e r Eng lish forms of fi ne e arthe nware thre at en e d to oust

'’ th e n faI ence e e e e e h ational , and att mpts w r mad to produc t e e e e e n D C e Th e Eng lish typ s of arth nwar , otably at ouai and r il . ’ e ie e are e e e marks on Fr nch fa nc mostly paint d in blu , som tim e s in colours .

F RE NC H P O RC E LA I N

R N E h - e th e e nd o f F A C was t e hom e of soft past e porc lain . At th e e e e e e e e e s v nt nth c ntury this war was succ ssfully mad , first at R e e St C few e e e ou n , th n at . loud , and a y ars lat r it was mad at

e Me e a n d C n . The e e e Lill , nn cy, ha tilly p rf ction of soft past was e e c e e Se e e e e th e e 1 0 - 0 r ach d at Vin nn s and vr s b tw n y ars 7 4 7 . Th e tru e soft - past e l arg e ly consists of a glassy composition or frit mixe d with san d and marl or pip e -clay and oth e r ing re di ents and is c o ate d with a luscious l ead -g laze of c reamy e Th e e e e b e ton . body is t nd r nough to e asily scratch ed with a e e th e a ze th e e e e st l point , and g l is so soft that nam ls paint d upon it sink in and b e com e incorporate d in th e mode rat e h eat of th e

6 0 R N H I N — ONS N RS RO N F E C FA E CE LY , EVE , UE

M . D ESC T ON . ARK RIP I MARK .

' Comb e s pottery c 1 0 . 7 4

H B o ne . r

D eni s Le feb vre 1 6 3 6

P e tr a:

R et ro! B . 1 C . 7 5 3

J ac qu es Se ig ne

' 1 2 6 ' 7 P i er r e I l l a r ze IWorz i s g c 1 0 . 7 5

And o th e rs in B ondi rzo 8 h c e n 1 t t .

9 N i col as V Io d e c 1 o o . 7

Bo u a d J . l r — FR ENCH FAIENCE ROUEN 6 I

D D E SC T ON M ESC T ON . RIP I . ARK . RIP I

Rou en

Omo nz

Borne m rt

Anne 113 8

3 6 C au de Bo rne o 17 l e Vav asseu r

' 0 I 6 MAHQ Z . 7 S

I 7 4 3 -94 ' ' 6 2 FR E NC H FAIENCE— ROUE N R N H O D S N N 6 F E C CL U , I CE Y, LILLE 3

DES N M C T O . . D ESC T ON RIP I ARK RIP I .

St . Cl oud

1 0 - 1 8 0 1 6 0 o 7 9 0. 5 0 . 7 nward s

T i nitia l o f Trou J . Bou sse m art c . 1 7 1 0 ( 1 7 2 9 1 8 0 2 )

' Pai nter s mark

Do re z

Be rtrand

J oseph Bed e au D OREZ

Lille

Pi erre J eanno t

Mal riat Le febvre et Pc tit L . é

G hail 6 R N H N — N NN S MO ST RS 4 F E C FAIE CE VALE CIE E , U IE

M . D ESC T O N . M . D ESC T ON ARK RIP I ARK RIP I .

Val enci ennes

z ' ' F L . D o e v zz ' a Al oustzers r G . j f '

Ea 8th cen . rly 1 t c/zez CMrzssy 1 7 1 1

V ' F Pi card s facto ry c 1 6 . 75

G . . V F .

M c A 1 7 5 6

Fe rrau d

QfO II l LCL Pa inter T1 8 1 5 ( ”15 11 01 21121

1 66 9 -1 85 4

C R O S — FR ENCH FAIENCE MOUSTIERS 6 5

D E T N M M . SC O . . D ES C T O N ARK RIP I ARK RIP I .

G aze G . fo r

Mar seil l es

A Clé riss 1 6 y, 9 7

Ferraud

h c e n Late 1 8 t t . Ac hard

Fournie r

Anto i ne Bo nne fo y

auc ez J . F hi

C I t“ J acq ues Bo re lli ) 1 ( see p . 2 ) 1 7 8 1 6 6 R N H N —MONT B N RO H F E C FAIE CE AU A , LA C ELLE

M D E . D E M SC T ON . SC T N ARK . RIP I ARK RIP I O .

D e s ad e . L tr

L api erre

P o uh et Co li n o r Ch au x

1 7 3 6

c o n c . 1 2 Pi h , 7 5

Manu factur L a Ro c h e lle Du e c . 1 0 pr , 7 4

1 7 4 0 - 5 6

La u r en s B asso

A To u l ous e:

N S MES 1 8 1 I , 5 Nimes

N —ST M R N D S R 6 8 R N H . O R O S D F E C FAIE CE E , V , E V E , OUAI

M D ESC T ON . D ESC T ON RIP I . ARK RIP I .

D O UAI 1 7 8 0 - 1 8 2 0

Prudh o mm e

D . C .

P Vr o n

H ALSFORT

DeSw eS B LOND EL F a i t a D esv r es 1 8 , 7 7

M a rti n D a mman v a n der P l as

Casti l lzon D upl ‘ é - Poul ai ne 1 7 3 2 E PI N A L

P AUL 5 . R N H I N — R OR NS 6 F E C FA E CE C EIL, LEA 9

D ESC T ON . M D ES C T ON . MARK . RIP I ARK . RIP I

Bourg l a Reine E I 7 94 CH M. C re am ware

’ Tour s d Ai gues

Ango eme ul 1 8th c ent .

a n n o 1 o , 77

C 1 . 7 5 3

Bergerac CAMBRAY

EPE R NAY

J EA N GAUTI ER Cour cel l es

Ma ne 0 . 1 8 ( i ) , 7 3

S a i nt Long e Late 1 8 th c e nt .

o o f L acou ves Ga l l et 1 7 8 7 . C py Palis sy ware

a rl/[ ou ti n s 1 8 th c e nt .

Or l eans

Bou rg 1a Reine TE U H

1 8 th c e nt . F — N T LEMENT FR ENCHZ AHHKHL CHA THJ X Z S . C

M M . D E SC T ON . . D E T N ARK RIP I ARK SC RIP I O .

c en l gth t . Style o f Palissy

’ ' Cl a ude P el zs ze 1 7 2 6 Meudon

' ' nea Be au a s L zta l i enne r v i e 8 ce n l at 1 th t .

' d engl e f on ta i ne

CHA NTI LLY

Baron d e Tre mb le 1 8 5 6 1 8 4 5 po rcela i n Saint C ement Mat-h au l : l ’ ' f I l / nea t 7 5 7 (Ch am pag ne ) a o S a zn t C e 1 7 5 1 - 1 8 0 0 Ogn es LL E N NC 1 th cent A sne 1 8 - 8 2 GA A Y 9 . ( i ) , 7 4

Geofi ‘oi Limoges

im a nd . pr. p

LOVI S L I AVTE

’ a w ssea u a tou r

S a i nt A nza ns — FRENC H FAIENCE PARI S 7 1

D E N M M . SC T O . . D ESC O ARK RIP I ARK RIPTI N.

SEVR ES

Pu c . 1 ll . 8 5 0 Style o f Pali s sy

1 8 5 9

P a ou 1 8 j , 7 7

Re m e 1 8 1 Cl a u de R el /my C . y 7

Rue Ro q u e tt e

e 8 th c e n . A PARI S l a t 1 t

fo rm e rly Olivie r

l gth c e nt .

SC L asc a PA A F . P l

1 8 0 c . 5 — O D M ‘ 2 R N H R N ST. NN Y 7 F E C PO CELAI CL U , LILLE , E EC

M D ES T ON M C . ARK . RIP I ARK .

VA L ENC I EN

F au q uez and Vann i er

Trou

b e n in i n u a d c . p . l

I n b ue p . l

in red p .

p i n red or gold

fa t t P“ r i n b e o r me in . u . p . b lac k p l L am a R N H OR N—B O RG-LA- R N OR E NS F E C P CELAI U EI E , L A 73

E O N M M D SC T . ES O N D T . ARK . RI P I ARK . C RIP I

Bour g -l a-Reine

B o urg -l a Re i ne

in b ue p . l

1 7 90 -1 8 1 1

0 1 - 8 8 . 7 8 2 b e 5 . . in u p p . l

' W No u c l no

L I M 0 6 5 5 in b ue p. l R N H OR N-l — N BO OGN R S 74 F E C P CELAI CAE , UL E , PA I

6 R N H OR N— R S N NN S 7 F E C P CELAI PA I , VI CE E

DESC T N M O . M D ES T O N ARK . RIP I ARK . C RIP I .

La S eini e

FL E URY

P ONTEI Nx

d F . D . ONO E H R B oza S t . A n toi ne 1 7 85 Hannong M O . NO F . H RE

R . F . DAG OTY

DAG OTY ET HONOR E

“ B oa I P oi sson i tem 1 7 8 0

Ie B on Iza l l e y a s I n o d P ri . g l

Vincennes

2 0 B ou l ev a r d des

' [tal zen s

C . H . P I LL I V UY T

S c/ze c/zer R N H OR N— N NN S SE R S F E C P CELAI VI CE E , V E 7 7

D ES T N D ES M . C O . M C T ON. ARK RIP I ARK . RIP I

Sevr es

Brach ard fa ther and 5 0 11

B ourd us

Lian ce

L e Rich e

an 1 6 Tris t , 7 9

n 1 P Perro ti , 7 8 FR ENC H PORCELAIN— SEVR ES

e e e L tt rs , marks, and numb rs indicating th e ye ar in which Vincenn e s

Se e c e e e and vr s por lain was d corat d .

the ea 1 AA d e no te th e y r 7 5 3 s year 1 7 7 8 T9 d eno tes th e

X I I I

J ,

7 deno tes the year 1 80 7

1 8 0 8

1 8 1 0

1 8 1 4

I 7 7 0 I 7 93

L e d e n n th e ea — tte rs o ti g y r Fro m 1 8 1 8 1 83 4 the year I 7 7 3 e l n d s u e d ur n the f l i t o i s i g w as i nd ic ated by th e l as t m e o f th e Re o l u o n , tw ti v ti o u es o f the d a e e. . fig r t , g and b e e n 1 - 1 8 0 0 tw e 7 93 1 8 d eno t es 1 8 1 8

s u c h m ark s we re rare . 1 9 1 8 1 9 and so

o h n e d a e Fr m 1 8 0 1 t e fo ll o wi g o n . Afte r 1 8 3 3 th t n d s e e u se is eni n u . I 7 7 7 ig s w r . giv f ll

1 d r To re ca ll th e co m e t o f 1 7 69 s o me o f th e e co a to rs s ub s tit u te d the mark N'é for th e da te l e tte r Q . 2 Th e nse o n of the e e rs and in th e Se res u de 1 0 e d o n ece n S o n to i rti l tt J J J v G i ( 9 9 iti ) , r tly h w

- h a e b e en u sed a s da e e e s ne ce s s a e d the a e a o n o f th e abo e ab es t c es ond . v t l tt r , it t lt r ti v t l o orr p — FR ENC H PORCELAI N SEVRES 7 9

D ES T N . M . C O D ES T O N ARK RIP I CRIP I .

Sevr es Sevres

cl ear ed

in b u e p . l

Se V r 9 3

1 8 2 9 -3 0

Im l e M . p de S cv P as 1 8 2 9 - 3 0 — 8 0 FR ENCH POR CELAIN SEVR ES

D E T ON D E M SC . M . SC T ON ARK . RIP I ARK RIP I .

Sevres Sevr es

cyph er o f Lou is Philippe

in pr . green

I 8S4 -7 0

Third Re pu bl ic

1 8 8o 8 9 . FR ENC H POR LAI N—SE R CE V ES 8 1

M . D ESC T ON ARK RIP I . D ES C RI P To

Ma s a nd m rk o no gram s o f a n e s d e p i t r , co a o s and r t r , d e s at Se e s gil r vr .

ALONCL E b d s , ir , 1 7 5 8 -8 1 AND E, J u es R l , and s ca es l p . 1 84 3 -6 9

ANTEAUME , and sc a es e tc l p . I 7 S4

AP O I L , A e s fi u re l xi , g s ubje c ts 1 84 5 - 6 4 A P O ” M m e fi u es 1 8 , g r , 64

ARC HELA I S , d ec o a o r t r , 1 86 5 - 1 90 2

A M ND , b d s e tc 1 R A ir , . , 7 4 5 1 7 4 6

ASSE L N o I , a s , e tc p rtr it . , I 7 SO ' 9 4

’ ‘ AUB E R I ai né o e s 1 , fl w r , 7 5 4

AUV I L L AI N o u nd c , gr o l o u rs I S7 7

AV I SS E , d eco a o 1 8 r t r , 5 0 1 8 84

B L N fil s , o e s 1 0 AI I fl w r , 7 5 1 8 0 0

d e c o a o r t r ,

B B N d ec o a o 1 8 2 - AR I , r t r . 4 3 9

B D ET o e s 1 I 1 8 0 0 AR , fl w r . 7 5

b o u ue s e tc . q t , , 1 7 8 0 - 9 1

B E d e ac , ed b o uq u e s ARR t h t , 1 7 8 0 -9 1

B E o e s 1 8 6 -8 1 ARR , fl w r , 4

' ‘ B AR u e s 8 2 RIA I , fig r , I 5 1 8 8 3 8 2 FRENCH P ORCELAIN -SEVR ES

D ES T N M . D E C O . S N RIP I ARK C RIP TI O .

BO L N E o e s 1 B D O N o name n s 1 0 U A G R fl w r , 7 5 4 AU I , r t , 7 5

' ‘ B EC UE I o e e Q , fl w rs , tc . , BO L N E fil s sub ec s U A G R , j t , I 7 4 S 1 7 7 0 - 8 1 B EL ET E , flo wers , e tc 1 8 8 - 1 00 B RAC HARD s cu o 7 9 , lpt r

B EL ET L d eco rato r 1 8 B EC d ec o ato 1 8 8 0 , . , , 7 9 R Y , r r ,

B E N E ur es 1 8 0 RA G R , fig , 7 B ULI DON b ou uets 1 , q , 7 4 1 84 6 5 1 7 9 2 B E T ND b o u ue s 1 0 R RA , q t , 7 5 B NEL Mm e o e s 1 8 0 0 U , fl w r , 1 7 7 8 - 1 8 1 7 B 1E UV 1LLE de corato r 1 8 , , 7 7 B TE e e o e s 1 6 U UX p r , fl w r , 7 5 1 7 8 6

B EN T d n 1 6 I FAI , gil i g , 7 5 B TE fil s ai né o e s U UX , fl w r . 1 7 7 3 - 1 8 2 2 B N ET b ou u e s 1 0 I , q t , 7 5 B TE fil s eu ne s ub U UX j , ec ts 1 8 0 - j , 7 94 B NET Mm e né e C ano n I , . ( h ) , o e s 1 0 - 1 80 0 fl w r , 7 5 B TE o e s a e 1 80 0 U UX , fl w r , ft r

BL NC D d eco a o A HAR , r t r , 1 8 1 1 C E o e s 1 8 8 - 8 A AU , fl w r , 4 4

B L NC D A d ec o ato A HAR , r r , 1 87 8 - 1 900

BOC ET d eco a o 1 0 2 QU , r t r , 9 C ELL E b o d e s 1 2 AP , r r , 7 4 5

BO TEL d n 1 - 1 8 2 2 I , gil i g , 7 97 “ C AP RONNI E R d n 1 8 0 0 , gil i g ,

B ONN UI T deco ato 1 8 8 , r r , 5 C D N b o u u e s 1 AR I , q t , 7 4 9 I 8 94

C E o e s 1 2 BO C E o e s 1 , fl w r , U H R , fl w r , 7 5 4 ARRI R 7 5

B O C ET, and sca es e tc . U H l p , , C STE L l and sca e s et c A , p , I 7 S7 -9 3 1 7 5 0 - 1 8 0 0 BO COT o e s U , fl w r , CATTEAU d ec o a o 1 0 2 , r t r , 9 1 7 85 -9 1 I 9O 4 BOUI LL AT o e s et , fl w r , c C O N su b e c s AT , j t , 1 800 - 1 1 I 7 S3 B OULL EM I ER iIdIn 1 , g g , 8 2 2 ATRI E flo w rS etc b e o C C , e , f 1 84 1 1 8 00

BO ULL EMI E R ai né d n , i i , g l g C E d eco a o 1 86 r t r , 5 1 8 2 2 -4 1 1 8 94 BOULL EM I E R fil s d n , i i , g l g C H B sub ec s etc A RY , j t , 1 8 0 2 - 1 2 I 7 4 9

FR E NCH PORCELAIN— SEVR E S

M D E . D E T N SC O . SC RIPTI ON . ARK RIP I

ONT NE o e s 1 8 2 F AI , fl w r , 7 GOME o e s 1 6 RY , fl w r , 7 5 1 8 5 7

O L u es 1 8 6 - FONTELLI AU l d n 1 G , r , , gi i g , 7 5 3 UPI fig 3 7 9

E o e b e O , fl w rs , fo re G REMO NT b ou u e s 1 0 F UR , q t , 7 7 1 7 8 1

O NE E d eco ato F UR RI , r r , G SON l d n 1 1 90 3 RI , gi i g , 7 4 9

O N E d eco ato 1 8 8 , r r, 7 F UR I R G UI L L E MAI N d e c o a o , r t r , afte r 1 8 0 0 ON D u es etc FRAG AR , fig r , H LL ON E l a nd s ca es A I , . , p , 1 8 - 6 4 7 9 1 8 84

FRITSCH fi ureS etc . 1 6 , g , 7 3 Fr l d 1 8 66 H LL ON . e A I , , gi r , I 6 7 S 1 895

H E N ON b o u u e s b e o e OMENT u es RI q t , f r FR , fig r 1 7 8 4

F u M Ez b ou u e s 1 " HE CO T b o u u e s b e , q t , 7 7 7 RI UR , q t 1 80 1 fo re 1 8 0 0

G ANEAU fil s d n a e L EN e tc b e H u es . , gil i g , ft r I K , fig r , , 1 8 0 0 fo re 1 8 0 0

an ca e G T E , d s s , AU HI R l p H O o e s 1 - URY , fl w r , 7 4 7 5 5 1 8 - 1 etc . 7 7 9

H D d ec o a o 1 8 1 1 GEBL E UX d eco a o 1 8 8 UAR , r t r , , r t r , 3 1 8 4 6

’ H UMB E RI ‘ u es 1 8 6 2 G EL d ec o a o 1 8 1 , fig r , Y , r t r , 5 1 8 8 8 1 8 7 0

- H NY o e s 1 1 — G ENE ST u e s 1 2 U , fl w r , 7 9 99 , fig r , 7 5

DEL d e c o a o 1 8 8 6 JAR , r t r , G EN N o e s e tc . 1 6 I , fl w r , , 7 5

O b ou u e s b e o e G EO ET u es e tc . J , q t , f r RG , fig r , , YAU - 8 0 0 1 8 0 2 2 3 1

G E D sub e c s b e o e RAR , j t , f r B N d n b e o e 1 8 0 0 JU I , gil i g , f r 1 8 0 0

M m née V au G E D e . L ENNE e na ssan c e o r RAR , ( JU I , r i n flo w e rs b e o e 1 8 0 0 tri , , f r n ame nts a e 1 8 0 0 ) , ft r G D C ne se u es IRAR , hi fig r , 8 0 0 L MBE T o e s 1 8 6 - 6 b e fo re 1 A R , fl w r , 4 9

GO BE T u es 1 8 2 - 1 L ANG L AC E and s ca es R , fig r , 5 9 , l p , 1 8 1 3 -4 4

B L ED d ec o a o 1 0 2 L A RO C E o e s b e o e G O , r t r , 9 H , fl w r , f r 1 8 0 0

E E d ec o ato 1 8 6 L SS , r r , 9 GOD N l d n 1 8 0 8 -2 8 A RR I , gi i g , — FR E NCH PORCELAIN SEVRES 8 5

D ESC T ON RIP I .

E d n a e L ATACH , il i , ft r M AUG END RE s c u o g g , lpt r , 1 88 1 - 86

MAUSS ION Mme . de u e , , r s L E BEL ai né u es etc . fig , fig r , , 1 860 - 0 be fo re 1 8 0 0 7 M ER AULT ai né d eco a , r t o r , e ne b ou ue s LE B EL j u , q t , I 7 5 4 ' 9 I 1 7 80 - 93 M ERAULT e une b ou ue s j , q t , and s ca es 1 80 L E B EL , , 4 l p 1 7 86 -8 9 1 84 4 MERIG OT d eco a o 1 8 8 , r t r , 4 L E ND E su b ec ts e in A R , j , l ft 1 8 84 1 7 8 5 ME E A u es 1 86 Y R , . , fig r , 3 LEG T o u nd co ou s , A , gr l r 1 8 7 1 1 8 7 2

OT nese su b ec ts c AUD o e s 1 LEC , Chi j , , fl w r , 7 5 9 be fo re 1 80 0 M C D d n 1 2 I AU , gil i g , 79 L E DO andsc a es e tc UX , l p , 1 8 1 2 1 7 5 8 M C EL b o u ue s b e o e I H , q t , f r L E E d eco a o 1 0 2 G R , r t r , 9 1 8 0 0

M LET d ec o a o 1 86 2 O . I , , r t r , 8 L E G d n 1 8 1 7 7 UAY , gil i g , 7 4 M N D d eco a o 1 88 I AR , r t r , 4 L E G ur es e tc . UAY , fig , , 1 7 7 8 - 8 1 M O O N b ou ue s 1 0 IR , q t , 7 9 E AY d eco ato 1 86 6 L G , r r , 1 7 9 1 1 8 84 MOUG ENOT o e s 1 L G UAY m n atu es e tc . , fl w r , 7 5 4 E , i i r , , 1 7 7 2 1 8 1 7

MO E d n 1 8 0 1 R AU , gil i g , 9 5 E N D d n a e L GRA , gil i g , ft r 1 8 0 0 MO N na a and m ta RI , v l ili ry s u b ec s 1 j t , 7 5 4 LE O d n 1 86 - 8 8 R Y , gil i g , 4

MO N d n 1 88 8 L E E e e o e s e tc . , , il i , V p r , fl w r , RI g g I 7 S4 MORI OT u es 1 8 0 - 8 be , fig r , 3 4 L E E F . o e s etc V , , fl w r , fo re 1 8 00 M TE andsc a es 1 U I l p , 7 5 4 NE d ec o a o 1 88 L IG , r t r , 3

ET b ou u e s e in N IQ U , q t . l ft L C S d ec o a o 1 8 8 U A , r t r , 7 1 7 9 2

E RET Mme . né e M AQ U , ( 1 NOEL o e s . etc . . Bou il l at o e s be o e , fl w r 7 5 5 ) , fl w r , f r 1 8 00 ee Mm e . n NOUAI LH I ER , ( o e s 1 86 1 M T NET, fl w r , flo w ers be fo re AR I D uro e , s y) , 1 87 8

Ch de co a o . OUI NT, r t r o e s 1 -1 8 0 6 M SS , fl w r , 7 7 9 A Y 1 87 9-8 2 8 63 FR ENCH P OR CELAIN—SEVR ES

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E c o o u ed ‘ T . Q N , r UI l UENNOY d e co a o 1 0 2 Q , r t r , 9 r o u nd s 1 8 8 8 - g , 93

OU I NT Em c o o u ed R b ou u e s b e o e , l r AUX , q t , f r o u nd s 1 8 - 8 gr , 7 7 9 F R E N E . u es 1 8 2 0 L L ET u es 1 8 8 2 -8 8 G I R , , fig r , PAI , fig r , 1 8 66

PARP ETTE o e s e tc , fl w r , RE N E H . u es 1 8 2 G I R , fig r , 5 I 7 SS 1 87 0

P ARP ETTE Mme o e s , , fl w r , RE OUX d n 1 86 2 - 0 J , il i , 9 1 g g e tc . 7 94

ARP E TTI Mm e L o e s P , fl w r , R EN D E . d eco a o AR , , r t r , 8 - 1 8 2 1 7 9 5 afte r 1 8 0 0

RE N D H . d eco a o O s cu o 1 0 AR , r t r , PAJ U , lpt r , 7 5 1 8 8 1

EL E d ec o a o 1 88 0 P C , r t r , R U H C D Em . o e s I HAR , fl w r , 1 8 69 - 1 90 0

R C D E . ow e s 1 8 8 ET T o e s 1 6 I HAR , fl r , 3 P I , fl w r , 7 5 1 87 2

R C D F . d e co a o E E b o u u e s b e o e I HAR , , r t r , PF IFF R , q t , f r 1 8 4 8 -7 8

L NE ai ne su b ec s R C D S . d ec o a o PHI IPPI , j t I HAR , , r t r , 1 7 80 - 9 1 1 83 2

L NE o e s 1 8 PHI IPPI , fl w r , 7 7 R C D L d e c o a o I HAR , r t r , 1 7 9 1 1 90 2 P d n 1 8 R I C HARD . , , gil i g , 4 9 E E ainé o e s b e PI RR , fl w r , 1 8 8 1 fo re 1 8 0 0 n d s ca es R I OCREUX I . a , , l p , I E RRE eu ne b o u u e s b e P j , q t , 1 8 2 4 - 4 9 fore 1 80 0

RE UX D . o e s R I O C , , fl w r , N d eco a o 1 8 88 PIHA , r t r , 1 8 0 7 -7 2

P I THOU ai né s u b e c s l and sca e s , j t , R O B E T F . , R , , p be fo re 1 80 0 1 8 06 -4 3

RO B E T Mm e . o e s P I THOU eu ne u e s R , , fl w r , j , fig r , 8 0 0 e tc b e o e 1 8 0 0 afte r 1 . , f r

RO BE T . F . and s ca es R , J , l p , 1 8 0 6 - 1 2 L NE d n 1 8 1 P I , gil i g , 3

C E u es e tc . 1 8 RO H R , fi g r , , 7 5 P ORCHON d n , gil i g

ROSSET and s c a es 1 O L L OT b o u u e s b e , l p , 7 5 3 P UI , q t , fo re 1 7 7 8 ’ S E b o u u e s b e o e ROL S L , q t , f r R ' ‘ and sca es PO , , U AR I l p 1 8 00 1 8 1 5 -4 5

RO S SEL u es -1 8 2 - 2 U , fig r , 4 7 E OST d n 1 PR V , gil i g , 7 5 4

8 8 FR ENCH PORCELAI N— SEVR ES

D EG AULT u es 1 8 0 8 - 1 8 1 L ANG L ACE and s ca es 1 8 0 -1 8 , fig r , 7 , l p , 7 4 4 D EMARN E s ub ec s 1 8 0 8 - 1 8 1 L N LO S P ol cl es and sca es 1 8 , j t , 4 A G I ( y ) , l p , 47 DEMARN E M e a n 2 . C o e and s ca es 1 8 ( ll r li ) , l p , 7 1 8 - 8 2 E EL o a e t - 2 2 1 L B t s c . 1 8 0 1 8 5 , p r r it , , 4 4 4 D ENOI S M e n n E AY b e c - 0 . e o a s 1 8 2 0 L GU su s u es 1 8 1 8 ( ll J y), p rtr it , , j t , fig r , 7 7 4 D ES BO S scu l o 1 8 86 - 1 8 8 L E SSORRE u e s 1 8 I , pt r , 7 , fi g r , 3 4 - - D EV ELLY C . and sc a es 1 8 1 1 8 8 LY NY BY E and sca es 1 8 1 1 8 2 , , l p , 3 4 , l p , 4 4 - 8 - 1 8 88 D D E d ec o a o 1 8 1 1 8 M E RI G OT F . o e s e tc . 1 8 I I R , r t r , 9 4 5 , , fl w r , , 4 Mm A e E E - H E NE u e 1 8 6 2 - 1 6 8 D UCLUZ EAU e . d aid e o a ts M s 8 ( l ) , p rtr i , Y R I , fig r , ' 1 8 0 - 1 8 8 M OR IOI ‘ u es o a s 1 8 0 - 1 8 8 9 4 , fig r , p rtr it , 3 4 H n N -B u e 1 6 D ESNE e u es 1 86 2 E T L . . s 1 8 UFR , ry , fig r , PAR , , fig r , NT NE o m el —1 O e s etc . 1 8 0 L ena s 1 8 8 F AI , fl w r , 5 PHI IP , , 4 7 7 7 ON D Th s u b e c s 1 8 - 1 86 L NE s l e 1 8 - 1 8 0 FRAG AR , j t , 4 7 9 PHI IPPI , til lif , 7 5 4 MENT D EL RMEL En T A and s ca es 1 8 1 - 1 8 F O O . u es O R , g , fig r , P UPAR , l p , 5 45 1 8 - 1 8 8 RE N E and sca es 1 8 6 - 1 8 0 5 3 4 G I R , l p , 3 7 G LLO S Mme u es 1 8 1 R C D E d ec o ato 1 8 8 A I ( ) , fig r , 7 I HAR , r r , 5 E RA L e a b ec 1 8 - 8 2 RO BE T and sca es 1 8 0 6 - 1 8 G ARN Y . s su s 8 1 , , j t , 3 4 R , l p , 4 3 8 1 - 1 8 8 8 OD N cu to 1 8 1 - 1 8 8 G EL . u es 1 R s 8 Y , J , fig r , 5 I , lp r , 3 E - 8 8 - 1 8 2 G EO T u es 1 8 0 1 8 0 6 RO SSEL P . u e s 1 RG , fig r , 3 U ( fig r , 4 7 ’ E e nam e s and e e - 1 8 HI L I‘ e s 1 8 2 2 -1 G OD D s 1 86 1 6 S C L . o 8 , l r li f , 3 ( fl w r , 5 5 H MON u es 1 8 - 1 8 SC LT Ab el u es 1 8 - 1 8 8 0 A , fig r , 4 9 5 4 HI ( ) , fig r , 4 7 - M e - 1 1 ACCO B E R o e s and u 1 8 1 8 1 8 8 SOLON e . u s 1 86 2 8 J , fl w r fr it , 4 ( ll fig r , 7 T b ec s 1 6 - 1 8 1 W EBAC H and sc a es e tc 1 8 0 6 - 1 8 1 D ELO Mm e . S . s u 8 S JA ( j t , 4 7 , l p , 4 T - Mme . V c o e o T E b d s etc . 1 8 1 1 8 A UOTO a s C . J Q ( i t ir ) , p rtr it , RA R , J , ir , , 4 7 3 1 8 0 1 - 1 8 2 TRE VERRET d e ur es 1 8 1 4 ( ) , fig , 9 L B BE o e s 1 8 -1 8 T ST N u es 1 8 6 A , fl w r , 4 7 5 3 RI A . fig r , 3 M l and ca e N Mme o ns ance o t a s L E s s T . C A ARR , p URGA ( t ) , p r r it , L MBE T l a nd sca es 1 8 8 I S A R , p , 5 3 4 SSE E d eco a o 1 8 6 V AN OS o e s and u s 1 8 1 1 -1 8 1 LA RR , r t r , 9 , fl w r fr it , 4 E N V AN M su b ects 1 8 2 - 1 86 2 L T Mme . au ne u es etc C AUR ( P li ) , fig r , AR K , j , 5 d 8 0 1 8 0 E D E . es ne e s 1 5 V R I R , J , ig r , v r , 9 S PA I N AND P O RT UGA L

THE manufactory of a tin -e nam elle d e arth e nware d e corate d in e e e e e e e e blu , mangan s and g r n , or in blu and lustr pigm nt, or in l e e e S e e ustr alon , flourish d in pain from an arly dat , and was most e h M M probably introduc d by t e oors . anise s and Val encia we re e e th e e th e e e c ntr s of industry, which was at its b st in fift nth and I n th e e e e e sixtee nth ce nturi e s . s v nt nth c entury s e ve ral Italian e e e S e the e e pott rs s ttl d in pain , and introduc d manufactur of th ir,

e e e c e e . e e e c i e c e w as th n d cad nt, maioli a th r Lat r, wh n Fr n h fa n e e e e e e S at its h ight , som Fr nch pott rs r mov d to pain , so that during th e s e ve nte e nth and e ightee nth cent uri e s tin - e name lle d e e e e c T e e e e e e o f war s w r mad at Al ora, alav ra, and ls wh r , som c e th e e e c e e whi h r call lat r styl s of Italian maioli a , whil oth rs

'' W - e e e e e re se mbl e Fre nch fa i ence . all til s with laborat g om trical e M az u l e os e e e e patt rns of oorish orig in , known as j , w r larg ly mad S e e e S e c in pain from arly tim s, and form d a p ial industry. Porce lain was manufacture d in d ue c ours e in th e e ighte e nth e th e a c e B u e R e c ntury , most import nt fa tory b ing that of n tiro, e M e 1 6 0 th e e e n ar adrid , found d in 7 by h lp of workm n and

- - M Th e u e e C e N e . e mo lds r mov d from apo di ont , apl s war was e e 1 80 e e a e at first a soft past , but aft r 7 a hard r mag n si n porc lain w as mad e . Cl e v e r c opi e s of Palissy ware and th e mottled e arthe nware s of

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VA R IOUS attempts to m ak e porce lain in th e n e ighbourhood of c e e B o w C e e London ulminat d in factori s at and h ls a , both of which e e e e I Th e e w as - a e w r activ as arly as 7 4 5 . war a soft p st ce a th e e e c e e e f o por l in , s cr t of whi h had b n l arnt, no doubt , r m e e S e 1 0 e c e S Fr nch pott rs . hortly aft r 7 5 oth r fa tori s prung up at D e W H B e e e e . rby, orc st r, Low stoft , Long ton all , ristol , and Liv rpool th e e e e e e e — e o e All arly English porc lains w r vari ti s of soft past , s m

e the e e- e disting uish d by admixtur of bon ash , and oth rs by that of

Th e n e - e ce e steatite . o ly tru hard past por lain was mad of Cornish

e 1 - 0 a n o - mat rials at Plymouth from 7 6 8 7 d at B ristol from I 7 7 S I . Th e English porc e lains c ontinu e d to vary und e r fre sh e xpe rim ents th e e nd th e e e e c e u w e e e e till of i ght nth nt ry, h n a mor p rman nt ' e e o afi r hi r T mixtur was arriv d at by J siah Spod e in S t o d s e . his th e e c e e e C was mod rn Eng lish por lain , mad chi fly of hina clay and

C e C e - e the hina ston from ornwall , and bon ash ; it combin s streng th of hard -paste with som e of the soft m e llowne ss of the old - Th e soft paste porce lain . e d e coration passe d through r g ular e c o the C e e e e e th e u e phas s , first pying hin s whit war s , th n bl and w e e th e e e e e e e e e hit , th n nam ll d Japan s porc lain xport d from Imari e c e th e Me e Se e e the n xt am imitations of iss n and vr s styl s , from roc o c o to th e ps eudo-classical and at th e b eg inning of th e nin e te e nth c entury the Japan patte rns we re re vive d in a ve ry free e e the r nd e ring o f th e more e laborat e Imari d e sig ns . Aft r this pott e rs fe ll back on imitations of th e e a rli e r styl e s until ne w life c was infus e d into the ir work at the e nd of th e last e ntury . Marke d spec im e ns of Eng lish e arth e nware are practically e e th e e e e e e r It e e unknown b for s v nt nth c ntu y . was th n that d lft

-e e e e th e D c o e a b e e or tin nam ll d war in ut h fashi n b g n to mad , chi e fly at Lamb e th : this industry spre ad ove r th e country in th e e e e e e e B ighte nth c ntury, and consid rabl factori s sprung up at ristol 93 94 POTTE RY MAR KS

' a nd e I n Stafio rd sh ire W e Liv rpool . and at rotham in K nt ,

' i n D erb ysh ire and oth e r plac e s th e more Eng lish m e thod of

" e e e e w c e e e d corating arth nwar ith olour d slips was larg ly practis d , and many of th e pi ec e s b e ar th e nam e s or initials of pott e rs as - e e th e e e e rs th e th e w ll as thos of d stin d poss sso of pots . At e n d of th e s e ve nte e nth c entury salt -g laze d ston e ware was mad e by D u a N h fine re d e e wig ht of F lh m , and at otting am , and a ston war afte r th e Chin e se bu cca r o was made by D wight an d by B l e rs i n ' fo th e e e e t c e th e Stafio rd sh ire S taf rdshire . Early in i ght n h ntury

o e e c e c e e e fine e - ze e e p tt rs b am l brat d for a , whit , salt g la d ston war of re markabl e thinn e ss and sharpn e ss wh ich is call e d salt-g laze T w e - ze par e xce ll e n ce . his as followe d by a l ad g la d e arth enware ’ of c re amy - ye llow ton e p e rfe ct e d by W e dg wood in his Qu e e n s w I t e a e u 1 6 0 . e e r abo t 7 was d corat d , first with splash s and o e e - e an d e m ttling s of g r n and brown or brownish purpl s, aft rwards e e c o To th e e nd th e ce by painting in nam l ol urs . wards of ntury n u m e rous e arth e nware s and stone ware s w e re inv e nt e d or p e rfe cte d W e c e e en e w e by Josiah dg wood and his ont mporari s , g . jasp r ar s, b c c c e - c o e e e e la k basalt or Egyptian bla k , an lour d ston war , p arl

c e h s f - e e e tc . th e e e e e o t o war , and in arly nin t nth ntury a iron ston

c e e c e tc . e e e hinas , improv d ston hinas , mostly hard whit arth n M e w e e e e c e e c e . s war s , r inv nt d as h ap substitut s for por lain ark o n Eng lish pott e ry are mostly impre sse d and are ofte n diffi cult to h d e ciph e r b e cause th e glaze has fill e d up t e hollows of th e stamp .

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1 2 2 POTTERY MARKS

e e e e at D tion of this war , xclusiv of that mad amascus , is dis tin u is h e d th e u s e Of f e re d e e g by a in pig m nt , always in palpabl “ ” e e T e e e R re d r li f. his pigm nt , g n rally known as hodian , was e Obtain ed from Arm nian bol e . M e e e e S T e are ark d xampl s of P rsian , yrian and urkish war s uncommon . c e e c e e e A translu nt pott ry, whi h is g n rally known as P rsian ce e e e e e por lain , was mad at a v ry arly dat , and th n again about 1 0 0 e e e 1 80 0 T e e e e 6 and v n as lat as . his war fr qu ntly b ars d e licat e ly incis e d patte rns or is ornam e nt e d with pi e rc e d patte rns n r ze I t f e th e op e ing s of which a e fill ed with g la . was orm rly W e known in England as G ombroon ar . ‘ Th e marks found on Pe rsian po tte ry o ccu r most frequ e ntly on th e e Of th e ee th e e e e c e r c war s sixt nth to nin t nth ntu y, parti ularly on th e pi e c e s in whi c h Chin e s e influ enc e is appare nt in th e d o M e Of M ec ration . arks also occur on Anatolian war s inor importance . D E SC T ON M . . D ESC T ON RIP I ARK RIP I .

w as of Minor

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El Taurizi ( =fro m Tau s 6 th c n ri ) 1 e t .

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Charaf

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1 6 th ce

C HI NES E P O RC E LA I N

IT s eems probabl e from lite rary e vid e n c e that porc elain was made ’ in China at l e ast as e arly as th e T ang dynasty ( 6 1 8-90 6 e e e e e e e The but no xampl s of this p riod hav r ach d Europ . various mak e s Of th e S ung ( 9 6 0 - 1 2 7 9) and Yuan ( 1 2 80 - 1 3 6 7 ) dynasti e s are known to us chi e fly through a fe w of th e c oarse r sp e c im ens of th e cre amy w hit e ware of Ti ng -Chou and th e g re y ’ e e e — u - e th e c e g r n c ladon of Lung ch an hsi n , and through omparativ ly M to mod e rn copi e s which abound . arks on th e s e ware s appear

e ee w e e th e Chii n- c c e hav b n unusual , thoug h r ad that hou por lain e e e w e e e e was som tim s mark d ith an ng rav d num ral , and a palac Of h S /zu u e 1 e th e t e . U mark Yuan dynasty ( f ) is g iv n on p 4 9 . nd r Ming dynasty ( 1 3 6 8 - 1 6 4 4 th e Yung - IO p e riod ( 1 4 0 3 - 2 4 ) w as ce l e brate d for its fine white p o rce lain with e ng rave d orna

h u - 1 - w t o m ent ; t e Hs an té pe riod ( 4 2 6 3 5 ) for blu e and hite ( . white porc elain painte d in und e rg laze blue ) and a brilliant und e r ’ g laze re d d e coration th e Ch é ng -hua p e riod ( 1 4 6 5 -8 7 ) for c oloure d e c e e e ze th e H - d oration , paint d in nam ls and in gla s ; ung chih pe ri o d ( 1 4 8 8 - 1 5 0 5 ) for a pal e transpare nt ye llow ; th e Chia- ching ’ p e riod ( 1 5 2 2 - 6 6 ) fo r blue and white th e Lung -c h ing ( 1 56 7 - 7 2 ) and \Van -li ( 1 5 7 3 - 1 6 1 9 ) p e riods for e nam e ll e d d e c oration co m b ine d e ze e c fiv e c with und rg la blu , prin ipally in olours , including

e e e w e e e re d . Ge e e c e g r n , y llo , mangan s purpl and nuin sp im ns of Ming po rc e lain mad e before th e sixte e nth c e ntury are practi cally ’ e the H u -té Ch é n - unprocurabl , though marks of s an and g hua w o c cur v e ry commonly on c omparatively mode rn are s . ’ Th e re ig ns Of K ang -hsi ( 1 6 6 2 Yung -cheng ( 1 7 2 3 -3 5 ) ’ and Ch i e n- lung ( 1 7 3 6 - 9 5 ) have suppli ed prac ti c ally all th e fine st ’ The - e o Chine s e porcelain in European coll ections . K ang hsi p ri d is note d for th e pe rfe ction o f blu e and w hit e porc e lain enam e ll e d 1 2 8 POTTERY MARKS

1 e ee fi ve e e porc lains in thr and colours , with a pr dominanc of e e e e e the e e a mi l l e v er te g r n in various shad s , wh nc Fr nch nam f ;

- e c e a . e e e porc lain with olour d g rounds , g g r nish black, powd r

- - - e re d f ee n e e e e tc . e e e ec blu , coral , co f brow , l af g r n , , and r s rv d d ora tion in Oth e r colours sing l e -c oloure d ware s with glaze s Of s a ng - - Th rte oaez re d e e e e e . e g/ , p ach bloom , appl g r n , and oth r tints re ig n of Yu ng -Cheng ( 1 7 2 3 - 3 5 ) was note d for th e Cl e ve r imitations O f th e c e e Of th e S u e-c e an i nt war s ng dynasty with sing l olour d ,

f h - e e ze . ee O t e splash d, and crackl d g la s Ind d most archaic looking e c e c e c n w ze Of e e e sp im ns in our oll tio s , ith gla s this d scription , w r e e th e mad e about this tim e . Among nam ls various ros e tints c e -u s e th e end Of th e e e n e e e which am into at pr c di g r ig n , w r fully d e ve lope d ; and this pe riod marks th e transition Of th e f ar/ti tl e ’ af er i e th e a mzl /e r os e th e n u ce e e e into f , old tra sl nt nam ls of limit d e e e e e e e e e Of O e rang b ing r plac d by an xt nd d pal tt paqu colours . “ ” Th e e laborate ly and minute ly painte d egg - Sh e ll plat e s and s e rvi c e s ( Often with ruby- re d g round unde rn e ath) w e re d e corated at Canton mainly for e xport ; a nd from this tim e onward larg e consignm e nts O f porc elain d e corat e d to ord e r with c re sts and Th e e e coats of arms w e re shipp e d to Europ e . porc lain its lf was e e e th e C e e e C mad , lik n arly all hin s porc lain known to us, at hing 53 té-ch én th e e Of n th e e e e e , in provinc Kia g si , but nam ll d d coration W e e e e C in st rn tast was add d in anton . ’ — - During th e long reig n of Ch i e n lung ( 1 7 3 6 9 5) m e chanical h T e e pe rfe ction was reach e d in t e manufacture of porc e lain . h r e Ol d ne w th e e c e e T e was littl , or , that pott rs could not a hi v . h ir

ze e e ze e c e e : g la s imitat d jad , bron , carv d wood, la qu r, natural ston s, and all kinds of ornam e ntal mate rials ; and many n ew g laze ’ e e d c ee e e a . s ou re e colours w r adopt d , g fi of oral tint, d p sapphir “ ” “ ” e th e Te e He e e - blu (known as mpl of av n blu ) , iron rust and “ ” t a- ze Th e e e are e Of m ani u e dust g la s. paint d war s wond rs p e e e c e e e b e lativ skill , thoug h th ir d li at and laborat finish may not ’ so pl easing as th e bold e r styl e and broade r effe cts Of th e K ang e e c s e h e hsi porc elains . A g radual but sur d lin e t in afte r t reig n ’ O f C e - th e e ee - e c e b e h i n lung , and nin t nth c ntury por lain can usually e th e Ol d e e wea e distinguish d from war s by its inf rior potting , k r

1 Th e e nam e s are a a s t ans uce nt and at this m e an o e az e l lw y r l , ti v rgl e nam e b ue a e e aced th e u nd e aze b u e in th e fi ve -co o u d e c o a o n l l l rg ly r pl rgl l l r r ti . 2 Th e pri nc ipal e xce ptio n to thi s s tate m e nt i s th e iv o ry-white po rc e l ain no n in ance as Ma n o de Ch i n a c h as b een m ad e in the o nce Of k w Fr , whi h pr vi - m h e a a o f th e M n d nas Eu chien fro t e rly p rt i g y ty .

1 3 0 POTTERY MAR KS

I 2 3 4 5 . , . . e Y u h s m - ch o n m e n Ch l h and th e date can b e g uesse d . It r ads 1 5 ’ ’ h s m - i Th e S I - e I n th e c e e c . h n e mad h ou y ar r urr ng ch ou y ar, th e 8th Of th e e e c e th e e - 3 cycl , r urr d in r ig n of Kang hsi who

c e e c c e Of e AD . 1 2 1 ompl t d a full y l his r ig n in 7 . 2 Th e th e . e common st syst e m of dating porcelain is by ' ' N zen -l za o o r e - e e th e e th e Ne w , r ig n nam adopt d by Emp ror on e ee th e e Of e ce T e e e are Y ar succ ding d ath his pr de ssor . h s dat s usually writte n in s ix c haracte rs in two columns ; th e nam e Of th e n w e th e e - e Of th e dynasty comi g first, follo d by r ig n nam ' e the e 13 m en e e c/zzli e Emp ror ; usual nding (y ar or p riod) (mad ) , but th e latte r word is occasionally replace d by tw o which also I 2 “ ” Ta [Mi n e e se . 1 0 m ans mad ( e p 5 ) eg . g 3 4 5 6 6 3 ’ . ’. Cfi éflg l zzzcz men c/zz/t made I n th e Ch eng I 2

h tia p e riod (of th e ) g reat Ming (dynasty) . Th e mark is som e tim e s shorte n e d into four Charact e rs by th e omission Of th e nam e Of th e s ee Th e e dynasty , ( p . individual y ar h c O c of t e re ig n is v e ry rare ly sp e ifi ed . c asion ' th e it e e e m ezz : se e ally word y , Imp rial , is us d inst ad of ( p . Th e re ade r is c aution e d that th e se re ig n -marks cannot b e Th e e c c e e e e e e e e . C e a pt d as tru dat s, without oth r vid nc hin s , e e e e e e e who v n rat antiquity, mak a practic of putting anci nt dat s ' ’’ o e e H s zl a zz-té /z en —fi u a th e fil i n on m d rn war s . and C g in g ’ ' ’ ’ f a fl -k yz Y a n - t hi n Cé i en - l zm th e Cfi i n dynasty, g , g g and g of g a re e e e Of th e e dynasty commonly us d in this way , b caus c ramic e e o f th e e Th e e ce c g r atn ss r ig ns indicat ed . x ption to this aution th e e e th e e is Imp rial porc lain , on which mark is accurat ly and skilfully inscrib ed . Th e following tabl e s include th e principal re ig n -nam e s of th e ’' fil i n Cii zfl e e e e e g and g dynasti s, marks pr vious to th s b ing u e are e e e e e virt ally unknown , although th y r put d to hav b n first plac e d on Impe rial ware s b y orde r of th e Empe ror Ch é n -tsu ng in ' th e p e riod Ck zflg -té ( 1 0 0 4 - 7 From th e re ig n Of Y zmg C/zéng onwards s eal charact e rs w e re c ommonly use d in th e reign f h i e . O C ne s e e e . marks , as shown b low A list . num e rals is app nd d — “ ” ( B ) HA LL MA R K Th e t e rm hall h e re use d is vag u e but e e I f e . t e e th e h e e th e compr h nsiv may r r to e sh d of t pott r, Of th e e th e e th e Of e studio paint r, shop of a d eal r , hall a nobl C HI NE SE PORCELAI N 1 3 1

th e e o e It or palac or pavili n of an Emp ror. may e qually sig ni fy th e e e e th e e c th e e e a n plac wh r , or plac for whi h war was mad ; d

' in th e absenc e Of any pre position the m e aning Of th e h al l -mark O e e The e e must ft n re main Obscur . word us d in thos marks is ’ - f a n s e e . 1 2 t i n e e o usually g , a hall ( p 4 ) but g , a summ r hous als i l zs na e c/za . n e e occurs , as w ll as , a studio (p , a t rrac (p .

a n e e . and f g , a r tr at ( p C M R F M EN S O CO M D T ON e tc . e I ( ) A K A I , , includ ( ) laudatory e P a o rli en e “ c e . 1 e m t rms su h as g (of uniqu valu ) on p 4 7 , a g ” e e e e a e e tc . e e th among pr cious v ss ls of rar j d (p . , r f rring to e b e auty Of th e ware ; ( 2 ) words of good Ome n such as S /zozc e e c h e c e t . t e e (long vity) , (happin ss) , , implying a wish for w lfar of th e own e r of th e v e ss el and ( 3) inscriptions w h i ch re fe r to th e ’ f h e e c T : e o t c . s ai cl i na n c/zi /l o subj ct d oration , g l F e eling pl e a ” i the h e n e t e e e e e e . sur wat r, subj ct b ing fish s in a pool ( se b low) D S N T R ES are a e C e e o e e e e ( ) IG A U r r on hin s p rc lain , chi fly b caus th e e th e e e e o n e of minut division of labour in factori s, wh r e e e e e e S e the pi e c som tim s pass d through s v nty hands . om of ” “ h e e b e e e a s c hall marks, ow v r, must r g ard d ontaining studio ” e e e e e e Of nam s of pott rs or d corators, and th r for as a kind sig nature . S MBOLS D E I CE e tc e th e C e e are E S . ( ) Y , V , , so d ar to hin s mind , O e c e e the c e e th e ft n found in pla of a writt n mark, ommon st b ing B th e e o f th e T Eight uddhist symbols , attribut s aoist Immortals , th e Hundre d Antiqu e s, and Embl e ms Of Happin e ss or Long -life th e th e f M e e e c such as bat and ung us . or rar ly a g roup of obj ts

- e c an b e translat e d rebus fashion into a good wish ; ag . a p ncil brush (pi ) with a c ake of ink ( ting ) and a (jzc-i ) sc e ptre or mag ic t e e e the e P i l i n u -i Ma b e wand , og th r connot phras g j , y (thing s) ” e fix d as you wish (p . ’ I n th e year 1 6 6 7 th e Empe ror K ang - hsi forbad e th e u s e of th e e e e e c e S u Imp rial titl or any sacr d phras on hina , l st it ho ld b I t h e e broke n and d e s ecrat ed . is unlike ly that t prohibition e e o e fe w e b u t r main d in force for m r than a y ars , during that tim e th e doubl e ring inte nd e d to enclose th e m a rk e i th e r re main e d blank or was fille d with a d e vic e or symbol or som e

Oth e r p e rmissibl e substitut e .

’ c h uan

feeli n g pleasu re in the w ater . POTTERY MAR KS

C HI NES E P OT T E RY

TH E manufacture of pott e ry in China is Of imm e morial h 0 6 Han B . 2 t e C . antiquity , but its history prior to dynasty (

A D . 2 2 0 e e . e . ) is only of antiquarian int r st At this tim e it app ars e e e c e e e e and from lit rary vid n that ston war , a v ry hard partially e e e e ec e vitrifi d pott ry, was mad ; and from actual xisting sp im ns that a red e arthe nware with g re e n or y e llow g laze w as fashion e d e e e c e th e S in vas s of mor or l ss artisti form , borrow d from till

e e z The Of e a- th e mor anci nt bron e s . spre ad t drinking during T A 6 1 8—0 . D 6 e e ang dynasty ( . 9 ) prov d , no doubt, a g r at stimulus th e e w e w e th e e e e ff to pott rs , but kno littl about r sults of th ir orts

e e h M d D . 1 b for t e i ng ynasty (A. 3 6 8 It was in th e re ign

Ch én -té 1 0 6 - 1 2 1 th e e e Of Y i- - e of g ( 5 5 ) that pott ri s hsing hsi n , in h f n e e h - t e ce O e . T e Y i e provin Kia g su , w r start d hsing war is an f ze e Of e re d b ufi ungla d pott ry varying hardn ss, and usually of , , or ” h “ c . It e t e e e fawn olours was call d by Portug u s buccaro , and

e tea- Of c e - B o e Of is b st known in pots fantasti shap s , such as ttg r D e e c e D e D and El ers r sd n , rtain utch pott rs , and wight in ‘ Eng land c opi e d at th e e nd of th e s e vent e enth and th e b eg inning Th are f e of th e e ig hte enth c e nturi e s . e late r e xampl e s o t n e e e th e c e e nam ll d and manufa tur continu s to this day . Important

e e e e th e c e - ston war factori s xist in provin of Kuang tung, dating

e h e A. D 6 0 e p rhaps from t Sung dynasty ( . 9 but b st known

e e c e. . e e to us by th ir lat r produ ts , g jars, vas s, and fig ur s with splashe d and mottl e d g laze s with a pre vaili ng blu e or bluish g rey

e e e fle ck e d e e e O e . ton str ak d and with scarl t , g r n , and liv brown Th e re are pott e ri e s near Pe king producing g ood copi e s Of th e e e e e ze e e are porc lain with turquois and aub rg in g la s , and th r many Obscure fac tori e s which supply local n eeds but th e Chi ne se er e e b e e e pott y in Europ an hands can , as a rul , saf ly assign d to e e Y i- C o ith r a hsing or anton rig in . Marks on Chin e se potte ry usually consist of impre sse d seals g ivi ng th e nam e (or art -nam e) of th e potter or plac e of m - anufacture and date marks are uncommon .

1 3 4 C H I NE SE DATE MAR KS

C H I NES E DAT E M A R KS

N I E NHA O OF THE E MPER OR S ON POR CE LA I N AN D POTTER Y

M D E D T N . . SC T ESCRIP I O AR K RIP ION .

Sung dynasty

u s The sam e in seal ch aracters 1 3 5

MARK .

Th e sam e

The s am e in se al c h arac t e rs

’ Ch ing dynasty

The same in se al c harac t e rs

The s am e in seal c h arac te rs 1 3 6

D ES C T O N . M RIP I . D ESC T N ARK RIP I O .

' Ch in d nast ’ g y y Ch ing dynasty

The sam e in seal ch aracters

Th e sam e i n s e al c haracters

Th e sam e i n sea l Ch aract ers

The sam e in seal c haracte rs

Th e sam e in seal c h aracters Th e sam e in seal c harac te rs

— 1 3 8 C H INESE PORCELAIN SYMBOLIC MAR KS

M M . D E SC T O N . ARK RIP I ARK .

' Ch i e n ( a c ash

(St ate u mb rell a )

Hua ( a pai nti n g) K ai (cano py)

Sh u ( a pa ir o f b o o k s ) ’ P i n g (v ase )

Ai - yeh (an art e m isia l eaf) R N— H R E N S O T S T . 1 C HI E E P CELAI A E , LEAF, LO U , C 3 9

D E T O \ D ES T O SC N . IAR C N. MARK . RIP I . K . RIP I

Lo t us flowe r

Flowe rs

Th e h are whi c h liv e s i n th e m o o n m a ki ng th e e lixir f l ife is e ne a ed O , v r t by th e Tao i s t s Pru nus spray

Artem i s i a l eaf : 1 goo d o me n

Lo tu s fl o we r ’ 1 0 H N S OR N— OW R TR D E 4 C I E E P CELAI FL E , IPO , TC .

D ESC T ON M RIP I . ARK .

Flower

A fo u r -l e gged i ncense b u rner

A tripo d i ncense b u r ne r

A tripod v as e Endless k no t

I nsec t

— “ ” 1 4 2 C HINESE P OR CELAI N HALL MAR KS

. N M E SC T ON . M D E T O . D ARK SC RIP I ARK . RIP I

' Chi ng w e i t ang ' m a Y u ng l o t a n g c hih chih d e fo r the m ad e a t t h e h all Of respe c tfu l Y u n g l o (pe rpe t ual e nj oym en t h a ll ) A pal ace m ark 1 7 36 - 95

' ’ Ts a i h u a t an g ch ih z m ad e at th e h al l O f b rillia n t ' a n n p i ti g . Té hs i ng t ang 1 8 2 0 5 0 c hih : m ad e fo r the h all Of fra gr a nt u e virt . 1 5 7 3 -1 6 2 0

’ Y u h ai t an g chih z m ad e i n the

f e a h all o o c n j ad e . 1 66 2 - 1 7 2 2

’ Shé n té t a ng c hih m ad e fo r th e h al l O f c u ltiv atio n f u e o virt . P al ace m ark 1 8 2 0 5 0 “ ” H N S OR N H M R S 1 C I E E P CELAI , ALL A K 4 3

O M M . D ESC T N . . D ES T ON ARK RIP I ARK CRIP I . — H N S R N H M R S ET . 1 4 4 C I E E PO CELAI ALL A K , C

M E T ON D SC . ARK . RIP I

' T ien ti yi c hia

K u e i yue h s h an

Ta c hi G reat go o d - lu c k l

— 1 4 6 CHI NESE P ORCE LAI N COMMENDATION MAR KS

M D E SC T ON . MARK . ARK . RIP I

Shou (lo n ge vity) A c u ri o u s fo rm k no wn i n H o ll an d as th e Spid e r m ark

Fu h appi ne s s

' C h an g m i n g fu u e : L o n l Ife k i g , In v ariou s fo rm s ri ch es a nd o no u ! , h r i n a c irc l e l ike a

c as h .

l 6 th c e nt .

’ Ch i n g Co n gra tu lati o ns

' Ch i yu pao ti n g chih c h é n z A g e m am o n g prec i o u s ves se l s Ofrare jad e ! 1 66 2 -1 7 2 2

L u em o lu ment

Ch I shih pao ti ng c hih c h é n z A ge m am o n g pre c i o u s v esse l s Of rare s t o ne

’ W an fu yu t u n g = M ay i n fi n it e h appi nes s e m b rac e al l yo u r a ffa irs

1 6 th cent . — C HI NE SE PORCELAI N C OMME NDATION MARKS 1 4 7

M M . D E O D E SC T N . . SC T N ARK RIP I ARK RIP I O .

Ai lie n c hé n Sl tang Prec io u s re “ ard o f the lo ve r o f the l o tus 1 8 2 0 -5 0

Y II l ai = Arr ival o f frie nd s

Sl IOtt “ u c hiann myriad age s ne v cr c nd ing

' Nan c h u an c hi n yu em b ro id ered ' jade O f Nan- c h u a n (a nam e fo r Chi n g

1 66 2 - 1 7 2 2

sl I o u w u yu nn o r pu b li c ' ch tan m ri ad u s e in the ge ne ra l s n y a es ne v e r c u rli n 1 th ce n . g g h all . 7 t U su a lly w ritten in an ho ri zo nt a l l IIIc

Sh é ng yu ya c h i El e gan t c o lle e tto n O f h o ly frie nd s 1 66 2 - 1 7 2 2 — 1 4 8 C HINESE PORCELAI N COMMENDATI ON MAR KS

M . D E Ri P TI ON SC . M ARK ARK .

ea 1 h e rly 8t c nt .

Y u j ad e

Chen yu z v e ritfi ab l e ja d e

C hen : a pearl 1 66 2 - 1 7 2 2

W an yu tri n k e t j ad e

' Ch u an c o m ple t e 1 c en rec i ou s tri n k et 7 th t . p

Shu n z e l e gant 1 66 2 - 1 7 2 2 A s h o p mark u ndec iph ered

Hs ing z e xalted 1 66 2 -1 7 2 2

— 1 5 0 C HI NE SE P ORC ELAI N D ESCRIPTIVE MAR KS

N . M . M . D ESC T O D E SC T ON ARK RIP I ARK RIP I .

' Ch a : tea

Ch iu z w ine

' Chi ang t an g d eco c ti o n o f gi n ge r

Hs ieh c h u ch u jen

tsao : m ad e fo r th e L o rd O f th e Hs i e h B a m b o o s

e arly 1 9th ce nt .

K u an yao nei tsao m ad e at th e go ve rnm e n t fac t o ry 1 8 2 0 - 5 0 ’ H N S N— OTT RS N M S ET 1 1 OR C . C I E E P CELAI P E A E , 5

M ES T M DES T O N D C O N . C . ARK . RIP I ARK . RIP I

T u Y uc l t su a n s i h U nce rtai n sea l : m d e o n th e c hih a mark s t errac e o f t he d ru nk e n m o o n 8 3 0 c . 1

Li ng nan h u i c hé l = a Li ng nan i e . C an t o n ) pa i nti n g ; and th e s ea l P ai s hih = \Vh ite Ro c k (a s t u d i o nam e o f a pai nt e r) 1 2 c . 7 4 — 1 5 2 C HI NESE POTTE RY AND STONEWAR E CANTON

D ES T ON . M C M . ARK . RIP I ARK

' T ai yu an (po tt e r)

1 8 th o r 1 9th c e nt .

An Ol d nam e o n mo d ern w a res

' Meng - ch é n and Hu i

Y u -l an -pi c hih m ad e by Y u -l an

“ 1 2 B H N S H M R S ETC — D D T N 5 C I E E ALL A K , A I I O AL

M M AR K . ARK .

m wo rk ans hip . 1 c . 7 00

’ T an g dynas ty - D . ( 6 1 8 90 6 A . ) JA PA NES E P OTT ERY

T O GH e e e e e e H U a primitiv pott ry was mad in Japan b for our ra, it was not till th e practice of te a-drinking n e ce ssitat e d a be tte r e Of e e class of war that anything artistic pr t nsions was mad e . I n th e e e c e Shiro zae m on e e T thirt nth ntury Kato , b tt r known as oshiro , e e C e th e e e th e C e e journ y d to hina to l arn s cr ts of hin s potte rs . On e he e th e ze e e his r turn mad first g la d war s, which consist d chi e fly Of tea-jars and tea-bowls of fine ston e w are with ri c h S treaky ze e e e e g la s , amb r brown , chocolat , and purplish black , som tim s

e e z e th e e e . sup rposed . A y llow g la e was add d in n xt g ne ration T e e ze S eto ‘u s u r i S e ze e e h s gla s, known as y , or to gla s, w r for long the c e T th e e nd Of the only ov ring for Japan e s e potte ry . owards S ee e e th e C e e Of C e ixt nth c ntury, aft r invasion of or a, a numb r or an potte rs we re transplante d to Japan by th e vi c torious Hide yoshi Tea and prove d a powe rful influe nce in Japane se ce ramics . e e e th e te a c e e Cl za no u drinking b cam an organis d cult , and so i ti s ( y ) - e e e th e acquire d a s e mi political signifi canc e . I n th ir ce r moni s tea - e e e the e drink rs studi d an almost rud simplicity, and war s ' afle cte d e e e Of e the e by th m w r an archaic charact r, so that pott rs had to d e vote th e mse lve s to copying the old Se t o and Corean e Th a e - e aze . e e c e e war s latt r in lud d w r s with g r yish whit gl , or g re y stone ware inlaid with white or black cla ys in what was call e d M i s lzl m cz e c Of tea- e styl e . Anoth r important lass war was a soft e e ze w red o r pott ry with smooth wax n g la in bro n , black, salmon , e c Ra e e b Co e y llow olours , known as ku war and introduc d y a r an e e e nam ed Ame ya e arly in th e sixt eenth c e ntury . A s al ng rav d th e Ra k u H e e Ch o iro th e e c with word ( appin ss) was g iv n to j , s ond e e th e 1 8 8 and ee e g n ration of family in 5 , has b n us d by his R e w as e de e e d e sce ndants e ve r S ince . aku war asily ma and r quir d only a low te mpe rature in the baking ; it has be e n manufac ture d l S3 I 5 4 POTTERY MAR KS

e e f e e by a larg numb r O pott rs, prof ssional and amateur, in various o f parts Japan . th e Ol e T e c e e Among d factori s akatori was not d for ri h , vari g at d and mahogany glaze s of th e Se to styl e ; Karatsu and Hag i for ware s of Core an typ e ; and Sh igarak i for roug h archai c pott e ry e c with blist re d and c orrugate d g laze . A ri h brown or slate y g re y e e ze c c e a c e ston war , with no g la at all or only an a id nt l ov ring , was mad e in B i ze n from e arly tim e s : admirably mod ell e d fi g u re s e fo r e e e at e c e and g roups hav long b n mad Imb , in this provin . A g re y ston e ware with transl u c e nt glaze sp e c ke d with brown was e a th e e Of S e e mad at Iw ki in provinc oma, and was g n rally e e e e e e th e c e e th e d corat d with a t th r d hors , prin ly badg of

c e . G e e f e e r e e e provin r y war with in inlaid whit o nam nt, a d v lop e th e C e M i r/l i m o e e m nt of or an styl , is p culiar to Yatsushiro and th e pro v inc e of I s e is disting uish e d by th e work of a c l e ve r h e e e B He amat eur of t e e i ght nth c ntury whos e art nam e is anko . R e e c C e e . also work d at Y do opying aku , or an , and Kioto war s His e e M Y us e ts u e e 1 8 0 s al was us d by ori , who r viv d his work in 3 , and who was furth e r note d for th e u se of inte rior moulds for his fi ne S ton e ware t e apots which Show outside th e fing e r-prints Of th e potte r . Th e Kl OtO ‘ e e e e e th e Of pott rs work d in v ry styl , but district Awata is sp e cially n ot e d for a b e autifu l potte ry with hard g re yish white body and transluc e nt glaz e s varying from g re y to cream In th e e h e e e e e colour and fi n e ly crackl e d . arly part of t s v nt nth c entury this war e was p ainte d in blu e or brown u nd e r th e glaze th e e e th e e e e e e but in latt r part of that p riod c l brat d pott r, whos e Nin se i e th e e e Of e e th e ze art nam is , l arnt s cr t nam lling on g la h e a e H ze He e h e fro m t e porc lain m k rs in i n . was follow d by t e z Kink o zan H z Taizan e e h e K n an , , o an , and oth r famili s w os d e s ce nda nts in many cas e s still produc e th e fin e ly e name ll e d ie c e B u t th e e e e th e Awata fa n . most b autiful pott ry of this typ is e e th e ce Of S ivory whit war of provin atsuma, with its lustrous T c e e c e e e e e c e . e v l v ty surfa and scarc ly p rc ptibl cra kl his war , whi h e the e e ee e und eco probably dat s from s v nt nth c ntury, was at first rate d ; enam ell e d ornam e nts we re sparingly appli ed in th e e igh te e nth c e e th e th e e ntury , but in modern tim s quality of war has ee d eg e n e rat e d and th e mass of de coration in c reas ed . Ind d a e th e e e T e e larg proportion of war is now s nt to okio, wh r it is T e e e e e ntire ly cove re d with ri ch e nam e ls and g ilding . h r w r oth e r and olde r ware s mad e in th e provinc e Of Satsuma Wi th

1 5 6 POTTERY MAR KS c e e e e th e e e e s ript or s al charact rs , mor rar ly in cursiv Japan s n T e e nd i n th e s ci ts u k u r u Ch writi g . h y commonly word or ( . c/zi /z e e c m ien e new e c ) mad , vari d by su h words as mad (p n il) cz a = Ts zck u r zc e th e drawn : g or y eg k zc painted . follow d by = = S e word K or e ( this ) is re ad K or e o ts u é u r u m ad e th is . om

h ( al zi lza n i . e e t e e in e [ . tim s mark nds , or sol ly consists of a , e s e e writte n s al ( e p . a flourish or sig n without lit rary m e aning . D at e marks are g ive n in two ways as on Chin e s e ware s : ( I ) 2 th e cyclical syste m whi c h is identi cal with th e Chine s e (p . 1 9 ) ( 2 ) th e nen o e th e C e e men into e g which corr sponds with hin s , b ing a e th e e e are e e e th e p riod , nam and l ng th of which d t rmin d by Th e e e 6 A h e . n D . t e Emp ror list of ng o b gan in 4 5 . but following s e ction beg inning in 1 3 7 0 is suffici ent for id e ntifying pott e ry Th e e e 1 w b e e i marks . e tabl of num rals on pag 3 7 ill us ful in th s conne ction . I n th e c olumns of Japan ese marks the h eading s in h e avy type a re th e e c e c e - e e ee e nam s of provin s . Pla nam s hav b n print d in e e e b e e th e e italics , wh r th y mi ght e oth rwis confused with nam s

e are . of pott rs , which print e d in ordinary typ e JAPANE SE POTTERY

TE EN JAPANESE DA S ( N GO ).

K en - t o k u

B u n - c hu 1 3 7 2

Ten -ju

K a- kits u

Bu n -an

Man -J I

Kwam -b u n

C hO-ro k u

Kwan -shO Te n -na

‘ B u n -sh t)

HO-e i

Ch O-k O ShO-to k u

- En t o k u KiO-hO

- Mci O G e m -b u n

B u n-k l - Kwa in po

- ' Ei shO Eh - k it)

Kn an -e n

HO-re ki

An -ei . 1 5 8 POTTERY MAR KS

‘ E NE N J APAN ESE DAT S ( GO ) .

- n 1 i Te m m e i O p . 8 9 s a c o mplete e x

a m l e o f a a a nese m a ih p J p rk , Kwan - se i d n a a e i e “ M c u . d e at to d . a O l i g t , K io-n a o am a i n So u e n in th e k y , th r Kii ,

B u n -k w a - s e a o f K a c i A. fir t y r ( D .

B e o are fi ve o e e am es o f B u n -se i l w th r x pl

- d ate m ark s . Tem -pO

K a -e i

Man -en

Me i-ji ne n TO-ye n

TO -ye n in the Me i -ji pe ri o d D 1 86 8 g (A. .

- B u n k w a nen sei Tai m in ne n s e i = m ad e i n the m ad e in the B n - k w d u a peri o Tai m in dynas ty A 0 . D . 1 8 Th e G ea ( 4 i e . r t Mi n g dynas ty o f th e Chi ne se A D 1 6 8 - 1 6 ( . . 3 4 4 )

1 6 0 N S OTT R —B S TTS JAPA E E P E Y IZEN, E U

M . D M D E T ESC T ON . SC ON ARK RIP I . ARK RIP I .

Bi zen Tsu shima

c . 1 8 2 0

1 th c en 9 t. N S OTT R —S TTS OMI H G JAPA E E P E Y E U , , I O 1 6 1

M D ES M . D ES T ON . . C T O N ARK C RIP I ARK RIP I .

8 0 0. 1 5

i Shigarak i U chu . Uichu o e o f , p tt r

1 7 th c ent .

Bairi n at B eppo 8 0 c . 1 0

Y a ts m /zi ro

1 8 0 c . 3 1 6 2 N S OTT R — H GO G I SE JAPA E E P E Y I , KA A,

M . D ES O M K D ES T ON C T N . AR . C RIP I . ARK RIP I

1 7 8 0 o nwar ds

c 1 8 0 . 5

TOk o

6 c . 1 8 0

OTT R —SUO S DO W 1 64 JAPANESE P E Y , A , A AJ I

M . T ON . MAR . D E N ARK D ESCRIP I K SC RIPTIO .

I w ak u ni

c 1 0 . 7 7

I wakuni

Kik k o (at Tada ) 1 8 c . 3 5

J u saIi -k e n m ark o f K ik k o N S OTT RY— M K I GA JAPA E E P E IZU I, II , 1 6 5

M D ES . C T O N . M ARK RIP I . D ESC T O N ARK RIP I .

Kwan -k e i

Kairak u ve n se i M . D ESC T O N. MARK . RIP I ARK

Nagato

1 8 6 c . 4

e xi st ed fro m 1 7 1 6 o nw ard s )

1 8 2 6

Rak u zan at

1 7 80 -1 8 4 0 Ak as/zz-u r a

Unyei at

1 8 0 c . 3

1 6 8 N S OTT R — S N T B W R JAPA E E P E Y A UKI , AM A, O A I — JAPANESE POTTE RY OWA RI 1 6 9

M D ESC T O N D ES ARK . RIP I . C RIPTI ON.

Ow ari

1 7 3 0 o nward s

G en (fo r G e mpin ) c 1 6 0 . 4

Toyo hachi

Toyosuk e — 1 70 JAPANE SE POTTERY OWARI AND KI OTO

D E M M . S T ON . ARK CRIP I . ARK

c . 1 8 2 0

Se i (fo r Ninsei )

1 7 th c ent .

Kiy o (mark u sed by

Harim a

— 1 7 2 JAPANESE POTTERY KIOTO

M D ESC T ON . . MARK . RIP I ARK

D oh ach i N S OTT R — T JAPA E E P E Y KIO O 1 73,

M . D ES T N . D E T O N C O . MARK SC RIP I . ARK RIP I

K i fo r Kite i

A to rto ise

Z o ro k u

Otan i : m ark u sed b y Z o ro k u

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N T O . M . D ESC T ON . MARK . D ESC RIP I ARK RIP I

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M D ESC T ON . . D E M . S T ON ARK RIP I ARK C RIP I .

G iyo k u -te i Ki unk e n ( Ki oto ) 1 th e 9 c nt. 1 8 c en th t .

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a 1 th 'cent e rly 9 .

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JA PA NES E P O RC E LA I N

THE ee e e e w as G o roda u GO-Sh ons u i pion r of Japan s porc lain y ,

e fi v e e a C e th e C -té - ch é n who sp nt y rs in hina l arning art at hing . Re turning to Japan in 1 5 1 5 h e mad e bl u e and white porce lain with importe d Chine s e mate rials ; but as h e was u nabl e to find th e e c e c c e e n ssary lay in Japan , his su c ss was only t mporary and l e ft nothing b ehind but th e knowl e dg e of pa inting in bl u e und e r ze Th e e e e e e e e e e a gla . r quisit mat rials , how v r, w r discov r d in th e e H ze C e e Risam e i the provinc of i n by a or an nam d p , about e 1 6 0 e e e e Tok uem o n y ar 5 , and forty y ars lat r two pott rs nam d e e e C e e e e e th e and Kaki mon , with som h lp from a hin s , d v lop d art of painting in e name l colours . A flourishing industry now th e e e sprang up in villag of Arita and its n ighbourhood , and much of th e ware found its way to Europ e on D ut ch ships

- T r th e s ea th e . t ading with Imari , port of Arita district his “ Ol d Japan porc e lain falls roug hly into two classe s : ( I ) a fi ne e e e o whit e ware with d e licat and spars d corati n of floral sprays , and e e e e e- u e birds , animals in brilliant nam ls , blu , mangan s p rpl , e e red— e a e e and 2 g r n , and commonly call d K ki mon war ; ( ) a e e e e e c e e c e h avi r, g r y r porc lain with rowd d ornam nts hi fly in e e re d e dark impur blu , soft Indian , and gold , obviously mad Tw o e e c e Ol d e . for xport, and ommonly call d Imari war oth r factori e s in th e provin c e of Hi ze n We re c e l ebrat e d in the h on e e ighteenth and th e first half of th e nin et e enth cent u rie s ; t e Ok aw a i e th e e th e e c e N ab e sh ini a at j, und r patronag of f udal hi f of , e Mik aw a i e e th e e th e and the oth r at j, tak n und r prot ction of The H ce w as th e e c hi ef of Hirado in 1 7 5 1 . irado por lain fin st l e made in Japan ; and th e b e st spe cim ens w e re painted in a pa e e e ec e o but pure blu e of g r at d licacy, a favourit subj t b ing b ys five e e e th e e e e , , playing und r an anci nt pin , numb r of boys , s v n

o r ee th e th e e e . thr , indicating quality of pi c

1 8 1 POTTE RY MAR KS

I n 1 6 6 0 G Sa i ro e th e c e s et oto J , a nativ of provin of Kaga, c e th e e c e th e e out to dis ov r s r ts of Arita pott rs , and from his re turn in 1 6 6 4 date s th e g rowth of a flourishing industry at - e e c e Kutani mura and its n ighbouring villag s . Kaga por lain was Ch iefl o e c e e — e e e e re d y n t d for its ri h nam ls blu , g r n , purpl , and e ith e r paint e d in th e Arita styl e or laid on in bro ad wash e s ov e r I n th e e e e formal de sig ns pe n c ille d in blac k . nin t nth ce ntury a e e e re d sp cialty was mad of d coration in and g old, which has com e to b e re garde d as typi cal of Kag a ware . Th e Ki o to potte rs did not turn th e ir atte ntion to porc e lain c e h till th e en d of th e e ighte e nth e ntury . Eis n was t e first and h e o e Mok ub e i R ok u b e i E irak u D oh ach i was f llow d by , , , , and a e e Th S e c e e e e . e e e numb r of oth r cl v r pott rs to fa tori s, d stin d b e th e c e o w e e e e to most produ tiv in Japan , th ir knowl dg of

e - Tam ik ich i e e e th e e e porc lain making to Kato , who p n trat d s cr ts th e e th e e e th e n e ee e of Arita p ott rs in first d cad of in t nth c ntury. Chin e s e influ e n ce is almost always appare nt in Japan e se c e th e e e e por lain , and arly war s, if mark d at all , usually display 1 e e M e C e e . e a hin s dat , symbol , or mark of comm ndation or ov r, th e b e tte r factori e s we re dire ctly und e r th e patronag e of a fe udal ’ chi e f who did not p e rmit th e w orkm e n s nam e s to appear on h e T no t th e e e e ce e t ware s . hus it is till nin t nth ntury that tru ’ potte rs marks are common o n Japane s e porc e lain ; and much M of th e old e r ware s have no mark at all . arks b e g inning w ith ” “ e 1 86 e th e words D a i s p on ( s e p . ) may b safe ly regarde d - e e as of nin e te e nth c ntury dat .

1 ' h e n i en /zaoo f the Ch é n Hu a a . Se a n Su c as t C a C a . h g (J p ik ) , hi hi g (J p ' - Man- e en L n a K e n-ri K a se i W an Li a . C u . u fo r c see ), (J p r ki ) , h i g (J p ) whi h P I 3 5

— 1 84 JAPANESE POR CELAIN COMMENDATI ON MAR KS

M . D E T N M K SC O . . DESC T O AR RIP I ARK RIP I N.

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D M . ESC T N O . M ARK RIP I ARK .

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1 9 th c e nt .

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— 1 8 8 JAPANESE PORCELAI N KI OTO

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Mak uzu K o zan K osai tsuk uru m ad e b y Ma k u z u K o z an . K i oto 1 8 5 1

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late 1 9 th cent .

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M . N M . ARK D ESC RIPTI O . ARK

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I ND EX O F NAM ES

Aalmes Ben e 1 1 2 , 4 7 tl y , a n 0 ro , 7 Be ( l e A rg , , 4 7 bso o n 1 0 2 l , Be e A rg r, 3 5 c a d 6 h r , 5 Be e ac 6 A rg r , 9 dams 1 1 1 1 1 , , 8 Be i n 2 A rl , 3 , 37 e 68 ir , Be rl o t 0 A , 3 ban 1 1 Baa n Bern Al y , 4 , 49 , 5 4 ba e z 0 l r , 9 5 Be o n 1 A 9 rt li i , 7 b ss o a 2 1 Paae .e 1 0 Be and 2 8 6 Al i l , y , 9 rtr , , 3 k 1 OC 08 1 1 8 B aden Bes o G . 1 8 , , , 39 i , , fiFco ra 6 8 ° Ba na a 1 2 Be n 1 ) 4 , 9 1 9 g r , ti i , 3 Al is and ro Mae s o 1 6 Ba no o I o Be ans 1 0 , tr , g l , v , 5 e n 8 B a u e I I o Be n o n 1 0 All , 9 g l y, vi gt , 5 e s 2 8 Ba e 1 1 1 B d e o d 1 06 All r , il y , i f r , e s 1 0 i a k e r 1 0 B n s e 8 Alli , 4 , 5 illi g l y , 9 Al l ua ud Ba lda u to nio 1 B n 2 , 7 3 , 7 i g , 5 e n v n n a m I I , a , 1 Ba ld e ms 2 B i h , 7 Alph 3 , g Al tro hl au 0 B hl ae s tro 6 B c 1 0 , 4 aldessar, , ir h , 9 mbe Ba ano a Bis o 1 1 8 r , 3 7 h p , A g r wk , 5 3 ' ms e 0 Ba rbize t 1 B s o s \Val tham 1 1 6 A t l , 5 , 7 i h p , ms e d a m 0 Blé B . 1 mo nt d e t r , 4 9, 5 a ce a , I . S , , 5 7 , 5 A r ll , 7 9 nd e a e us 1 Baris e lio 1 B o nd e 68 A r , P tr , 3 , 7 l l , nd eo M B B aes o G . 2 a e 1 1 oo A r li , tr , , 7 rk r, 4 l r, 97 And riae nsz B n a e 1 1 Roc h 1 1 , 45 ar s t pl , 8 , 4 , 5 n a o u 1 Ba o n 6 6 B od e l 1 1 A g r , 9 r , 4 , 7 l 7 o u m B B n ie r n e e 6 a o n G . 1 oc c A g l , 9, 7 5 r i , , 9 , 4 5 Anre iter 0 B B a e v an de r , 4 a 1 0 1 o rt , , 49 rr , g ns bac 0 Bas sa no 1 BOIs e tte A h , 3 , 35 , 9 , 73 B B na 1 A to nib n B . 1 o o n o , . , 9 as so 66 l , 3 G , g n on o 1 Ba no e s 0 Bo nd ino 60 A t i , 3 tig ll , 7 , A s i Bo ne ol a d nr 1 Ba s a G . 1 8 , 7 ti t , , , 95 A ie llo 2 Ba n 1 1 1 Bo nn 1 p , 4 tki , , e 6 Ba 1 1 Bo nne fi 6 Apr y . 7 tty , 3 y , 5 Bo nn n 1 1 A t 6 Ba eu 0 i , 5 p , 7 y x , 7 anda 0 Ba o n 1 1 Bo n e nc ie r 2 2 Ar , 9 yl , 4 p , Bo o e 1 08 1 1 1 1 8 A denne s Ba e u 0 t , , 4 , r , 5 yr th , 3 , 3 5 1 0 1 1 1 1 8 du s 66 Beau a s 0 Booth , 9 , 4 , Ar , v i , 5 7 , 59 , 7 Bo dea u ns ad 0 Bec van , r x , 73 Ar t t , 3 k , 4 7 as 2 Bed ea u 6 P o re l li 2 1 6 Arr , 7 , 3 , , 5 zob s o 0 Beec 1 1 Bo r a no I 8 Ar i p , 9 h , 5 g , o c o s c a no 6 Be as 1 06 Bo r o San Sep l r , A i , lf t , g s o 1 1 0 Be 1 06 2 2 A hw rth , ll , s b u 1 08 B e e Vu e 1 02 1 0 Bo ne 60 , 6 1 A t ry, ll , , 5 r ,

e o B . 2 0 anas o 1 Be ee Bot r , , At i , 5 ll k , 95 u s b 2 B e e e 1 6 8 011 1 1 u , 5 ll vill , 7 , 7 , 3 A g rg 7 , 3 0 u 26 Be e 1 0 Bo ttc n rube r, 5 , 4 us u s I I . , lp r, 3 g 3 A g t , 2 1 2 u 1 1 8 Benede o Mae s ro Ban e r, 6 , 3 3 . 3 A lt , tt , t , 5 us z 1 Benne 1 1 Bo ne e rea u 67 A pit , 4 tt , 4 I 93 P OTTERY MARKS

B o nfii o u x 2 8 Ca el l e ti 2 1 Co zz G . 2 , p , i , , 3 , 3 B ou a d 60 Ca o d i Mo n e 2 8 C a ne 1 1 6 l r , p t , 3 , 4 , 9 r ,

B o u e a d de S t. n o ne C ara s s u s 2 C e 6 l v r A t i , , 4 r il , 9 6 C ar d na 0 Cre tté 1 7 i l , 3 , 5

B ou e a d e s I a ens 6 Car Cazs a ri 1 0 Cre va n i F. 1 l v r d t li , 7 i , , , , 9

B o u e a d P o isso niere 6 Carocc i a bbri CO . 8 Cro l iu s 1 1 l v r , 7 , F , , 4 B o u o ne Ca r 1 06 C o s 6 0 l g , 74 twright , r , 4 , 9 B o u e 1 1 Casa o a 1 C os s e 1 1 6 lt r, 5 Pir t , 4 r l y, B o u rdo n Ca s amene 6 Cu shma nn 1 1 , 7 3 , 9 , 4

B o u rd u 60 Ca s e G . 1 2 Cu stine , lli , , , 5 5 B o u rd u s Cas e D u an e 8 Cu s od e 60 , 7 7 t l r t , t , B o u l a R e ne 6 Cas e 2 1 2 2 C u n s rg i , 9, 73 t lli , , ti , 4 B o u o u n 6 Cas o n 68 Cu z io rg i , 7 till , , 4 ‘ B o u ne 1 0 1 0 8 Cas e o d 1 0 C fll é 6 r , 3 , tl f r , 3 y . 4 4 . 5 5 . 5 B o us s emart 6 C au e 6 C l es 1 1 1 , 3 ghl y . 95 , 9 y p , B o w 1 0 1 Ca u do n 1 1 8 , 93 . 95 . l , Bo e n 1 0 Ca u s s 6 Dac e 1 1 6 w , 4 y , 7 r , B o w e s 1 1 0 C a e 1 0 D a o t 6 r , h il y , 5 g y , 7 B o e 1 0 C a m be a n 1 0 1 D a e 6 1 08 yl . 99. 7 h rl i , l , 9 , B rac ha rd C a mbe s 1 1 6 D a e a 1 0 8 , 7 7 h r , l H ll ,

B a ma G . 1 Cha no u D a e v a n r , , 5 , 74 l , , 49 B ra m e ld 1 0 2 C a n 8 0 2 D a z , 99, h tilly , 5 , 7 , 7 lwit , 39 Da m B a nd F . 2 1 C a es X . m 0 6 r i , , h rl , 79 , 3 , 3 B ra nna m 1 1 8 C au 66 D a mma n 68 , h x , , B e e nbac 8 C e a a m 1 1 1 D an e 1 0 1 1 2 r it h , 3 h th , i l , 5 4 , 9, B e s a u 0 C e s ea m o Dar e u b e r 0 r l , 4 h l . 93 . 95 . 96. , 5 B e b 1 1 C d 1 1 0 D arté r t y , 7 hil , , 7 5 B e e u 80 C od o 2 0 D a e n o r 1 1 2 1 1 r t il , hi , v p t , 99 , , 3

B e v a n d e n C o s . d e 6 D a e s 1 0 ri l , , 4 5 h i y , H , 7 v , 4 B nd e 1 06 C o s -l e -Ro D a so n 1 0 2 ri l y , h i y y , 74 w , B o Chol l e t 6 D a 1 1 6 ri t , 5 9 , 9 y , D 1 B s n o n 1 0 Ciafi ic o L . A. 2 1 ec ri li gt , 4 , , k , 7 B s o 8 1 00 1 0 C ma n I 6 D e - ri t l , 93 , 95 , 9 , , 4 i i , lft . 43 49

i a . D e nb 1 0 B o n 1 0 C m tt A R . 1 6 ritt , 3 i, , y , 3 B roil l e t 6 C nc nna 1 1 D e rb 6 -8 1 0 , 7 i i ti , 4 y . 93 . 9 . 4 B o u e 6 C a di Ca s e o D e re nne s 6 r w r, 4 , 4 7 itt t ll , 4 , 7 B o n 1 1 0 1 1 8 Cl a v areau 1 D e rue l l e r w , , , 7 , 7 5 B ro w nfie ld s 1 1 Cl e fii u s D es s 68 , 7 , 4 5 vre , B u e s 1 C e men s o n 1 1 D e e s 1 r g , 5 l t , 3 v r , 7 B u s s e s 1 Cl e r ic i e c e 1 8 D e a r l , 5 , F li , xtr . 4 5 . 4 7 B uc ca ro 1 2 Cl é riss 6 Die u l I , 4 4 , 94 , 3 y , 4 , 65 , C B uc a d 1 2 C e mo nd - e a nd 66 D i hl hw l , 3 , 3 l r F rr , , 7 5 B u d au 0 C e ed o n 1 1 D o n 6 , 4 l v , 9 ij , 4 B u d e s 0 C e w s 1 1 2 D n 1 0 w i , 4 l , illwy , 5

B u e n R e o 8 , 1 2 C o n J u nc o n 1 1 6 D mmoc 1 1 tir , 9 9 , , 7 9 lift ti i k , B u e r e n v an d er Cl i nanco u rt D o mede 1 g , , 49 g , 7 5 i , 3 B u r e s s 1 1 8 C os e e sdo 8 Dirm s te iii 0 g , l t r V il rf, 3 , 3 B u r van de r Coa o D 1 1 2 2 2 h , , 4 5 , 5 , 6 u a 2 , 1 , , g lp rt 9 9 ir t , B u s em 1 00 1 0 1 0 8 1 1 - Co brid e 1 0 8 1 1 2 D sd e 0 r l , , 7 , , 7 9 g , , i i r, 9

B u r o n 1 1 6 Co c co re se . 2 1 D o n 1 0 2 t , , C , ix , B u o n -o u -T en 1 1 Co c e D c a 2 rt r t , oc , 3 7 k r, 97 i , 3 B u s c c an 1 D h , 3 5 Co , 1 oc 1 0 hr 9 , 4 B cl o k Co dno a 1 0 Do es v an d er y , 4 9 r P rk , 3 , , 4 7

C o mb ra 1 Do me ni o Z . 1 i , 9 g , , 7 Cadbo ro u h 1 0 Co e b oo da e 6 Do n o e 1 0 2 1 0 g , 5 l r k l , 9 p tt ry , , 3 Cad o an 1 0 2 Co n 66 Do na dso n 1 0 1 g , li , l , C ae n Co o ne 2 2 8 D o n n 1 0 2 , 7 4 l g , 5 , ki ,

C a f a io l o . Co mmo nda e 1 1 6 D o no a n g g , 4 5 l , v , 97 Ca'id as 8 1 Co ndito re D on at 1 0 , 9, 9 y, 37 y , 4 Ca d e 1 0 Co nra d e 60 Do o ne 6 l w ll , 7 , r , 4 Cal w e d e 0 C o o s on 1 0 D o e z 6 2 u , , 4 4 , 5 k , 9 r , 3 , 7 ' C amb a 6 Co e and 1 1 D ortu r y , 9 p l , 99 , 3 , 5 5 C a mb a n 1 0 1 0 Co e n a e n 2 Do ua 68 ri , 4 , 5 p h g , 4 4 , 5 i ,

Ca m o ri . Ma a 6 Co rne lis z 8 D o u o n 1 06 1 1 p , F ri , , 4 lt , , 9 Cand ana 1 Co u c e es 6 D esd e n 26 i , 9 r ll , 9 r , . 33 . 34 l l 2 Co u r til l e d e l a D e u 80 Cantig a i, 1 , , 74 r x ,

POTTERY MARKS

Ha e naU o e 1 0 6 g . 44 . 5 5 yl , e zsc ma H Kr t h r, 3 5 a e s 10 8 H u a r l , be udié e , d e l a 6 Kre ussen 2 2 8 2 H , 7 , 5 , , 9 a 1 1 1 ll , H il be ne r 1 1 ru is w e 6 H , 5 g , 4 a e 6 ll y , u e 6 ru k 8 H 7 H t , 9 y , 4 Ha l s fo rt 68 , u 1 0 2 u i c 8 H ll , l k , 4 a mb u 1 r , 3 u me , 1 1 fi ne rs ber 2 H g H l 5 g , 9 a m o n 1 0 u n 1 1 H ilt , 9 H t , 3 Hammek e i s o n 1 02 La R , 5 5 ylt , o c e e 66 H h ll ,

a mmen v an 8 La. Se inie 6 H , , 4 , 7 a m me La fo nd e 0 H r, 3 5 , 5 Hana 1 L afr n e ri A . , 3 , , 1 1 ancoc 8 1 0 1 La e ns 6 H k , 9 , h , 7 ' and 1 1 L s e Sa n D en s H , 5 i l i t i , 75 a n e 1 00 1 0 8-1 1 0 L a n 1 0 H l y , , ki , 7 anno n 1 6 1 La ma u e 0 H s . 3 . 3 . 5 5 . 7 . rq , 7 6 La ma e 6 7 rr , 7 a d i n 1 0 1 1 0 Lambe 1 r , , H g 9 rt , 7 Ha rdm u th 0 Lambe 1 0 , 4 th , 93 , 5 , 1 06 a e 1 1 La mme ns 1 H rk r, 4 , 5 Harl e e s 6 Lam o ninar 2 , 4 y , 7 a e 1 1 1 Landa s 0 H rl y, i , 7 a e 1 0 L D rtl y , 3 ane e 1 00 1 1 0 1 1 1 H lph , , , a a nd 1 Lane vil , 4 End , 1 1 1 1 1 2 H 99, , ea 1 0 1 06 1 0 Lanfre H th , 4 , , 9 y , 5 5 e a c o e 1 1 1 Lan e a s 0 H th t , g i , 7 H e b rix 2 L an e s 6 , 5 gi r , 5 e ne La e e 66 H g r, 5 4 pi rr , H e ich e i i s 0 La e 2 , 3 rg , 5 H e l chis L 2 Las s ia , , 3 , 74 e m e Lau c e H p l , 3 5 h , 3 4 H e m 1 1 Lau n v a n hill , 5 , , 4 9 H e n e rs o n 1 1 Lau ra u a is Com e e , 5 g , t d , 74 e nne b e r 8 La u e 6 H g , 3 ri r, 9 e n I L L a a e 68 H ri , 5 7 , 5 9 v ll , e cu a ne um 8 1 0 Le B u n H r l , 9 , 3 r , 7 3 e e nd 0 L e D u e 6 H r , 4 , 7 He rm ansz 8 Le anco s , 4 fr i , 74 ’ e o d L ital ien ne 0 H r l , 3 4 , 7 He rre bde 2 Le No e 2 2 , 4 4 , 5 v , 3 , 4 e s s Le R c e H , 4 9 i h , 7 7 e sse D a ms ad 8 Le o u a n 66 H r t t , 3 V l t , e u v a n d e r Lee 1 0 1 H l , , 4 5 , He w el ch e 2 Le e ds 1 0 , 3 , 3 , 3 e 6 Le e b e 60 6 H y i 4 f vr , , 3 e 2 Le i e ro Higl r, 7 , Pi t , 7 a e 6 1 Le 68 1 1 8 Hil ir , igh , , Hilditc h 1 00 1 1 1 Le iham e r 1 , , , 3 o e 1 1 8 Le ma e 6 Hill p tt ry, ir , 7 s ano -mo es u e 0 Le m e Hi p r q , 9 ir . 4 4. 5 4 HOCh s t 0 Le o na d u s , 3 , 3 5 , 3 6 r , 49 o e e v a n d e r 8 Leo o d 6 H v , , 4 p l , 5 Ho fd ic k Les s e l 1 , 47 , 3 ' flma nn Le ss re 1 1 Ho , 5 4 o , 3 HOhr- e nz aus e n 2 8 Le s ad e 66 Gr h , tr , H o ldsh i 1 0 1 Le su m 2 p , 97 , , 3

o and 1 1 L e a n no L . 20 H ll , 3 v ti , , o n s ead 1 1 Le as seu 1 H lli g h , 4 v r, 7 o ns 1 0 Liance H lli , 9 , 77 Ho l lits ch 0 L an e 0 , 4 i t , 7 H onck e bo u r 2 8 L e e 1 , i g , 5 o no é 6 L o n 6 H r , 7 igr , 9 o o n v an L e 8 6 2 H r , , 4 7 ill , 5 , 3 , 7 Ho e s te in 6 L mbac 8 pp , 4 i h , 3 o u v an d e n 5 L mo es x 0 6 H k , , 4 i g . 4 . 5 9. 7 . 73 . 7 H o u s e Lmd ne r l , 7 5 , 35 Ho u zé 6 L sb n 1 2 81 CO. , 8 i o , 9 , 9 IND X OF NAM S I E E 9 7.

L e Masse Th ittl r, lli , . , 1 6 M cock 1 1 6 y , Li ve r o o Masso n 1 p 93 94 . 9 , 7 Loc e 1 2 0 atha ux 0 k , , 7 N anc 0 y , 7 Loc e fia e 1 0 1 1 1 N a n e s 6 k r, 97 y r, 9 , t , 7 Loc e 1 0 Mea n 20 k tt , 7 ki , 1 Na n a 6 8 tg rw, 9 , 9 Loc e Med c 2 2 2 r , 74 i i , , Na es 2 1 2 pl , 3 , , 4 Lo d 1 Mee 1 06 i , 9 r, N as t , 7 5 Loe b ni Mee v an de r N g , 34 r, , ea e 1 0 8 49 l , Lo ndon 1 02 Me 1 , i h , 09 N e uc a e g h t l , 5 4 Lo n o 1 1 2 Me 1 0 1 06 1 , 99 . r, 4 , , 1 3 N e u mar 0 gp rt i k , 4 Lon o n Hal l hi e l s s en 2 2 t , 93 , 99 r ) 61 1 4 7 N e e s 8 60 g 3 3 3 35 1 v r , 5 , Lo nne 0 “ 0 N e bo d 1 1 1 , 3 93 . 3 w l , Lo osd ec 0 Me mm i n en 2 N e cas e 10 2 1 1 r ht , 5 g , 9 w tl , , 4 Me nne 8 Lo ra n R . l e c 0 2 e w r i , , 77 y , 5 , 7 , 7 N a H ll , 99 Lo r a ne 6 Me nnek en 2 2 8 N e w r i , 5 , 7 , Yo 1 1 rk , 4 Me n e n Lo u s I I . 0 N c o as 1 1 i XVI , 79 t , 3 i h l , 4 Lo u s e 6 Me c a 2 2 N co a da b no i Philipp , 75 , 7 . 79, r ti , i l Ur i , 9 80 Me ce 1 1 Nico l e i 1 r r, 5 t , 9 L 2 o a 1 0 Me no G . 1 0 N de v tt , , , , 1 e rli 7 i rvill r , 4 4, 5 5 Lo e s b 1 0 Me sc 8 N me s 66 w y , 4 h , 4 i , Lo e s o 8 1 0 1 Me ac 1 Noe 1 6 w t ft , 93 , 9 , ttl h , 4 x , Lo wnd s 1 1 e tzs ch N o n , 3 M , 3 5 ne , 38 Lfi dick e 2 Meu do n 0 No ma n 1 0 , 3 , 7 r , 5 Lu do co Maes o 1 6 1 Me e No o n 1 1 vi , tr , , 7 y r. 5 4 rt , 4 Lu d s b ur Me ze No n ham 1 0 wi g , 37 r, 5 4 tti g , 3 Lu né vi 18 6 M dde d No e 1 . 44 . 5 5 . 5 i l ijk , 45 v , 9 Lu tri M a n 1 8 No o n 0 , 5 4 il , w t y, 4 Lu e mb u 0 1 M de de 6 0 N u embe 2 x rg , 5 , 5 il , , 44 , 4 , 5 r rg , 9 L m an 1 1 Mill id e 1 1 N m e nbu 6 y , 4 g , 3 y ph rg , 3 , 37 L ons 8 60 M nd e n 2 N o n y , 5 , i , 3 y . 44 . 5 5 Mi n o n 1 0 1 1 t , 99, 7 , 3 , 1 1 6 Mac n 1 08 M a a a 1 hi , ir g i , 9 Mac n re 1 0 s 1 1 1 i ty , 7 , 1 20 Mi t , Mad d 1 2 Moab ri , 9 , 9 it , 37 M a a 8 1 Mé bius fr , 9, 9 , 35 Ma nz 1 o 1 1 i , 3 M hr, 3 M l a é ria t, 63 Moitte , 75 Ma nes 1 ombae rs 1 li , 5 M , 5 Ma n 1 0 2 Mond o 1 8 li g, vi , Ma e 6 1 o n ino t 6 ll t , M g , 7 Ma a 2 Mon is 60 lt , 9 g , Mana a Baldasa ra 1 Monn e r , , 5 i r, 73 M ana rd 1 ontarc O de i, 9 M y , . , 75 Man ses 8 0 Mo n a u ban 66 ad ua 1 i , 9 , 9 t , P , 9 Mann 1 Mo n e a 2 , t , 5 P hl , 3 a p u x Ma ns fie l 8 Mo n e u o 6 P i . 7 . 77 , 9 t l p ,

Ma ans 66 Mo n e e 66 a is s 6 , 0 P l y . 5 7 . 5 9. 9 7 , r , tp lli r, rb r 1 Mo n e u 8 Li a u g , 3 tr il , 74 9 a me 0 Ma rco l ini Moo e 1 0 2 1 1 0 1 1 , 1 1 8 P l , 4 , 34 r , , , 7 M e a me 1 08 Ma c o n G . 1 o P , , l r r i , 9 r l , 74 a e 1 Mo rfro 2 8 Pa l vadeau 6 M r , 06 y , , 7 a doe 1 00 10 Mar fo rio S ebas ano di 8 Mo an 1 1 P r , , 4 , ti , rg , 5 a e e 6 Mar a Sa ado 0 Mor ice 6 P r , 4 i lv r, 9 , 7 a s 2 6 Ma a Z o ni 8 Morreine 6 P ri , 69 1 7 1 747 ri , , , 7 A 1 M s 1 00 1 1 P a ris toe Do n 1 an a mone di . 0 o Mar i , Si , rri , , 5 , , 9 a 1 Mar e n o ne e Mo a e 1 0 Pasc , 7 , l i A t i tt , 75 rtl k 5 as s a u 2 6 2 Ma e be 2 2 Mo oc 1 0 2 P , , 9 ri rg . 3 . 44 . 5 . 5 3 rtl k , a a na 1 0 Ma s e es 8 6 MOSCOW P t , r ill , 5 , 5 , 73 . 44 . 5 3 . 54

ars a 1 1 1 Mose e 1 0 P a ta nazzi, 1 0 M h ll , l y , 7 a as 60 Ma n 1 1 6 Mose 1 P tr , rti , r, 4 a a 1 8 M ar e s 6 Mos e 1 1 0 P vi , 4 , tr , 9 l y , e a ar e Ma m m v an 6 Mo uc ard 66 P rl w , 94 , , 4 h ,

2 Mo u ns 6 Pe l is ie , 0 Marx , 9 li , 9 7

e s 8 6 6 Pe l l e vé , Mason 1 00 , 1 1 0 Mou sti r , 5 , 4 , 5 7 3 , P l li ario N co la . 1 e i , 9 Mu sso B 8 , Massé , 5 6 , , p n 6 re ll s 1 M a 1 1 1 P ello u i , 4 Massa o , 9 y tt , q POTTERY MAR KS

e nco d 1 0 uin u ir 66 R e 1 0 P y , 4 Q q y , y , 5 e nn n o n 1 0 P i gt , 3 e nn s 6 R adfo d 1 0 1 1 1 Saar em ii nd 6 P i , 4 , 4 7 r , 4 , g , 5 e d u 6 1 R ae e n 2 2 2 8 Sa d e 8 1 0 P r , r , 5 , 7 , l r , 9 , 3 - - e e ra 2 Ra n o 1 1 St. mand l e s Eau 6 6 P r i , 9 i f rth , 4 A x , 3 , 4 , e r n 6 Ra mb u s ch 1 P r i , 5 , 3 7 4 e o n R a ea u 6 Sa n mans 0 P rr ti , 7 7 t , 7 i t A , 7 ’ e u a 1 0 R a o 1 S t . n o n s 1 0 2 P r gi , 4 , t , 9 A t y , A Sa n m esa ro 6 8 Ra . 2 0 C e o n 0 P , , 7 , tti , , i t l t , 7 esce o 2 0 R au ens e n Sa n C o u d 8 6 2 80 P tt , t i , 39 i t l , 5 , 3 , 7 , P e te rinck 0 R a e nna 1 6 Sa n D e n s 6 , 5 v , i t i , 7 e 6 1 6 R a mo nd 6 Sa n Lo n e 6 P tit , 3 , 7 , 7 y , 7 i t g , 9 - m St. e 6 a z Z w e ibrii ck e n 6 R a ne riu s E . 1 O 8 Pf l , 3 y , , 5 r,

a u R ec um v o n 6 St. a ul 68 Pf , 5 4 , , 3 P , '

P fe ifi e r 0 Re n a 1 S t . e e s b u , 3 i th l , 4 P t r rg, 44 , 5 3 , 5 4

P flu e r 81 CO . R e me 1 Sa n o c a e g , 5 5 y , 7 i t P r h ir , 5 7 , 5 9 ade a 1 1 R enac 6 Sa n e s Phil lphi , 5 , 9 i t , 5 7 , 5 9

P hil l i e l l F . 6 e na u d Sal imbe ne g u s , , R , 5 4 , 7

1 0 2 1 1 2 R e nne s 6 Sal o mini G . 20 Phillips , , , 7 , , mo ne 2 c o n 66 R e e e nd 2 Sa o . 0 Pi h , v r , 7 l , G c ma n 1 R e o 60 Sa o a n 6 Pi k , 9 v l , l pi , 95 , 9 P idl e r 1 06 R e ens 8 Sa 1 0 , yg , 4 lt , 9 P i e te rs z R c 1 06 Sa aze 1 0 , 49 i h , lt l , 7

n on 1 1 6 R ic a d L . CO. 1 8 Sa z u r 1 Pilki gt , h r , , , l g , 4 P i ll iv u t 6 R ic k hu s s 1 0 Sa mad e 66 y , 7 , 9 t , nde 1 0 8 R d a 1 00 1 1 0 1 1 Sa nd v an d er Pi r, i w y , , , 7 , , 49 ’g n o n 8 R ifll e t 2 8 San u co 1 1 Pi xt , 9 , Q iri , e n a mm e 0 R e 1 00 1 0 8 Sa ns 1 06 Pirk h r, 4 il y , , , sa 6 R m n 1 6 Sanso nt 0 Pi , i i i , , 7 P i a a s o tti 1 R s o 60 S de o s . 1 , 4 i t ri , rg l 9 z 2 R ob e 6 Sarre u imm e s 6 Pit , 7 rt , 5 , 7 3 g , 5

a n 1 1 1 R o cco G . 2 1 Sa no . P . 1 Pl t , , , vi , G , 3 as v an d e r 68 R o c n h am 1 0 2 Sa o na 2 0 2 1 Pl , , ki g , 99, v , ,

an e Bo nco irant CO . R od e s 1 1 6 Sa 6 Pl ti r, , , g r , vy , 5 66 Rod u e 60 Sc e au 66 riq , x , , 73 ' mo u 8 I 0 Roes c 8 Sch aflhau sen 2 Ply th . 93 . 95 . 9 . 4 h , 3 , 5 , 4 4 , 5 5 oss n e 2 R o e 60 S c a e 2 P i g r, 9 g , h p r, 9 o e s 6 Ro e s 1 0 8 Sc a 2 P iti r , 7 g r , h rf, 9 o obe o 1 06 Ro and 66 Sc e e n 0 P rt ll , l , h lt , 4 P o m io 1 0 Ro e 1 1 Sc e p , l t , hi , 49 - - o n au x C o u R o mb a ldo ni H. 8 S c a e n a d P t h x , 7 5 , , hl gg w l , 39 P o nte inx 6 R o me 1 Sc e s 1 , 7 , 3 hl wig , 3 oo e 1 0 Ro m e di 2 Sc m d 2 P l , 7 , 9 h i . 9 ’ P O o fl R nd e b u s h 1 1 S ch ne de 6 P . 44 . 5 4 o , 5 i r, 3 o e sdo 1 R o o o od 1 1 Sc hoe l c h er 6 P pp l rf, 3 , 5 5 kw , 4 , 7 P o tsch a e l ROrs trand 2 Sc o 1 1 p p , 3 9 , 44 , 5 h ll , 5 o s dam 2 Ro sa 0 Sc oo n o e n P t , 3 , 3 h h v , 45 o e R ose 6 Sch re itzh eim 2 P tt r, 7 5 , 9 , 9 o s 1 0 8 R e 1 Sc h ronv o e l 2 P , o s i , 1 8 2 1 g , 9 tt , tt , 9 P o u h e t 66 R o ss 1 Schu man , i , 9 , 3 7 o u s se R o tte be r 8 Sco 1 0 2 1 06 P li , 49 g , 3 tt , ,

u n ne 1 0 eb as ano N . 2 Po , 4 R o e da m 7 0 S ti , , 3 t y 4 , tt r , 5 P ou at R ou bil ia c 6 Se e y , 7 4 , 9 g r. 37 ra u e R oue n 8 60 -62 Se o a 1 P g , 39 , 5 , g vi , 9 a 1 1 1 R o u 6 Se ne 60 Pr tt , y, 3 ig ,

e m e . 1 e s , 68 R o i o an o A. da Se imo , D M. , 7 Pr i r , v g , X t 9 es no Mae s o 8 Roze nb u d e n aa 1 Se e 0 1 Pr ti , tr , rg H g , 4 vill , 9 , 9

ou dman 1 1 Ru e d e B o nd Se e s 8 ' 1 Pr , 4 y , 7 5 vr , 5 , 5 9 7 1 931 u d o mme 6 8 R e ru s s o l 6 1 00 Pr h , u e d C . 75 9 , u en e d e Ar7 o bis o 0 R u e e o nco u Se e s 1 0 2 P t p , 9 d P pi rt , 7 5 w ll , u er as 1 0 R e R eu S fo rz za P t . u e d illy , 7 4 , 49 u 1 R a Ro u e e 1 S a 1 0 1 06 1 0 8 P ll , 7 u e d e l q tt , 7 , 7 4 h w, 4 , ,

u e n v an C . R a s e S e o n 1 0 8 1 1 0 , O , 4 , ue d u e C ou 7 h lt , , P tt , 3 49 P tit r l , 4 P nack e r 8 R e T ir u x S o e 8 1 0 y . 4 7 . 4 . 49 u h o , 7 5 h r , 9 , 5 R u s n 1 1 Sh o rth o se 1 00 1 0 ki , 7 , , 9 u m e 6 R Siccard i 2 0 Q i p r, 7 u s s ing er , 7 4 ,

I N D EX OF I NI TI A LS

A‘ I 2 1 2 2 0 2 w L. 1 1 1 4 1 S1 1 1 1 1 8 0 D . in mo no am 6 3 3 , gr , 9 0 62 0 w A 2 3 5 . 5 . 5 3 . . 74 . 75 . 9 . . , 0 0. D . L. 1 1 w A. . S 1 F . 0. 60 9S , 4 40 , 1\ A w B 62 2 1 0 0 . F. L . in mo no ram . n . 59. . 7 . 7 g , 5 5

A B ' 2 1 5 4 1 6 1 77 y C . 6 2 0 A ih m no m 2 w . o a D . 2 r , 7 , 3 5 , 6 , 0. G . 111 mono am 1 0 g 77 gr ,

6 w D . in mo no 6 2 . am 0 G . P 2 33 4 gr , . , A 3 3 w- E 5 9 . y 0 11 .

. C . 8 w. E . in mo no a m 1 0 . i a mo no a m , gr , 5 gr , 74

D . . in mo no am 0 2 w. F . . H . N in mo no am 62 0. O . 6 gr , 5 , 7 , gr , ,

6 m. . 7 F B , 1 0 1 0 81 Co . 1 1 0

. . T. D 0 m . 2 0 7 G 4 . N

. W . D 2 1 w 62 0 . i n mono am 8 , 5 w, K gr , 4

. E . W . 2 wZK- 2 2 L. in 1 0. mono ram 0 2 , 3 7 . 9. 39 g , , 9

. F . i n mo n m 1 1 . o a w. L 62 gr , 5 , 7 w

. 2 w 0 . 2 1 1 . L. i n mo no ram 2 0 o 6 G 3 g , 3 , 5 , , 3 , , 7

. in mo no am 62 1 0 gi 62 0 G gr , 5 1 74 , 9

. . 20 w. . . 2 L. C 1 0 G G , 5 P 3

H . 1 1 . w . i n m no am 1 l a R . 6 0 o r , 5 9 P g , 5 , 74

w . . . in mo no am 2 M. 1 2 0 S 6 H gr , 9 , 5 , 7 P 4

I . 8 w M . F . 1 0 S . 62 6 , 4 , 5 , , 3

. in m o no am 6 8 m O 0 S . in mo no am 6 K gr , 4 , 4 . u n gr , 9

T. in o am 6 L 1 0 ° w P . 0 1 1 0 mo n 1 3 1 4 1 9 , 3 , 7 gr , 3

. in m n m 8 L o o a 6 w~ R o 0 . gr , 4 ® 7 3 7 7 V 3

M. 2 8 68 0 . i n mo no a m 8 w V gr , 3

M . R 1 . . i n mo no am 6 . in mono am u 0 gr , 5 V K gr , 4

N . 0 w T. 0 . S . 6 , 4 . , 63 V , 45 , 4 U ‘V ' w. V . 1 0 - 2 8 , 7 1 7 1 491 9 U " . 1n mono ram 1 0 w g , , 47 , 1 W 1 D ~ 1 I 0 6 6 U? 67 m. H M CO . , 1 8 1 7 1 1 3 1 3 1 391 5 5 1 3 1 1 > 1 K in mo no am w 6 66 6 68 2 6 gr , 49 4 1 1 7 1 1 7 1 75 1 9 5 w 3 . M . Co . 1 1 5 0 2 6 6 0 a a 1 1 > 2 0 1 2 1 81 1 6 1 with p r ph , 33 1 7 3 1 4 1 5 1 3 1 4 3 3 3 7 l n mo no am 8 62 6 6 0 & ' " gr , 4 , , 1 1 95 1 9 J 1 5 \ 0 A 62 0“ 0 . é , m A J 0 0 68 1 9° 0. . % 4 n i in mo no am 0 A. . 2 1 0 0 O . 2 gr , 7 G , 7 l - B 1 1 1 0 0 6 2 3 49 0 . , 3 , 4 7 , . 0 0 1 0 < i n mo no r am 0 0 B . in mo no a m . g , 7 gr , 3 0 m . V . i n mo no a m 0 B . D . 6 1 K . gr , 4 5 , 5 4 7 0 0 5 62 B D . in mo no am 6 0. . gr , 9 2 1 2 0 x in ino no ra m, 7 B . , 1 , 1 4 , 29, 3 , 3 , 35 , 0 g 9 1 60 6 66 68 0 0 r 40, 5 , , 63 , 5 , , , 1 99

0 r . in mo no a m 6 1 8 0 gr , 7 3 . 7 7 . 95 . 9 . 0 r 1 1 4 F , 0 r 66 B . 1 0 with paraph , 6 0 z B . H. 0 , 1 0 5 0 w 2 62 68 B . 1 81 G . , 5 2 0 1 7 1 5 4 1 POTTERY MARKS

0 F 1 8 0 7 . in mo no am 62 gr , H 2 8 w 9,

. A. 1 B . 9

D . V . o z . E . in mo no ram 2 1 , 7 , 7 g , 0 D 4 7 M . I . : m 0 V: . i n mono a K- I K gr , 45 . 4 2 7 I

0 2 2 6 . A. 1 3 . 35 . 5 3 . 6 . 6 9 I

0 . F . B . 1 1 0 I

0 . F . I B . 2 6 2 F 4 7 ,

0 6 1 1 I B . i n mo no am 6 H 3 . 75 . 5 gr , 4

0 . B . 1 o . m m o no ram 8 I B . S . 1 00 , H g , 4

0 . B . I O . A 6 2 I C . 8 , 9 H , , 4

0 I . 1 6 I D . 6 F 5 4 , 4

D . 111 mono am 0 . . B . I . i n m 1 ono a m I D . A. J gr , gr , 9 , 4 5

. I . B . 62 I D B . in mono am gr , 47

0 . . 1 I D M. i n mo no am 1 . 6 J gr , 9 , 4 W 0 . 2 I D . . 8 K 9 , 4

:MI . n mono am 8 . K 0 S i i n m n m I E . 2 1 r , 4 o o a , , 48 , 7 0 g gr 47 , 5

0 - P 2 . L . E . W . 62 I . E 1 0 . 7 , 5

0 . Z . R 2 L . i n mo no ran1 1 I . . e e se d 1 0 1 , 3 g , 7 F P (r v r ) ,

L . M . E. L . 8 I . R . 1 2 , F ,

0 6 2 2 2 6 L . . 1 0 1 I 2 . 3 . 3 . 39. P , 7 G 1 3 1 4 81 4 9 1 M 2 2 2 6 2 6 6 . 6 I 8 1 0 4 9 1 5 1 1 5 1 7 1 77 1 9 , 3 , H 4 s. 4 4

1 0 2 1 0 1 1 . in mo no a m 6 I . i n mo no am 8 g , 4 , 5 P gr , H gr , 4

g B 0 R . 1 1 2 I . . i n mo no a m 8 F 4 H K gr , 4

. R . 0 . R . D . 62 I I 1 F 4 , 3

U . S . 8 20 62 I K 2 6 6 F 1 39 , , 7 . 3 . 4

A. Z . . 1 1 . n m . 66 I in mo o a 8 F , V K gr , 4

. B . 62 . V. . 6 Ii L . 1 0 F 5 9 , F 4 , 5

m 1 1\ I I . B i n o no am 6 I 2 1 F . gr , 3 1 7 1 4 1 S

. B . B . 1 0 1 1 2 1 6 0 I P 6 F . 3 . 3 s. 3 . 4 . 4 7. . s. in m . B . 1 6 2 68 1 6 1 1 I . o no a m 6 F . F 5 , 5 5 , , 7 , 7 , 5 P gr , 4

I . in m n a m . C . 1 8 . 81 . 1 1 . o o F H G 3 P K gr , 47

. C . i n mo no am 1 8 . S. 1 1 1 I . P . S. 60 F gr , H , d F . 6 . B . 6 2 I 4 H , 7 7

. D . . B . in m o no am 1 I 6 68 F 9 , 3 H gr , 3 , 4 7 , 3 , D . . . 2 1 2 I . S . 111 m o no ram 2 F V 5 g , 9

. E. . 0 C . I . T. 2 1 1 F V 9 H 7 , 7 , 5

F' F 2 62 6 8: C0 1 I 8 1 4 1 7 1 91 41 391 1 4 1 H 4 .

6 C . D . in mo no a m 2 I H gr , 7

F. i n mo no a . E . m C . in mo no am I F gr , 39 H gr , 5 4

. . O . D . i n mo no ram I F F , 9 H g , 5 9

. 1 F G . 9 H I

L . . in mo no a m 2 . I F gr , 7 H M i n m n m I . . . o o a 1 . . in m o no am 6 F P gr , 7 H G gr , 9

O . 0 . H . 2 0 I F . , 9 H , 7 , 4

I . i n 2 I O O . mo no am . . G . I F . gr , 5 H H , 5 4 3 . S m n a m 6 . P . 6 6 . . K . I i n o o F , , 5 H H , 5 5 gr , 4

. . i n mo no a m 6 . I 1 0 I CO. 1 0 2 F P gr , 4 H 5 ,

. R . 1 8 . 2 1 F P. H . K 7 , 3 R in m ono am 2 1 8 8 F . 7 . H . K . gr , 7, 5 J ’i , 9 ,

& o . 1 06 R . . M . C . in m o no ra m . . R . S F g , H K 5 4 ,

. L . i n mo no a m 6 R . 1 1 2 H gr , 4 J G

. L . L . 6 A 2 8 6 H , 7 J 1 1 4 1 73

. . i n m o no am 2 . FL 2 8 A. . m mo no a m 6 F V gr , 7 H , H gr , 3

M . in mo no am 6 . B . 2 8 . . 6 . F V F , 4 H gr , 3 J , m 2 6 X . . P . 1 08 1 1 B . i n mo no a 6 F . , 9 H , , 4 J gr , , 3

. . in m o no am 1 D . in m o no am 1 1 0 1 H P gr , 5 J gr , 7 , ,

( in 1 2 x 0 2 8 . . Z . 1 1 . 7 . 7 . . 3 . 3 . 3 7 . 3 . H P , 5 4 7

8 6 2 6 6 6 8 R . 8 6 2 1 1 E . B . in mo no am 6 39 . 4 . 5 3 . . 4 . 5 . . H , , , 5 gr , 4

E & S . I OS H J ,

. Sc CO. 1 0 1 . G . 1 0 G , H J , 4 m mo no am 2 . A. 62 . G , H J G gr , 9

. A. in mo no ram 8 K. 2 G g , , 75 H J G , 9

2 0 4 POTTERY MARKS

m a a 1 a IE 2 2 . m n am 1 L . i n o o 62 6 with p r ph , , V gr , , 3 , m G . 8 1 0 a B . 6 2 2 , 9 , 5 , 7

W a B . m m in no am 1 1 . M . 2 . 1 0 2 o gr , 3 , 4 V , 9

e . m A. 6 1 08 B S . 1 1 8 . P . 1 . , 4 , , V , 7 mA. in m ono a m e 6 . . i n mono am 6 gr , 74 5 V P gr , 5

M . 1 0 e 1n m no 1 0 . R . 6 1 m. A. o am 1 , gr , 95 , V ,

A. . 1 e . . R . i n 1 m S 6 8: S . 1 1 mono am 2 , F , 9 V gr , 5 , 9, mB . 8 1 fi G . 1 8 6 , , 4 , 3 m e . B . 1 1 8 . Z ' 0 G , V 1 3 . 3 5

m o o m e D . i n m 1 m. C . . i n n a 6 . mo no a gr , 9 H gr , 7 m. C . T. 2 e 2 2 2 2 6 63 , 7 4 , 9, 3 . 33 , 3 s, 3 . m a . 111 mo no am 8 0 6 1 68 2 K gr , 39 3 7 1 3 1 5 1 5 4 1 1 1 7 1 e M . 1 0 1 m , 4 98, 1 00 , 1 0 4 , 1 2 , 1 1 5 e 0- m 1 95 ? A. , 1 1 1 H m P . 62 2 B . 1 1 g , , 7

. 2 T . n n m 1 m i mo o a B . in mo no am 1 P gr , 9 gr , 5 T . R . 2 5 2 w , 4 D ’1 3

T. R n n m 1 1 w . i mo o ra 1 8 2 D . in m ono am g , , , gr , 4 7 w 60 2 . 2 8 E ,

T. R . n w . i m o no am 2 2 F . 1 0 F gr , 4 , 4

T. Z . 1 2 w . S. 2 8 , 7 F ,

2 T. n m no am 1 1 w . i o H gr , 7 w. P . in mono am 0 2 . i n mo no ra m . 8 gr , 4 K g 47 , 4 ie 6 U . 81 C . , 5 n mon am 2 M 0 0 w . i o P gr , with W 3 1 5

a a 2 R . 1 p r ph , s , 3

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m e s a an 1 0 A h r t J p , 7 C c e c oss 1 6 0 e u d e l s 2 2 6 1 6 ir l with r , 4 , , 3 9 Fl r y , 4 , 9, , 3, nc o 1 2 2 8 1 2 A h r, 7 , 3 , , 3 , 5 , 9 1 6 6 1 2 10 5 , 7 , 73 , 79, 9 , 9 , 4 66 l - 5 5 . . 7 3 . 95 . 97 . C W . o e 8 1 8 1 0 a 43 . 4 5 l w r, 9 . 3 4 . 1 83 1 00 1 0 1 2 99 , , , 1 0 , 1 1 2 , 1 1 MT 1 1 rk 9 G , 7 o , 9 Antl e rs 1 6 Coc 2 1 , , , 3 , 9 k , , 4 Fo rtu n 3 9 y , 4 5 Arm ho ldin 7mfe 0 Co me g , 7 , 4 t , 78 uc s a 1 1 F h i , 5 ArrOW 2 2 o mma . 9. 39. 7 7 . 9 . 9s. C , 1 1 3 1 0 S an 1 Cr e , 1 6 o s c oss ed rr w r , 4 C e sce n 1 0 2 6 A 7 , 5 , , r t , 4 5 9, 9 , o ead 2 rr wh , 3 8 1 00 1 0 1 1 1 A 9 , , , 9 As to nne C o ss 1 1 , 47 r , 4 , 3 , , 1 8, 1 2 7 9, 3 , Axe 6 1 1 2 2 1 . 39. 4 . 4 4 1 3 1 33 1 391 5 2 1 6 1 62 1 6 6 6 2 1 3 1 5 1 91 7 1 9 , 95 1 96 1 Ba 1 0 2 s ke t , 1 0 4 B eaco n 2 2 C o n 1 0 1 2 1 1 2 0 , 3 , 5 r w , , , 7 , 9 , , Be e - e 1 1 0 1 1 8 hiv , , 2 x 2 2 6 8 1 4 1 3 1 3 1 37 1 3 1 39 1 Be 1 02 I 8 ll . 43 . 47 . . 3 1 , 1 2 6 6 4 5 1 5 1 5 3 1 5 5 1 5 1 91 Be ts 2 l , 5 74 . 7s. 6 . . 80 . 1 7 . 77 79 9 , B d 8 1 0 1 1 n 2 ir . 3 4 . 3 . 3 . 7 . 9 . 5 . 6 . 8. 1 9 9 9 9 97 . 9 99. 3 . B s o 1 1 8 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 2 i t , 9 , , , 1 1 1 1 3 , 7 , Bl m o t 1 1 o p , 45 8, 1 1 B oo C s a a re 1 1 t , 45 ry t l , 3 Bo e 6 C u ba 1 0 ttl , 4 , 5 Bo w a nd o Arr w, 95 ' B u e 1 D s c os sed 8 1 0 riq t , 5 r , 9 , 3 B ta nn a 1 1 Dee 1 1 8 ri i , r, B us and a e e 1 6 D o n 2 r h p tt , lphi , Bu ffa 1 1 Do me o f athed ra l 2 2 lo , 4 , ' Bu d n s 1 1 0 Do and a s c os se d 8 il i g , g H rp , 95 r , 3 D ab o ce a n 1 0 ade ma c 1 00 r p r l i , 7 r , ’ i C s c o ssed 2 1 D a o n 6 u e S n for 8 r , , 37 , 5 5 , r g . 5 . 99 J pit r, ig , 95 , 9 1 9 . 99 Cad u ceu s 1 1 8 Ea e Ke 0 1 , 33 , 95 , gl . 5 3 . 79. y . 3 . 3 Camb 1 1 1 8 1 1 0 no 1 10 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 ria, , 7 K t , , 7 , 8, 38, 4 Ca mb an 1 1 0 E e an ead ri Argil , l ph t h , 5 3 ’ Camb d e 1 0 Ename o ce a n 1 0 L s c ossed 8 7 5 ri g , 3 l P r l i , 9 r , 3 . 7 . 75 . 7 . Ca d s E m ne 6 1 9 0 r , 34 r i , 99 7 7 79 ' 9 Ca 2 1 0 1 0 E e Labé1 rto uche , 3 , 5 , 9 y 1 5 3 , 73 C as e 1 0 1 1 c a f ‘ 1 8 tl , 4 , 69 , 7 , 7 r 95 1 39 1 3 C ne s m a on mar a b u a i h tho use 2 0 hi e i it ti k, 9, F l , 9 g , 6 8 1 00 1 06 a co n 20 io n 2 6 0 1 0 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 , , l , , 3 , 3 , 5 , 3 , 9 33 1 4 95 9 9 F ea e 1 1 1 L e 1 0 1 1 2 1 2 th r, iv r, 3 , 5 F 6 e s ar o ce a n Lo v i ue 1 1 C c e 2 8 0 . 4 . l p P r l i , 99 q , 9 ir l . . 37 . 4 F 1 2 s 20 1 8 1 1 6 0 1 , 1 95 1 i h , , 5 5 , 3 , 4 5 1 9 9 9 F a 1 1 L P k an 1 0 1 Fl g , 5 , 4 7 2 0 6 POTTERY MARKS

' Me c an s Ma 8 1 R os r h t rk , 7 , , 8, o , 47 S a n 1 1 w , 9 2 2 8 R os e S o d 1 7 , , 4 7 w r , 5 , 95 Mo u n a n 2 0 Ro a Te a c o a rc e o d s t i , o S , c ossed y l rr tt p , . . w r r 33 34 , 3 5 a n 1 1 8 0 l i , 3 3 . 39. 5 . N e c a ce 6 R u be a 1 1 0 8 1 00 kl , 9 ll , 9 , N ew S o ne 1 0 R u n 1 t , 7 i , 9 N id e r Te r e , 5 4 r de Lo n aine 5 6 T , N o a S t A. a . 6 t , 9 , 4 h rt , 4 5 Til N o . 5 0 Sce e l e nbe r 1 1 , 5 ptr , 3 7 g , 3 N u me a 6 x 8 S c e s 1 1 To e 1 0 r l . 33 . . 9 . yth , 9 w r, 4 , 5 m 1 1 1 0 Se m -c na 1 0 8 To c es c o s s e d 9 . 3 . 4 i hi , r h r , 74 Se es r o u s 1 1 T e e 2 8 2 vr g p , 7 r , , 9 Ob e s 1 S e a s 0 T e fo 8 li k , 5 h r , 9 r il , 3 O a u e c na 1 0 S e c onc 6 1 8 T an e 2 0 6 p q hi , 5 h ll ( h) , , 3 ri gl . . 34 . 5 3. 5 4 . 7. O a ue o ce a n 1 0 1 0 S e d I O 2 0 1 2 6 1 08 1 0 p q p r l i , 5 , 9 hi l 1 4 1 , 1 3 1 3 3 1 35 1 9 , 9 , 97 , , 4 O rb 6 8 0 1 T 1an es c os s ed 2 6 , 3 7 3 . 3 7 . 3 . 4 . 4 . 49. 5 9. r gl r , 4 , 3 68 0 1 1 8 1 1 T d e n 8 1 1 00 , 9 , , 9 ri t , 5 , , 4 , 95 , e ar a e 1 0 S e d c oss 1 6 1 8 T od P l w r , 3 hi l with r , , rip . 97 e n a am 2 0 S 1 1 2 1 1 T u m e 2 0 P t gr , hip, , 9 r p t , oen 1 1 S n b oa d Ph ix , 3 ig r , 3 4 ’ e s 0 6 Sna e 2 8 V s c o ssed 1 Pi , 3 , 7 k , , 5 3 r , 7 , 7 3 p ’ P rmc e o f W a e s s ea e s S a 1 ase 1 1 1 1 8 1 8 l f th r , pir l , 4 V , 7 , 3 , , 3 , 1 1 1 S es 1 1 0 99, pir , 4 4 S a 0 t g, 5 ' ua e o 68 6 1 1 0 S a 1 2 ° Wa r an ed S taflordshire Q , , 7 , 3 t r. 4 . 9 . 4 . 4 7 . 9 r t , tr f il, 9 S a e s c o ss ed 8 0 t v , r , 3 , 39, 5 . 5 4 R 2 S one C na 1 0 1 0 8 1 0 W ee 0 6 , 5 t hi , 7 , , 9, h l . 3 . 3 5 . 3 ’ R s c oss e d 1 1 W nd m r . 7 i ill , 75 ’ R e na 1 1 S o ne Wa e 1 1 0 VVork man s S ns 1 0 1 gi , 3 t r , ig , 34 , R e s at on ma 1 1 S o 1 0 1 0 W ea I 00 1 0 2 gi tr i rk , 3 t rk , 4 , 5 , 4 r th, 391 991 1 1 R _ n Su n 2 2 1 39 , 0 , 7 , 97 , 1 00

POTTE RY MAR KS

G 1 1 o o 1 8 a a s u 1 . , 5 H k , 7 K r t , 5 4 in Hok u han 1 0 Kas eiza n 1 Ge mp , 1 69 , 9 , 7 7 e 1 6 1 1 6 Ho rak u 1 6 Kashiu Sam ei 1 G n, , 9 , 9 p , 90 e m os o 1 6 a at u 1 6 G e ny o n 1 7 h , 4 K t , 4 , 3 H ei 1 8 a o 1 82 1 8 Ghai b 1 2 1 1 2 o y , 7 K t , , 9 y , , 3 a za 1 2 o e n 1 66 a amo o 1 8 Gh l , 3 y , K w t , 9 Gioza n 1 1 o u 1 8 Ke n 1 , 7 y , 7 , 75 Gi o k u s e l 1 88 o zan 1 1 1 Kente i 1 y , H , 5 4 , 7 , 75 6 H o ze n 1 1 6 1 e nzan 1 1 1 ° G i ok u te i 1 , 5 5 , 5 , 5 K , 5 4 , 5 5 , 6 1 y , 7 7 9, 74 ' b at 1 1 H s i e h e n k u w an 1 1 6 G o os s u , 7 , 4 4 7 Hs i ii 1 e n a 1 6 o o 1 0 y , 47 K y , 7 G h , 9 G o o sa k a 1 s e ch u 1 0 K chi e mo n 1 6 j , 7 3 H i h , 5 i y , 5 1 2 1 2 s n 1 8 10 1 1 1 8 1 6 o mb oo n 2 , 5 i , 4 5 5 , 5 , 5 , 1 7 , G r , H g 9 G o rod a u 1 81 1 86 u an - un 1 2 1 53 y , , H g y , 5 9 ’ o ro h achi 1 m Men -c h é n 1 2 Kik k o 1 1 G , 5 9 g , 5 , 7 7 , 79 r s k e 1 H o chi e n 1 1 Kik k u te i 1 G o o u , 73 y y , 9 , 77 o s ab u ro 1 mu a 1 1 60 G , 77 Ki r , 59 , e 1 0 I chi rak u 1 Ki n 1 8 G osu k , 9 , 74 , 3 o o 1 82 a 1 6 n u 1 62 G t , g , 5 Ki j , a n 1 8 k k o 1 6 Kink o za n 1 1 1 w , 4 , 9 , 5 4 , 7 G . mado 1 nse i 1 , 7 7 i , 7 3 fi a m a ins ho sha 1 1 g L I ri , 93 , 9 a a a 1 6 mbe 1 1 60 Ki ntaro 1 6 H k t , 7 I , 5 9, , 4 a o 1 8 I na a m a 1 6 o o 1 1 6 1 0 1 6 H k , 5 riy , 7 Ki t , 5 4 , 9, 7 7 , a o da e 1 8 I n u a ma 1 6 1 82 1 8 1 88 H k t , 5 y , 9 , 7 , a m a s 1 2 1 2 1 I nk 1 1 s n 1 H ll rk , 9, 4 , 43 , , 4 Ki hi , 5 5 I nsec 1 0 s u 1 8 t , 4 i i , 7 ' ’ C 1 u a n 1 I o do 1 e 1 2 1 h y t g , 43 pp , 73 it i , 7 , 73 ' C h ao a n 1 2 r a 1 6 i to k en 1 0 hih t g , 4 I iy , 7 , 9 C l a n c a 1 I s a a 1 6 i u nk e n 1 6 hih h i , 43 w , 3 , 7 ’ C u an a n 1 2 I s e 1 6 Ki e n 1 88 hih y t g , 4 , 3 y , ’ C n e n a n 1 I ssa 1 6 o 1 0 1 1 hi g li t g , 4 3 i , 3 Kiy , 7 , 7 ’ ' C n w e i a n 1 2 w a 1 1 8 o-c a 1 60 h i g t g , 4 I ki , 5 4, 7 Kiy hik , ’ ’ Ch u s u n a n 1 I a u n 1 6 o m z u 1 0 -1 h t g , 43 w k i , 4 Kiy i , 7 73 ’ I u a n 1 I a u a 1 1 no t 1 8 1 0 t g , 4 3 w k r , 7 , 3 , 4 y ' L i n u a n 1 I a m 1 6 o 1 0 y t g, 43 w i , 5 , 7 ’ Lu i a n 1 2 I ao 1 6 o M n - s an 1 2 y t g , 4 w , 5 i g h i g, 5 ' S u n a n 1 2 1 I zu m 1 6 1 6 K0 uan - s an 1 2 h té t g , 4 , 43 i , 4 , 5 Y h i g, 5 Ss ii u c a 1 l z u mo 1 66 oc - a 1 p h i , 44 , K hi y ki , 5 5 Ta a c a 1 o o 1 0 y h i , 44 K h , 7 Ta n n n c a 1 e e 1 8 o ma u 1 8 i g h i , 43 J w l , 3 K r , 7 ’ T6 s n a n 1 2 ine na n 1 8 Korak u e n 1 1 o h i t g , 4 , 9 y , 77 , g ’ g ’ Ts a h s nu an 1 2 in 1 8 Ko ra nsha 1 1 i t g , 4 i , 3 , 9 ’ ’ Ts a h u a a n 1 2 za n 1 o e n 1 i t g , 4 ;fi , 74 K r , 77 ' ' Ts ai u n a n 1 o s hé n c h e n san 1 o s a 1 1 88 j t g , 4 3 J t g, 44 K i , 73 , ' a n h o a n 1 u 1 62 osao 1 Y g t g, 43 J K , 74 ' Y ii ha i an 1 2 u 1 1 0 1 1 Ko so b e 1 60 t g , 4 J , 4 , 4 , ’ Y u a n 1 2 u i l n s an an 1 o e 1 6 t g , 4 j h f g , 43 K t i , 3 ’ Y u tz ii a n 1 2 u rak u 1 62 o o 1 6 1 1 8 t g , 4 j , K t , , 9 ' u n l o an 1 2 u san 1 60 1 o zan 1 88 Y g t g, 4 j , , 79 K , H a nsu k e 1 0 a n -k e n 1 6 Ku 1 8 , 9 ju s , 4 , 4 are 1 2 1 u an e n an 1 0 H , 5 , 39 K li f g, 5 a ma 1 66 1 0 1 86 Ka 1 66 1 8 ua n ao 1 0 H ri , , 7 , , , 3 K y , 5 a m 1 2 Ka c 1 u an - u n 1 2 H ti , 5 i hi , 5 9 K g t g, 3 a as 1 8 Kach u te i 1 2 1 8 u e ue s an c uan H y hi , 7 , 7 , 7 K i y h h h g , e a n 1 8 a a 1 6 2 1 82 1 8 1 86 1 H i , 7 K g , , , 3 , 44 c 0 7 a n S m o 1 8 a u a 1 u c u 1 0 Hi h hi p , 5 K g r , 74 K h , 7

o 1 6 1 1 62 a n S n u 1 1 u n m n fu ue e tc . Hig , , K hi hi , 5 5 , 75 K g i g k i , , me 1 86 Kai rak u e n 1 6 1 1 Hi ji , y , 5 5 a 1 6 1 a e mo n 1 8 1 Ku o 1 8 Hir , K ki , , 4 a d o 1 81 1 8 Kak ihan 1 6 1 Ku shid e 1 8 Hir , , 5 , 5 , 79 , 5 H a a 1 6 Ka k its u bata 1 Ku s um u ra 1 ir g , 7 , 79 , 79 ze n 1 1 1 8 1 1 8 -6 Kal lass 1 2 u an 1 82 1 86 Hi , 5 4 , 5 9, , 4 , 4 K t i , , ’ H 0 1 6 1 8 am e am a 1 1 8 1 86 w a-b o 1 , 4 , 3 K y , 5 9 , 4 , , 5 9 Ho h e i 1 8 Ka nas hi e 1 8 w an-k e i 1 6 , 7 g , 7 , 5 ’ o u 1 8 anzan 1 1 1 88 w a nri o 1 6 H j , 7 K , 7 , y , 7 X F INDE O ORIENTAL MARKS AND NAMES 2 0 9

K urak u 1 N se in i 1 . 1 0 Sa u a 1 60 1 86 y , 74 , 5 4 7 k r i , , a u 1 Sa m 1 ir k , 5 9 pe i, 90

Lai . 1 N s na 1 8 Sam 1 8 49 i hi , 4 po , 5 Lea 1 8 1 1 8 1 8 u me ra l s 1 0 1 f, 3 , 3 , 7 , 4 , 1 4 San o , 68 9 37 , Li -c 1 Nun hih , 49 o Gu njiro , 1 64 San an , 1 90 Li -ta-lai 1 2 , 5 Sa njl ro , 1 7 7 L an -c hi 1 2 Odo 1 60 S a nrak u en 1 i g , 9 , y , 7 7 ' L e n c en 1 0 O u e 1 68 S an u 1 6 1 68 i h g , 5 f k , ki , 7 , ’ Lin c an fa 1 O a a S ns o 1 Sara a ma 1 8 h g , 49 g t hi h , 5 5 y , 5 L n nan h ui eh1 1 1 O a a Sh uhei 1 88 Sas a s ma 1 0 i g , 5 g t , hi , 7 Lo us 1 8 1 Ohi 1 62 Sa o 1 60 1 86 t , 3 , 39 , t , , Loze n e 1 8 1 1 O himachi 1 Sa s u 1 g , 3 , 4 , 79 t , 79 Lu 1 6 Oho rimu ra 1 8 S a s u ma 1 1 8 1 , 4 , 7 t , 5 4 , 7 , 79 ' Lun -c uan 1 2 Ok aw a i 1 8 1 1 8 1 8 Sa w a a ma 1 6 1 g h , 7 j, , 3 , 5 y , O a ama 1 60 Se a ma s u n e a n 1 1 k y , l rk , c rt i , 5 , Ma o 1 6 O a za 1 1 8 1 8 1 8 ik , 6 k ki , 74 3 , 4 , 9 Maise n 1 66 Ok u nisan 1 Sc i 1 0 1 2 1 , , 79 , 7 , 7 , 76 Ma u -in 1 0 Omi 1 6 1 1 8 Se u 1 1 88 k , 7 , , 9 if , 73 , Ma u sa 1 6 Omu ro 1 Se i e n 1 8 k , 9 , 75 g , 4 Ma uz u 1 60 1 6 1 8 1 88 On e 1 0 Se 1 k , , 7 , 7 , ik , 7 iji , 74 Mar as hi r sa a 1 60 1 1 1 Se ik a n i 1 0 u b o , 1 65 O k , , 6 , 79 j, 7 Mas a - 1 8 O ta 1 Se ik an e n 1 0 ichi , 5 , 79 y , 9 M 1 6 1 O an 1 Se ik o za n 1 8 asaki , 9, 77 t i , 73 , 7 Mats u ama 1 O o o a ma 1 8 1 6 1 8 Sa ne 1 6 1 y , 77 t k y , 5 , 5 , 9 i i , 5 , 74 Ma ts u e 1 66 O o a 1 Se s 1 6 y , t w , 75 i hi , 7 Me i o 1 8 Ouc - a ma 1 Se is u k e 1 0 h , 9 hi y , 75 , 7 Me 1 O a 1 68-1 0 I 8 ‘ 0 Se im n 1 1 ppo tam , 65 w ri , 7 , 9 1 9 1 , 9 M a a 1 1 1 1 Se n 1 ik w , 5 9 , 79 9 ki , 79 Mik aw a i 1 1 8 1 1 8 Se nsu k e 1 j , 5 9, , 5 , , 79 1 P a i s 1 1 Se l a 1 6 1 91 hih , 5 , 1 9 M u n 1 6 210 8 Se w . 1 1 5 4 . 5 5 . 1 8 , ik i , 4 , 4 5 3 . M m e 1 £ao s £en 1 1 1 1 8 ‘8 1 8 1 0 i p i , 64 g , 3 , 47 4 1 7 1 9, 9 S e o -s u e 1 6 Mi n 1 6 eac , 1 t k , 3 , 7 P h 39 1 1 Se l s u 1 6 1 1 86 M na o 1 6 ea , t , , i t , 4 P rl 4 ' 2 S a n é n c h é n w e l 1 0 M no 1 0 e n , 1 h j , 5 i , 9 P ki g 3 - S a n s u 1 M nzan 1 6 e s a 1 2 1 1 2 5 h , 49 i , 7 P r i , g ' S e 1 8 1 1 M s ma 1 1 n u i , 1 1 1 1 h ll , 3 , 4 i hi , 5 3 , 5 4 Pi ti g j 3 , 4 M o 1 P 0 k u chén w an 1 Shé n 1 8 it , 7 , 47 g , 4 M u a n a 1 6 Shé n u a chi 1 i r e y , 7 g y y , 47 M z r 0 Ra u 1 1 1 6 1 Shic h i be i 1 2 i o o , 1 7 k , 5 3 , 5 4 , 5 . 74 , , 7 1 6 Mok ube i 1 6 2 1 1 82 I Shido , 7 , , 75 , 79 M i 1 6 1 Rak u rak u e n 1 Shido ro 1 66 ompe , y , 7 7 , w S a 1 60 Mom e iza n 1 6 1 Rak u o , 1 74 hi , p , g Mo 1 60 Ka u za n 1 66 1 8 S hi arak i 1 1 6 1 ri , k , , 7 g , 5 4 , e i 1 8 S e n 1 6 Mo C a a 1 8 Ra nt , 1 7 6 , 7 hi , 7 ri hik r , 5 g S fu 1 8 Mu a mmed Al i 1 2 Re nda i i 1 6 2 hih , 4 h , 5 j, 8 Mu ammed Harbat 1 2 R e n e ts u 1 6 Shimbe i , 1 h y, 5 g , 7 7 - n 1 1 1 S nzan 1 6 Mu s as hi 1 6 1 8 Rhi noc e ros hor , 38, 4 hi , 7 , 7 7 h 6 Mu s a e 1 60 R od an 1 2 1 1 22 S io zo , 1 8 hi g , h i , , S o 1 1 M us ca ns umen 1 1 R 1 2 hipp , 9 i l i tr t , 4 ikk , 4 R u 1 Shis e i 1 ik , 5 9 , 77 S a 1 8 N ab esh ima 1 8 1 1 8 R ns o 1 68 hod , 7 i , , , 5 2 N a am 1 6 R ma n 1 62 Shod ai , 1 6 g i , 5 i , S o i n 1 62 N a a o 1 66 R io k ozan 1 6 h , g t , , 7 N 1 R isam e i 1 8 1 S ho ns u i , 1 a o ya, 69 , 1 70 , 1 89 p , 73 1 8 Na mu a 1 8 R ss a 1 6 Sho p mark , 4 r , 7 i i , 4 1 88 S hosa i 1 6 1 Nan a 1 60 Ro ki , , iw , 1 2 1 8 Sho s on 1 N an 1 6 1 8 R o ku , , 3 , 77 ki , 5 , 9 7 1 8 S o o 1 ao sak u 1 63 Rok u be1 1 2, 1 82 , h t , 5 9 , , 7 7 S 1 1 6 ao os hi 1 60 R oze n 1 hou , 45 , 4 y , y , 75 n un 1 e mbok u an 1 8 Shua i fu k u g y g , 47 , 5 u n hs i 1 e n o 1 6 -8 Sabu o 1 Sh a , 44 , 4 g g , 5 r 7 - - Shu fl ) 1 2 1 ie no hao 1 2 1 6 1 6 Sado 1 6 , 7 , 49 , 9, 34 , 5 , 4 6 2 1 88 S hu k e i 1 7 2 , 1 88 N o 1 Sahe 1, 1 , , ik , 79 n 1 8 1 6 n 1 Sa ai 1 6 Shu , 4 , 7 i a 2 k , 5 , 7 - in 1 6 N inami 2 Sa n 1 6 Sh un m , 7 , 1 7 ki , 4 2 1 0 POTTE RY MARKS

S u n a 1 68 Te am 1 Wé n C an s an to n 1 8 h t i , r i , 5 9 h g h , 4 ' S u n a n 1 6 T e n 1 8 W e e 1 h t , 8 i , 4 h l , 39 ’ S u nu 1 68 T e n u an 12 u fu 1 Wu c hé n s en 1 2 h , i k , 4 7 h i , 5 ’ ’ Shu n e ts u 1 68 T e n i c a c u n 1 y , i ti y hi h , 44 Sh unza n 1 6 T n -C o u 1 2 Y a 1 8 1 62 , 7 i g h , 7 , 4 , S u za n 1 6 To 1 6 1 an -l in 1 1 h , 7 , Y g , 5 o ba ite i 1 6 Y a s u u n s an 1 S , To bo 1 5 k h , 4 4 9 , 7 g g S ob o k ai 1 68 i k u e n 1 0 Y a w an 1 8 , Tog yo y , 9 , 4 S o e n 1 6 1 To ro 1 1 6 1 1 1 a ma a 1 5 6 g , k , 5 4 , 7 , 79, 9 Y k , S ok an 1 6o To o 1 62 Ya mam o o 1 62 , k , t , So ma 1 1 8 To ona me 1 6 Yama s o 1 0 -1 6 1 8 1 88 , 5 4 , 7 k , 9 hir , 7 7 , 7, e n o 1 k m n ama o 1 6 1 0 S o s d , 87 To u e o , 1 8 1 Y t , 3 , 9 S oshic hi 1 6 To a c 1 6 1 ana a a 1 6 , 7 r Ki hi , Y g w , 4 So s hiro 1 To r o s e 1 1 0 Yas ma 1 6 1 68 , 75 t i , 73 , 9 hi , 7 , So e n 1 To sa 1 60 1 6 1 Y as u k e 1 y , 79 , , 4 , 77 , 74 S o ne 1 8 Tos e ts u 1 2 Ya s u s o 1 1 6 1 1 6 2 t , 3 , 7 t hir , 5 4 , , S o 1 0 Tos o 1 1 Yedo 1 1 6 1 1 1 t rk , 4 hir , 5 3 , 7 9 , 5 4 , , 77 , 79 S u ma 1 66 To te i 1 1 6 Ye nzan 1 8 , , 5 9, 5 , 7 S u m id a a w a 1 To to mi 1 66 V i - s n 1 2 1 2 g , 7 7 , h i g, 3 , 5 S u minok ura 1 To - e n 1 8 Y oh ach 1 1 68 , 73 y , 5 , S uo 1 6 1 6 To h a i 1 6 Y ok k a- c 1 6 , 4 , 7 yo ch , 9 i hi , 3 a s a 1 1 1 8 k 6 s da 1 60 Sw tik , 4 , 4 To y o ra u 1 Yo , , 9 hi S a 1 2 1 -1 2 To os uk e 1 6 1 0 Y os h ito o 1 6 yri , 5 y , 9, 7 y , 9 T - r - m a 6 o o b e i 1 2 o yo u a ya , 1 6 Y s , 7 Ta chi 1 Toz an 1 66 1 86 Yo s u a 1 , 44 , , t y , 7 7 Tab hino 1 T a n e 1 0 Y o u az 1 2 , 79 ri gl , 4 , 5 ’ Tada 1 6 Tsai c u a n c l o 1 1 1 Y il 1 8 , 4 h hih , 3 , 4 7 , 4 ' ’ T a i ii a n 1 2 Ts a n a n l n s u 1 0 Y u C a 1 1 y , 5 g l g hi , 5 h i , 5 ’ Ta e 1 1 Tsa o an 1 0 Y ii fé n 1 1 ih i , 7 t g , 5 g , 5 Ta me n 1 60 Tsu u e h s ii a n 1 1 V a Iai 1 i , i y h , 5 , 4 7 T 1 1 Y u a n s i n- s n 1 Taiza n 1 , 1 1 s u , 70 , 85 h i , 49 , 5 4 7 ji g ' ’ Ta a 1 6 Ts u s m a 1 60 Y i i e h c a n 1 2 k , 7 hi , h g , 5 Ta k a a mi ne 1 0 Ts u e n 1 Y u o 1 6 1 g , 7 y , 73 k , Ta a or 1 1 66 1 6 Tu s 1 2 Y u -l an - 1 2 k t i , 5 4 , , 7 rki h, 5 pi , 5 - hé n n c 1 0 Tak uza n 1 6 1 Y u n c g y hih , 5 , g ’ ' ' Ta ! 1 2 u n c h n c an ch nn , 4 Y g i g h g , Tama a a 1 1 g w , 77 44 Tam ba 1 68 Yu i n 1 6 , r , 3 a n u e 1 Y u s e ts u 1 6 T k i , 47 , 3 Tann i n 1 6 1 as e 1 8 1 1 0 , 5 , 7 4 V , 3 , 39 , 4 Ta iw an 1 1 , 7 Ta ts u m o n i 1 8 VVaf k e j, 7 n n, 1 66 ' ' T6 h u a c a n c u n 1 \ a e n 1 h g h , 44 V g , 75 ’ Te i 1 W a n fu u u n 1 6 , 7 3 y t g, 4 Te i i 1 W a n s ch 1 1 j, 79 hih ii , 5 Te ite n 1 6 \Va n s h o u w n C a n 1 , 7 hi g , 47 Te nk aichi 1 \Va11 hé n ~ k ao 1 1 , 75 g S g , 5

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