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Home , Cruciate ligament, Interosseous membrane

Chapter 9

1) Joints can be classified structurally as A) bony. B) fibrous. C) cartilaginous. D) synovial. E) All of the answers are correct.

2) The that binds the teeth to the bony sockets is a A) suture. B) gomphosis. C) . D) synotosis. E) syndesmosis.

3) An immovable is a(n) A) synarthrosis. B) diarthrosis. C) . D) syndesmosis. E) .

4) A is an example of a(n) A) synarthrosis. B) amphiarthrosis. C) diarthrosis. D) symphysis. E) syndesmosis.

5) A ligamentous connection such as an antebrachial is called a A) syndesmosis. B) symphysis. C) synchondrosis. D) synostosis. E) gomphosis.

6) A slightly movable joint is a(n) A) synarthrosis. B) diarthrosis. C) amphiarthrosis. D) gomphosis. E) synostosis.

7) A suture is an example of a(n) A) synarthrosis. B) syndesmosis. C) symphysis. D) diarthrosis. E) amphiarthrosis.

8) An epiphyseal line is an example of a A) gomphosis. B) synchondrosis. C) synostosis. D) symphysis. E) syndesmosis. 1

9) Dense fibrous connective tissue is to a suture as a periodontal is to a(n) A) amphiarthrosis. B) syndesmosis. C) synostosis. D) synchondrosis. E) gomphosis.

10) An example of a synchondrosis is the articulation of the A) ribs with the sternum. B) and the . C) femur with the acetabulum. D) atlas and the axis. E) navicular bone with the cuniform bones.

11) A freely movable joint is a(n) A) synarthrosis. B) diarthrosis. C) amphiarthrosis. D) syndesmosis. E) symphysis.

12) The intervertebral disc joint is called a A) synarthrosis. B) glide joint. C) condylar joint. D) synchondrosis. E) symphysis.

13) Which of the following is one of the four major types of synarthrotic joints? A) suture B) gomphosis C) synchondrosis D) synostosis E) All of the answers are correct.

14) Syndesmosis is to ligament as symphysis is to A) fibrous cartilage. B) dense regular connective tissue. C) periodontal ligament. D) rigid cartilaginous bridge. E) completely fused.

15) Structurally, the pubic symphysis is classified as a ______articulation. A) cartilaginous B) bony C) synovial D) fibrous E) diarthrotic

16) Identify the incorrect pair. A) synarthrosis; immovable joint B) amphiarthrosis; slightly movable joint C) chondrosis; freely moving joint D) gomphosis; articulation between tooth and bone E) They are all correct; there is no incorrect pair.

2 17) Which of the following occurs when the articular cartilage is damaged? A) The matrix begins to break down. B) The exposed surface appears rough. C) Friction in the joint increases. D) Normal synovial joint function is unable to continue. E) All of the answers are correct.

18) Which of the following is not a function of ? A) shock absorption B) increases osmotic pressure within joint C) lubrication D) provides nutrients E) protects articular cartilages

19) Bursae are found in all of the following areas except A) tendon sheaths. B) beneath the skin covering a bone. C) within connective tissue exposed to friction or pressure. D) around blood vessels. E) around many synovial joints.

20) Which of the following is not a property of articular cartilage? A) covered by perichondrium B) lubricated by synovial fluid C) enclosed by an articular capsule D) similar to hyaline cartilage E) smooth, low-friction surface

21) The surface of articular cartilage is A) slick. B) flat. C) smooth. D) rough. E) both slick and smooth.

22) Which of the following is not considered an accessory synovial structure? A) fat pads B) menisci C) tendons D) bursae E)

23) Mike falls off his skateboard and sprains his ankle. Which of the following most likely occurs with this type of accident? A) A bursa is damaged and leaks synovial fluid. B) A ligament is stretched and collagen fibers in the ligament are damaged. C) Articulating bones are forced out of position and are torn. D) Dislocation of the ankle occurs. E) The is broken and must be set in a cast.

24) Which of the following is not a property of synovial joints? A) freely movable B) lined by a secretory epithelium C) covered by a serous membrane D) contain synovial fluid E) covered by a capsule

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Figure 9-1 A Simplified Sectional View of the Joint

Use Figure 9-1 to answer the following questions:

25) Which structure acts as a cushion and consists of fibrous cartilage? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5

26) Identify the structure at label "1." A) B) bursa C) articular cartilage D) synovial membrane E) joint cavity

27) Identify the structure labeled "2." A) serous membrane B) synovial membrane C) D) periosteum E) intracapsular ligament

28) What type of tissue occurs at the structure labeled "3"? A) fibrocartilage B) synovial membrane C) articular cartilage D) bone tissue E) dense connective tissue

29) Identify the structure labeled "5." A) serous membrane B) synovial membrane C) joint capsule D) periosteum E) intracapsular ligament

4 30) Usually found outside the capsule, _____ protect the articular cartilages and act as packing material for the joint. A) ligaments B) tendons C) bursae D) menisci E) fat pads

31) Small pockets of synovial fluid that reduce friction and act as a shock absorber where ligaments and tendons rub against other tissues are called A) fat pads. B) menisci. C) bursae. D) lacunae. E) fasciae.

32) ______subdivide synovial cavities, channel the flow of synovial fluid, and allow for variations in the shapes of the articular surfaces. A) Fat pads B) Menisci C) Bursae D) Lacunae E) Fasciae

33) A ______occurs when articulating surfaces are forced out of position. A) fracture B) bunion C) bursitis D) dislocation E) sprain

34) The three functions of synovial fluid are nutrient distribution, shock absorption, and A) stabilization. B) lubrication. C) padding. D) strengthening. E) enzyme secretion.

35) A ______is a tender nodule formed around bursae over the base of the great toe. A) spur B) blister C) callus D) bunion E) pimple

36) A collagenous type of connective tissue that reinforces the synovial joint and is found outside the joint capsule is called the A) extracapsular tendon. D) intracapsular tendon B) intracapsular ligament. E) meniscus C) extracapsular ligament.

37) Which one of the following is not a stabilizing factor of synovial joints? A) skeletal muscles around the joint B) the presence of a meniscus C) collagen fibers of the joint capsule D) fat pads around the joint E) the synovial membrane

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38) The joint between the forearm bones and the wrist is a ______joint. A) saddle B) glide C) hinge D) condylar E) pivot

39) Ankle extension is also called A) dorsiflexion. B) inversion. C) eversion. D) plantar flexion. E) protraction.

40) Pronation is defined as A) a rolling of the distal epiphysis of the radius over the ulna. B) a twisting of the ulna medially. C) twisting the forearm so that the palms face anteriorly. D) the shortening of the angle between the radius and the humerus. E) movement of the mandible anteriorly, as seen when biting the upper lip.

41) A movement away from the midline of the body is called A) inversion. B) abduction. C) adduction. D) flexion. E) extension.

42) To pinch with a thumb and finger involves a movement called A) rotation. B) opposition. C) circumduction. D) eversion. E) retraction.

43) A common injury to the ankle occurs by excessive turning of the sole inward, called A) eversion. B) protraction. C) dorsiflexion. D) plantar flexion. E) inversion.

44) The ankle joint is an example of a(n) ______joint. A) condylar B) saddle C) hinge D) ball-and-socket E) gliding

45) Which of the following movements is a good example of flexion? A) opening the mouth B) turning the hand palm upward C) extreme bending of the head backwards D) bending the elbow E) spreading the fingers

6 46) A twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole of the foot outward is known as A) inversion. B) plantar flexion. C) eversion. D) dorsiflexion. E) pronation.

47) The joints that connect the four fingers with the metacarpal bones are A) condylar joints. B) saddle joints. C) pivot joints. D) hinge joints. E) condyloid joints.

48) The joint between the trapezium and metacarpal bone of the thumb is an example of a ______joint. A) saddle B) gliding C) condylar D) hinge E) pivot

49) Monaxial joints are known as ______joints. A) saddle B) gliding C) ball-and-socket D) condylar E) hinge

50) Which type of joint is found between the carpal bones? A) saddle B) gliding C) hinge D) ball-and-socket E) pivot

51) Which of the following types of joints is monaxial, but capable of only rotation? A) saddle B) gliding C) hinge D) ball-and-socket E) pivot

52) Curling into the "fetal position" ______the intervertebral joints. A) hyperextends B) flexes C) abducts D) extends E) rotates

53) The movements known as dorsiflexion and plantar flexion involve moving the A) hand. B) arm. C) foot. D) leg. E) hip.

7 54) The elbow joint is an example of a(n) ______joint. A) saddle B) gliding C) condylar D) hinge E) pivot

55) In a triaxial articulation, A) movement can occur in all three axes. B) movement can occur in only two axes. C) movement can occur in only one axis. D) only circumduction is possible. E) no movement is possible.

56) An extension past the anatomical position is known as A) double-jointed. B) extension. C) flexion. D) rotation. E) hyperextension.

57) Which of the following joints is an example of a ball-and-socket joint? A) elbow B) knee C) ankle D) wrist E) shoulder

58) The joints between vertebrae are examples of ______joints. A) saddle B) pivot C) condylar D) hinge E) gliding

59) Which foot movement enables the ballerina to stand on her toes? A) dorsiflexion B) plantar flexion C) inversion D) rotation E) eversion

60) Which of the following movements is a good example of supination? A) opening the mouth B) turning the hand palm upward C) extreme bending of the head backwards D) moving the hand toward the shoulder E) spreading the fingers

61) Lifting a stone with the tip of foot is A) circumduction. B) eversion. C) inversion. D) plantar flexion. E) dorsiflexion.

8 62) Which of the following movements is a good example of hyperextension? A) opening the mouth B) turning the hand palm upward C) extreme bending of the head backwards D) moving the hand toward the shoulder E) spreading the fingers

63) Which of the following movements is a good example of abduction? A) opening the mouth B) turning the hand palm upward C) extreme bending of the head backwards D) moving the hand toward the shoulder E) spreading the fingers

64) Which of the following movements is a good example of depression? A) opening the mouth B) turning the hand palm upward C) extreme bending of the head backwards D) moving the hand toward the shoulder E) spreading the fingers

65) Nodding your head "yes" is an example of A) lateral and medial rotation. B) circumduction. C) flexion and extension. D) pronation and supination. E) protraction and retraction.

66) Which of the following movements would you associate with chewing food? A) elevation B) abduction C) flexion D) pronation E) circumduction

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Figure 9-2 Bones of the Wrist and Hand

Use Figure 9-2 to answer the following questions:

67) Identify the type of joint at label "1." A) hinge B) condylar C) gliding D) saddle E) pivot

68) Identify the type of joint at label "2." A) hinge B) condylar C) gliding D) saddle E) pivot

69) Identify the type of joint at label "3." A) hinge B) gliding C) condylar D) saddle E) pivot

70) Identify the type of joint at label "4." A) hinge B) gliding C) condylar D) saddle E) pivot

71) Identify the type of joint at label "5." A) hinge D) saddle B) condylar E) pivot C) gliding

72) The movement of rotating a limb toward the anterior surface of the body is called ______rotation. A) frontal B) external C) lateral D) outward E) medial

73) The movement of rotating a limb outward is called ______rotation. A) lateral B) internal C) medial D) superficial E) abductive

74) The atlantoaxial joint is an example of a ______joint. A) ball and socket D) condyloid B) pivot E) saddle C) gliding 10

75) The movement of the forearm while twisting a doorknob is A) protraction and retraction. B) abduction and adduction. C) flexion and extension. D) lateral rotation and medial rotation. E) supination and pronation.

76) Identify the incorrect pair. A) gliding joint; sacroiliac joint B) ; hip joint C) ; ankle joint D) condylar joint; radiocarpal joint E) ; first carpometacarpal joint

77) You ______your mandible when you grasp your upper lip with your lower teeth. A) rotate B) extend C) pivot D) protract E) pronate

78) The movement of a body part upward is called A) extension. B) protraction. C) supination. D) elevation. E) abduction.

79) Which of the following types of movement are not permitted at a synovial joint? A) eversion B) flexion C) retraction D) gliding E) They are all permitted.

80) The movement of a body part downward is called A) retraction. B) pronation. C) depression. D) protraction. E) eversion.

81) ______is a type of angular movement that increases the angle between articulating bones. A) Adduction B) Abduction C) Flexion D) Extension E) Rotation

82) ______is a type of angular movement that decreases the angle between articulating bones. A) Adduction B) Abduction C) Flexion D) Extension E) Rotation

11 83) Which of the following is not a type of synovial joint? A) gliding B) hinge C) pivot D) symphysis E) condylar

84) All of the following movements occur at the intervertebral joints except A) flexion. B) rotation. C) dorsiflexion. D) lateral flexion. E) extension.

85) The gelatinous core of an intervertebral disc is called the A) annulus fibrosus. B) nucleus pulposus. C) synovial fluid. D) gelatinous pulposus. E) gelatinous fibrosus.

86) The fibrocartilage outer layer of the intervertebral disc is called the A) annulus fibrosus. B) nucleus pulposus. C) synovial fluid. D) gelatinous pulposus. E) gelatinous fibrosus.

87) The flava ligament is A) a paired ligament that connect the laminae of adjacent vertebrae. B) a fibrous band that connects the posterior surfaces of adjacent vertebral bodies. C) a band of fibrous tissue connecting the spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae. D) a longitudinal fibrous band that is attached to the tips of spinous processes from C7 to the sacrum. E) a wide fibrous band that connect the anterior surfaces of the adjacent vertebral bodies.

88) The supraspinous ligament is A) a paired ligament that connects the laminae of adjacent vertebrae. B) a fibrous band that connects the posterior surfaces of adjacent vertebral bodies. C) a band of fibrous tissue connecting the spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae. D) a longitudinal fibrous band that is attached to the tips of spinous processes from C7 to the sacrum. E) a wide fibrous band that connect the anterior surfaces of the adjacent vertebral bodies.

89) The interspinous ligament is A) a paired ligament that connects the laminae of adjacent vertebrae. B) a fibrous band that connects the posterior surfaces of adjacent vertebral bodies. C) a band of fibrous tissue connecting the spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae. D) a longitudinal fibrous band that is attached to the tips of spinous processes from C7 to the sacrum. E) a wide fibrous band that connect the anterior surfaces of the adjacent vertebral bodies.

90) The anterior longitudinal ligament is A) a paired ligament that connects the laminae of adjacent vertebrae. B) a fibrous band that connects the posterior surfaces of adjacent vertebral bodies. C) a band of fibrous tissue connecting the spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae. D) a longitudinal fibrous band that is attached to the tips of spinous processes from C7 to the sacrum. E) a wide fibrous band that connect the anterior surfaces of the adjacent vertebral bodies.

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91) The posterior longitudinal ligament is A) a paired ligament that connects the laminae of adjacent vertebrae. B) a fibrous band that connects the posterior surfaces of adjacent vertebral bodies. C) a band of fibrous tissue connecting the spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae. D) a longitudinal fibrous band that is attached to the tips of spinous processes from C7 to the sacrum. E) a wide fibrous band that connect the anterior surfaces of the adjacent vertebral bodies.

92) The elbow joint is extremely stable because A) the ulna and humerus interlock. B) the articular capsule is thin. C) the capsule lacks ligaments. D) several muscles support the joint capsule. E) the joint lacks bursae.

93) Contraction of the muscle that is attached to the radial tuberosity results in A) flexion of the forearm. B) extension of the forearm. C) abduction of the forearm. D) adduction of the forearm. E) rotation of the shoulder.

94) The largest and strongest articulation at the elbow is the A) humero-ulnar joint. B) ulnar joint. C) ulnaradial joint. D) radial joint. E) humeroradial joint.

95) The ligament that provides support to the front of the knee joint is the ______ligament. A) anterior cruciate B) posterior cruciate C) patellar D) popliteal E) tibial collateral

96) The ligaments that limit the anterior-posterior movement of the tibia and maintain the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles are the ______ligaments. A) cruciate B) fibular collateral C) patellar D) popliteal E) tibial collateral

97) In the knee joint, the medial and lateral menisci A) are cartilages that bind the knee to the tibia. B) act as cushions between the articulating surfaces. C) take the place of bursae. D) are found between the patella and femur. E) are prominent fat pads to protect the articulating bones.

98) The structures that assist the bursae in reducing friction between the patella and other tissues are the A) fat pads. B) medial menisci. C) lateral menisci. D) popliteal ligaments. E) cruciate ligaments. 13

99) The normal movement of the knee joint during walking involves A) abduction. B) adduction. C) flexion. D) extension. E) both flexion and extension.

100) The back of the knee joint is reinforced by ______ligaments. A) tibial collateral B) anterior cruciate C) posterior cruciate D) patellar E) popliteal

101) The medial surface of the knee joint is reinforced by the ______ligament. A) cruciate B) fibular collateral C) patellar D) popliteal E) tibial collateral

102) Complete dislocation of the knee is rare because A) the knee is protected by the patella. B) the femur articulates with the tibia at the knee. C) the knee contains seven major ligaments. D) the knee contains fat pads to absorb shocks. E) the knee is extremely resilient.

103) The most common athletic knee injury produces damage to the A) patella. B) lateral meniscus. C) ligaments. D) tendons. E) medial meniscus.

104) The ligament that encloses the ______attaches to the tibial tuberosity. A) head of the femur B) greater trochanter C) medial malleolus D) lesser trochanter E) patella

105) The knee joint is stabilized by ______major ligaments. A) 3 B) 5 C) 7 D) 9 E) 11

106) In nursemaids elbow the radial head is dislocated from the A) ulnar collateral ligament. B) radial collateral ligament. C) articular capsule. D) anular ligament. E) antebrachial interosseous membrane.

14 107) Which ligament connects the clavicle and the acromion? A) coracohumeral B) coracoacromial C) coracoclavicular D) glenohumeral E) acromioclavicular

108) The joint that permits the greatest range of mobility of any joint in the body is the ______joint. A) hip B) shoulder C) elbow D) knee E) wrist

109) Which of the following is false? A) The rotator cuff functions to limit the range of movements of the shoulder joint. B) The shapes of the articulating surfaces within the joint help prevent movement in a particular direction and strengthen and stabilize the joint. C) The tighter two bones are held together within a joint, the stronger the joint. D) The more movement a joint allows, the stronger the joint. E) The tension produced by muscle tendons surrounding a joint help stabilize the joint.

110) The "rotator cuff" of the shoulder functions to A) reinforce the joint capsule. B) limit the range of movements. C) allow biaxial movement. D) allow monaxial movement. E) reinforce the joint capsule and limit the range of movements.

111) Which of the following ligaments assists in stabilization of the shoulder joint? A) coracoacromial B) subscapularis C) coracoclavicular D) coracoacromial and subscapular ligaments E) coracoacromial and coracoclavicular ligaments

112) Which of the following athletes are at greatest risk of developing a rotator cuff injury? A) tennis players B) soccer players C) runners D) baseball pitchers E) high jumpers

113) Which of the following ligaments is not associated with the hip joint? A) iliofemoral ligament B) pubofemoral ligament C) ischiofemoral ligament D) ligamentum teres E) anterior

114) Which of the following explains the occurrence of a hip fracture rather than a hip dislocation? A) There is a severe lack of capsular fibers in hip joints compared to other synovial joints. B) Only three ligaments are present in hip joints to provide stability. C) Stress gets transferred from head of femur to the diaphysis via the thin neck. D) Muscles surrounding the hip joint are altogether small and thus provide little stability. E) All of the above.

15 115) Factors that increase the stability of the hip joint include A) strong muscular padding. B) tough capsule. C) almost complete bony socket. D) supporting ligaments. E) All of the answers are correct.

116) The coxal bones articulate with the sacrum at the ______joint. A) vertebrocoxal B) coxosacral C) iliocoxal D) vertebroilial E) sacroiliac

117) The glenoid fossa is rimmed by the fibrocartilaginous A) fovea capitis. B) glenoid labrum. C) menisci glenoidum. D) annulus fibrosus. E) nucleus pulposus.

118) The shoulder joint, or ______joint, permits the greatest range of motion of any joint. A) coracocondylar B) humeroacromial C) clavicoscapular D) glenohumeral E) deltobrachial

119) Which of the following is not a member of the rotator cuff? A) teres major B) subscapularis C) teres minor D) infraspinatus E) supraspinatus

120) Arthritis always involves damage to the ______cartilages, but the specific cause can vary. A) articular B) intervertebral C) costal D) elastic E) fibrous

121) A general term for pain and stiffness that affects the skeletal or muscular system is A) rheumatism. B) atherosclerosis. C) bursitis. D) bunions. E) arthritis.

122) The clinical term for joint inflammation is A) rheumatism. B) atherosclerosis. C) bursitis. D) bunions. E) arthritis.

16 123) In ______crystals of uric acid form within the synovial fluid of joints. A) rheumatism B) degenerative joint disease C) rheumatoid arthritis D) osteoporosis E) gouty arthritis

124) In ______an autoimmune response attacks joints and causes an inflammation condition. A) rheumatism B) degenerative joint disease C) rheumatoid arthritis D) osteoporosis E) gouty arthritis

125) The most common type of joint inflammation is called A) rheumatism. B) degenerative joint disease. C) rheumatoid arthritis. D) osteoporosis. E) gouty arthritis.

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