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Chapter 9 Activity:

1. List the three structural categories of joints and briefly describe the criteria used for structural classification of joints.

2. List the three functional classifications of joints, and briefly describe the basis for the functional classification of joints.

3. Which functional class of joints contains joints that are freely movable?

1. 2. 3. Diarthrosis

a) 1 only c) 3 only e) All of these choices b) 2 only d) Both 2 and 3

4. Which of the following is a type of fibrous composed of a thin layer of dense irregular fibrous connective tissue found between the bones of the skull?

1. Syndesmoses 2. Gomphosis 3. Suture

a) 1 only c) 3 only e) None of these choices b) 2 only d) Both 1 and 2

5. The epiphyseal plate in a long bone is an example of which type of joint? a) Gomphosis c) e) b) Suture d) Synovial

6. The joint between the first rib and the manubrium of the sternum is classified as a) a synchondrosis. c) a . e) None of these choices. b) a synarthrosis. d) All of these choices.

7. Which of the following is(are) made from dense regular connective tissue? a) c) Articular fat pads e) b) Articular cartilage d)

8. What unique characteristics would a person who is "double-jointed” possess? Answer:

9. Briefly describe the functions of synovial fluid. Answer:

10. Briefly describe what is happening when a person “cracks their knuckles”. Answer:

11. Which of the following structures include the fibular and tibial collateral ligaments of the joint? a) Synovial membranes c) Menisci e) Tendon sheath b) Articular fat pads d) Extracapsular ligaments

12. Another term for menisci is a) articular fat pads. c) articular spaces. e) capsular discs. b) articular discs. d) capsular fat pads.

13. Articular discs

1. maintain the stability of a joint. 2. direct flow of the synovial fluid to areas of greatest friction. 3. are made of hyaline cartilage. 4. are only found in the vertebral column.

a) 1 only c) 3 only e) 1 and 2 b) 2 only d) 4 only

14. Which of the following structures is used to reduce friction in joints?

1. Bursae 2. Synovial fluid 3. Accessory ligaments 4. Elastic fibers

a) 1 only c) 3 only e) 1 and 2 b) 2 only d) 4 only

15. Which of the following is not considered a “special movement” that occurs at only certain joints? a) Depression d) Supination b) Protraction e) All of these are special movements c) Elevation

16. What type of special movement occurs in your clavicles at your acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints when you cross your arms in front of your body? a) Protraction c) Inversion e) Supination b) Retraction d) Eversion

17. A a) is also called an ellipsoidal joint. b) is considered to be biaxial. c) allows both flexion–extension & abduction–adduction of the joint. d) can be found in the wrist. e) is All of these choices

18. What type of joint is shown in the diagram of the and fibula?

a) Suture b) Syndesmosis c) Symphysis d) Cartilaginous e) Synovial

19. What type of joint is shown in the diagram of the tooth?

a) Suture b) Synostosis c) Symphysis d) Synovial e) Gomophosis

20. In the figure, what represents a ? a) A d) D b) B e) E c) C

21. In the diagram, what represents a ? a) A d) D b) B e) E c) C

22. Which of the joints shown in the figure is classified as a multiaxial joint? a) B d) E b) C e) F c) D

23. Which of the joints shown in the figure is classified as a biaxial joint? a) B b) C c) D d) E e) More than one selection is correct

24. Which of the joints shown in the figure is classified as a monaxial joint? a) A d) D b) B e) B and C c) C

25. Which of the joints shown in the figure represents a condyloid joint? a) A d) D b) B e) E c) C

26. Which of the joints shown in the figure only permits back-and-forth and side-to-side movements between the articulating bones? a) A d) Both A and B b) B e) Both A and C c) C

27. Which of the joints shown in the figure only permits back-and-forth and side-to-side movements between the articulating bones? a) A d) Both A and B b) B e) Both A and C c) C

28. Which type of joint permits this type of movement? . 1. 2. Cartilaginous joint 3.

a) 1 only d) Both 1 &2 b) 2 only e) Both 2 & 3 c) 3 only

29. Which of the panels in the figure shows a movement called lateral flexion?

a) B b) F c) G d) D e) C

30. Describe the general effects that aging has on joints. Answer:

31. List and briefly describe the three common types of arthritis. Answer:

32. Which of the following types of movement is shown in diagram E? a) supination b) circumduction c) pronation d) rotation e) adduction

33. Which of the following labeled panels in the figure shows hyperextension? a) C d) G b) E e) I c) F

34. Which of the following labeled panels in the figure shows flexion? a) E d) G b) F e) H c) C

35. Which of the following labeled panels in the figure shows extension? a) E d) G b) D e) I c) F

36. Which two panels in the figure show a movement of a bone away from the midline of the body? a) A and B b) B and D c) D and E d) F and A e) B and F

37. Which diagram shows a movement of a distal end of a body part in a circle, in a continuous a) A b) B c) C d) D e) F

38. Which panel in the figure shows an example of the movement termed elevation? a) A d) F b) B e) G c) E

39. Which panel in the figure shows an example of the movement termed inversion? a) B d) F b) D e) G c) E

40. Which panel in the figure shows an example of the movement termed retraction? a) A d) D b) B e) I c) C

41. Which panel in the figure shows an example of the movement termed supination? a) E d) H b) F e) I c) G

42. Which panel in the figure shows an example of the movement termed opposition? a) E d) H b) F e) I c) G

43. Which of the following is a degenerative joint disease in which joint cartilage is gradually lost due to a combination of aging, obesity, wear and abrasion of the joints? a) gouty arthritis c) bursitis e) synovitis b) Lyme disease d) osteoarthritis

44. Which of the following is an autoimmune disease that affects the joints? a) gouty arthritis c) arthroplasty e) rheumatoid arthritis b) Lyme disease d) osteoarthritis

45. Which of the following diseases is characterized by sodium urate crystals being deposited in the soft tissues of joints? a) gouty arthritis c) ankylosing spondylitis e) rheumatoid arthritis b) Lyme disease d) osteoarthritis

46. Which of the following is a correct description of arthroplasty? a) resurfacing of cartilage in a joint b) reshaping of the ends of the bones in a joint c) surgically replacing a joint with an artificial joint d) injection of synovial fluid into the joint e) a, b, and d

47. Based on the structural classification of joints, which of the following is a fibrous joint? a) Synchondrosis c) Symphysis e) Diarthrosis b) Synovial joint d) Syndesmosis

48. A condition in which a muscle or muscle and tendon is stretched or partially torn is called a) bursitis. c) a strain. e) an arthrosis. b) a sprain. d) a dislocation.

49. A joint in which there is a complete fusion of two separate bones into one bone is called a a) synchondrosis. c) symphysis. e) synostosis. b) syndesmosis. d) diarthrosis.

50. Which of the following is NOT an anatomical component of the elbow? a) articular capsule. d) anular of the radius. b) ulnar collateral ligament. e) tendon of the biceps brachii muscle. c) radial collateral ligament.

51. Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences the type of movement and range of motion possible at a synovial joint? a) structure of the articulating bones. d) arrangement and tension of the muscles. b) strength and tension of the joint ligaments. e) hormones. c) use of the joint.

52. The line is pointing to the _____ ligament. a) fibular collateral b) posterior cruciate c) oblique popliteal d) anterior cruciate

53. The line is pointing to the _____. a) lateral b) medial meniscus c) anterior cruciate ligament d) posterior cruciate ligament

54. The line is pointing to the _____ ligament. a) coracoacromial b) acromioclavicular c) glenohumeral d) coracohumeral

55. The line is pointing to the _____ ligaments. a) coracoacromial b) acromioclavicular c) glenohumeral d) coracohumeral