S O U T H DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT Brick Earth Mining & Other Mining First Edition -September 2019 T
S S R I P U R Consultant/FaCilitor
WEst BEnGal,inDia Email : [email protected] A DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SOUTH TRIPURA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019
CONFIDENTIALITY CLAUSE
This District Survey Report (DSR) of South Tripura District, Tripura, has been prepared by RSP Green Development and Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., Howrah, West Bengal, India.
Any reproduction, direct or indirect other than for the specific purpose for which the report has been prepared, should not be carried out, without prior written consent of Govt. of Tripura.
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SOUTH TRIPURA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Last but not the least, RSP Green Development and Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. record their sincere thanks and gratefulness to the Government functionaries of Tripura and prominent citizens of South Tripura district and also the villagers in and around the villages who have offered their fullest cooperation unhesitatingly but for which the execution of the work would have not become as smooth as it has been.
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SOUTH TRIPURA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019
With Thanks ……………….
Department & Designated person(s) Designation District Administration: Shri Debapriya Bardhan, IAS District Magistrate (DM) Shri Santosh Das, TCS Addl. District Magistrate All Officers District Administration
Forest: Dr. Alind Rastogi, IFS, PCCF & HoFF Shri Mahender Singh, IFS, DFO Shri Tapojyoti Kishore Debbarma, TFS SDFO Shri Abhijit Dey SDFO All Officers Forest Dept (H.O)
DSTE: Shri Animesh Das, IAS Member Secretary, SEIAA All Officers Dte. of Science, Technology & Environment
TSPCB: Dr. Basant Kumar Agarwala Chairman Dr. Mihir Kumar Das Scientist-C & SEAC Secretary All Officers Tripura State Pollution Control Board
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SOUTH TRIPURA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019
CONTENTS
Sl. No. Contents Page Nos. 1. Preface 06-06 2. Introduction 07-08 3. General Profile of the District 09-27 4. Physiography of the District 28-28 5. Land Use Pattern of the District 29-33 6. Geology 34-37 7. Geological and Mineral Map of Tripura 38-40 8. Geomorphology 41-45 9. Soil types 46-46 10. Natural Hazards 46-46 11. Mineral Resources 47-47 Methodology of Brick Earth and Ordinary 12. 47-47 Earth mining and Guiding Principles 13. Over view of Mining Activity in the District 47-47 Brick Earth Mining: Quantifications & 14. 48-48 Recommendations Ordinary Earth Mining: Quantifications & 15. 49-49 Recommendations Economic Impact of Mining: Brick Earth 16. 50-50 Mining & Ordinary Earth Mining 17. Concluding Remarks 51-51
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SOUTH TRIPURA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019
Page Sl. No. List of Maps & Figures Nos. 1. Map 1: Administrative Map of South Tripura District 8 2. Map 2: Location Map of South Tripura District 10 3. Map 3: River System Map of South Tripura District 17 4. Map 4: Drainage Pattern Map of South Tripura District 20 5. Map 5: Forest Map of South Tripura District 26 6. Map 6: Land Use Map of South Tripura District 32 7. Map 7: Forest Map of South Tripura District 33 8. Map 8: Geological Map of South Tripura District 36 9. Map 9: Elevation Map of South Tripura District 44 10. Map 10: Drainage Network Map of South Tripura District 45
1. Fig 1: Bar Diagram of Average Rainfall, South Tripura District 14 2. Fig 2: Pie Chart of Average Rainfall, South Tripura District 15 Fig 3: Bar Diagram of Estimated Population, South Tripura 3. 22 District Fig 4: Pie chart of Male & Female population, South Tripura 4. 22 District Fig 5: Pie chart of ST & ST population, South Tripura 5. 23 6. Fig 6: Pie chart of rural & urban population, South Tripura 23 7. Fig 7: Bar diagram of cropping pattern, South Tripura District 24 8. Fig 8: Bar diagram of land use pattern , South Tripura District 30 9. Fig 9: Pie Chart of land use pattern, South Tripura District 30 10. Fig 10: Pie chart of Forest Land, South Tripura District 31
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SOUTH TRIPURA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019
1. PREFACE:
On 15 January 2016, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India issued a notification and in which Para 7(iii) (a) and Annexure (x), purpose and structure of District Survey Report has been discussed. District Survey Report (DSR) will be prepared in every district for each minor mineral. The District Survey Report will guide systematic and scientific utilization of natural resources, so that present and future generation may be benefited at large. The guidelines of MoEF&CC will support that fundamental concept, promoting environmental protection, limiting negative physiological, hydrological and social impacts under pinning sustainable economic growth. It is really an enigma that all earth materials are not used for making bricks. The rudiments of the subject lie within the geology of soil characteristics. Mostly, the presence of clayey soils is the fulcrum of brick earth industry. On this parlance, we can say that the abundance of clayey soil seems to tilt the scales in favour of brick maker (Lessee). So, they should have a business acumen and eye catching overall performances to do this plum job within a time frame of consecutive five years.
This District Survey Report (DSR) will contain mainly data published and endorsed by various departments and websites about Geology of the area, Mineral wealth details of the investigated area, details of Lease and Mining activity in the District along with brick earth mining and revenue of minerals. This report also contains details of Forest, Rivers, Soil, Agriculture, climate and other geo- morphological unit.
The total geographical area of the District is 1514.3Sq.. km (approx). Although the district is situated in the southernmost tip of the State; it has the advantage of being connected with the State Capital through National Highway 44. The anticlinal hill ranges forms the watersheds from which various drainage channels emerged. The district is drained by many perennial rivers. The major rivers are Gomati, Muhuri, Fenny, Laugang etc.
Physiographically, the area can be divided into two parts, Anticlinal Hill Ranges and Synclinal flat- bottomed valleys. The major hill ranges are Baramura and Atharamura. The trend of the hill ranges is almost N – S. Disclaimer: The data may vary due to flood, heavy rains and other natural calamities. Therefore, it is recommended that SEIAA may take into consideration all its relevant aspects/ data while scrutinizing and recommending the application for EC to the concerned Authority. Page | 6 Prepared By: RSP GREEN DEVELOPMENT & LABORATORIES PVT. LTD. QCI- NABET ACCREDITIED EIA CONSULTANT (NABET/EIA/1922/IA0049).
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SOUTH TRIPURA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019
2. INTRODUCTION:
South Tripura district is situated between North Latitudes 22º58’ 00” and 23º45’ 00” and East Longitude 91º15’ 30” and 91º58’ 30” falling in the Survey of India degree sheet number 79M. It is bounded by Bangladesh on south, east and west sides, by west Tripura district on north and northwestern sides and by Dhalai district on northeast side. The total geographical area of the district is 1514.3 sq.km.
Bricks are made by Indian uneducated, unskilled and unemployed labourers. Brick kilns are largest temporary employment provider in Tripura as well as in our country and provide employment to the poorest section of the population who are in a ditch of financial crisis.
The local villagers in and around the brick kilns are the key source of “Human Resource” and they boost up the speed of the business of brick kiln industry tailoring their entire manual effort just to alleviate their financial doldrums. The upliftment of socio-economic conditions of these labourers is dependent on the fate of the demand supply gap for pucca bricks in local market. The overwhelming demand of bricks and fabulous response from customers for purchasing bricks put the responsibilities on the shoulders of proprietor of brick maker ensuring a good future of this business.
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SOUTH TRIPURA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019
Map 1: Administrative Map of South Tripura District
Source : South Tripura District Profile
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SOUTH TRIPURA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019
3. GENERAL PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT:
a) GENERAL INFORMATION:
Geographical Area and Geographical Position: The total geographical area of the District is 1514.322 sq. km. Although the district is situated in the southernmost tip of the State, it has the advantage of being connected with the State Capital through National Highway 44. The project for extension of railway line up to Sabroom Town via Belonia would further improve the transportation and communication link with the rest of the State. While Trishna Wildlife Sanctuary under Rajnagar Block and Pilak under Jolaibari have the potential to become major tourist attractions, Belonia and Sabroom Towns have the potential to become major export- import hub.
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SOUTH TRIPURA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019
Map 2: Location Map of South Tripura
Source : South Tripura District Profile
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SOUTH TRIPURA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019
Administrative Divisions (Sub-Divisions, Blocks):- District has three sub divisions (Belonia, Sabroom and Santirbazar). The district resides in two Lok Sabha constituencies: Tripura West (shared with West Tripura district) and Tripura East (shared with Dhalai and North Tripura districts).
SUB DIVISION/ REVENEU CIRCLE TEHSIL MAHAKUMA RAJAPUR, BIRCHANDRANAGAR, SANTIRBAZAR SANTIRBAZAR, BAIKORA, BOGAFA SANTIR BAZAR JOLAIBARI, LAKKHICHHARA, PURBO PILAK, PASCHIM JOLAIBARI PILAK, MUHURIPUR, KALSI, DAKHSIN HICHACHHARA
BILONIA, SARASHIMA, MAICHHARA, RISHYAMUKH, KRISHNAGAR, MOTAI, BILONIA RATANPUR, CHITTAMARA, BILONIA DAKSHIN BHARATCHANDRA NAGAR
BARPATHRI, RAJNAGAR, RAJNAGAR RADHANAGAR, SIDDHINAGAR
SABROOM, MANU BANKUL, SABROOM BAISNABPUR, HARINA, BRAJENDRANAGAR SABROOM MANU, BHORATOLI, MANU BAZAR SRINAGAR, DAKHSIN BIJOYPUR, RAJNAGAR Ref:https://jami.tripura.gov.in)
Population (As per Census 2011):- As per 2011 census, the total population of the district is 453079 persons with a density of 299 persons/ sq.km.
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SOUTH TRIPURA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019
b) CLIMATIC CONDITION:
The climate in the area is characterized by moderate temperature and is highly humid in nature. There are three prominent seasons summer, rainy and winter. The summer season spans from March to May and is followed by SW monsoon lasting till September. Winter season starts from November and lasts till the end of February.
The temperature in the area varies from 5.10C to 35.60C. The humidity is generally high throughout the year. In summer season the relative humidity varies between 50 to 90 percent and in rainy season, the relative humidity is over 85 percent in morning and in evening it varies between 70 to 80 percent.
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SOUTH TRIPURA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019
c) RAINFALL:
The co-efficient of variation of rainfall in the area ranges from 6 – 32% suggested a low variability of annual rainfall. Humidity is generally high throughout the year. In the summer season the
Relative Humidity is between 50 percent to 74 percent whereas in the rainy season it is over 85 percent.
SN MONTH AVERAGE RAINFALL (cm)
1 January 0 2 February 3.22 3 March 18.63 4 April 38.62 5 May 32.58 6 June 44.40 7 July 35.66 8 August 22.85 9 September 19.40 10 October 10.55 11 November 12.55 12 December 0
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SOUTH TRIPURA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019
RAINFALL IN cm
DECEMBER
NOVEMBER OCTOBER SEPTEMBER AUGUST
JULY RAINFALL IN cm JUNE MAY APRIL MARCH
FEBRUARY 0 10 20 30 40 50 JANUARY
Fig 1: Bar diagram of average rainfall (South Tripura District)
Fig 2: Pie chart of average rainfall (South Tripura district)
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SOUTH TRIPURA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019
d) TEMPERATURE:
Tropical climatic conditions reign in Tripura. During summer the diurnal temperature goes above 30 to 31 degree Celsius and in winter it can drop down around 9 degree Celsius. e) WIND DIRECTION AND PATTERN: The secondary data of wind direction is not available from Meteorological department of the State. So construction of Wind Rose diagram is not possible to show the wind direction and its pattern.
f) DRAINAGE & IRRIGATION: Irrigation system upon which agricultural activities depend is entirely controlled by the local drainage system i.e., streams, rivers, canals, cherras and dug out wells. g) TOPOGRAPHY & TERRAIN:
Physiographically, the area can be divided into two parts, Anticlinal Hill Ranges and Synclinal flat- bottomed valleys. The major hill ranges are Baramura and a hill range at west boundary. The trend of the hill ranges is almost N – S. The height of the hill ranges increases from west to east. A broad synclinal valley is located along Manu-bazar, Jolaibari, Laogang Bazar. The valleys are gently undulating with intermittent flood plains of rivers and streams. The undulations formed by 10 to 30 m high mounds with gullies in between them, locally called “loonga.”
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SOUTH TRIPURA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019
h) WATER COURSE & HYDROLOGY:
The principal rivers flowing through the district are, Gomati. The river Gomati originates from the range connecting the Longtharai and Atharamura. At its source, two rivulet s, namely, Kalyansing and Malyansing meet, thereafter it takes the name of Raimacherra till it meets the Sharmacherra. Later it assumes the name Gomati. The River Gomati which is about 135 km. Long runs across the sub-divisions Gandacherra, now under Dhalai District, Amarpur and Udaipur under Gomati District and Sonamura Sub-Division of GomatiDistrict. The river Muhuri has its source in the Deotamura range. It is more than 64 km. long and has a catchment area of 1014 sq.km. and it flows westwards through hillocks and plains of Belonia sub-division till it enters Bangladesh. At the source of river Feni, there are three streams known as the Asslang, the Rangafeni and Taindung, of which the Asslang is the principal channel. The river Feni forms the natural boundary between the Gomati District and Bangladesh.
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SOUTH TRIPURA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019
Map 3: River system map of South Tripura District
Source :South Tripura District Profile
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SOUTH TRIPURA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019
i) GROUND WATER DEVELOPMENT: In shallow aquifer ground water occurs under unconfined and semi-confined to confined conditions. In major part of the area ground water occurs under unconfined condition in shallow depth. Ground water occurs under confined condition within shallow depths in small isolated zones, e.g., in central part of Kakraban block, in northern part (Rajapur – Kanchannagar area) of Bagafa block, in Srirampur area of Rajnagar block, in the southern part (Jalefa – Harina area) of Satchand block. In deeper aquifers ground water occurs under semi-confined to confined conditions. Ground water occurs under artesian condition in Tulamura, Dhuptali, Rajnagar, Muhuripur, Charakbai, East Pipariakhola, Fulkumari and Satchand area.
Nature and depth of Aquifer systems in the area Aquifer system of the area is divided into two types, viz, shallow aquifer within 50 m bgl and deep aquifer between 50 to 300 m below ground level. Udaipur – Subroom valley:
This valley is a southern extension of Agartala valley. This valley is dominated by thick sandstone horizons with thin intervening shale / clay horizons particularly in the northern and southern part. In the central part around Baikhora and Satchand the sandstone is quite thick and forms almost a single aquifer system. In Rajapur – Tulamura area four aquifers can be identified. The first granular zone is encountered in the depth range of 25 to 56 m below ground level. The thickness of the zone varies from 14 to 25 m. The second granular zone occurs between 60 – 140 m below ground level. In Subroom – Manubazar area 60 – 90 m thick granular zone occur between 35 – 135 m below ground level and second granular zone encountered at a depth of 150 – 195 m below ground level. In the southern part of Belonia and eastern part of Manu Bhanga hill Range (around Srinagar area) the sediment is more argillaceous. Depth to water level and seasonal fluctuation
The Board is monitoring water levels of observation wells four times in a year i.e., during January, March, August and November. There are seven observation wells in the district which are located at Manurmukh, Dhawajnagar-udaipur, Gaptalli, Gorjee bazaar, Hryshamukh, Santirbazar and Sabroom. During pre-monsoon period (March 2008), depth to water level in unconfined aquifer varies from 1.42 – 5.82 m below ground level. During post-monsoon period (November 2008), depth to water level in unconfined aquifer varies from 0.90 – 5.10 m below ground
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SOUTH TRIPURA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019
level. The seasonal fluctuation of water level (2008) varies between 0.20 to 1.04 m. Long term Trend of Water Level
The Board is generating water level data over the years through monitoring of network stations. There are 7 nos. network stations in the district. The data generated was utilised for long-term trend of water levels. During pre-monsoon season, the trend of water level for the last decade (1999 – 2008) shows a rise of water level in 3 stations ranging from 0.173 to 0.205 m/yr and fall of water level in 1 station in order of 0.011 m/yr.
During post-monsoon season, the trend of water level for the last decade (1997 – 2008) shows a rise in 4 stations with 0.035 to 0.081 m/yr and fall in 4 stations with 0.059 to 0.205 m/yr.
j) DRAINAGE SYSTEM (GENERAL):
The anticlinal hill ranges forms the watersheds from which various drainage channels emerged. The district is drained by many perennial rivers. The major rivers are Laugang, Muhuri, and Fenny etc. These perennial rivers are a part of Gomti sub-basin which in turn forms a part of Meghna basin. The common drainage patterns are sub-parallel to parallel and dendritic. Up to 4th order streams are found in the area.
Feni River rises from the hill ranges of the Indian state of tripura at 23°20'N and 91°47'E, flows southwest marking the boundary with the Chittagong hill tracts, then flows west, separating Tripura from Chittagong up to Aliganj and then emerges out of the hills and passes through the plains dividing Chittagong from Noakhali before falling into the Bay of Bengal at 22°50'N and 91°27'E. This river belongs to Bangladesh as it used to form the demarcation line between Chittagong, Noakhali and Tripura State of India. But since 1960, India is using the river, claiming their right up to the midstream.
The river is 116 km long from the source to the Bay of Bengal and 80.5 km of it up to Ramgarh is navigable throughout the year by small boats. During monsoon, it remains full of water but with every heavy shower in its catchment area it becomes furious with rapid currents and whirling eddies at sharp turns. The Muhuri from Noakhali district, also called little Feni, falls into it near its mouth but it has no important affluent from Chittagong district. The river is gradually silting up due to reckless extraction of timber tree from the hill slopes and consequent heavy erosion of the hills.
Muhuri River, also called Little Feni, from Noakhali District joins it near its mouth. The river is navigable throughout the year by small boats up to Ramgarh, some 80 kilometres upstream. Page | 19 Prepared By: RSP GREEN DEVELOPMENT & LABORATORIES PVT. LTD. QCI- NABET ACCREDITIED EIA CONSULTANT (NABET/EIA/1922/IA0049).
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SOUTH TRIPURA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019
Map 4: Drainage Pattern Map of South Tripura District
Source :South Tripura District Profile
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SOUTH TRIPURA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019
k) DEMOGRAPHY:
PARAMETERS PARTICULARS
Total population 4, 53,079 Nos. Male 2, 34,118 Nos. Female 2, 18,961 Nos.
SC Population (No. and % of total population) 74,020 Nos. (16.33%) ST Population (No. and % of total population) 1, 62,463 Nos. (35.85%) Rural Population (in lakh) 4, 14,426 Nos.
Urban Population (in lakh) 38,653 Nos.
Population Density (Ratio) 299 per Sq. Km.
Sex Ratio 935 Female per 1000 Male Literacy Male (in percentage) 93.39%
Literacy Female (in percentage) 79.54%
Literacy Total (in percentage) 85.09%
Total geographical area (in Sq. Km.) 1514.3 Sq. Km.
(ref: DIARY 2018, GOVT. OF TRIPURA)
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SOUTH TRIPURA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019
NO OF POPULATION 250000
200000
150000
100000 NO OF POPULATION
50000
0 Male Female SC ST Population Population
Fig 3: Bar diagram of population, South Tripura
NO OF POPULATION
Male Female
Fig 4: Pie chart of male and female population, South Tripura
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SOUTH TRIPURA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019
Fig 5: Pie chart of ST & ST population, South Tripura
NO OF POPULATION
Rural Population Urban Population
Fig 6: Pie chart of rural & urban population, South Tripura
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SOUTH TRIPURA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019
l) CROPPING PATTERN: The major crops grown in the area are rice, pulses, oilseeds, potato and other crops. Cropping pattern in the area is paddy oriented. During the year 2006- 07, rice is a major crop grown with 28,813 ha. PARAMETERS AREA IN HECTARE
NET SOWN AREA 41840 CURRENT FALLOW 475
AREA SOWN MORE THAN ONCE A YEAR 24647
GROSS CROPPED AREA 72685 NET CROPPED AREA 41840 AREA UNDER FOOD GRAIN 44376 AREA UNDER SRI 17252 (ref: DISTRICT PROFILE, SOUTH TRIPURA, GOVT OF TRIPURA)
AREA IN HACTARES
AREA UNDER SRI
AREA UNDER FOOD GRAINS
NET CROPPED AREA
GROSS CROPPED AREA AREA IN HACTARES AREA SOWN MORE THAN ONCE A YEAR
CURRENT FALLOW
NET SOWN AREA
0 20000 40000 60000 80000
Fig 7: Bar diagram of cropping pattern, South Tripura District
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SOUTH TRIPURA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019
m) LAND FORM AND SEISMICITY: Physiographically, the area can be divided into two parts, Anticlinal Hill Ranges and Synclinal flat-bottomed valleys. The major hill ranges are Baramura and a hill range at west boundary. The trend of the hill ranges is almost N – S. The height of the hill ranges increases from west to east. A broad synclinal valley is located along Manu-bazar, Jolaibari, Laogang Bazar. The valleys are gently undulating with intermittent flood plains of rivers and streams. The undulations formed by 10 to 30 m high mounds with gullies in between them, locally called “loonga.” The South Tripura district comes under Earthquake prone Zone-V.
n) FLORA
The forests of Tripura are varied. On the basis of large-scale studies in other North-Eastern States, Deb(1981) considered the classification of forest types suggested by Champion and Seth (1968) as better suited for describing and correlating the forest types in India. Deb‟s description of the flora of Tripura has been followed here. Based on climate (also altitude and longitude), the forests of Tripura are treated under tropical forest types. They are grouped and described as follows:
A. Climate Types B. Seral types C. Subsidiary Edaphic types
Bamboo brakes widely in character and aspect cover very large areas in Tripura as in Burma and Chittagong. Continuous bamboo forests are interrupted with scattered evergreen treesor deciduous secondary stands. Sheltered hollows and other favourable sites are dominated by bamboo. The vast preponderance of bamboo forest may be the result of activity of man in his practice of shifting favourable for bamboo growth. It is also possible that bamboo holds the ground as a primary edaphic sub-climax.
(ref: biodiversity.tripura.gov.in/flora)
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SOUTH TRIPURA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019
Map 5: Forest Map of South Tripura District Source :South Tripura District Profile
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SOUTH TRIPURA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019
n) FAUNA
Wide variety of wild animals belonging to different groups are found in Tripura. The richness of fauna could be attributed to its unique bio-geographical location and zoo-geographical position. Literature shows that there were large populations of rhinoceros, elephant, tiger, leopard, langurs and monkeys in Tripura (Gupta, 2000).
Of a total of 15 species of non-human primate in India, 7(46.70%) are documented from Tripura (Gupta, 2000). These also include some of the highly rare, endemic and endangered species, viz., Hoolock gibbon, slow loris, capped langur, Phayre‟s langur, stump-tailed macaqueand pig-tailed macaque. The other endangered and threatened mammalian species in Schedule 1 of Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 are elephant, sloth bear, Indian wolf, Binturong, leopard, marbled cat, leopard cat, Chinese pangolin and serrow, etc.
Seven primate species have been documented in Tripura out of a total 15 found in India. Of these Primates, slow loris and stumped tailed monkeys have become rare. Phayre‟s leaf monkey (locally known as „Chashma Banar‟), has a very restricted distribution in India, and is found in Tripura. Hoolock gibbon is the only ape found in India, and its population has been rapidly dwindling in Tripura.
(ref: biodiversity.tripura.gov.in/fauna)
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SOUTH TRIPURA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019
4. PHYSIOGRAPHY OF THE DISTRICT:
Physiographically, the area can be divided into two parts, Anticlinal Hill Ranges and Synclinal flat-bottomed valleys. The major hill ranges are Baramura and a hill range at west boundary. The trend of the hill ranges is almost N – S. The height of the hill ranges increases from west to east. A broad synclinal valley is located along Manu-bazar, Jolaibari, Laogang Bazar. The valleys are gently undulating with intermittent flood plains of rivers and streams. The undulations formed by 10 to 30 m high mounds with gullies in between them, locally called “loonga.”
In general, soils of the area are acidic in nature. The pH of soil ranges from 5.50 to 5.68. Nitrogen and phosphate is low, available potash is medium to high, calcium, magnesium and sulfur are deficient in these soils. In the area lateritic soil is found in tilla (hilly / small mounds) area, younger soils or river valley soils are found along all major river courses, clayey soils are found in paddy fields. Apart from these, sandy loam, clayey loam and loamy soils are also available.
Aquifer system of the area is divided into two types, viz, shallow aquifer within 50 m bgl and deep aquifer between 50 to 300 m below ground level.
Udaipur – Subroom valley:
This valley is a southern extension of Agartala valley. This valley is dominated by thick sandstone horizons with thin intervening shale / clay horizons particularly in the northern and southern part. In the central part around Baikhora and Satchand the sandstone is quite thick and forms almost a single aquifer system. The first granular zone is encountered in the depth range of 25 to 56 m below ground level. The thickness of the zone varies from 14 to 25 m. The second granular zone occurs between 60 – 140 m below ground level. In Subroom – Manubazar area 60 – 90 m thick granular zone occur between 35 – 135 m below ground level and second granular zone encountered at a depth of 150 – 195 m below ground level. In the southern part of Belonia and eastern part of Manu Bhanga hill range (around Srinagar area) the sediment is more argillaceous.
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SOUTH TRIPURA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019
5. LAND USE PATTERN: Classification of land Area (ha)
Forest Area 120038 Unclassified government forest 31530 Reserve forest 61441 Protected reserve forest 23988 Protected forest 3079 Gross cropped area 72685 Net sown area 41840 Area sown more than once a year (in ha) 24647 Land under nonagricultural use 21794.31 Uncultivable land 2187 Permanent pasture 392.39 Land under miscellaneous tree crops 7951.76 Cultivable waste land 4724 Current fallow 475
(ref: DISTRICT PROFILE, SOUTH TRIPURA, GOVT OF TRIPURA)
Rest of the area is used as built up area and other purpose.
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Area (ha)
Current fallow Cultivable waste land Land under miscellaneous tree crops Permanent pasture Uncultivable land Land under nonagricultural use Area sown more than once a year (in ha) Net sown area Area (ha) Gross cropped area Protected forest Protected reserve forest Reserve forest Unclassified government forest Forest Area
0 40000 80000 120000
Fig 8: Bar diagram of Land use pattern, South Tripura District
Fig 9: Pie chart of land use pattern, South Tripura District
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SOUTH TRIPURA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019
PROTECTED FOREST, 3079
PROTECTED RESERVE FOREST, 23988
UNCLASSIFIED GOVT. FOREST, 31530
RESERVE Fig 10: Pie chart of Forest land (in Ha), South Tripura District FOREST, 61441
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SOUTH TRIPURA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019
Map 6: Land use map of South Tripura District
Source :South Tripura District Profile
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SOUTH TRIPURA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019
Map 7: Land use map of South Tripura District
Source :South Tripura District Profile
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SOUTH TRIPURA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019
6. GEOLOGY:
Regional and Local Geology:
Physiographically, the area can be divided into two parts, Anticlinal Hill Ranges and Synclinal flat- bottomed valleys. The major hill ranges are Baramura and Atharamura. The trend of the hill ranges is almost N – S. The height of the hill ranges increases from west to east. The broad synclinal valleys are Udaipur and Amarpur. The valleys are gently undulating with intermittent flood plains of rivers and streams. The undulations formed by 10 to 30 m high mounds with gullies in between them, locally called “loonga.”
There are three hydrogeological units / water bearing formations identified in the district are Alluvial Formation, Dupitila Formation and Tipam Formation. The details of the water bearing Formations are as follows: Alluvial Formation: It occurs along the banks of main rivers and its thickness varies from 10 to 15 m. Ground water occurs under unconfined condition. Ground water development in the area has not been very significant because of high clay and sandy clay content. Ground water is developed through dug wells and ordinary hand pumps. Dupitila Formation: The Formation consists of mainly clay and silt with some intercalations of gritty and ferruginous sandstones. It is exposed in the central portion of Udaipur valley. In general, it has low permeability and low storage capacity due to high clay content. It has been developed through dug wells and hand pumps. Tipam Formation: This Formation consists of sub- rounded, fine to medium grained, friable sandstone with intercalated clay. Tipam Formation is found in the majority of the valley portion. Sandstone of Tipam Formation constitutes the principal aquifer in the area. The permeability of this sandstone is much higher than that of Dupitila sandstone or Surma sandstone.
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Stratigraphic Succession:
Group Sub-Group Formation Rock type Recent Recent Unconsolidated silt, and clay with decomposed vegetable (Unconformity) matter and gravels Dupitila Dupitila (Unconformity) Sandy clays, clayey sandstone, ferruginous sandstone with pockets of plastic clay, silica and laterite.
Tipam Tipam Champanagar Sandstone, occasional sandy shale and abundant lumps of fossil wood Manu Bazar Sandstone with laminated layers and lenses of sandy shale, siltstone and mudstone. Surma (Contact Thinly bedded repetition of sandstone, transitional) siltstone/shale, mudstone and ferruginous Bokabil sandstone. Bhuban Hard compact sandstone, olive shale, sandy shale and siltstone repetitions
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Map 8: Geological map of South Tripura District
Source : South Tripura District Profile
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SOUTH TRIPURA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019
LOCAL GEOLOGY:
Regional Lithology of South Tripura:
Group Sub-Group Formation Rock type Unconsolidated silt, and clay with Recent Recent decomposed vegetable matter and (Unconformity) gravels
Sandy clays, clayey sandstone, Dupitila Dupitila ferruginous sandstone with pockets (Unconformity) of plastic clay, silica and laterite.
Sandstone, occasional sandy shale Tipam Tipam Champanagar and abundant lumps of fossil wood Sandstone with laminated layers and Manu Bazar Lenses of sandy shale, siltstone and mudstone.
(Contact Thinly bedded repetition of Surma transitiona l) sandstone, siltstone/shale, mudstone Bokabil and ferruginous sandstone.
Hard compact sandstone, olive shale, Bhuban sandy shale and siltstone repetitions
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SOUTH TRIPURA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019
7. MINERAL WEALTH (based on Geology and available Minerals of Tripura):
The mineral resources of any state provide an avenue for economic development but the process of mining may have extensive impact on land, soil and water resources. The mining projects have as a consequence become a part of development sector requiring environmental clearance under Environmental Protection Act, 1986, EIA Notification 1994. The varied geological base has become host to many important minor minerals and major minerals. The central government of India has declared the following minerals as minor minerals:
Sl.No. Minor Minerals
i) Boulder ii) Shingle iii) Chalcedony pebbles used for ball mill purposes only
iv) Lime shell, kankar and limestone used in kilns for manufacture of lime used as building material
v) Murrum vi) Brick-earth vii) Fuller's earth viii) Bentonite ix) Road metal x) Reh-matti xi) Slate and shale when used for building material xii) Marble xiii) Stone used for making household utensils Quartzite and sandstone when used for purposes of xiv) building or for making road metal and household utensils xv) Saltpetre, and Ordinary earth (Used for filling or leveling purposes in xvi) construction or embankments, roads, railways building) by MoEF 2010 Page | 38 Prepared By: RSP GREEN DEVELOPMENT & LABORATORIES PVT. LTD. QCI- NABET ACCREDITIED EIA CONSULTANT (NABET/EIA/1922/IA0049).
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SOUTH TRIPURA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019
Mineral Resource of Tripura:
Mineral Location Uses Hard Rock Jampui Hills Road metals Sandstone, Gritty Longatari Hill Quartz Limestone Sakhan&Jampui Range Not suitable for Manpui area Cement, Suitable (990,000 t. reserve) For inferior quality of Lime Puzzolana mix. Clay All over the State generally in river Sanitary ware Stone bank deposit wares Sewerage pipes Good clay deposit in West and South Electric insulator region. Total 1.73 million ton deposit in Refractory grade four zone out of six zones* [*Mohanpur-Bamutia- Kamalghat; Bisramganj-Bagma; Champamura- Baldakhal-Jogendranagar; Khowai- Teliamura-Ampi; Shantirbazar- Udaipur;Kumarghat and Baidyathakurpara- Anadanagar- Maheshkhola-Dukli-Sonamura area] Glass Sand Bishramganj (160,000t) Many uses Old Agartala (16,000t) Mineral Location Uses Jogendranagar (3627t) Sekerkota (80,000t) Dasharambari (5330t) Mohanpur (97,875t) Baidyathakurpara- Anadanagar Maheshkhola and Dukli (NA)
Total Reserve 3,62,832 tonnes
[Source: GSI Report 1982, 1999]
Of the total geographical area of Tripura, 76% can be marked as of “Tertiary” origin and 24% belong to Quaternary period; none of these contain any major mineral resource. A GSI Report of 1982 provides a list of Non-metallic and metallic mineral vis-a-vis their location or otherwise in Tripura (Table-14) indicating the poor profile.
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SOUTH TRIPURA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019
Mineral Resource potential in Tripura:
Sl. No. Mineral Status A. Non-metallic 1. Lime stone Commodity not located or absent 2. Dolomite Commodity not located or absent 3. Coal Commodity not located or absent 4. Clay Commodity not located or absent 5. Refractories Commodity not located or absent 6. Glass sand Good reserve, low grade 7. Graphite Commodity not located or absent 8. Fertilizer Commodity not located or absent 9. Gravel sand silt Good reserve, low grade 10. Building stone Commodity not located or absent B. Metallic 11. Ferrous Commodity not located or absent 12. Non-ferrous Commodity not located or absent 13. Noble metals Commodity not located or absent
[Source: GSI Report 1982]
The current production of natural gas is estimated at one million cubic meters per day. The available figure for 1990-91 to 1997-98 shows a fast increasing rate of production from 70 million tonnes per year in 1990-91 to 2.7 x in 8 years reaching 196 million tonnes in 1997-98.
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SOUTH TRIPURA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019
8. GEOMORPHOLOGY: Regional and Local
Geomorphological sculptures of South tripura district are carved by the major fluvial agencies. The drainage pattern of the area is trellis and dendritic to sub-dendritic in nature. Drainage system with description of main rivers or cherras;
Drainage system with description of main rivers or cherras:
S.NO Name of the River or Total Length in the Percentage area drained Stream District (in km) in the district
1 Feni River 86.80 100%
2 Muhuri River 56 100%
3 Manu River 60 100%
4 Lowgang 16 100%
Name of the streams B(a). (Cherra) Manu River Total Length in the District (in km) under Tributary 1. Abhoya Cherra 25
2. Balujuri Cherra 15
3. Mandaria Cherra 15
4. Belonia Cherra 35
5. Manu Cherra 19
6. Magroom Cherra 21
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7. Sabroom Cherra 17.11
8. Chikan Cherra 3.55
9. Kuki Cherra 3.80
10. Rajbura Cherra 2.91
11. Ludhua Cherra 6.46
12. Aliamara Cherra 9.69
13. Chalita Cherra 9.50
14. Sonai Cherra 5
15. Rupai Cherra 3
16. Monu Cherra 49.04
17. Baikhora Cherra 12
18. Betaga Cherra 10
19. Manu Cherra 18
20. Takma Cherra 9
21. Patichari Cherra 5
22. Amchhara Cherra 2
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Salient Features of Important Rivers and Streams/Cherras:
S.NO Name of the River or Total Length in the Place of origin Altitude at Stream District (in Km) Origin (Approx.) 1 Feni River 86.80 South Tripura 10-30m District 2 Muhuri 56 Lushai Hill 2157m of Tripura
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DATA SOURCE: DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK, SOUTH TRIPURA, TRIPURA, LANDSAT SATELLITE IMAGERY, ASTER ELEVATION DATA, 2019
Map 9: Elevation Map of South Tripura District
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SOUTH TRIPURA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019
DATA SOURCE: DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK, SOUTH TRIPURA, TRIPURA, LANDSAT SATELLITE IMAGERY, ASTER ELEVATION DATA, 2019
Map 10: Drainage Network Map of South Tripura District
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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SOUTH TRIPURA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019
9. SOIL TYPES:
'Soil' means the uppermost layer of the earth's crust, which contains the organic as well as mineral matter necessary for the growth of plants. Alluvial Soil and Black Soil are the most important Soils.
The soils of the study area were classified as per USDA Soil Taxonomy into four orders viz. Entisols, Inceptisols, Alfisols and Ultisols as per USDA Soil Taxonomy.
In general, soils of North Tripura district are acidic in nature. The pH of soil ranges from 5.5 to 6 as per Henderson’s equation (pH = -log [H+]).
Compositionally, the soils of Gomati region contain low nitrogen and phosphates. Potash content is of moderate to high; calcium, magnesium and sulphur are deficient in these soils.
Generally, four types of soils occur in Tripura. Out of these four types of soils, Gomati district is characterized by dominant presence of sandy clayey soil and silty clay.
In USDA soil taxonomy, Entisols are defined as soils that do not show any profile development other than an A horizon. An entisol has no diagnostic horizons, and most are basically unaltered from their parent material, which can be unconsolidated sediment or rock.
Inceptisols are a soil order in USDA soil taxonomy. They form quickly through alteration of parent material. They are more developed than Entisols. They have no accumulation of clays, iron oxide, aluminium oxide or organic matter. They have an ochric or umbric horizon and a cambic subsurface horizon.
Alfisols are a soil order in USDA soil taxonomy. Alfisols form in semi-arid to humid areas, typically under a hardwood forest cover. They have a clay-enriched subsoil and relatively high native fertility. "Alf" refers to aluminium (Al) and iron (Fe). Ultisols are similar to Alfisols in having a subhorizon of clay accumulation but have few bases, especially at depth. Most Ultisols are acid, although some may have a high pH in the surface horizons owing to aerosolic additions of carbonate dust. The ideal Ultisol has a subsurface horizon of clay enrichment due to clay translocation from the surface horizons. 10. NATURAL HAZARDS:
Tectonically the entire Tripura region has a closed link with the extended fringe of Arakan-Yoma Belt which is indicative of pervasive nature of natural disaster or any other kind of calamities e.g. earthquake, flood, avalanche and landslides in major scale. Tripura is situated in the earthquake prone zone –V. So, there is a probable chance of feeling the tremor of earthquake activity in any time. Page | 46 Prepared By: RSP GREEN DEVELOPMENT & LABORATORIES PVT. LTD. QCI- NABET ACCREDITIED EIA CONSULTANT (NABET/EIA/1922/IA0049).
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT: SOUTH TRIPURA DISTRICT, TRIPURA 2019
11. MINERAL RESOURCES: Overview of Mineral Resources and details of resources-
The topic has been discussed in Point no. 7 in this DSR.
12. METHODOLOGY OF BRICK EARTH AND ORDINARY EARTH MINING AND GUIDING PRINCIPLES:
Manual open pit mining will be carried out for excavation of brick earth. Depth of the excavation will be limited to 2.0m from surface. 0.2m top soil will be resolved for future use in agricultural purpose. A 7.5m wide strip of land along the periphery (i.e., statutory or berm area) of each plot of land will be left intact for safety of mining operations and saving the nearby agriculture fields from inadvertent encroachment while carrying out mining.
Mining will be carried out during day light hours. Brick earth being soft in nature, requires no drilling and blasting, and therefore no ground vibration will get generate. Depth of the excavation from surface will be limited to 2.0m and this will be in two stage of 0.9m each (First 0.20m will be top soil layer) About 12 to 20 labours will be employed for excavation of brick earth.(Basically it depends upon project capacity) If it exists, the top soil will be scraped and kept separately for future use of restoring the fertility.
13. OVERVIEW OF BRICK EARTH MINING ACTIVITY:
As per attached as Appendix –A to this DSR.
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14. BRICK EARTH MINING: Quantification & Recommendations
Brick earth is excavated by a method of slicing of top soil. Top soil up to 2m are used for making bricks especially for clay bricks in brick industry. Needless to say, profitability of a brick industry is highly dependent on the nature and engineering properties (load bearing strength, porosity, permeability, cohesiveness and sticky property of soil) of availability of sufficient brick earth materials followed by proper accessibility to the area of proposed project site provided that the excavated brick earth materials are to be collected without jeopardizing the stability of environment and ecology i.e., a sustainable development is needed for successful completion of a brick earth mining project. The common fact is that if the number of brick kiln projects is increased, the total economic scenario of the region, in pilot scale, will be changed automatically. So increase the area of mining of brick earth, higher will be the frequencies of bricks from point of view of production. The proper quantification of more and more running brick kiln factory must give an impetuous on the present economy of Tripura ameliorating the standard of living in such way so that most of the people in and around the project site can reach to the acme of progress economically.
Some recommendations are to be followed strictly for proper running of brick kiln project smoothly. The common hydrological regime here also plays a pivotal role and it is defined by the tropical monsoon climate with alternating dry and wet seasons. All the districts of Tripura, in this regard, give a best fit result without showing any pitfalls. The spatiality of rain is also controlled by the orientation of the axis of monsoon trough. In Tripura, due to excessive use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers top soil are damaged and below thin veneer of soil cover (0.2m) activity of brick earth mining is carried out up to a depth of 1.8m. It is an established fact, obtained by field investigation that no land has become barren due to excavation of brick earth in brick sectors rather it has helped agricultural activity to sustain. The brick kiln owners themselves contract with the owners of private lands or holdings to make it better for the farmers to improve their cultivation. There is no harm to environment in exploitation of brick earth or clay from private lands or holdings for moulding of bricks. In case of brick earth mining, feasibility assessment form an essential part of the process of assessing a brick earth mining project. Here geological study is followed by prefeasibility study and feasibility study/ mining report are well defined. The degree of economic viability (economic or sub-economic) is assessed in the course of prefeasibility and feasibility studies. But it is to be kept in mind that a prefeasibility study provides a preliminary assessment will lower level of accuracy than that of feasibility study by which economic viability of brick earth mining is assessed or judged.
Alterations or modifications of the said attributes may cause hazardous impact on ecological equilibrium of riverine regime. Therefore, awareness campaigning is inevitable and should be followed by all to make the environment clean and save the environment eco-friendly.
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15. ORDINARY EARTH MINING: Quantification & Recommendations
By ordinary earth mining, we mean haphazard and disseminated digging out of earth materials which ultimately help to fulfill the desire of domestic purposes or in few cases to make river embankment or filling of low line areas or swampy lands or civil construction purposes. Compared to that of brick earth mining, ordinary earth mining doesn’t bear any cryptic signature to fulfill the economic thirst. But huge mining of ordinary earth at a time will impose an adverse effect upon the environment regionally. So, quantification of ordinary earth mining is to be avoided as per generated situation, just to trigger the brick earth mining activity.
Ordinary earth mining near or adjacent to a river or stream has a direct impact on the stream’s physical characteristic such as channel geometry, bed elevation, substratum composition and stability, in-stream roughness of the bed, flow velocity, discharge capacity, competency of river, water laden sediment transport capacity, turbidity and temperature etc.
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16. ECONOMIC IMPACT OF MINING: Brick Earth and Ordinary Earth Mining
Both brick earth mining and ordinary earth mining are the manifestation of exploitation of minor minerals. The study of cash flow forecast gives positive result in favour of brick earth mining compared to that of ordinary earth mining. A person who has no iota of knowledge about the differences lying between brick earth mining and ordinary earth mining, he never can take a holistic and futuristic strategy to operate brick earth mining/ brick kiln factory. In case of brick earth mining, the applicant is bound to spend some amount of money for the purpose of community service. Although, the figures are tentative and are subjected to generation of profit. About 5% of the annual profit will be made available for CSR. But for ordinary earth mining the picture is different to some extent. Brick earth mining is sanctioned for five (05) years i.e., mine life is taken as five (05) years but ordinary earth mining does not follow any time schedule and it is carried out as per need to solve the imminent problems raised due to natural activities followed by manmade interferences. Brick earth mining’s provision is fixed to a particular land having soils characterized by all the properties which are amenable for bricks making. For brick earth mining a close relation exists amongst site selection, selecting mining method, invested money for the project, written money and demand supply gap. Again in brick earth mining, the land is generally returned to the owner of land; deployed manpower will be reemployed elsewhere; therefore, economic repercussion for closure of mine and manpower retrenchment will have low impact upon this project. Again the abandonment cost will be zero as the mined out pits will be restored for agricultural activity by landlord. These parameters are not valid in case of ordinary earth mining. More money is required for ordinary earth mining as it is carried out to fulfill the objectives of emergency cases. No compatible relation is found to be seen between ordinary earth mining and employment generation. The digging of ordinary earth material provides temporary deployment of labourers for a short span of time.
For progressive advancement of brick earth project, the project proponent initially invests money just to provide the following amenities or facilities:
It generates direct and indirect employment Provides provision for safe drinking water i.e., potable water Safe, healthy and conducive working atmosphere Provisions for first aid Provisions for health check up facility once in a year Haulage road construction as a symbol of connectivity from brick kiln site to other sites No such cost is taken into account for ordinary earth mining. So it is pertinent to say that brick earth mining is of mammoth importance in economy of Tripura state and also to generate revenue for the Govt. of Tripura.
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17. Concluding Remarks:
Mining of minor minerals, though individually, because of smaller size of mine leases is perceived to have lesser impact as compared to mining of major minerals. However, the activity as a whole is seen to have significant adverse impacts on environment. It is, therefore, necessary that the mining of minor minerals is subjected to simpler but strict regulatory regime and carried out only under an approved framework of mining plan, which should provide for reclamation and rehabilitation of the mined out areas. Further, while granting mining leases by the respective State Governments "location of any eco-fragile zone (s) within the impact zone of the proposed mining area, the linked Rules/ Notifications governing such zones and the judicial pronouncements, if any, need be duly noted. The Union Ministry of Mines along with Indian Bureau of Mines and respective State Governments should therefore make necessary provisions in this regard under the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957, Mineral Concession Rules, 1960 and adopt model Guidelines to be followed by all States (emphasis supplied)".
Brick earth mining comes under Category B2. For Category B2 mining, mining area is up to 5 hectares. So the considered area is small and mostly confined to agricultural fields. Mostly local people are employed in this activity. There will be minimum adverse effect of this activity on the drainage system.
A brick is block made of clay burnt in kiln. It is one of the primary building materials known to mankind. Overtime, bricks have appeared, gained prominence, lost importance and then come to the forefront again with various styles of architecture.
Besides to generate a number of direct employments, indirect employment will also be generated in this area by this activity. This is also a source to generate revenue to the Government. It can be concluded from the above facts that the mining of brick earth from this area will not have any adverse impacts but would help in improving the socioeconomic condition of the surrounding villages.
Page | 51 Prepared By: RSP GREEN DEVELOPMENT & LABORATORIES PVT. LTD. QCI- NABET ACCREDITIED EIA CONSULTANT (NABET/EIA/1922/IA0049).
Appendix- A to DSR on Brick Earth mining (Reter: Point No. 13) LIST OF BRICK EARTH/KILN IN SOUTH TRIPURA DISTRICT BLOCK_ID STATE DISTRICT MOUZA PROPONENT BLOCK_NAME LATITUDE LONGITUDE A 23°20'8.20"N 91°23'11.88"E B PASCHIM M/S MAA 23°20'8.21"N 91°23'15.39"E SOUTH RAJESH ROY ST-BR-01 TRIPURA PAPURIAK BRICKS C TRIPURA & ASOK ROY 23°20'1.51"N 91°23'15.68"E HOLA INDUSTRY D 23°20'2.23"N 91°23'12.94"E A 23° 3'37.26"N 91°41'36.65"E B 23° 3'35.92"N 91°41'42.54"E M/S C 23° 3'29.05"N 91°41'38.92"E SOUTH CHHATAK ARJUN BANIK KAIBALLYAN D 23° 3'29.46"N 91°41'35.52"E ST-BR-02 TRIPURA TRIPURA CHHARI & OTHERS ATH BRICKS E 23° 3'28.14"N 91°41'35.39"E INDUSTRIES F 23° 3'28.20"N 91°41'34.56"E G 23° 3'29.11"N 91°41'34.39"E H 23° 3'35.61"N 91°41'37.00"E A 23°17'43.19"N 91°28'53.68"E B 23°17'41.10"N 91°28'57.96"E C 23°17'36.75"N 91°28'56.30"E D 23°17'36.25"N 91°28'55.72"E M/S MAA ABANI E 23°17'37.38"N 91°28'53.82"E SOUTH M.B.C KAMAKHYA ST-BR-03 TRIPURA MOHAN F 23°17'35.44"N 91°28'56.29"E TRIPURA NAGAR BRICKS DEBNATH G 23°17'34.79"N 91°28'55.49"E INDUSTRIES H 23°17'38.95"N 91°28'49.66"E I 23°17'39.52"N 91°28'49.75"E J 23°17'39.49"N 91°28'53.13"E K 23°17'41.51"N 91°28'51.77"E A 23° 3'7.09"N 91°39'19.85"E M/S B BABUL 23° 3'10.36"N 91°39'25.05"E SOUTH GUACHAN BASUDEB ST-BR-04 TRIPURA CHANDRA SOUTH GUACHAN BASUDEB ST-BR-04 TRIPURA CHANDRA C TRIPURA D BRICKS BHOWMIK 23° 3'6.81"N 91°39'25.57"E INDUSTRY D 23° 3'5.72"N 91°39'21.45"E A 23°19'52.05"N 91°22'50.55"E B PASCHIM SOUTH JOYANTA M/S K.B.C 23°19'54.12"N 91°22'59.00"E ST-BR-05 TRIPURA PAPURIAK TRIPURA SAHA INDUSTRIES C HOLA 23°19'51.31"N 91°22'59.45"E D 23°19'49.08"N 91°22'50.93"E A 23°19'51.52"N 91°22'44.31"E M/S B PASCHIM KINSOK ROY 23°19'53.16"N 91°22'48.20"E SOUTH KALIMAA ST-BR-06 TRIPURA PAPURIAK & KISHORE C TRIPURA BRICKS HOLA ROY 23°19'49.78"N 91°22'47.93"E INDUSTRY D 23°19'48.61"N 91°22'44.05"E
A 23°23'57.61"N 91°35'3.97"E B 23°23'54.39"N 91°35'3.60"E Smt. M/S NABIN SOUTH UTTAR C ST-BR-07 TRIPURA MANISHA BRICKS 23°23'53.86"N 91°34'59.92"E TRIPURA DEBIPUR GURUNG INDUSTRIES D 23°23'54.12"N 91°34'58.06"E E 23°23'55.35"N 91°34'57.78"E F 23°23'57.21"N 91°35'0.17"E
A 23°16'17.63"N 91°33'51.86"E M/S SWAPAN SOUTH WEST RAMTHAKUR B ST-BR-08 TRIPURA MUNSHI & 23°16'17.02"N 91°33'56.89"E TRIPURA CHARAKBAI BRICKS OTHERS INDUSTRY C 23°16'13.53"N 91°33'55.77"E D 23°16'13.85"N 91°33'52.11"E A 23°14'3.57"N 91°30'12.92"E NORTH M/S JOY RAM B SOUTH SWAPAN 23°14'3.87"N 91°30'15.83"E ST-BR-09 TRIPURA SONAICHA BRICKS TRIPURA MUNSHI RI INDUSTRIES C 23°14'1.41"N 91°30'16.06"E
D 23°14'1.02"N 91°30'13.18"E A 23°13'37.85"N 91°32'50.29"E B M/S 23°13'36.86"N 91°32'52.35"E SOUTH CHIRABRATA ST-BR-10 TRIPURA TUIGAMARI TRIPURESWARI C TRIPURA BASU 23°13'28.86"N 91°32'55.16"E BRICK FIELD D 23°13'28.65"N 91°32'53.92"E E 23°13'32.13"N 91°32'47.71"E
A 23°17'54.94"N 91°29'13.16"E
B 23°17'54.83"N 91°29'14.16"E
M/S C 23°17'52.65"N 91°29'13.45"E SOUTH M.B.C SWAPAN BASUNDHARA ST-BR-11 TRIPURA TRIPURA NAGAR DATTA BRICK INDUSTRY D 23°17'51.45"N 91°29'10.36"E
E 23°17'52.51"N 91°29'9.81"E
F 23°17'53.85"N 91°29'13.00"E
A 23°18'0.04"N 91°28'55.61"E
B 23°17'57.09"N 91°29'1.28"E M/S KALIMATA SOUTH M.B.C SATYENDRA ST-BR-12 TRIPURA BRICKS C 23°17'56.38"N 91°29'1.77"E TRIPURA NAGAR KUMAR DAS INDUSTRY D 23°17'55.86"N 91°29'0.77"E E 23°17'59.07"N 91°28'55.06"E
A 23°17'28.53"N 91°28'48.56"E M/S DURGA B 23°17'28.89"N 91°28'50.55"E SOUTH M.B.C KANU LAL ST-BR-13 TRIPURA BRICKS C 23°17'27.16"N 91°28'51.32"E TRIPURA NAGAR SAHA INDUSTRY D 23°17'26.99"N 91°28'50.72"E E 23°17'27.50"N 91°28'49.22"E
A 23°17'50.22"N 91°28'43.64"E
B 23°17'50.15"N 91°28'44.91"E M/S MAAKALI SOUTH M.B.C BABUL ST-BR-14 TRIPURA BRICKS C 23°17'48.06"N 91°28'48.97"E TRIPURA NAGAR MAJUMDER INDUSTRY D 23°17'47.56"N 91°28'48.90"E
E 23°17'47.99"N 91°28'44.21"E
A 23° 1'35.36"N 91°40'27.80"E
B 23° 1'35.28"N 91°40'31.18"E
M/S JAHARLAL C 23° 1'30.22"N 91°40'30.42"E SOUTH RAMTHAKUR ST-BR-15 TRIPURA HARINA SARKAR & TRIPURA BRICKS OTHERS CONTRUCTION D 23° 1'30.65"N 91°40'28.96"E E 23° 1'33.27"N 91°40'29.55"E
F 23° 1'33.57"N 91°40'27.73"E
A 23°14'27.76"N 91°41'39.32"E
B 23°14'28.44"N 91°41'45.88"E M/S M/S SOUTH BIRENDRA SAMBHU RAMTHAKUR ST-BR-16 TRIPURA C 23°14'20.25"N 91°41'46.79"E TRIPURA NAGAR CHANDRA ROY BRICKS CONTRUCTION D 23°14'18.90"N 91°41'45.35"E
E 23°14'21.68"N 91°41'41.96"E
A 23°20'2.81"N 91°29'40.02"E
M/S KRISHNA B 23°20'1.50"N 91°29'42.10"E SOUTH JIBAN ST-BR-17 TRIPURA RAJAPUR BRICKS TRIPURA KRISHNA SEN INDUSTRY C 23°19'58.98"N 91°29'40.80"E
D 23°19'59.48"N 91°29'39.27"E
A 23°18'37.76"N 91°29'2.69"E
B 23°18'35.47"N 91°29'8.72"E
M/S C 23°18'31.58"N 91°29'5.93"E SOUTH M.B.C ANUPBANDHU MATANGINI ST-BR-18 TRIPURA TRIPURA NAGAR MALLIK BRICKS INDUSTRY D 23°18'32.73"N 91°29'3.59"E
E 23°18'34.96"N 91°29'1.28"E
F 23°18'35.79"N 91°29'1.30"E
A 23° 6'52.42"N 91°32'22.31"E
B 23° 6'52.49"N 91°32'25.92"E
M/S MAA SOUTH SAMAR KANTI C 23° 6'50.18"N 91°32'26.16"E ST-BR-19 TRIPURA HARIPUR BRICKS TRIPURA CHAKRABORTY TRIPURA TRIPURA CHAKRABORTY INDUSTRY D 23° 6'48.74"N 91°32'24.56"E
E 23° 6'48.19"N 91°32'22.65"E
F 23° 6'49.95"N 91°32'22.63"E
A 23°15'48.62"N 91°31'20.55"E
B 23°15'47.79"N 91°31'27.84"E M/S LOKNATH SOUTH SAMPA SAHA C 23°15'45.75"N 91°31'26.91"E ST-BR-20 TRIPURA KALABARIA BRICKS TRIPURA SEN INDUSTRIES D 23°15'46.00"N 91°31'25.38"E
E 23°15'47.79"N 91°31'22.18"E F 23°15'47.88"N 91°31'20.67"E
A 23°13'40.25"N 91°32'43.62"E
B 23°13'39.68"N 91°32'48.67"E
M/S SHIB C 23°13'37.76"N 91°32'47.66"E SOUTH MAHESH ST-BR-21 TRIPURA RATANPUR BRICKS TRIPURA SARKAR INDUSTRY D 23°13'37.30"N 91°32'46.73"E
E 23°13'35.69"N 91°32'46.09"E
F 23°13'36.46"N 91°32'45.16"E