Annual Report: 2017-18
ANNUAL REPORT 2017-18
BRAHMAPUTRA BOARD
BASISTHA, GUWAHATI
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ANNUAL REPORT OF BRAHMAPUTRA BOARDFOR THE YEAR 2017-18 CONTENT
Chapter – I General Page No 1.1 Brahmaputra Valley and its flood problems; establishment of Board’s 89-97 office, giving th e list of the members of the Board, number of Board’s meetings held and organisational set-up of the Board 1.2 Establishment of Brahmaputra Board and its Functions 97-98 1.3 High Powered Review Board Meeting 98 1.4 Meetings of Brahmaputra Board 99 1.5 Standing Committee of Brahmaputra Board 99 1.6 Meeting of Advisory Committee of NEHARI 99 1.7 Organizational set up of Brahmaputra Board 99 Chapter -II General Review 2.1 Administration and Organization 108 2.2 Finance, Accounts and Audit 108 2.3 Review in progress of works during 2017-18 109-112 Chapter -III Review of progress in preparation of Master Plan; Survey and Investigation; execution, maintenance and operation of multipurpose dams and other works; drawing up of standards and specific ations for construction, operation and maintenance of dams; phased programme for construction by State Governments of all dams and other projects/ schemes incorporated in Master Plan 3.1 Progress of Survey and Investigation and Preparation of Master Plan s, 113 Detailed Project Reports (DPR) for Drainage Development Schemes and DPRs of Multi-Purpose Projects 3.1.1 Preparation of Master Plan 113-114 3.1.2 Current assignment for preparation of Master Plan 114 3.2 Drainage Development Schemes (DDS) 114-118 3.3 Survey and Investigation of Water Resources Projects 118-121 3.4 Construction Activities 122 3.4.1 Pagladiya Dam Project 122 3.4.2 Construction of Raised Platforms 122-123 3.4.3 North Eastern Hydraulic & Allied Research Institute 123-124 3.5 Flood Management and Anti -erosion Schemes(Implementation of 124 Anti-erosion measures) 3.5.1 Anti-erosion measures completed 124 3.5.2. Implementation of Anti-erosion measures underway 125-129 3.6 Monitoring of Schemes under Flood Management Programme of 129-130 Government of India 3.7 Review of the Brahmaputra Board Act ,1980 130 Chapter -IV Non -field Activities of the Brahmaputra Board during the year 2017-18 4.1 Complaint Committee on Sexual Harassment and Gender Justice 131 4.2 Vigilance and Disciplinary cases 131 4.3 Participation in Seminar/ Symposium/ Workshop / Training 132 4.4 Progressive use of Hindi 132-133 4.5 Formulation of Citizen’s Charter 134 4.6 Implementation of Right to Information Act-2005 (RTI) 134 4.7 Observance of Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan 134
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Chapter -V Activities on Persons with Disabilities 5.1 Implementation of various provisions of persons with disabilities 137 5.2 The details of sanctioned posts and the number of persons with 137 disabilities in various posts in group ‘A’, ‘B’, and ‘C’ against 3% vacancies Chapter - VI Important Meetings during the year 201 7-18 6.1 .1 Meeting of High Powered Review Board of Brahmaputra Board 138 6. 1.2 Brahmaputra Board Meetings 138-140 6. 1.3 Standing Committee of Brahmaputra Board Meetings 140 6. 2 Important meetings/events attended by Chairman/Vice-Chairman, 141 Brahmaputra Board during the year 2017-8 Chapter - VII Annual Accounts and Audit by C&AG Office 7.1 Statement of Accounts 142-164 7.2 Significant Accounting Policies and Notes on Accounts 165-167
7.3 Separate Audit Report on the Accounts of the Brahmaputra Board for 168-172 the year 2017-18 7.4 Balance Sheet of Brahmaputra Board Contributory Provident Fund 173-175 Trust
LIST OF ANNEXURES
Annexure Title Page No. No.
I Composition of the Brahmaputra Board 176-177 II Composition of the High Powered Review Board 178 III Organizational Chart of Brahmaputra Board 179 IV Statement of Regular Sanctioned Strength and numbers of 180-181 Officers/Staff in position along with the status of SC, ST, OBC and PH as on 31.03.2018 V List of Officer and Staff undergone 182-184 Training/Seminar/Workshop during 2017-18 VI List of Officers on deputation to other organization 185 VII RTI Annual Return Information System for the year 2017-18 186 VIII Status of Master Plans 187 IX Status of Drainage Development Schemes 188 X Status of Multipurpose Projects 189
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LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS AND PLATES
Sl. No. Description Page No
1 Jurisdiction Map of Brahmaputra Board 100
Bank pitching works by geobags- protection of Masalabari International boarder (Dhubri, Assam) 2 101 Retirement bund - protection of Mankachar, Kalair-alga scheme
rd th 63 Special meeting of Brahmaputra Board held on 11 April, 2017 at Guwahati 3 102 Release of Study Report 1 D model for ‘ Beta-Test’ on by IIT-Guwahati at Kaziranga by Hon’ble Union Minister of WR,RD&GR on 30.12.2017
4 Execution of Jengrai DDS, Majuli (24.03.2018) 103
64 th meeting of Brahmaputra Board held on 29.06.2017 at HQ of Brahmaputra Board 5 104
65 th Meeting of Brahmaputra Board held on 26.12.2017(adjourned)
Laying of RCC Porcupines at Majuli Island (16.03.2018) 6 105 Casting of RCC Porcupine at Neematighat (Jorhat) on 28.02.2018
1st Official Language Conference at Guwahati organized by Brahmaputra Board on 07.11.2017 7 106
Opening ceremony of Vigilance awareness week 2017
8 Spur No. 2 completed during 2017-18 at Majuli 107
9 Observation of Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan 135-136
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GLOSSARY FOR ABBREVIATIONS AND UNITS ABBREVIATIONS
CWC Central Water Commission DPR Detailed Project Report DDS Drainage Development Scheme IMD India Meteorological Department GoI Government of India MoWR,RD&GR Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation SFC Standing Finance Committee EFC Expenditure Finance Committee NHPC National Hydroelectric Power Corporation NEEPCO North Eastern Electric Power Corporation EIA Environmental Impact Assessment R&R Rehabilitation & Resettlement EMP Environmental Management Plan MPP Multipurpose Project CEA Central Electricity Authority SoI Survey of India NOC No Objection Certificate GSI Geological Survey of India NE North Eastern NER North Eastern Region NEC North Eastern Council NEHARI North Eastern Hydraulic & Allied Research Institute CWPRS Central Water & Power Research Station CSMRS Central Soil & Material Research Station NH National Highway BTC Bodoland Territorial Council B & B Brahmaputra & Barak PAFs Project Affected Families PAP Project Affected People PH Physically Handicapped SC Scheduled Caste ST Scheduled Tribe
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UNITS
Cumec Cubic Meter per Second Cusec Cubic Feet per Second ha Hectare MW Mega Watt m Metre sqkm Square Kilometre ham Hectare metre km Kilometer Rs. Rupees Rupees ft. Feet Cu.m Cubic Meter M. ha Million Hectares BCM Billion Cubic Meter
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Chapter– I
General:
Brahmaputra Valley and its flood problems; establishment of Board’s office, giving the list of the members of the Board, number of Board’s meetings held and organisational set-up of the Board
1.1 Brahmaputra and Barak Valleys and the Rivers of Tripura
1.1.1 Brahmaputra Valley and its flood problems
Brahmaputra, a trans-boundary river is one of the mightiest rivers of Asia. River Brahmaputra is called Yarlung Tsangpo in Tibet. It emerges from Angsi Glacier, on the northern side of the Himalayas in Burang County in southwestern part of Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) at an altitude of 4877 m. It flows through southern Tibet in easterly direction for a considerable length, at an average height of 4000 m. At its easternmost point of the reach, the river bends around Mount Namcha Barwa and forms the Yarlung Tsangpo Canyon to enter India at Geling (near Tuting). The river then flows down along the Himalayan foothills for 278 km to enter plains of Assam. Here, the river is joined by 2 large rivers, Viz Dibang and Lohit at Kobo to form Brahmaputra. The total length of the river from its source to outfall at Bay of Bengal is 2906 km, 1625 km in Tibet Autonomous Region, 918 km in India (278 km in Arunachal Pradesh and 640 km in Assam) and 363 km in Bangladesh. The river drains an area of 5,80,000 sq km. An area of 293,000 sq km(50.51%) in Tibet (China), 45,000 sq km(7.75%) in Bhutan, 194,413 sq km (33.52%) in India and 47,000 sq km(8.1%) in Bangladesh.
Its basin in India is shared by six states namely, Arunachal Pradesh (41.88%), Assam (36.33%), Nagaland (5.57%), Meghalaya (6.10%), Sikkim (3.75%) and West Bengal (6.47%). Fig 1 shows rivers in the Brahmaputra Basin. The Brahmaputra is the 3rd largest river in the world in terms of its annual discharge and carries highest silt load amongst rivers of its size.
The Brahmaputra River, termed a moving ocean, is an antecedent snow fed river which flows across the rising young Himalayan Range. Geologically, the Brahmaputra is the youngest of the major rivers of the world. In the course of 2906 km journey, the
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Brahmaputra receives as many as 22 major tributaries in Tibet, 33 in India and 3 in Bangladesh.
Fig 1: Brahmaputra River Basin
During its course from Kobo to Dhubri in Assam, about 26 important tributaries on its north bank and about 13 on south bank join the river. Some of the north bank tributaries originate from snow clad Himalayas and others from the lower Himalayas. The total annual flow of the river is about (Avg: 615 BCM/year) BCM at Jogighopa, which is 29% of the total surface flow of the country. Average width of the Brahmaputra Valley is 80 km, out of which the river itself occupies about 6 km to 10 km.
The river is braided and unstable in its entire reach in Assam except for a few locations. The instability of the river is attributed to high sediment charge, steep slope and transverse gradient. Apart from these, the entire area is in a seismic zone and quite often receives earthquake shocks of moderate to severe intensity. The problem further gets aggravated due to landslides caused by high rainfall. Some manmade avoidable actions in the form of shifting cultivation and non-scientific commercial exploitation of forest, etc. have also accelerated the process of soil erosion in the catchments. The silt brought in due to erosion in the hill catchment gets deposited as it enters into the plains of Brahmaputra Valley due to sudden reduction in slope with the consequent reduction in the flow velocity and sediment carrying capacity. Due to heavy deposition of silt, the river frequently changes its course on its way. Excessive silt deposition has also given rise to braiding and meandering pattern in the alignment of the river system. ‘Majuli Island’, the largest inhabited river island is located in the Brahmaputra in upper Assam.
The left bank tributaries of the river Brahmaputra originating from older geological regions of Arakan hill and Khasi hills with flatter slopes, are more stable as they carry less sediment of finer size. By hypsometric analysis of the tributaries, it is seen that the
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North bank tributaries indicate relatively young stage while the South bank tributaries indicate a mature stage. This has given rise to inherent tendency of river Brahmaputra to shift its course towards south and the river flows by the side of hills at many plac es along its left bank.
The floods in Brahmaputra Valley is a recurring phenomenon and has been causing large scale devastations every year. The reasons for floods can be summarized as below:
(a) Physiographic condition: The 650 km long Brahmaputra valley in Assam is only about 80-90 km and confined between hills. Out of the total width, the river itself occupies 6-10 km , and f orest covers a few km of the valley width mostly along the foothills. Tea gardens in certain portions of the valley occupy much of the high land. Only the balance area of the valley is inhabited where cultivation is done mostly in low lying fields. This adverse topographical feature and settlement of populace in the vulnerable regions is a major cause for frequent and damaging floods in the valley.
Fig 2 : physiographic condition of the valley
2 Meteorological situation: Area under Brahmaputra basin in North East region receives very high annual rainfall ranging from 248 cm to 635, concentrated largely during 5 rainy months and to a lesser extent, in the 3 pre-monsoon months. Intensity of rainfall is also quite high. Rainfall of more than 40mm in an hour is frequent in the valley and rainfall around 70 mm per hour is also not uncommon. As high as 500mm of rainfall in a day, has been recorded at several locations. Overall, meteorological conditions favour heavy flooding in the valley. Fig. 3 shows the annual rainfall of the Brahmaputra basin in India.
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Fig. 3 (c) Topographic conditions: The narrow valley of Assam is surrounded by hills. The main stem of Brahmaputra (Siang) and most tributaries joining it in the valley have high gradient in these hills. Whenever there is heavy rainfall in the hills, huge quantities of rain water comes down as runoff to the valley within a short duration due to steep gradients. As Brahmaputra and these tributaries have flat gradients in the valley, this water cannot be carried forward immediately. To accommodate itself, the excess water swells and spreads out overflowing riverbanks and causing floods.
(d) Earthquake and landslides: The NE region is highly seismic and geologically unstable. As a consequent of these earthquakes, debris and loose earth from the landslides roll down are washed away by the mountain streams. These are deposited in the river beds of the valley thus aggrading it. This results in the reduction of the carrying capacity of Brahmaputra in the subsequent years after a major earthquake thereby accentuating floods and erosion problem in the valley.
(e) Encroachment of floodplains: In 1940-41, the population density of Brahmaputra valley was quite low ranging from 9 to 29 person/sq km in different districts of Assam. As per present trend, population density is 200 person/sq km in the plain areas of Assam. It has led to increased pressure on the limited land resource of the valley, encroachment of floodplains and thereby accentuating the flood problem in the valley.
(f) Embankment Breaches: Undoubtedly, embankments have provided reasonable protection against floods since their construction. However, many of the embankments are more than four decades old. Maintenance deficit and subsequent higher levels of floods combined with river bed aggradations has led to breaches of these embankments causing floods and inundation in protected areas. Main causes of Erosion in the Brahmaputra Basin Similar to floods, erosion is an equally, if not more, serious problem. Erosion causes permanent loss of land to the valley’s agro-based people, turning them into paupers. A bank line study of the Brahmaputra River carried out with satellite imagery from 1988
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to 2015 reveals that there has been a total erosion of 798 sq km against total deposition of only 208 sq km during this period. Even this deposited land doesn’t have immediate value as the same can be utilized for agricultural purpose only after the formation of the top soil, which generally takes several years. Study done in the Master Plan of main stem of Brahmaputra also reveals that the average erosion between the years 1954 to 1969 has been about 80.51 sq km with 6000 families losing their land annually.
In fact, floods and erosion are interrelated. Floods are intricately linked to causes of erosion whereas erosion leads to floods in many cases. The extent of loss due to erosion in the valley varies from year to year depending on the severity of floods.
However, the main reason for erosion by Brahmaputra is that it is an extremely braided river. The characteristic features of a braided river configuration such as Brahmaputra are a wide channel, unstable and poorly defined banks and shallow water. The watercourse consists of a number of entwined channels, divided by islands, which meet, cross and separate again. During floods, the channels are combined, most of the sand bars get submerged and the river appears to be a wide straight unbroken channel.
The main causes which seem to bring about braiding of the Brahmaputra river are:
a. Steep slopes b. An abundant bed load c. Erodible banks and d. A highly variable discharge.
It was concluded in the Study in the Master Plan concluded main stem Master Plan that erosion was 1927 sq km and that from 1923 and 1954, deposition was 334 sq km between erosion has happened in 230 Km reach of the Brahmaputra Recent Study of satellite imagery by Board reveals erosion was 739 sq km and deposition was 209 sq km from 1988 to 2016
A Study by IITG shows that erosion from 1970s to 1990 in North Bank is 543.72 km 2&South bank is 744.06 km 2. Deposition during this period was 30.84 km 2 in North Bank and 87.56 km 2 south bank
Results of various studies on Erosion in Brahmaputra
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900.0 800.0 Trend Analysis 700.0
) Deposition
2 600.0 500.0 400.0
Area (Km Area 300.0 200.0 100.0 0.0
Period PERIOD WISE EROSION & DEPOSITION FOR BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER
Crops grown in the Brahmaputra Valley are paddy, jute, mustard, pulses, wheat and sugarcane. Paddy and jute are mainly grown and harvested during monsoon period. Out of four types of paddy crops viz. the Ahu, Sali, Bao and Boro, which constitute about 92% of the cropped area, the first two namely Ahu and Sali are generally affected by floods. The maximum area affected due to floods in the Brahmaputra Valley (including Barak) during the period 1953-2011 was approximately 6.05 M.ha (Arunachal Pradesh 2010 - 0.3M.ha, Assam1988 - 3.82 M.ha, Manipur 1987- 0.116 M.ha, Meghalaya 1987 - 0.095 M.ha, Mizoram 1993 - 0.541 M.ha, Nagaland 1993 - 0.009 M.ha, Tripura 1963 - 0.33 M.ha and Sikkim 2000 -1.17 M.ha)(Source- CWC report November 2012). The flood damage includes crop damage and the permanent loss of land due to erosion. A number of lives are also lost during each flood.
The flood and river management measures adopted so far in the valley are area specific and mostly of short term structural measures such as construction of embankments, permeable and impermeable spurs, revetments etc. The poor maintenance of the flood management structures generally causes unexpected miseries to the people in case of their failure. The efficacy of these measures especially in the river system of Brahmaputra, which is highly aggrading/ degrading in different reaches, is also debatable. As such, there is a need for constructing storage reservoirs in combination with other structural/ non-structural measures after studying the river behavior using scientific tools.
For management of floods, erosion control and improvement of drainage congestion, Brahmaputra Board has prepared Master Plans of the Brahmaputra main stem and its 39 tributaries and for Majuli Island. There is also a need to implement the various recommendations made in the Master Plans of Brahmaputra sub-basin prepared by Brahmaputra Board. The regional Task Force “B” for flood management in N.E. Region has also submitted its report to the MoWR, RD&GR, which should be taken into consideration for early implementation in a time bound manner.
1.1.2 Barak Valley
The river Barak is a part of the Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghna system and is the second largest river of the N.E. Region having eight major tributaries. It originates from a hill east of Mouthana at an elevation of about 2840 m in the southern slopes of Nagaland/Manipur. The Barail, Patkai and Lushai hills bound the sub-basin on its three sides. Total catchment area of the Barak sub-basin up to Indo-Bangladesh border is 41,704 sq km out of which 751 sq km lies in Myanmar. The annual flow from Indian catchment is 29.6 BCM at Badarpurghat. The length of the river from its source up-to Bhanga in Karimganj district is 532 km after which the Barak bifurcates into two
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branches known as the Surma and the Kushiara. These two branches enter Bangladesh and again join to form a single river channel and flow up to Bhairab Bazar where it meets with Meghna in Bangladesh.
The river Barak is joined by a number of hill streams on both its banks. Flood occurs frequently in this valley causing extensive damage to lives and properties. In order to manage the problem of flood, erosion and drainage congestion, various measures have been taken from time to time by way of construction of embankments, bank protection and drainage improvement works etc. These measures have provided adequate protection to the people of the valley against low and medium floods. However, in case of high floods, embankments are not able to withstand heavy pressure, consequently number of breaches occur which cause devastating floods in the valley. In order to deal with the problems of flood, bank erosion and drainage congestion, the Brahmaputra Board has prepared Master Plans for the Barak sub- basin and Dhaleswari, one of the major tributaries of Barak.
1.1.3 Rivers of Tripura
There are ten important rivers in Tripura, namely Longai, Juri, Deo, Manu, Dhalai, Khowai, Haroa, Gumti, Muhuri and Fenni. These rivers causing frequent flood in the State. Based on investigation and data collected from state Government and various other Central Agencies, the Brahmaputra Board has prepared Master Plans for all these rivers and these have been approved by the Central Government. The Master Plans envisage various structural and non-structural measures to tackle flood, erosion and drainage congestion problems. The Feni flows through the “No man’s land” of Indo-Bangla border and its right bank falls in India. The Master Plan of Feni River is taken up for survey and investigation preparation. Feni river, being the International
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Boundary, there are some difficulties in carrying out ‘Survey & Investigation’ works on account of which preparation of Master Plan is time-consuming.