Tehran – Qazvin - Zanjan -Tehran
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The Role of Climate and Culture on the Formation of Courtyards in Mosques Hossein Soltanzadeh* Associate Professor of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tehran Central Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Received: 23/05/2015; Accepted: 30/06/2015 Abstract The process regarding the formation of different mosque gardens and the elements that contribute to the respective process is the from the foci point of this paper. The significance of the topic lies in the fact that certain scholars have associated the courtyard in mosques with the concept of garden, and have not taken into account the elements that contribute to the development of various types of mosque courtyards. The theoretical findings of the research indicate that the conditions and instructions regarding the Jemaah [collective] prayers on one hand and the notion of exterior performance of the worshiping rites as a recommended religious precept paired with the cultural, environmental and natural factors on the other hand have had their share of founding the courtyards. This study employs the historical analytical approach since the samples are not contemporary. The dependant variables are culture and climate while the form of courtyard in the jame [congregational] mosque is the dependent variable. The statistical population includes the jame mosques from all over the Islamic world and the samples are picked selectively from among the population. The findings have demonstrated that the presence of courtyard is in part due to the nature of the prayers that are recommended to say in an open air, and in part because this is also favoured by the weather in most instances and on most days. -
The Quality of Light-Openings in the Iranian Brick Domes
31394 Soha Matoor et al./ Elixir His. Preser. 80 (2015) 31394-31401 Available online at www.elixirpublishers.com (Elixir International Journal) Historic Preservation Elixir His. Preser. 80 (2015) 31394-31401 The Quality of Light-Openings in the Iranian Brick Domes (with the Structural Approach) Soha Matoor, Amene Doroodgar and Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad Faculty of Arts and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Paying attention to light is considered as one of the most prominent features of Iranian Received: 26 October 2014; traditional architecture, which influenced most of its structural and conceptual patterns. The Received in revised form: construction of light-openings in the buildings such as masjids, bazaars, madrasas, and 28 February 2015; caravanserais, as the Iranian outstanding monuments, proves the point. The Iranian master- Accepted: 26 March 2015; mimars’ strategies to create the light-openings in the domes has been taken into consideration through this study. To this end, the light-openings’ exact location, according to Keywords the domes’ structural properties have been taken into analysis. Next, based on the foursome The light, classification of the domes, the research theoretical framework has been determined, and The light-opening, through applying the case-study and the combined research methods, the case-studies have The Iranian brick dome, been studied meticulously. According to the achieved results, the light-openings of the The dome’s structure. Iranian brick domes have been located at four distinguished areas, including: 1- the dome’s top, 2- the dome’s curve, 3- the dome’s shekargah and 4- the dome’s drum. -
"An Archaeological Study on the Tokens of Tepe Zagheh, Qazvin Plain, Iran"
"An Archaeological Study on the Tokens of Tepe Zagheh, Qazvin Plain, Iran" Authors: Niloufar Moghimi* and Hassan Fazeli Nashli ** * PhD Candidate in Prehistoric Archaeology, Department of Archaeology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran (email: [email protected]) ** Associate Professor, Department of Archaeology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran (email: [email protected]) Abstract The study of the circumstances surrounding the development of record-keeping for information purposes, and of what these records looked like, in prehistoric human societies has always had significance in archaeological research. Such research is important because it relates to the beginnings of the use of accounting and reckoning systems, which came to be one of the principal elements of institutionalized management and bureaucracies under urbanization and in historical periods. Tepe Zagheh is one of the key sites of the transitional period from Neolithic to Chalcolithic in the Qazvin Plain, having provided a considerable collection of tokens (counting objects) in addition to the various other pieces of cultural evidence that were discovered in the excavations carried out there. Thus 238 Zagheh tokens were available for typological study and theoretical analysis. The principal goals of this paper are to re-identify accounting and reckoning systems in Tepe Zagheh and to identify the evolutionary stages of these systems in Zagheh. It is apparent from implemented studies that Zagheh society had an early form of accounting system for keeping track of farm products and of animal counts, and that tokens were the principal devices used in this process. Keywords: Iran, Qazvin plain, Tepe Zagheh, Accounting system, Reckoning system, Counting objects / Tokens, Transitional period from Neolithic to Chalcolithic. -
An Investigation Into Eco-Tourism Potential of the Alamut Region of Iran Using SWOT Analysis Model
ECOLOGIA BALKANICA 2012, Vol. 4, Issue 1 June 2012 pp. 9-20 An Investigation into Eco-tourism Potential of the Alamut Region of Iran using SWOT Analysis Model Keivan Saeb¹*, Razieh Jafari Hajati ², Shiva Rezai³ 1 - Department of Environment, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, IRAN 2 - Young Researchers Club of the Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, IRAN 3- Islamic Azad University, Tehran Science and Research Center, IRAN Corresponding author: [email protected]٭ Abstract. The present research examines the potentials and limitations of tourism in the Alamut region, offering suggestions and strategies for the promotion of tourism in this region. Research methodology adopted in this study is based on analytical-descriptive approach. To formulate and establish a sound research theoretical framework as well as to review the research literature, a questionnaire tooling method was used and the results were analyzed using the SWOT technique. While introducing the tourist attraction in the province, the influential factors in the region categorized into the four headings of: strengths; weaknesses; opportunities and threats were included in our considerations and strategies or guidelines for a sustained tourism development in the region provided. The research findings, taking into consideration the present status of the Alamut region, indicate that despite the fact that the region houses a great number of ancient sites and monuments and enjoys a high level of bio-diversity resources, making it the ideal candidate to be transformed into an exemplary tourist attraction pole, it is faced with major obstacles to reach this goal. In order to remove some of the problems of the region, strategic factors were analyzed and priorities delineated. -
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IN THE NAME OF GOD IRAN NAMA RAILWAY TOURISM GUIDE OF IRAN List of Content Preamble ....................................................................... 6 History ............................................................................. 7 Tehran Station ................................................................ 8 Tehran - Mashhad Route .............................................. 12 IRAN NRAILWAYAMA TOURISM GUIDE OF IRAN Tehran - Jolfa Route ..................................................... 32 Collection and Edition: Public Relations (RAI) Tourism Content Collection: Abdollah Abbaszadeh Design and Graphics: Reza Hozzar Moghaddam Photos: Siamak Iman Pour, Benyamin Tehran - Bandarabbas Route 48 Khodadadi, Hatef Homaei, Saeed Mahmoodi Aznaveh, javad Najaf ...................................... Alizadeh, Caspian Makak, Ocean Zakarian, Davood Vakilzadeh, Arash Simaei, Abbas Jafari, Mohammadreza Baharnaz, Homayoun Amir yeganeh, Kianush Jafari Producer: Public Relations (RAI) Tehran - Goragn Route 64 Translation: Seyed Ebrahim Fazli Zenooz - ................................................ International Affairs Bureau (RAI) Address: Public Relations, Central Building of Railways, Africa Blvd., Argentina Sq., Tehran- Iran. www.rai.ir Tehran - Shiraz Route................................................... 80 First Edition January 2016 All rights reserved. Tehran - Khorramshahr Route .................................... 96 Tehran - Kerman Route .............................................114 Islamic Republic of Iran The Railways -
Recognition of Light-Openings in Iranian Mosques' Domes with Reference to Climatic Properties
International Journal of Architectural Engineering & Urban Planning Recognition of light-openings in Iranian mosques’ domes With reference to climatic properties Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad1,*, Soha Matoor2, Amene Doroodgar3 Received:June 2011, Accepted: November 2011 Abstract Mosque architecture is considered as a potent visual symbol of the Islamic architects’ design ability. Prayer-hall as the manifestation of equality between the believers and the unity of architectural space has challenged such an ability throughout the history. This study, considering the characteristics of light-openings in the domes of Iranian mosques’ Prayer-hall, aims to investigate these domes’ possible relationship with the climatic features of each mosque. To this end, eighteen case-studies according to the research analytic approach are studied to determine: 1. the relationship between the mosques construction period (Iranian architecture styles) and its light-openings number on the one hand and its climatic features on the other hand, 2. The relationship between the light-openings’ location and the climatic features of each mosque, 3. The relationship between the light- openings’ number and the climatic feature of each mosque and finally, 4. The relationship between the prayer-hall’s height and the number of light openings of each mosque on the one hand and its climatic feature on the other hand. The study shows that Iranian architects have given considerable priority to the natural ventilation function of the light-openings, So, what used to be considered as the domes' main function, allowing the light to the interior space, is considered as their secondary function. Keywords: Light-opening, Light, Natural ventilation, Hot-dry climate, Cold climate, Mosque prayer-hall 1. -
Flight from Your Home Country to Tehran Capital of IRAN We Prepare
Day 1: Flight from your home country to Tehran capital of IRAN We prepare ourselves for a fabulous trip to Great Persia. Arrival to Tehran, after custom formality, meet and assist at airport and transfer to the Hotel. Day 2: Tehran After breakfast in hotel, we prepare to start for city sightseeing, visit Niyavaran Palace, Lunch in a local restaurant during the visit .In the afternoon visit Bazaar Tajrish and Imamzadeh Saleh mausoleum. Dinner in local restaurant and return to the hotel The Niavaran Complex is a historical complex situated in Shemiran, Tehran (Greater Tehran), Iran. It consists of several buildings and monuments built in the Qajar and Pahlavi eras. The complex traces its origin to a garden in Niavaran region, which was used as a summer residence by Fath-Ali Shah of the Qajar Dynasty. A pavilion was built in the garden by the order of Naser ed Din Shah of the same dynasty, which was originally referred to as Niavaran House, and was later renamed Saheb Qaranie House. The pavilion of Ahmad Shah Qajarwas built in the late Qajar period.During the reign of the Pahlavi Dynasty, a modern built mansion named Niavaran House was built for the imperial family of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. All of the peripheral buildings of the Saheb Qaranie House, with the exception of the Ahmad Shahi Pavilion, were demolished, and the buildings and structures of the present-day complex were built to the north of the Saheb Qaranie House. In the Pahlavi period, the Ahmad Shahi Pavilion served as an exhibition area for the presents from world eaders to the Iranian monarchs. -
Structural Assessment and Historical Review of the Dome at Soltaniyeh
Structural Assessment and Historical Review of the Dome at Soltaniyeh Ali Irani 4.444 Analysis of Historic Structures, Spring 2015 Faculty Advisor: John Ochsendorf Massachusetts Institute of Technology BS Architecture + Civil Engineering, Class of 2016 [email protected] Irani 1 Table of Contents I. Overview 2 II. Historical and Architectural Context 4 III. Literature Review 5 IV. Research Questions 8 V. Analysis Methods and Precedents a. Static Analysis 8 b. Dynamic/Seismic Analysis 10 VI. Results and Discussion a. Parametric Graphic Statics 11 b. 3D Printed Model, Spreading Supports 12 c. 3D Printed Model, Tilt Table 13 VII. Conclusion and Future Work 15 VIII. Appendix 16 IX. References 18 Irani 2 I. Overview Part of a larger mausoleum complex in the Iranian province of Zanjan, the dome at Soltaniyeh was constructed between 1302 and 1312. The project was commissioned by the local ruler, Oljeitu, and it is considered by historians as a prime example of the architectural style pioneered in the Il-Khanid dynasty. The dome has a diameter of approximately 25 meters and reaches a height of 49 meters. The double shelled dome rests on a vertical drum which is supported on an octagonal base with a series of pointed arches and detailed muqarnas. 8 short minarets are radially arrayed around the dome. The dome is constructed entirely out of herringbone-patterned brick with no wooden or iron tension rings. A layer of thin decorative tile adorns the outside of the dome. For the past half-century, the dome has received intensive renovation work after centuries of disrepair. Figure 1: The Soltaniyeh dome as seen in 2011 after modern reconstruction efforts on the dome. -
Marxists Into Muslims: an Iranian Irony Abdolrahim Javadzadeh Florida International University, [email protected]
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by DigitalCommons@Florida International University Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School 11-13-2007 Marxists into Muslims: An Iranian Irony Abdolrahim Javadzadeh Florida International University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Javadzadeh, Abdolrahim, "Marxists into Muslims: An Iranian Irony" (2007). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 36. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/36 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, Florida MARXISTS INTO MUSLIMS: THE IRANIAN IRONY A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY by Abdolrahim Javadzadeh 2007 To: Interim Dean Mark Szuchman College of Arts and Sciences This dissertation, written by Abdolrahim Javadzadeh, and entitled Marxists into Muslims: The Iranian Irony, having been approved in respect to style and intellectual content, is referred to you for judgment. We have read this dissertation and recommend that it be approved. ____________________________________ Douglas Kincaid ____________________________________ Mohiaddin Mesbahi ___________________________________ Barry B. Levine, Major Professor Date of Defense: November 13, 2007 The dissertation of Abdolrahim Javadzadeh is approved. ___________________________________ Interim Dean Mark Szuchman College of Arts and Sciences ____________________________________ Dean George Walker University Graduate School Florida International University, 2007 ii © Copyright 2007 by Abdolrahim Javadzadeh All rights reserved. -
Spatial Analysis of Urban Inequality in Qazvin Province
© 2013, Scienceline Publication Journal of Civil Engineering and Urbanism Volume 3, Issue 5: 300-309 (2013) (Received: May 18, 2013; Accepted: September 10, 2013; Published: September 30, 2013) ISSN-2252-0430 Spatial Analysis of Urban Inequality in Qazvin Province Mahdi Salehi1*and Budaq Budaqov2 1PhD Student in Geography and Urban Planning, Azarbijan National Academy of Science 2Full Professor in Geography, Member of Azarbijan National Academy of Science *Corresponding author’s Email address: [email protected] ABSTRACT: As a descriptive-analytical study, this paper aims to investigate and analyze spatial inequalities among different cities of Qazvin province during 1976-2006, using statistical models and software. Regarding population, social, economic, health, cultural, infrastructural, transportation and communicational indicators in 25 cities of Qazvin province, Qazvin, Abgarm, Narje are most developed, and KhakAli, Sagez Abad, Aavaj, Abgarm, Zia Abad, and Sirdan, are deprived cities, respectively. Coefficient of variance model indicates the most inequality belongs to cultural indicator and the least belong to social indicators. Based on the results of the study, economical factor is more effective on spatial structure of all cities in Qazvin. Moreover, infrastructural and cultural factors are influential in cities of the province. Keywords: Spatial Analysis, Statistical Analysis, Urban Inequality, Qazvin Province INTRODUCTION study aims to reach a balanced regional development in Qazvin province and to find out situation and distribution -
Two-Level Patterns in Practice
Persian Two-Level Patterns in Practice. Tony Lee, February/March 2016 Two-level patterns arise when the spaces between the lines of one pattern (the larger, or upper-level pattern) are filled with tiles of another pattern (the smaller or lower-level pattern). Usually the tiles of the lower-level pattern are so arranged that the pattern is continuous across the lines of the upper-level pattern. That is, in such a case, if the lines of the larger pattern were removed the smaller pattern would present a single, complex pattern covering the whole pattern area. If the upper and lower level patterns are similar, or contain the same shapes (but at two different scales) then such a pattern may be regarded loosely as self-similar. Most discussions of these concepts are concerned with Islamic geometric patterns, where there is frequently a large-scale pattern picked out in various ways ⏤ for example, by colour contrast, or greater width of banding ⏤ superimposed on a small-scale pattern. Strict self-similarity is rarely achieved in traditonal Islamic patterns. Recent literature on Islamic patterns has recognised a number of different categories of two-level patterns, but there is one category of tile mosaic in which the manner of execution has been consistently misrepresented in the computer graphic illustrations accompanying a number of modern accounts. In this type of two-level pattern the lines of the large or level-one pattern are widened as bands, separating different areas (polygons, compartments) of this upper level pattern, which are then filled with modular arrangements of parts of the smaller or level-two pattern. -
The Analysis of Factors Affecting the Architecture of Isfahan Bathes from Safavid to Qajar Via SPSS
Intl. J. Humanities (2010) Vol. 17 (1): (109-125) The Analysis of Factors Affecting the Architecture of Isfahan Bathes from Safavid to Qajar via SPSS Javad Neyestani1, Saeid Amirhajloo2 Received: 25/5/2009 Accepted: 23/1/2010 Abstract Public bathes have much importance in Islamic cities, after the most significant structures like mosques and schools. There are a number of factors affecting the construction of bathes among which temperature regulation, humidity, access path, location in the urban texture, watercourses, and construction of exit paths are the most important. This study tries to make a comparative analysis of the architectures of bathes during Safavid and Qajar in order to reveal factors affecting their construction as Downloaded from eijh.modares.ac.ir at 13:02 IRST on Tuesday September 28th 2021 well as the types of architecture implemented. Consequently, 13 public bathes were recognized and examined. The data elicited was then subjected to SPSS for further statistical investigation. Nonparametric Spearman correlation test was utilized to know the relationship among the variables and the factors affecting the architectures. The findings reveal a number of factors to be in statistically high correlation. Keywords: Bath; Garmabā; Islamic Architecture; Isfahan; Safavid; Qajar 1. Assistant Professor in Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran, E-mail: [email protected] 2. PhD Student in Archaeology, Tarbiat Modares University, E-mail: [email protected] 109 The Analysis of Factors Affecting the Architecture…________________Intl. J. Humanities (2010) Vol. 17 (1) 1. Introduction public baths, and some are special ones existent Baths, as part of charity buildings, have been of in some baths depending on the type of their particular importance and often accompanied functions.