The Voyages of Christopher Columbus

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Voyages of Christopher Columbus LP Explorers of Sea Space& BY MICHAEL CONTRERAS & SUE BYERS WITH MELVIN COOK Illustrated by Mike eustis ISBN Print: 978-1-63260-226-8 ePub: 978-1-63260-227-5 Copyright © 2013 SNAP! Learning® 4325 N. Golden State Blvd. #102 Fresno, Ca 93722 855.200.SNAP www.snaplearning.net ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. This book contains material protected under International and Federal Copyright Laws and Treaties. Any unauthorized reprint or use of this material is prohibited. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system without express written permission from the author / publisher. LP Lesson Student Table of Contents Plan Book Introduction ....................................................................................................................4 4 Sea Exploration ............................................................................................................6-12 5-8 Space Exploration ............................................................................................................14 9 Manned Space Flight .....................................................................................................16 10 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................18 11 Additional Source .........................................................................................................20 12 Close Reading Check .....................................................................................................21 13 Writing .........................................................................................................................22-34 14 Rubric ...........................................................................................................................35 27 References ....................................................................................................................36 30 College and Career Readiness Standards .............................................................................39 Introduce Book Students look at the front cover, read the title, author, and illustrator. Students browse the Table of Contents and book to predict what they will learn about. First Read Teacher reads page 4 aloud. Second Read Students read to the stop sign highlighting difficult and challenging words and phrases. Students use strategies to work through the decoding and meaning of words. Students restate or paraphrase the text to demonstrate their understanding. Students determine the main idea, and then write it in the margins. Paragraph(s) 1 Paragraph(s) 2 Paragraph(s) 3 Explorers search for new The 15th-17th centuries are Most explorers had a purpose information or increased called the Age of Exploration. in addition to exploration. resources. Summarize the key idea of this passage in 25 words or less. Most explorers searched for new information or increased resources. The 15th to 17th centuries are known as the Age of Exploration. Third Read Reread paragraph 2. Underline the characteristic that Columbus felt was necessary for sea exploration. Explain his meaning. In paragraph 2, the quote from Columbus states you have to “have the courage to lose sight of the shore.” By this he means that explorers must be courageous and not afraid of the unknown in order to explore the ocean. Reread paragraph 3. Describe the characteristics of explorers. Quote at least two details from the text to support your answer. In paragraph 3, the text states, “explorers tend to be curious, creative, and independent.” It adds, “Most also possess a sense of a higher purpose.” Reader Tasks - Quick Write 1 Students respond to one of the questions or tasks from the Third Read in the Quick Write section of their Close Reading Portfolio. © 2013 SNAP! Learning® All Rights Reserved. 4 Introduction Photo: Michael L. Baird Photo: Nina˜ Pinta Miguel Angel Photo: Christopher Columbus painting by Sebastiano del Piombo Sebastiano by painting Columbus Christopher Christopher Columbus 1 Since the dawn of time, some humans have ventured forth into unknown territories and uncharted seas. For the most part, Santa Maria On Christopher Columbus’ first voyage, he took three those explorers were searching for either ships, the Niña, Pinta, and Santa Maria. Replicas of these ships are pictured above. new information or increased resources. Certainly, personal courage was a 3 characteristic common to both early and 2 The period including the 15th to 17th centuries has been titled the Age of modern explorers. However, explorers Exploration. One notable explorer also tend to be curious, creative, and active during this era was Christopher independent. Most also possess a sense of Columbus. He once proclaimed, higher purpose. For example, the primary “You can never cross the ocean goal of Columbus was to find a shorter until you have the courage to route to Asia. Columbus also believed lose sight of the shore.” that part of his mission was the spread of Christianity. 4 Review and Explore Students discuss what was learned in the previous lesson. Students explore the page. Students identify the text features used in the text. Students predict what they will learn. First Read Teacher reads page 5 aloud. Second Read Students read to the stop sign highlighting difficult and challenging words and phrases. Students use strategies to work through the decoding and meaning of words. Students restate or paraphrase the text to demonstrate their understanding. Students determine the main idea, and then write it in the margins. Paragraph(s) 4 Paragraph(s) 5 Paragraph(s) 6 Early societies undertook Leif Eriksson was the first Wealth was the goal of seafaring explorations. European to land in North explorations during the Age of America. Exploration. Since then the primary purpose has been improved knowledge. Summarize the key idea of this passage in 25 words or less. Leif Eriksson was the first European explorer to land in North America. Increased wealth, and later improved knowledge, was the goal of explorations. Third Read Reread paragraph 4. Identify the claim the authors make in this paragraph. Quote statements from the text that provide evidence to support the claim. In paragraph 4, the authors claim that exploration “did not begin with the Age of Exploration.” The authors support this claim with the statement “seafaring explorations were undertaken by several societies.” They then give examples of these societies that include the Phoenicians, Greeks, Chinese, and Vikings. Reread paragraph 6. Explain the relationship between the motivation for exploration during the Age of Exploration and the exploration that followed in the years after. Quote statements from the text that provide evidence for your answer. In paragraph 6, the text states, “During the Age of Exploration, the motivation for exploration was largely for material wealth.” Following the Age of Exploration, the motivation changed. “Since that time, major explorations were launched primarily to obtain improved knowledge” about the world and universe. Reader Tasks - Quick Write 2 Students respond to one of the questions or tasks from the Third Read in the Quick Write section of their Close Reading Portfolio. © 2013 SNAP! Learning® All Rights Reserved. 6 Sea Exploration 4 Exploration, of course, did not begin with the Age of Exploration. Prior to that time, extensive seafaring explorations were undertaken by several societies. These included the Phoenicians, the Greeks, the Chinese, and the Vikings. “Viking”, replica of the Gokstad Viking ship, at the Chicago World Fair 1893 During the Age of Exploration, the 6 motivation for exploration was largely material wealth. However, since that time, major explorations were launched primarily to obtain improved knowledge about the remainder of the world and the universe beyond. Photo: Nick Stenning Photo: Chinese junk ships have been in use since the 2nd century AD. The Duk Ling (Clever Duck) is of the junk design. 5 In fact, Viking ships were the first to cross the Atlantic Ocean. Leif Eriksson, an Icelandic explorer searching for timber, is believed to be the first European to land in North America. Eriksson landed on Newfoundland in modern-day Canada. He established a settlement there almost 500 years before the voyages of Columbus. Leif Eriksson Thomas Quine Photo: A memorial statue of Leif Eriksson. 5 Review and Explore Students discuss what was learned in the previous lesson. Students explore the page. Students identify the text features used in the text. Students predict what they will learn. First Read Teacher reads page 6 aloud. Second Read Students read to the stop sign highlighting difficult and challenging words and phrases. Students use strategies to work through the decoding and meaning of words. Students restate or paraphrase the text to demonstrate their understanding. Students determine the main idea, and then write it in the margins. Paragraph(s) 7 Paragraph(s) 8 Paragraph(s) 9 Columbus set sail to find a Columbus explored what Columbus’s explorations were shorter passage to India. is called the New World, discounted because he didn’t including North, South, and discover a route to India. Central America. Summarize the key idea of this passage in 25 words or less. Columbus explored North, South, and Central America. His discoveries were discounted because he didn’t find a route to India. Third Read Explain
Recommended publications
  • Soviet Steps Toward Permanent Human Presence in Space
    SALYUT: Soviet Steps Toward Permanent Human Presence in Space December 1983 NTIS order #PB84-181437 Recommended Citation: SALYUT: Soviet Steps Toward Permanent Human Presence in Space–A Technical Mere- orandum (Washington, D. C.: U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, OTA- TM-STI-14, December 1983). Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 83-600624 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 Foreword As the other major spacefaring nation, the Soviet Union is a subject of interest to the American people and Congress in their deliberations concerning the future of U.S. space activities. In the course of an assessment of Civilian Space Stations, the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) has undertaken a study of the presence of Soviets in space and their Salyut space stations, in order to provide Congress with an informed view of Soviet capabilities and intentions. The major element in this technical memorandum was a workshop held at OTA in December 1982: it was the first occasion when a significant number of experts in this area of Soviet space activities had met for extended unclassified discussion. As a result of the workshop, OTA prepared this technical memorandum, “Salyut: Soviet Steps Toward Permanent Human Presence in Space. ” It has been reviewed extensively by workshop participants and others familiar with Soviet space activities. Also in December 1982, OTA wrote to the U. S. S. R.’s Ambassador to the United States Anatoliy Dobrynin, requesting any information concerning present and future Soviet space activities that the Soviet Union judged could be of value to the OTA assess- ment of civilian space stations.
    [Show full text]
  • The Space Challenge and Soviet Science Fiction
    Corso di Laurea magistrale ( ordinamento ex D.M. 270/2004 ) in Relazioni Internazionali Comparate – International Relations Tesi di Laurea The space challenge and Soviet science fiction Relatore Ch.mo Prof. Duccio Basosi Correlatore Ch.ma Prof. Donatella Possamai Laureanda Serena Zanin Matricola 835564 Anno Accademico 2011 / 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………………...1 INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………...…………..7 CHAPTER I The science fiction in the Soviet bloc: the case of Stanislaw Lem’s “Solaris”…………………….…………………………………....…………...…16 CHAPTER II The space race era from the Soviet bloc side …………..….........37 CHAPTER III The enthusiasm for the cosmos and Soviet propaganda ……………….. …………………………...……...………………………………..73 FINAL CONSIDERATIONS ……………...………………………………...101 APPENDIX ........……………………………………………………..……..…106 REFERENCES …..……………………………………………………………113 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS …………………………………………………..118 ABSTRACT La studiosa Julia Richers sottolinea come le ricerche sulla storia dell’esplorazione spaziale sovietica abbiano tre principali direzioni. La prima riguarda la storia politica della Guerra Fredda che considera la conquista dello spazio e lo sviluppo di potenti missili come parte di una più grande competizione tra gli USA e l’URSS. La seconda esamina in particolar modo lo sviluppo scientifico e tecnologico a partire dagli anni Ottanta, ossia da quando l’abolizione della censura ha permesso l’apertura al pubblico di molti archivi storici e la rivelazione di importanti informazioni. La terza include la propaganda sovietica e la fantascienza come parte fondamentale della storia culturale e sociale sia dell’URSS che della Russia post-rivoluzione. Il presente lavoro analizza la storia dell’esplorazione spaziale sovietica e, partendo dalle sue origini (fine XIX° secolo), prende in considerazione i principali successi che portarono al lancio del primo satellite artificiale nel 1957 e il primo uomo sulla luna nel 1961.
    [Show full text]
  • NASA-STD-3001 Technical Brief Mishaps During Entry, Descent and Landing Overview Overview
    NASA-STD-3001 Technical Brief Mishaps During Entry, Descent and Landing Overview Overview Executive Summary Re-entry into the Earth’s atmosphere, descent and subsequent landing are a few of the stages in spaceflight that are life-threatening due to the myriad of processes and vehicle reliabilities that must occur in order for the crew to land not only safely, but unharmed. The crew and vehicle are subjected to the vacuum of space, extreme heat, high speeds, g-forces and vibrations. Historically, astronauts have sustained minor injuries, but the loss of life has occurred, let alone came close to occurring in other cases, and it is imperative that these should be lessons in the understanding of vehicle design and protecting the crew within. STS-107: Rear (L-R) David Brown, Laurel Clark, Michael Anderson, Ilan Ramon; Front (L-R) Rick Husband, Kalpana Chawla, William McCool Soyuz 11: (L-R) Georgi Dobrovolski, Viktor Patsayev and Soyuz 1: Vladimir Komarov Vladislav Volkov NASA Office of the Chief Health & Medical Officer (OCHMO) 1 This Technical Brief is derived from NASA-STD-3001 and is for reference only. It does not supersede or waive existing Agency, Program, or Contract requirements. 06/12/2020 NASA-STD-3001 Technical Brief Mishaps During Entry, Descent and Landing Background Entry Events Soyuz 11 – June 30, 19711 During separation of the orbital and service modules from the descent module, the pyrotechnic system did not operate as intended. All of the pyrotechnics fired simultaneously rather than the designed sequential firing mode, which was believed to be due to the excessive vibration loads on the vehicle.
    [Show full text]
  • Case Study of the Internal Growth Dynamics of NASA
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1971 Case study of the internal growth dynamics of NASA Bruce M. Whitehead The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Whitehead, Bruce M., "Case study of the internal growth dynamics of NASA" (1971). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 1747. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/1747 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CASE STUDY OF THE INTERNAL GROWTH DYNAMICS OF NASA By Bruce M. Whitehead B.A. University of Montana, 1970 Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA 1971 Approved by: Chairman, Board of Examiners Dea^ Grad^txe 7/ UMI Number: EP35189 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI OlM«rt*tk>n Publishing UMI EP35189 Published by ProQuest LLC (2012). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author.
    [Show full text]
  • NASA's Space Shuttle Columbia
    Order Code RS21408 Updated July 9, 2003 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web NASA’s Space Shuttle Columbia: Quick Facts and Issues for Congress Marcia S. Smith Specialist in Aerospace and Telecommunications Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Summary On February 1, 2003, NASA’s Space Shuttle Columbia broke apart while returning to Earth from a 16-day science mission in orbit. All seven astronauts — six Americans and one Israeli — were killed. An investigation is underway. This report provides quick facts about Columbia, her crew, the STS-107 mission, the status of the investigation (including preliminary recommendations from the investigation board), and a brief discussion of issues for Congress. Additional information on the space shuttle program is available in CRS Issue Brief IB93062, CRS Report RS21411, and CRS Report RS21419. This report will be updated regularly. The Loss of the Space Shuttle Columbia The space shuttle Columbia was launched on its STS-107 mission on January 16, 2003. After completing a 16-day scientific research mission, Columbia started its descent to Earth on the morning of February 1, 2003. As it descended from orbit, approximately 16 minutes before its scheduled landing at Kennedy Space Center, FL, Columbia broke apart over northeastern Texas. All seven astronauts aboard were killed. They were Commander Rick Husband; Pilot William McCool; Mission Specialists Michael P. Anderson, David M. Brown, Kalpana Chawla, and Laurel Clark; and payload specialist Ilan Ramon, an Israeli. The last communication with Columbia was at about 09:00 EST. The shuttle was at an altitude of 207,135 feet, traveling at a speed of Mach 18.3 (about 13,000 miles per hour).
    [Show full text]
  • Part 2 Almaz, Salyut, And
    Part 2 Almaz/Salyut/Mir largely concerned with assembly in 12, 1964, Chelomei called upon his Part 2 Earth orbit of a vehicle for circumlu- staff to develop a military station for Almaz, Salyut, nar flight, but also described a small two to three cosmonauts, with a station made up of independently design life of 1 to 2 years. They and Mir launched modules. Three cosmo- designed an integrated system: a nauts were to reach the station single-launch space station dubbed aboard a manned transport spacecraft Almaz (“diamond”) and a Transport called Siber (or Sever) (“north”), Logistics Spacecraft (Russian 2.1 Overview shown in figure 2-2. They would acronym TKS) for reaching it (see live in a habitation module and section 3.3). Chelomei’s three-stage Figure 2-1 is a space station family observe Earth from a “science- Proton booster would launch them tree depicting the evolutionary package” module. Korolev’s Vostok both. Almaz was to be equipped relationships described in this rocket (a converted ICBM) was with a crew capsule, radar remote- section. tapped to launch both Siber and the sensing apparatus for imaging the station modules. In 1965, Korolev Earth’s surface, cameras, two reentry 2.1.1 Early Concepts (1903, proposed a 90-ton space station to be capsules for returning data to Earth, 1962) launched by the N-1 rocket. It was and an antiaircraft cannon to defend to have had a docking module with against American attack.5 An ports for four Soyuz spacecraft.2, 3 interdepartmental commission The space station concept is very old approved the system in 1967.
    [Show full text]
  • Editorial Comment
    26. Carter L, Pruitt J, Brown CA, et al. Status of ISS water management odiferousIn-Flight Maintenance of a previously utilized Waste and recovery. Paper presented at: 46th International Conference of Collection System onboard orbiter Atlantis, during STS-46, by Environmental Systems. Vienna, Austria 2016. the first Swiss ESA astronaut, Claude Nicollier. There was also 27. Kayatin MJ, Pruitt JM, Nur M, Takada KC, Carter L. Upgrades to a space toilet scandal on ISS in 2007 when, after several failed 47th Inter- the International Space Station Water Recovery System. attempts of their own, NASA bought a Russian toilet for national Conference on Environmental Systems. Charleston, South $19 million to install in the US segment, but would not let Carolina 2017. 28. Feltman R. Why American astronauts drink Russian urine. Russian crew members use it. In 2018, that very toilet broke https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2015/ and US crew members had to borrow the Russian segment toi- 08/27/why-american-astronauts-drink-russian-urine/. Published let while asking RSS Energia for repair parts. 2015. Accessed. Although, the device worn in NASA’s Launch and Entry and 29. Duchesne SM, Tressler CH. Environmental Control and life Extravehicular Activity space suits-the Maximal Absorbency support integration strategy for 6-crew operations. 40th Interna- Garments, aka “space diapers” were made famous for a “discom- tional Conference on Environmental Systems. Barcelona, Spain moding” reason, this technology reduced the morbidity of many 2009. with earthbound incontinence; just as much of spaceflight tech- nology has improved the lives of terrestrial people worldwide.
    [Show full text]
  • Russiajls Pay H.Age to Dead Cosiiiojlguts
    HIGH TIDE LOW TIDE 7-2-71 -.tOURGlJ.\SS 2-2-71 3.5 at 1200 2.5 at 0618 .1 at 1812 VOL. 12, Ne. 2968 . KWAJALEIN, MARSHALL ISLANDS _ RussiaJls Pay H.age to Dead COSIIIOJlGutS MOSCOW (UPT) -- Hundreds of thousand~ of Russ1ans led by a shaken, weepl.ng Leon2d I. Brezhnev today filed past the open coffins of the three Soyuz 11 cos- monauts who died at the cllmactlc moment of their lives Brezhnev, the general secretary of th~ Soviet Communlst Party, stood with other leaders as honor guards before th~ trlple catafalque bearing the bodles of Georgi Dobrovolsky, Vladislav Volkov'dnd Vlktor Patsayev. Brezhnev wept opeely. Tears gleamed ~n hlS cheeks, and he brushed them away wlth a hand, then wlth a handkerchlef. From among the mourners fl1ing past came gasplng sobs that echoed In the cavernous SOvlet Army Central House, with red and black crepe and pungent wibh the smell of flowers. flls.er, Sa,s Da.a,in, The cosmonauts lay side by g>de, the~r faces peaceful Dobrovolsky was Do".ents Given Con,ress m h,S au force lieutenant colonel's uniform and the eng~neers. Patsayev CAMBRIDGE, Mass (UPI) -- l)r: Danlel and Volkov, l.n cl.vl.lian SUl.ts. Each Ellsberg sal.d today he gave to the Sen­ wore a row of medals l.ncluding the ate Fore1gn Relations Committee -- not star of a Hero of the Soviet Unl.on. to the press -- top secret documents g1ven posthumously. deall.ng Wl.th negotiations to end the Funeral services will be held to­ Vlet Nam War morrow afternoon in Red Square, where EIlsberg sal.d he was the sole source the cosmonauts wlil be honored as for leakl.ng to the press other docu­ Heroes of the SOVlet Union.
    [Show full text]
  • The Representation of International States, Societies, And
    THE REPRESENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL STATES, SOCIETIES, AND CULTURES IN TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY SPACE-THEMED EXHIBITS: AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL INQUIRY INTO MUSEUMS IN CALIFORNIA, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND BRITISH COLUMBIA ____________ A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California State University, Chico ____________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in Anthropology Museum Studies Option ____________ by © William Robert Townsend 2017 Fall 2017 THE REPRESENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL STATES, SOCIETIES, AND CULTURES IN TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY SPACE-THEMED EXHIBITS: AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL INQUIRY INTO MUSEUMS IN CALIFORNIA, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND BRITISH COLUMBIA A Thesis by William Robert Townsend Fall 2017 APPROVED BY THE INTERIM DEAN OF GRADUATE STUDIES: Sharon Barrios, Ph.D. APPROVED BY THE GRADUATE ADVISORY COMMITTEE: Georgia Fox, Ph.D. Georgia Fox, Ph.D., Chair Graduate Coordinator David Eaton, Ph.D. PUBLICATION RIGHTS No portion of this thesis may be reprinted or reproduced in any manner unacceptable to the usual copyright restrictions without the written permission of the author. iii DEDICATION I dedicate this thesis in memory of my grandmother, Elizabeth Ann Gerisch, for having taken me to Italy and, in doing so, inspiring my interest in cultural history. Grazie, nonna. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Foremost, I would like to thank my wonderful wife, Yaneli Torres Townsend, who has been by my side through the excitement, stress, and countless sleepless study- nights of both undergraduate and graduate school. Forever and always. I would also like to thank my amazing mom, Mary Ann Townsend, for always believing in me and for encouraging me to aim a little higher. As for my dad, Edward Townsend, thank you for taking me adventuring under the stars during our camping trips when I was young—our walks and philosophical conversations inspired my awe of the cosmos, and this thesis is undoubtedly an extension of that wonderment.
    [Show full text]
  • 618475269-MIT.Pdf
    A Technoregulatory Analysis of Government Regulation and Oversight in the United States for the Protection of Passenger Safety in Commercial Human Spaceflight by Michael Elliot Leybovich B.S. Engineering Physics University of California at Berkeley, 2005 Submitted to the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics and the Engineering Systems Division in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degrees of Master of Science in Aeronautics and Astronautics and Master of Science in Technology and Policy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology February 2009 © 2009 Massachusetts Institute of Technology. All rights reserved. Signature of author: Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Technology and Policy Program December 22, 2008 Certified by: Professor David A. Mindell Professor of Engineering Systems & Dibner Professor of the History of Engineering and Manufacturing Thesis Supervisor Certified by: Professor Dava J. Newman Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics & Engineering Systems, MacVicar Faculty Fellow Thesis Supervisor Accepted by: Professor Dava J. Newman Director of Technology and Policy Program Accepted by Professor David L. Darmofal Chair, Committee on Graduate Students, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics 2 A Technoregulatory Analysis of Government Regulation and Oversight in the United States for the Protection of Passenger Safety in Commercial Human Spaceflight by Michael Elliot Leybovich B.S. Engineering Physics University of California at Berkeley, 2005 Submitted to the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics and the Engineering Systems Division on December 22, 2008 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degrees of Master of Science in Aeronautics and Astronautics and Master of Science in Technology and Policy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ABSTRACT Commercial human spaceflight looks ready to take off as an industry, with ―space tourism‖ as its first application.
    [Show full text]
  • NASA's Space Shuttle Columbia
    Order Code RS21408 Updated February 4, 2003 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web NASA’s Space Shuttle Columbia: Quick Facts and Issues for Congress Marcia S. Smith Specialist in Aerospace and Telecommunications Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Summary On February 1, 2003, NASA’s Space Shuttle Columbia broke apart while returning to Earth from a 16-day science mission in orbit. All seven astronauts — six Americans and one Israeli — were killed. An investigation is underway. This report provides quick facts about Columbia, her crew, the STS-107 mission, the status of the investigation, and a brief discussion of issues for Congress. Additional information on the space shuttle program is available in CRS Issue Brief IB93062 and CRS Report RL31347. This report will be updated as events warrant. The Loss of the Space Shuttle Columbia The space shuttle Columbia was launched on its STS-107 mission on January 16, 2003. After completing a 16-day scientific research mission, Columbia started its descent to Earth on the morning of February 1, 2003. As it descended from orbit, approximately 16 minutes before its scheduled landing at Kennedy Space Center, FL, Columbia broke apart over northeastern Texas. All seven astronauts aboard were killed. They were Commander Rick Husband; Pilot William McCool; Mission Specialists Michael P. Anderson, David M. Brown, Kalpana Chawla, and Laurel Clark; and payload specialist Ilan Ramon, an Israeli. The last communication with Columbia was at about 09:00 EST. The shuttle was at an altitude of 207,135 feet, traveling at a speed of Mach 18.3 (about 13,000 miles per hour).
    [Show full text]
  • Actual Problems Актуальные Проблемы
    АКАДЕМИЯНАУКАВИАЦИИИВОЗДУХОПЛАВАНИЯ РОССИЙСКАЯАКАДЕМИЯКОСМОНАВТИКИИМ. К.Э.ЦИОЛКОВСКОГО ACADEMYOFAVIATIONANDAERONAUTICSSCIENCES RUSSIAN ASTRONAUTICSACADEMYOFK.E.TSIOLKOVSKY'SNAME 12.04.1961 АКТУАЛЬНЫЕПРОБЛЕМЫ АВИАЦИОННЫХИАЭРОКОСМИЧЕСКИХСИСТЕМ процессы, модели, эксперимент 1(36)2013 ACTUALPROBLEMS OFAVIATIONANDAEROSPACESYSTEMS processes,models,experiment Казань DaytonaBeach АКТУАЛЬНЫЕПРОБЛЕМЫАВИАЦИОННЫХИАЭРОКОСМИЧЕСКИХСИСТЕМ Вып.1(36), том 18 2013 СОДЕРЖАНИЕ CONTENTS А.А.Баренбаум 1 A.A.Barenbaum Галактоцентрическаяпарадигмав GalaxyCentricParadigminNatural естественныхнауках,часть II Science,partII Е.В.Горбенко 42 E.V.Gorbenko Оразработкеновойсхемы Aboutnewschemedevelopmentforair воздушногостарта launching А.В.Даниленко, К.С.Ёлкин, 52 A.V.Danilenko,K.S.Elkin, С.Ц.Лягушина, С.Б.Федоров S.C.Lyagushina,S.B.Fedorov Орбитальныетросовыесистемыв Orbitaltetheredsystemsinnano- составенаноспутниковнаучного satellitesofsceintificpurpose назначения М.В.Левский 60 M.V.Levskiy Совмещениережимовориентациии Thecombiningregimesoforientation коррекцииорбитыприуправлении andorbitcorrectioninaspacecraft движениемкосмическогоаппарата motioncontrol Ц.Ван, А.С.Кретов 83 Z.Wang,A.S.Kretov Отрагедиимногоразовоговоздушно- AbouttragedyofSpaceShuttle космическогосамолета «Columbia» в “Columbia”inthecontextofSpace контекстеосвоенияКосмоса explorarion К.К.Клионовска 109 K.K.Klionovska Овлияниинеодновременности Aboutinfluenceofnon-simultaneityof раскрытияконсолейоперенияна openingstabilizerconsoleson движениенеуправляемого uncontrolledaircraftmotion летательногоаппарата
    [Show full text]