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Notes Et Extraits L'histoire Des Croisades

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Notes Et Extraits L'histoire Des Croisades NOTES ET EXTRAITS POUR SERVIR A L'HISTOIRE DES CROISADES AU xve SIECLE PUBLIES PAR N. IORGA PE\OFESSEUR A L'UNIVERS1TE DE BUCAREST. QUATRIEME SERIE (1453-1476) EDITION DE L'ACADEMIE ROUMAINE (POND5 ALINA STlRBEY) BUCAREST 1915 NOTES ET EXTRAITS POUR SERVIR A L'HISTOIRE DES CROISADES AU XVe SIÈCLE PUBLIES PAR N. IORGA PROFESSEUR A L'UNIVERS1TE DE BUCAREST. QUATRIEME SERIE (14531476) EDITION DE L'ACADEMIE ROUMAINE (FONDS ALINA STIRBEY) BUCAREST 1915 PREFACE, 11 y a plus de dix ans de la publication du dernier volume de mes Notes et extraits pour servir 4 l'histoire des croisades au XV-e siecle" , dont une partie, contenant des documents re- cueillis a Venise, 4 Genes et dans quelques autres vines ita- liennes, avait paru d'abord dans la Revue de l'Orient latin", tandis que l'autre, qui donnait surtout la riche recolte faite Raguse, se presentait pour la premiere fois en volume. Ces materiaux devaient servir a une histoire de l'idee de la croisade apres les dernières expe'clitions dirige'es contre la Syrie ou l'Eqypte du Soudan, c'est-a-dire des projets forme's 4 partir du XV-e siecle et des combats portes au nom du meme ideal qui avail inspire jadis Godefroy de Bouillon, mais contre des ennemis nouveaux, les Tures etablis en Europe pour fonder et dominer une Byzance musulmane. Nous n'avons pas realise ce projet de jeunesse, mais ces pieces ont fourni la base de l'information pour une large pantie de notre Histoire de l'Empire atteman` ,publie'e en allemand,a Gotha, de 1908 a 1913 (5 volumes). L'ouvrage que nous nous proposions d'e'erire 4 la fin de nos etudes en Occident, alors que nous venions a peine de finir notre Philippe de Mezieres et la croisade au XIV-e siecle", sera-t-il jamais entrepris? Bien d'autres sujets attirent l'attention d'un historien a notre age, et nous pensons plutót a une etude sur les idees et les facteurs de l'histoire universelle des le moyen age, qui pourrait nous demander encore de longs et laborieux dorts. Mais, en dehors des documents publies, qui s'arretent 4 la prise de Constantinople par Mohammed II en 1453, nous en avions IV NOTES ET EXTRAITS dans nos cartons et nos cahiers un nombre presque tout aussi grand qui arrive jusqu'au-dela de l'anne'e 1530. II ne s'agit pas d'un depouillement systematique comme pour la pe'riode ante'rieure. Les grandes series ve'nitiennes, qui onte'te' du resteexplorees pour differentes publications hongroises, polonaises, yougo-slatns, grecques, ont ete' aussi, de parti-pris, laissees de ceite, en dehors de l'epoque des combats livre's aux Tures par Etienne-le-Grand, prince de Moldavie (1473 et anne'es suivantes ; nous avons pu- blic' ce petit recueil dans les Annales de l'Academie Roumaine", anne'e 1914). Il n'y avail apres la catastrophe de Pera que bien peu a glaner dans les archives genoises, si on excepte ces dos- siers de Cala qui sont du reste reproduits en entier dansle gros Codice diplomatico" de Vigna. Mais nous avons explore pour la premiere foisArchivio del duca di Candia", re'cem- ment mis en ordre dans le grand depôt des FraniaVenise. Depuis longtemps nous avions cherche' en Allemagne tout ce qui se rapporte,al'occasion des dietes d'Empire, des assemble'es pro- vinciales, etc., aux projets de guerre contre les Tures. Les ma- nuscritsdelaBibliotheque Royale de Munich avaientete etuclies avec attention dansle méme but. Et enfin des pieces isoleesavaient etetrouve'es dans presque toutesles Archives principalesd'Italie.Un peu plus tard nous avons entrepris aussidesrecherchesquin'ont pasete'sans resultat aux Archives etetla Bibliotheque Imperiale de Vienne, oh depuis longtemps letravail nous est dejendu, a la suite d'un decret d'expulsion que le Gouvernement autrichien a lance', sans aucun motif, contre un historien dont l'activite politiquesubsidiaire n'avait en dehors de sa patrie qu'un seul but :rappeler aux .Roumains non-libres qu'ils ont un passe' qui leur appartient en propre. De nombreuses demandes concernant des points speciaux de l'histoire de cet Orient europeen apres 1453 nous ont fait croire que ces actes, dont une grande partie concerne. les relations de commerce avec le Levant, meritent d'etreconnus. L'Academie Boumaine nous a fourni volontiers les fonds necessaires pour continuer notre publication, dont nous pouvons offrir aujourd'hui le premier volume, s'arrêtant a l'anne'e 1476,le lendemain de lacatastrophe de Cala, del'établissement deladomination turque sur tout le pourtour de la Mer Noire et a la veille de la victoire turque sur Etienne-le-Grand, prince de Moldavie, vain- PREFACE V queur lui-meme dans le grand combat livre pres de Vasluiu, au commencemment de l'anne'e precedente;les .Venitiens, de ltur côte, devaient conclure bientôt cette pair qui livra au Sultan, apres une longue et glorieuse resistance, l'heroique Scutari. Ces pieces sont-elles toutes inedites ou hien un certain nombre d'entre elles a e'te' deja publiee, et méme d'apresdes versions meilleures? Nous avons cherche'l'inedit,rnais des r6ume's de certaines pieces connues, comme pour les Reichstagsakten"et pour les decisions des dietes de Hongrie, etaient necessaires pour donner une vue d'ensemble et relier les differentes pieces qui s'y rattachent: nous avons cherche' a re'duirele plus possibleces resumes, qui ne seront pas inutiles. Nous avions ensuite dans nos cahiers des extraits et des notes tire's de deux chroniques ve'nitiennes du X V-e siecle, la Zena" ou chronique F 20 de la Bibliotheque Royale de Dresdeet celle qui porte a la m6me Bibliotheque la cote F 33. On trou- vera dans ce volume meme les extraits de la premiere; des notes empruntees a la seconde seront donnees dans le volume suivant. Nous reconnaissons volontiers que ces deux chroniques sont bien inferieures a la chronique Malipiera ou aux Annales de Longo (dans l' Archivio istorico italiano", anne'e 1843) et a la com- pilation de Stefano Magno, dont nous avons tire partie deja dans le troisieme volume, datant de 1897, de nos Actes et fragments pour servir a l'histoire des Boumains". Mais ii y avait aussi des differences a signaler, des jails nouveaux a ajouter. Ce quatrieme volume des Notes et extraits"n'affre pas le riche commentaire qui distingue les trois autres. .Nous avons cru qu'il noussuffisait d'avoirecritles volumes II et III de la Geschichte des osmanischen Reiches", a laquelle nous renvoyons nos lecteurs. Cette publication trouvera-t-elle, paraissant a cette heure ter- rible pour l'humanite' entiere, un bon accueil? Nous aurons eu au mansetilui donnant tous nos soins cette recompense: d'avoir, pour ainsi dire, revécu les dnnées de jeunesse, dejalointaines, oic nous pouvions consacrer tout notre temps, a travers une Eu- rope liee alors par les illusions, qui se sont dissipées, du grand labeur commun de toutes les nations, a des recherches destinees a mieux e'clairer lesnobles elorts faits,etl'e'poque de la .Re- VT NOTES ET EXTRAITS naissance triomphante, par l'Europechrgtienne pour s'ovposer l'envahissement des barbares" asiatiquesdans lesquelselle voyait, avec une profonde horreur pour les vaines he'catombes qu'ils accumulaient sans aucun autre ideal quele fantóme de la domination universelle et l'avidite' d'exploiter les autres na- tions, le seul danger pour l'avenir de sa civilisation,humaine et chrgtienne. N. Iorga. Valenii-de-Munte, 115129 avril 1915. NOTES ET EXTRAITS POUR SERYIR A L'HISTOIRE DES CROISADES AU XVe SIECLE I. NOTES ET EXTRAITS POUR SERVIR A L'HISTOIRE DES CROISADES AVANT 1453. I. Hystoriadeconflictudato Saracenis per regem Caste le aput vilam de Tariffa1. Anno ab Incarnatione Domini MCCCXL, de mense oc- tubris, Saraceni ultra ducenta milia transierunt mare in Ys- paniam cum uxoribus et filijs, credentes totam terram chris- tianorum occupare. Sed rex Caste lle, cum alijs regibus chris- tianis de partibus illis, cum multis etiam peregrinis de regno Francie et Alamanie et de Ytalia congregatus, magnum con- flictum cum eis habuerunt.In quo conflictuultra centum millia Saracenorum interfecti sunt, et ultra viginti millia f e- minarum, de uxoribus eorum, interfecte sunt.Multi etiam captivi aducti sunt. Inter quos multi barones captivi presentati sunt domino Pape Benedicto XII in civitate Avinioni, ubi tune residebat. Ordinem vero prelij antedicti scripsit archiepiscopus toletanus, ut inferius continetur. Domine, ego,archiepiscopus tolletanus, vestra factura, me recommendo in vestri gratia (sic). Domine, jam missi vobis did (sic) qua die habebat recedere de isto loco de Ys- pali dominus noster rex ad terram Saracenorum, et hoc idem rex Portugalie cum eo, cum gentibus quas habebat. Et no- veritis quod recesserunt de Yspali die lune, XV huius mensis octobris, et ivit illa nocte ad manendum ad quemdam locum 1 Il s'agit de la victoire remportde par le roi de Castille Alphonse XI, b, Rio-Salado, centre les Maures de Benemarin et de Tlemcen, en 1340. Nous cro- yons cette lettre inddite. 4 NOTES ET EXTRAITS DOU11 SERVIRAVIIISTOME bES CROISADES qui vocatus Utrera. Et recessit inde sequenti die martis et ivit ad dormiendum ad quemdam locum qui vocatur Locar. Et sequenti die mercurij ad quemdam locum qui vocatur Tyos, et sequentidie jovis prope Yerintum, et die veneris applicuit ad quendam locum qui vocatur Guadalet, et ibi manserunt die sabbati et die dominica, et die lune etdie martis, ad expectandum gentes et ad accipiendum victualia. Et ibi concordaverunt reges mittere duos ambaxiatores ad regem de Benamarin, et miserunt sibi did quod, ex quo tam potentem regem se reputabat et transierat mare et modo tenebat sibi obsessam villam suam, quod velet exire ad cam- pum ad contligendurn cum eo.
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