DOCSLIB.ORG

XVIII a Sea Change and Spain: 1857

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
XVIII a Sea Change and Spain: 1857 XVIII A Sea Change and Spain 1857 (LETTERS 974 TO 1006) LEAVING NEw YoRK in the spring of 1857 Bryant was redeeming a promise made to his wife toward the end of his journey to the East in 1853: "I do not blame you for saying that you will never consent to my going to Europe again without you. I shall never for my part wish to do so." On each long excursion since he and Frances had taken their young daughters abroad in 1834 he had seen places they had hoped to visit together but had failed to do so because of his sudden recall to his newspaper. Now they would fill those gaps in shared experience. After revisiting Paris and Heidelberg, which by now Julia had nearly forgot­ ten, and exploring the Low Countries, familiar only to him, he would guide his family and his niece Estelle Ives across Switzerland and France to the Pyre­ nees and into Spain. Although their four-week sea voyage was occasionally rough, Bryant es­ caped seasickness for the first time, and they all enjoyed shipboard diversions­ shuffleboard and whist, guidebooks and novels, conundrums, and desultory conversations. Their fellow-passengers were congenial; Bryant particularly en­ joyed long conversations in French with a Catholic priest, Father Cenas, who had seen much of South America and was especially enthusiastic in his appraisal of Chileans, red and white. Reaching Le Havre at the end of May, the Bryants followed this itinerary: June I: Rouen; 2-19: Paris (excursion to Versailles); 20-22: Brussels; 23- 25: en route Amsterdam via Antwerp, Rotterdam, The Hague; 26-28: Amster­ dam (excursion to Zaandam); June 29-July 10: en route Heidelberg via Zwolle, Steenwijk, Leeuwarden, Groningen, Leer, Hamm, Deutz, Cologne, Bonn, Konigs­ winter, Koblenz, Wiesbaden, Frankfurt. July 11-19: Heidelberg; 20-21: en route Zurich via Freiburg, Basel, Walds­ hut, Schaffhausen; 22-26: Zurich (excursion to Schmerikon, Weesen, Bad Ragaz, Bad Pfiifers, Wallenstadt); July 27-August 5: en route Geneva via Horgen, Zug, Immensee, Kulm, Weggis, Lucerne, Aarburg, Olten, Bern, Thun, Lauter­ brunnen, Grindelwald, Interlaken, Boltigen, Zweisimmen, Saanen, Bulle, Vevey. August 6-16: Geneva (excursion to Chamonix); 17-22: en route Bagneres­ de-Luchon via Lyons, Nimes, Narbonne, Toulouse; August 23-September 8: Bagneres-de-Luchon. September 9-16: Bagneres-de-Bigorre (excursion to Luz, Lourdes); 17-24: Pau; 25-26: Bayonne; September 27-0ctober 4: San Sebastian. October 5-9: en route Burgos via Vergara, Vitoria, Briviesca; 10-13: Bur­ gos; 14-16: en route Madrid via Aranda, Cabanillas; October 17-November 17: Madrid. A Sea Change and Spain 407 November 18-30: en route Malaga via Albacete, Villena, Alicante, Murcia, Cartagena, Almeria. December 1-14: Malaga (excursion to Granada): 15-23: en route Marseilles via Oran, Algiers; 24-31: Marseilles. Bryant found great changes in Paris, beautified by new boulevards and public buildings being developed by Baron Haussmann under Napoleon III, whose plans for the sumptuous city made life there much dearer, and threatened to leave the poor man "hardly where to lay his head." While the ladies shopped, and their former Heidelberg friend Eva (Hepp) Mercier instructed the girls in French, Bryant saw pictures at the Louvre and at exhibitions, and talked with Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts, seeking recovery from bodily injuries suffered the previous year in Congress, and with American Minister John Young Mason, who mistook him for an obscure Virginia versifier and consequently was unaware of his visitor's identity as the caustic critic of his diplomatic quali­ fications four years earlier. Sumner praised the spas he had lately visited in the Pyrenees, increasing Bryant's desire to spend some time there. Leaving Paris, the party made short visits to the chief cities of Belgium and the Netherlands, and after crossing northern Holland by steamer, carriage, and canal boat, entered Germany at Emden and went by rail to Cologne and up the Rhine and the Neckar to Heidelberg. Along the way Bryant dutifully escorted his charges into the principal museums and churches, and passed a day in a pauper colony, but most of their time was spent in outdoor sightseeing. At Brussels they saw the zoo and the botanical garden and listened to a band con­ cert; they drove around the Antwerp docks and the Harmonce Gardens; from the Hague they went to the seashore at Scheveningen, where they caught the queen stepping from a bathing-machine for her morning bath, and dined at the fashionable bathhouse restaurant; in Amsterdam they wandered through the Brook Garden and the most absorbing zoo Bryant had ever seen. Crossing the Ems estuary into Hanover, their little steamer ran on a sandbar, causing them to miss the Cologne train at Emden. From Deutz on the Rhine they joined a religious procession crossing the boat bridge to Cologne, visiting the unfin­ ished cathedral and the ancient church of Saint Ursula, where Bryant was impressed by its display of the skulls of eleven thousand virgins behind glass, in a room whose walls consisted of their marrow bones! At Konigswinter they climbed the thousand-foot Drachenfels, Bryant afoot and the ladies on donkeys, for a sweeping view of the river, then took a steamer to Koblenz and went on to Wiesbaden. Here, served by "half a dozen German Naiads, two or three ... pretty," they drank hot mineral water tasting "a little like chicken broth." They sampled the waters as well at Langenschwalbach and Schlangenbad, and watched gamblers at their hotel, before visiting Frankfurt to see Goethe's birthplace and Danneker's statue of Ariadne on a Panther, then continued by rail to Heidelberg. It was hot, so they settled in the Prinz Karl Hotel for a quiet week, searching out such former friends as they could find. Unexpectedly, at their hotel they met Rev. Robert Waterston and his wife, the former Anna Cabot Lowell Quincy, of Boston, with their daughter Helen. This chance encounter marked the start of an intimacy with the Unitarian minis­ ter which would continue until the end of Bryant's life. As they followed the Neckar, or climbed the hills around Heidelberg, Bryant impressed his compan- 408 LETTERS OF WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT ion as possessing a "robust nobleness, with quiet repose," seeming a close and exact observer of nature, in the presence of which "a sense of beauty and har­ mony ... quivered through his whole being." Much as he admired Bryant's writings, Waterston thought the man "far more than the best that had proceeded from his pen." The Bryants and the Waterstons would meet again nine months later at Naples, under less happy circumstances. The Bryants had acquired a Dutch guide, John Bolender, fluent in English and somewhat addicted to drink, who would accompany them as far as Madrid. Passing through the Black Forest to Freiburg, where Bryant admired the cathedral spire and Holbein's Adoration in the choir, they spent a night at the old Hotel of the Three Kings overlooking the Rhine in Basel. They followed the river to the great falls at Schaffhausen, then went on to Zurich and sailed up its lake to enter the Alps at Bad Ragaz, where Bryant walked and the ladies rode a wagon to Pfafers high above. Crossing from Zurich to Lake Zug, they climbed Mount Rigi, Frances in a sedan chair and the rest on horseback­ though Bryant noted in his diary, "I walked the greater part of the way leaving the horse to my courier." After a night on the summit at Kulm, they awoke to trumpets calling them to enjoy a "clear, glorious view" of the snow-topped Alps at sunrise. Frances wilted in the heat while walking down toward Weggis on Lake Lucerne, but Cullen found her another chair, and they took a steamer to the city. On the mountain they had met Bryant's Sketch Club friend Beckwith, with whom they now walked the old wooden bridges of Lucerne, with their long-ranging frescoed gables, over the rushing waters of the Reuss, and paid their respects at Thorvaldsen's pathetic memorial to the Swiss Guards of 1792. At Bern they found Professor Hagen, self-exiled from Baden, who walked with them under the cool arcades and across the Aar to the comical bear pits, and took them through the new parliament buildings and an exhibition of indus­ trial arts which reinforced Bryant's respect for Swiss ingenuity and dexterity. On their way through the Bernese Oberland to Vevey the travelers spent two nights at Grindelwald, and here, below the towering white peak of the Jungfrau, Bryant walked on the glaciers and entered their grottoes of clear blue ice. Then, after a "sultry" night in the valley at Interlaken, where he was im­ patient with crowds of idle tourists-"we had not crossed the sea to see fine people," he wrote Christiana Gibson; "there are too many of them in New York"-he found a carriage for the trip over the Simmental to Saanen, and down to Vevey for the crossing by steamer to Geneva. Bryant found that city much changed, physically and politically, since his visit in 1849. The old walls had given way to gardens and boulevards and a handsome lakefront, and the city's patrician rulers were yielding control to a popular party; "The emancipated Catholics," Bryant observed, "are building themselves a magnificent church on the west side of the Rhone, and priests, in cocked hats and long black skirts, go hobbling about in the city of Calvin." He found acquaintances in Geneva, and conversed with an English botanist and his wife who collected and pressed rare plants, but he most enjoyed an excursion to Chamonix on the shoulder of Mount Blanc, where he climbed and wandered across the Mere de Glace.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Depictions of Fascism in Contemporary TV Drama
    Prace Kulturoznawcze 24, nr 4 | Wrocław 2020 https://doi.org/10.19195/0860-6668.24.4.4 Paweł Kaczmarski ORCID: 0000-0002-9488-0816 University of Wroclaw On the back burner: Depictions of fascism in contemporary TV drama Abstract: The article seeks to describe and examine one of the possible (and arguably increasingly popular) approaches to the subject of fascism in contemporary TV drama: a narrative strategy that is defined by its willingness to go beyond the depiction of fascism as the absolute political Other, but nonetheless aims to produce a compelling and thorough critique of fascism. This is largely achieved by turning the subject of fascism into an ostensibly non-central element of the plot. By examining a number of contemporary TV series (The Crown, The Man in the High Castle, Peaky Blinders, Pennyworth and The Knick), and drawing certain analogies to Jonathan Littell’s The Kindly Ones, I aim to showcase the narrative effectiveness of a thus defined “back-burner” strategy — while link- ing this effectiveness to the formal possibilities opened up by contemporaryTV drama. Keywords: fascism, alternative history, TV series, TV drama, The Man in the High Castle, Peaky Blinders, The Kindly Ones The article seeks to explain how a certain narrative strategy of approaching fascism in contemporary TV drama — one that goes beyond the idea of fascism as the absolute political Other, and avoids placing it at the very centre of the plot — may produce a type of anti-fascist critique that is at once narratively compelling and capable of avoiding some of the affective pitfalls associated with the subject.
    [Show full text]
  • Names on Customized Vehicle Registration Plates Bertie Neethling South Africa
    Bertie Neethling, South Africa 760 Lifestyle, Worldview and Identity: Names on Customized Vehicle Registration Plates Bertie Neethling South Africa Abstract Local provincial authorities in South Africa responsible for the licensing and registration of vehicles, introduced a system fairly recently whereby vehicle owners can acquire a personalized or individualized registration plate at extra cost. This is proving to be popular. This contribution takes a look at the motivation for the choices that go onto the plates with particular emphasis on lifestyle or worldview names. It is argued a) that this phenomenon should be seen as an integral part of popular culture in South Africa; b) that such manifestations should be considered as names and hence form part of the onomastic discipline, and c) that whatever choice is made, it in one way or another suggests a link to the preferred identity of the vehicle owner. It then also provides a welcome alternative to the somewhat dull numerical and impersonal option. The examples are mainly from the Western Cape, but data from other provinces also feature. The data was collected through personal interviews with vehicle owners. Information so gleaned was then transferred onto a basic questionnaire for further interpretation and analysis. *** Introduction The option of acquiring an individualized or personalized registration plate for one’s vehicle in South Africa is catching on and is growing rapidly. Ever since the local provincial authorities introduced this possibility, vehicle owners have exploited the options and are continuing to do so. It is a win-win situation: these registration plates come at a price, and hence the authorities are receiving extra revenue which could be put to use fruitfully within the transport and roads maintenance context.
    [Show full text]
  • Smart Cities
    Smart about Cities Forging Links for the Future Francis Pisani 1 Published by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), 7 place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France, and NETEXPLO, 264 rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré, 75008 Paris, France. © UNESCO and NETEXPLO, 2020 UNESCO’s ISBN 978-92-3-100386-8 This publication is available in Open Access under the Attribution ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by- sa/3.0/igo/). By using the content of this publication, the users accept to be bound by the terms of use of the UNESCO Open Access Repository (http://www.unesco. org/open-access/terms-use-ccbysa-en). Original title: Smart about Cities: Forging links for the future Published in 2020 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), 7 place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France, and NETEXPLO, 264 rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré, 75008 Paris, France. The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this pu- blication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors; they are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. Editing: Francis Pisani Cover photo: Getty Images Cover design, : Véronique Deshayes Typeset: Smart about Cities TISSER DES LIENS POUR LES VILLES DE DEMAIN Francis Pisani Acknowledgements As you know, this book was only able to see the light of day thanks to the infinite patience of those whose life and/or friendship I am lucky enough to share.
    [Show full text]
  • Agricultural and Horticultural Halls and Annexes
    www.e-rara.ch International exhibition. 1876 official catalogue Agricultural and horticultural halls and annexes United States Centennial Commission Philadelphia, 1876 ETH-Bibliothek Zürich Shelf Mark: Rar 20263: 3-4 Persistent Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.3931/e-rara-78195 Spain. www.e-rara.ch Die Plattform e-rara.ch macht die in Schweizer Bibliotheken vorhandenen Drucke online verfügbar. Das Spektrum reicht von Büchern über Karten bis zu illustrierten Materialien – von den Anfängen des Buchdrucks bis ins 20. Jahrhundert. e-rara.ch provides online access to rare books available in Swiss libraries. The holdings extend from books and maps to illustrated material – from the beginnings of printing to the 20th century. e-rara.ch met en ligne des reproductions numériques d’imprimés conservés dans les bibliothèques de Suisse. L’éventail va des livres aux documents iconographiques en passant par les cartes – des débuts de l’imprimerie jusqu’au 20e siècle. e-rara.ch mette a disposizione in rete le edizioni antiche conservate nelle biblioteche svizzere. La collezione comprende libri, carte geografiche e materiale illustrato che risalgono agli inizi della tipografia fino ad arrivare al XX secolo. Nutzungsbedingungen Dieses Digitalisat kann kostenfrei heruntergeladen werden. Die Lizenzierungsart und die Nutzungsbedingungen sind individuell zu jedem Dokument in den Titelinformationen angegeben. Für weitere Informationen siehe auch [Link] Terms of Use This digital copy can be downloaded free of charge. The type of licensing and the terms of use are indicated in the title information for each document individually. For further information please refer to the terms of use on [Link] Conditions d'utilisation Ce document numérique peut être téléchargé gratuitement.
    [Show full text]
  • Daxer & Marschall 2015 XXII
    Daxer & Marschall 2015 & Daxer Barer Strasse 44 - D-80799 Munich - Germany Tel. +49 89 28 06 40 - Fax +49 89 28 17 57 - Mobile +49 172 890 86 40 [email protected] - www.daxermarschall.com XXII _Daxer_2015_softcover.indd 1-5 11/02/15 09:08 Paintings and Oil Sketches _Daxer_2015_bw.indd 1 10/02/15 14:04 2 _Daxer_2015_bw.indd 2 10/02/15 14:04 Paintings and Oil Sketches, 1600 - 1920 Recent Acquisitions Catalogue XXII, 2015 Barer Strasse 44 I 80799 Munich I Germany Tel. +49 89 28 06 40 I Fax +49 89 28 17 57 I Mob. +49 172 890 86 40 [email protected] I www.daxermarschall.com _Daxer_2015_bw.indd 3 10/02/15 14:04 _Daxer_2015_bw.indd 4 10/02/15 14:04 This catalogue, Paintings and Oil Sketches, Unser diesjähriger Katalog Paintings and Oil Sketches erreicht Sie appears in good time for TEFAF, ‘The pünktlich zur TEFAF, The European Fine Art Fair in Maastricht, European Fine Art Fair’ in Maastricht. TEFAF 12. - 22. März 2015, dem Kunstmarktereignis des Jahres. is the international art-market high point of the year. It runs from 12-22 March 2015. Das diesjährige Angebot ist breit gefächert, mit Werken aus dem 17. bis in das frühe 20. Jahrhundert. Der Katalog führt Ihnen The selection of artworks described in this einen Teil unserer Aktivitäten, quasi in einem repräsentativen catalogue is wide-ranging. It showcases many Querschnitt, vor Augen. Wir freuen uns deshalb auf alle Kunst- different schools and periods, and spans a freunde, die neugierig auf mehr sind, und uns im Internet oder lengthy period from the seventeenth century noch besser in der Galerie besuchen – bequem gelegen zwischen to the early years of the twentieth century.
    [Show full text]
  • Housing, Tourism and the Real Estate Sector: the Spanish Mediterranean Coast
    HOUSING, TOURISM AND THE REAL ESTATE SECTOR: THE SPANISH MEDITERRANEAN COAST Fernando Díaz Orueta María Luisa Lourés (University of Alicante, Spain) (University of Alicante, Spain) [email protected] [email protected] ENHR Conference: Housing in an expanding Europe Ljubljana, Slovenia, 2-5 July 2006 Workshop 24: Cross-border Second Home Ownership HOUSING, TOURISM AND THE REAL ESTATE SECTOR: THE SPANISH MEDITERRANEAN COAST Abstract: Over the last years most of the Spanish Mediterranean Coast undergoes an enormous urban growth, mainly linked to the tourist and real estate sectors. Urbanization process is managed without any citizen participation and it’s causing irreparable environmental damages. Economic globalisation has affected strongly the real estate investments. Housing sector growth in the Mediterranean tourist areas cannot be understood taking into account only the Spanish investments. People from Britain, Germany and other Western European countries acquire thousands of new built housing units each year, fuelling a speculative dynamic supported by the local and regional authorities. Town planning legislation has been reformed in order to make the work of developers easier. The paper analyses the evolution of one of the most important Spanish tourist territories: the Alicante Coast ( Costa Blanca ). Located in the South East of the Iberian Peninsula, this region has undergone a dramatic demographic and economic growth, mainly based in the tourist and real estate industries. From a socio-spatial point of view, the resulting territory is severely segregated. Changes caused by this kind of urban development have affected deeply the local population: for instance, housing prices have risen spectacularly and, as a consequence, housing has become one of the most important problems for several social groups (young people, economic immigrants, etc) 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Von Greyerz Translated by Thomas Dunlap
    Religion and Culture in Early Modern Europe, 1500–1800 This page intentionally left blank Religion and Culture in Early Modern Europe, 1500–1800 kaspar von greyerz translated by thomas dunlap 1 2008 1 Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright # 2008 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Greyerz, Kaspar von. [Religion und Kultur. English] Religion and culture in early modern Europe, 1500–1800 / Kaspar von Greyerz ; Translated by Thomas Dunlap. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN: 978-0-19-532765-6 (cloth); 978-0-19-532766-3 (pbk.) 1. Religion and culture—Europe—History. 2. Europe—Religious life and customs. I. Title. BL65.C8G7413 2007 274'.06—dc22 2007001259 987654321 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper To Maya Widmer This page intentionally left blank Preface When I wrote the foreword to the original German edition of this book in March 2000, I took the secularized social and cultural cli- mate in which Europeans live today as a reason for reminding the reader of the special effort he or she had to make in order to grasp the central role of religion in the cultures and societies of early modern Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • Oberwil Im Simmental
    Verkaufsdokumentation Ferienheim „Gärbi“ Oberwil im Simmental Eigentümerin: Gemeinde Oberdiessbach Gemeindeplatz 1 Postfach 180 3672 Oberdiessbach 26. August 2013, ergänzte Fassung 2 Gemeinde Oberdiessbach – Ferienheim „Gärbi“ in Oberwil i.S. zu verkaufen Gemeinde Oberwil i.S. Zahlen Per 30.4.2013 : 820 Einwohner Gesamtflä che: 46 km 2 Steuern Steueranlage: 1. 74 Einheiten Liegenschaftssteuer: 1. 5 ‰ vom amtlichen Wert Die Gemeinde Oberwil i.S. besteht zu ca. 50 % aus Alpen und Weideland, 25 % sind Waldgebiet. Knapp die Hälfte der Einwohner ist in der Landwirtschaft tätig. Ein Grossteil davon ist auf Zu- und Nebenerwerbe angewiesen. Auf 23 Alpen werden über 2'400 Rinder und Kühe sowie einige hundert Schafe und Ziegen gesömmert. 10-20 Kleinbetriebe und Unternehmungen sorgen auch über die Ge- meindegrenzen hinaus für Arbeitsplätze, besonders auch als Nebenerwerb für die Landwirte. In der Gemeinde sind rund 97 Landwirtschaftsbetriebe registriert, die Mehrheit ist in der Milchwirtschaft tätig. Weitere Betriebsarten sind z.B. Mastbetriebe oder Schafbetriebe. Im Dienstleistungssektor bietet Oberwil eine Gemeindeverwaltung, eine Postagentur, die Raiffeisenbank und drei Lebensmit- telhandlungen nebst einer im ganzen Simmental bekannter Bäckerei. Geografische Lage Oberwil im Simmental (Berner Oberland) liegt 836 m ü Meer und ist in fünf Bäuerten aufgeteilt: Bun- schen, Oberwil, Hintereggen, Waldried und Pfaffenried. Nachbargemeinden sind Rüschegg, Därstet- ten, Diemtigen, Boltigen, Plaffeien und Guggisberg. Schule In Oberwil i.S. besuchen ca. 60 Kinder die Primarschule im 1912 erbauten Schulhaus, welches 2012 neu renoviert wurde. Kindergarten, Primar- und Realschule sind in Oberwil, die Sekundarschule be- findet sich in Erlenbach. Freizeitangebot Oberwil i.S. ist der Tourismusdestination Lenk-Simmental angeschlossen und bietet den Wandersleu- ten und Besuchern eine schöne gepflegte Landschaft, viele schöne, alte Bauten, interessante Höhlen und vieles mehr.
    [Show full text]
  • Languages, DNA, Relationship and Contacts
    S. A. Burlak Institute of Oriental Studies, Moscow Languages, DNA, relationship and contacts In this paper, language contacts are classified according to their results that can be observed by means of historical and comparative linguistics. Various types of bilingual contacts and of language shift are discriminated; they differ in the way they affect vocabulary, grammar and phonetics. These differences are connected with the demographic situation; thus, looking at a language that underwent contact influence, one can say what type of contact could have produced such results. Such information about prehistoric communities can help to reconcile linguistic evidence with archaeological and genetic data in order to produce a more detailed picture of the history of peoples and their languages. Keywords: language relationship, language contacts, language shift. In the beginning of the 20th century, Gustaf Kossinna (Kossinna 1911) put forward the hy- pothesis that material culture correlates with language and ethnicity, which is now known to be wrong (see e.g., Kuz’menko 2011). Ethnic identity need not fully correlate with either lan- guage or with genetic features, although there are, indeed, numerous cases of such a coinci- dence. There have been numerous attempts to reconcile linguistic data with archeological and genetical evidence (see especially Blench & Spriggs 1997, 1998, 1999a, 199b): e.g., Yu. Kuz’menko in his recent book about early Germans considers Werner’s law in Proto-Germanic as one of the traces of contacts between ancient Germans and Finno-Ugrians, corresponding to archaeologically documented contacts between Neolithic cultures of Northern Europe and the Pit-Comb Ware culture and genetically documented peoples having Indo-European hap- logroup R1a and Uralic haplogroup N (Kuz’menko 2011).
    [Show full text]
  • The Life of George Borrow by Herbert Jenkins</H1>
    The Life of George Borrow by Herbert Jenkins The Life of George Borrow by Herbert Jenkins This etext was produced by David Price, email [email protected], from the 1912 John Murray edition. THE LIFE OF GEORGE BORROW by Herbert Jenkins PREFACE During the whole of Borrow's manhood there was probably only one period when he was unquestionably happy in his work and content with his surroundings. He may almost be said to have concentrated into the seven years (1833-1840) that he was employed by the British and Foreign Bible Society in Russia, Portugal and Spain, a lifetime's energy and resource. From an unknown hack-writer, who hawked about unsaleable translations of Welsh and Danish bards, a travelling tinker and a vagabond Ulysses, he became a person of considerable importance. His name was acclaimed with praise and enthusiasm at page 1 / 665 Bible meetings from one end of the country to the other. He developed an astonishing aptitude for affairs, a tireless energy, and a diplomatic resourcefulness that aroused silent wonder in those who had hitherto regarded him as a failure. His illegal imprisonment in Madrid nearly brought about a diplomatic rupture between Great Britain and Spain, and later his missionary work in the Peninsula was referred to by Sir Robert Peel in the House of Commons as an instance of what could be achieved by courage and determination in the face of great difficulties. Those seven rich and productive years realised to the full the strange talents and unsuspected abilities of George Borrow's unique character.
    [Show full text]
  • Annex IV - Evolution of the Recognition Or Discrimination Against Autochthonist Valencians in the Last Thirty Years
    The Charter and the Valencian language: the point of view of the discriminated Valencian speakers Annex IV - Evolution of the recognition or discrimination against autochthonist Valencians in the last thirty years. Some significant facts IV.a) 1982-83. Officialization and subsequent loss of the official validation of the Valencian titles of Lo Rat Penat, which follow the autochthonist linguistic norms (Normes d’El Puig) In 1949, Lo Rat Penat officially opens the Section of Valencian Language and Culture Courses (Secció de Cursos de Llengua i Cultura Valencianes). During all these years the purpose of the courses has remained valid: to teach and to spread the Valencian language. The language titles of Lo Rat Penat were official in the early 80’s. The teachers who had this title had the official qualification to teach Valencian in the schools. However this titles stopped being official a short time later, as in the autonomic elections of 1982 the governing political party changed and they removed the officiality of them because of ideological reasons. IV.a.1 Officialization of the titles of Lo Rat Penat (DOGV 30/08/1982) In this Official Gazette of the Valencian Government (DOGV) are enumerated the conditions that teachers must meet to be able to teach classes of Valencian for the course 1982-1983. One of the necessary requirements is to be in possession of the qualification for teaching of Valencian, that could be obtained in Lo Rat Penat or the Grup d’Acció Valencianista (according to the autochthonist linguistic codification, the Norms of El Puig, or Normes d’El Puig) and in other entities such as the Institut de Ciències de l’Educació (annexationist linguistic model).
    [Show full text]
  • Bulls and Donkeys. National Identity and Symbols in Catalonia and Spain
    9TH ANNUAL JOAN GILI MEMORIAL LECTURE Miquel Strubell i Trueta Bulls and donkeys. National identity and symbols in Catalonia and Spain The Anglo-Catalan Society 2008 2 Bulls and donkeys. National identity and symbols in Catalonia and Spain 9TH ANNUAL JOAN GILI MEMORIAL LECTURE Miquel Strubell i Trueta Bulls and donkeys. National identity and symbols in Catalonia and Spain The Anglo-Catalan Society 2008 2 3 The Annual Joan Gili Memorial Lecture Bulls and donkeys. National identity and symbols in Catalonia and 1 Spain In this paper, after an initial discussion about what identity means and how to measure it, I intend to review some studies and events in Spain in which identity issues arise. The conclusion will be reached that identities in Spain, in regard to people’s relationship with Spain itself and with Catalonia, are by no means shared, and the level of both stereotyping and prejudice, on the one hand, and of collective insecurity (even “self-hatred”) on the other, are, I claim, higher than in consolidated nation-states of western Europe, with the partial exceptions of the United Kingdom and Belgium. Let me from the outset say how honoured I am, in having been invited to deliver this paper, to follow in the footsteps of such outstanding Catalan academics as Mercè Ibarz, Antoni Segura, Joan F. Mira, Marta Pessarrodona, Miquel Berga … and those before them. The idea of dedicating what up till then had been the Fundació Congrés de Cultura lectures to the memory of Joan Gili (Barcelona 1907 - Oxford 1998) was an inspiration. Unlike some earlier Memorial lecturers, however, I was fortunate enough to have a special personal relationship with him and, of course, with his wife Elizabeth.
    [Show full text]