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2010 Unesco Jahr Von Marko Antun De Dominis IDSTEIN 29.09.2010 Idsteiner Mittwochsgesellscaft Ausländerbeirat der Stadt Idstein Kroatische Kulturgemeinschaft Wiesbaden e. V. 2010 UNESCO JAHR VON MARKO ANTUN DE DOMINIS 450-Jahrestag der Geburt von Marko Antun de Dominis, Philosoph und Wissenschaftler (ܐ1560 -†1624) Marko Antun de Dominis spielte in der intellektuellen Welt an der Wende vom 16. Jh. zum 17. Jh. eine wichtige Rolle auf dem Gebiet der Naturwissenschaften und Theologie. Er war Bischof von Senj und später Erzbischof von Split. Sein Amt bestimmte der Konflikt zwischen zwei Interpretationen des Christentums und der Lehre von Christus, was mit der Frage der Kirchenorganisation und nicht seltenen dem Missbrauch der Kirchenherrschaft und eben der Päpste verbunden war. Er versuchte einen Weg zu finden, um die zukünftige europäische Religionstrennung und Konflikte wie z.B. den Dreißigjährigen Krieg zu verhindern. Wenn man nur diesen Aspekt in Betracht zieht, kommt man zur Erkenntnis der Größe einer solchen Persönlichkeit. Marko Antun de Dominis (1560 -1624) war auch ein der Pioniere in der Physikforschungen, auf dem Gebiet der Optik und der Lichtbrechung. Auf diesem Gebiet veröffentlichte er im Jahr 1611 unter dem Titel: “Tractatus de radiis visus et lucis, perspectivis et iride” eine epochale Wissenschaftsarbeit, die einen großen Einfluss auf die zukünftige Forschungen der Optik hatte. Diese Wissenschaftsarbeit wurde später von Isaac Newton gepriesen und auch zitiert. Aber uns interessieren die historischen und theologischen Fragen im Rahmen des Dialogs zwischen Katholizismus und Protestantismus, denn die Hauptcharakteristik Europas an der Wende vom 16. zum 17. Jh. war die Religionstrennung zwischen dem europäischen katholischen Süden und dem protestantischen Norden. Marco Antonio de Dominis alias Jesuitenseminar in Padua ging Marco jedoch auf seiner Arbeit in Padua. Marcantun alias Marc Anthony de Antonio de Dominis nach Brescia, wo Einige seiner Forschungen in Physik, Dominis wurde 1560 auf der Insel er als Professor der humanistischen besonders in der Optik, die 1611 Rab in der nördlichen Adria geboren. und der Natur-wissenschaften tätig veröffentlicht wurden ( "Tractatus de Marco Antonio wurde an das war, z.B. der Philosophie, Rhetorik radiis visus et lucis in vitris, Collegium Illyricum in Novara und Logik. Sein heutiger Ruf beruht perspectivis et iride"), erhielten geschickt, um dort das jesuitische breiten Beifall und wurden sowohl Priesterseminar zu besuchen. 1588 Jahrhundert eine Revolution ein, welche von Newton wie auch später von J. wechselte er nach Padua, um dort die westliche Wissenschaft auf dem Boden W. von Goethe gepriesen. Philosophia naturalis (Mathematik) fassbarer Tatsachen ordnete. Ziel seiner Bemühungen war die „Instauratio magna“, zu unterrichten. Seine Vorlesungen die große Erneuerung der Philosophie und 1596 wurde de Dominis, durch den wurden wegen seines neuartigen der Wissenschaften, auf der Grundlage Einfluß von Kaisers Rudolf II, als Zugangs zur Wissenschaft sehr „unverfälschter Erfahrung“ durch Bischof von Zengg (Senj) und populär und von vielen Studenten Beobachtung und Experiment und damit Modruã in Dalmatien ernannt. die Ablösung der scholastischen Methode besucht. Auch seine allgemeine der Spekulation durch das Prinzip des In dieser Zeit wurde ein schmuziges Wissenschaftsanschauung war zu Empirismus, welche die Naturgesetze auf diplomatisches Spiel zwischen dieser Zeit an der Wende vom 16. mathematische Weise zu behandeln sucht. Venedig und den Habsburgern zum 17. Jh. sicher eine Revolution in Solcherart wurde Bacon zum Wegbereiter gespielt, in welchem die Stadt Senj der Naturwissenschaften. In seinem der Tradition von Galileo Galilei und „Novum organum scientiarum“ beschrieb eine sehr wichtige Rolle spielte. Die Giordano Bruno. Auf dem Gebiet der er ein differenziertes Verfahren der Wichtigkeit dieser Rolle wurde Naturwissenschaften, der Mathematik Induktion und entwarf eine systematische insbesondere nach ersten Angriffen und Physik, spricht man über seine Darstellung möglicher Urteilstäuschungen der Türken ersichtlich, als im Jahr durch Trugbilder. Zweck der Weltoffenheit. Bekannt sind auch Naturerkenntnis, so seine 1469 in Senj eine Militärfestung seine Übersetzngen Francis Bacons Weltanschauung, ist die Beherrschung der gebaut wurde, die als Kern eines ins Italienische.1 Nach dem Natur und ihre Nutzbarmachung zur später gebauten Verteidigungssystems Vervollkommnung der Kultur. In seinem die Militärgrenze gegen die Türken Roman „Nova Atlantis“ schildert Bacon 1 Der englische Denker und Staatsmann einen auf diesem Weg entworfenen, sein sollte. Über dieses vom Kroaten Francis Bacon (1561–1626) leitete im 16. technisch perfekten Zukunftsstaat. bewohnte Gebiet verlor das Land 1 Kroatien im 16. Jahrhundert die Territorium er lebte. sich auf seiner Rückreise nach Rom Herrschaft. Am 22. Juni 1593 fand befand. auch bei Sissek (heute Sisak) der Im Europa des ausgehenden 16. Jh. Schlacht zwischen der Kroaten auf und beginnenden 17. Jh. existierten Den dritten Weg beschrieb er in Seite der Habsburger Monarchie und zwei inzwischen in sich geschlossene seiner Republica Ecclesiastica. Nach dem Osmanischen Reich statt. Bei und voneinander getrennte kulturell- der Vision und Meinung von Dominis Sissek wurde erstmalig das religiöse Kreise. Diese teilten zwar sollte dieser dritte Weg eine Vordringen des osmanischen einen gemeinsamen Ursprung, synthetische Kompilation der Eroberungszuges gestoppt. Aber statt kannten sich jedoch gegenseitig nicht Theologie und des Dogmatismus eine Reconquista in den kroatischen an und bezichtigten die jeweils andere beider Konfessionskirchen und ihrer Ländern einzuleiten, wurde das Seite der Häresie. Denn diese zwei Institutionen darstellen, die vereinigt kroatische Heer (zwanzigtausend kulturell-religiösen Systeme hatten werden müssten. Der Grund für diese Reiter) in den Kampf gegen die verschiedene Prämissen und geplante Vereinigung war nicht Protestanten geschickt. Die konkurrierten miteinander. In diesem politisch, Dominis beschäftigte sich Habsburger richteten als Schutz Kampf suchte man für alle nicht direkt mit den Konflikten mit lediglich eine militärische Grenzzone dogmatischen Fragen in der dem Osmanischen Reich, obwohl die zu Bosnien und Serbien ein, bewohnt Theologie nach Antworten. Die Angriffe der Türken ganz in der Nähe durch Wehrbauern, in der Regel Fragen des vatikanischen von Split stattfanden, sondern es orthodoxen Flüchtlinge aus dem Dogmatismus und des handelte sich dabei um eine Reform osmanischen Reich. Diese nordeuropäischen Protestantismus der ganzen Kirche, die er auch für die Militärgrenze, später als Krajina wurden auf verschiedene Weise in von Türken besetzten Gebiete bekanant spielte bis ins 20 beantwortet. Das war auch der Grund lebenden Christen durchführen Jahrhundert eine verhängnissvolle des Religionskonflikts zur Zeit von wollte. Ziel all dieser Bemühungen Rolle, zuletzt in den Kriegen nach Mark Antun de Dominis. Vor und von De Dominis ist nicht die dem Zerfall Jugoslawiens. nach seinem Tod wurde seine Restauration einer großen Kirche als Weltoffenheit und friedensstiftende die dominante religiöse Institution De Domins wurde durch die römische Stimme im Umfeld des Dreißig- ganz Europas. Vielmehr ging es um Kurie vom Senj nach Split entsandt jährigen Krieges nicht gehört. Diese den Versuch einer allgemeinen und dort (November, 1602) auf Tatsache wird klar in einem von Reform der Kirche, die dann seiner spezielles Verlangen des Kapitols von seinen Briefen aus Brüssel, auf Meinung nach zurück zum Urglauben Split, zum Erzbischoff und damit seinem Rückweg nach Rom, in und zu den Quellen der patristischen auch zum Primas und Vizekönig von welchem er über den Frieden Kirche früher Zeit als Fortsetzung der Kroatien, ernannt. Von Bevölkerung zwischen verschiedenen christlichen Lehre Christi. Um ein solches Ziel zu in Split wurde er mit Begeisterung (“Religionen”), oder besser erreichen, sollte man hoch in der empfangen. Er war der erste Kroate, verschiedenen christlichen Denomi- Kirchenhierarchie klettern können, der diesen Posten nach fast 200 nationen spricht, sowie auch in vielen denn nur eine starke Persönlichkeit Jahren venetianischer Herrschaft anderen Briefen aus der mit starken geistlichen und erhielt. Er nutzte seinen Einfluss als Korrespondenz mit Bischof von intellektuellen Eigenschaften könnten Erzbischoffs in Split, um sich um die Exeter (Provinz Counterbury), Joseph nach Dominis, eine solche Idee, die Landwirtschaft und um Hall, während seiner Zeit in England. Vereinigung der beiden Bildungsförderung im Lande zu De Dominis formulierte zu Beginn Kircheninstitutionen, realisieren. Sein kümmern. Seine Arbeit ließ sich gut seines Konfliktes mit dem Papst Paul Charisma einer starken Persönlichkeit an, die letzten Jahre seiner Zeit in V. die Frage, -welche Kirche die gab ihm zunächst die Gelegenheit, in Split, waren jedoch durch richtige Kirche des Christus sei. Am der Hierarchie der römischen Kirche Streitigkeiten und Konflikte mit Ende wählte er einen dem Papsttum sehr schnell vorwärts zu kommen. seinem eigenen konservativen Klerus und römischem Katholizismus Erst als Professor an den gekennzeichnet. Aus dessen Reihen gegensätzlichen Weg, den des verschiedenen italienischen gingen auch die ersten Protestantismus des englischen Hofes Universitäten, dann als Bischof von Denunziationen an die römische und Königs James I., unter dessen Senj. Diese Periode seines Amtes als Inquisition hervor. Befehl die Bibel in die englische Bischof in Senj war durch seine Sprache übersetzt
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