TheThe ModernModern Anglo±DutchAnglo±Dutch EmpireEmpire itsits Origins,Origins, EvolutionEvolution && OutlookOutlook by Robert D. Ingraham The Modern Anglo-Dutch Empire: its Origins, Evolution, and Anti-Human Outlook by Robert D. Ingraham Dedication & Acknowledgments This work is dedicated to my wife of 28 years, Andrea Joy Ingraham Special acknowledgments to Lyndon H. LaRouche, Jr., whose writings influenced almost every part of this work, and to historians, H. Graham Lowry, Anton Chaitkin, and Alan Salisbury. Table of Contents Preface ............................................................................................................ p. 1 Chapter 1 - The bestial view of Man: from Rome to Venice .............................. p. 7 Chapter 2 - The Venetian Empire, before and after the Council of Florence ..... p. 11 Chapter 3 - The Giovani revolution ................................................................. p. 16 Chapter 4 - Sarpi©s web .................................................................................. p. 20 Chapter 5 - Empiricism against the Renaissance ............................................ p. 25 Chapter 6 - The legal theorists of the oligarchical model ................................. p. 37 Chapter 7 - The new Venice in Amsterdam ...................................................... p. 49 Chapter 8 - Money, Speculation & Gambling ................................................... p. 55 Chapter 9 - The Anglo-Dutch Empire .............................................................. p. 61 Chapter 10 - The nature of the Beast ................................................................. p. 68 Chapter 11 - The Commonwealth in America ..................................................... p. 79 Chapter 12 - Richard Nixon©s treason: the post-1971 world ................................. p. 87 Appendix 1 ± Paolo Sarpi: Pensieri #146 ............................................................. p. 92 Appendix 2 - Excerpts from Franklin Roosevelt .................................................. p. 94 Appendix 3 - A Temple of Hope; a Beacon of Liberty............................................. p.101 * Bibliography ...................................................................................................... p.102 Index ................................................................................................................. p.107 © August, 2008, by Robert D. Ingraham On the Cover ± The Little Tower of Babel, Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen © "In nations which have made a false commencement, it would be found that the citizen, or rather the subject, has extorted immunity after immunity, as his growing intelligence and importance have both instructed and required him to defend those particular rights which were necessary to his well-being. A certain accumulation of these immunities constitutes... the essence of European Liberty, even at this hour. It is scarcely necessary to tell the reader that this freedom, be it more or less, depends on a principle entirely different from our own. Here the immunities do not proceed from, but they are granted to the government, being, in other words, concessions of natural rights made by the people to the state, for the benefit of social protection. So long as this vital difference exists between ourselves and other nations, it will be vain to think of finding analogies in their institutions. The mildest and justest governments in Europe are, at this moment, theoretically despotisms." James Fenimore Cooper The Bravo 1 Preface This is a book about Empire. In one sense, its main focus is on the modern manifestation of Empire, i.e., the misunderstood Anglo-Dutch System, which was born in the late 16th century, and came into maturity between 1688-1763. That empire is still very much with us today. In another sense, this book deals with the basic question of the nature of Empire itself, not any particular empire, but the ongoing oligarchical idea of Empire. Most people today think of empires as something of the past. Were that only true, the world presently would be in a much happier condition. Whether you realize it or not, the issue of Empire, and the human race's long struggle to free itself from Empire is the most critical political concern facing us today. We are currently confronted with a profound economic and strategic crisis, and defeating the current schemes of the Empire is now a matter of life or death for humanity. Much of this book is very detailed, with names and places that may not be familiar to many. I urge you to be patient, and to work your way through the material. The sections on Rome, Salamanca, John Locke, Empiricism, and banking may seem tedious, but hopefully, when you are finished, you will understand that Empire is the mortal enemy of humanity, and that the historical mission of the United States is to eliminate that enemy once and for all. * * * * * Virtually all modern academically-approved histories are incompetent. That statement will probably provoke some PhD recipients to dismiss the following work out of hand, but there are two legitimate reasons for making such a claim. The first reason is the pervasive failure of accredited American, as well as European, historians to appreciate the profound importance of the American Revolution, and the axiomatic species-difference between the American constitutional republic and the British Empire, a difference which persists down to the present day. The evidence of this failure is perhaps most glaring in the almost universal inability, or unwillingness, to distinguish between the American methods of national banking and the constitutional issuance of currency, contrary to the European system of private central banking. The second failure of modern historians is the almost universal contamination of historical analysis with a mechanistic-fatalist approach. This latter flaw is particularly obvious with Marxist, as well as various neo/pseudo-Marxist types, but the same condemnation can be made of the Chicago and Vienna schools© incompetent view of impersonal ªmarket forces.º Philosophically, the followers of both Marx and Von Hayek, as well as their many and varied derivatives, are identical in their empirical-mechanistic methodology. In truth, the subject of history is Man, yet the university libraries are satiated with history books, which evade the most basic obvious question: What is man©s nature which sets him apart from the lower beasts, allows him to create both science and great symphonies, and to increase his mastery over the planet? Or to put it more plainly, what is it about man that allows him to even hypothesize about human history, since monkeys, donkeys and whales have no such capability? How can anyone write a competent history of mankind, without even addressing that question? How does one understand Man©s history, and the long periods of progress, and retrogression which have characterized it, unless one starts with the fundamental question: What does it mean to be human? The literary journals are full of articles, written by university professors who write like bad-imitation Joe Fridays: ªJust the Facts.º But in reality, such factuality produces lies, because of what it leaves out. This problem has become much worse with the advent of the so-called ªinformation society,º a false reality in which real history is butchered by the ªfact-checkersº of Wikipedia, and their ilk. This book does not pretend to be a ªhistory of the human race from beginning to end,º nor does it 2 make any claims of profundity in the realms of science or philosophy, but, if we return to the question, ªWhat is it in Man©s nature which sets him apart from the lower beasts?,º as we work our way through the history and nature of the Anglo-Dutch Empire, hopefully some glimmers of understanding will come forth. The subject of this work is the millenia-long struggle of the human race to free itself from Empire: to free itself politically, economically, culturally, and morally. Not from any particular empire, such as the Ottomans or the Persians, but from the continuing ontological reality of an ongoing oligarchical idea of Empire, the which, continues to infest this world in our 21st century. The specific focus at hand is the modern Anglo-Dutch System of empire, because that is the one we are currently threatened by. The majority of this writing will concentrate on how this monstrosity came into existence and consolidated its power. Hence the years from 1582 to 1763 will require most of our attention. However, the rise of Venetian power after 1100, as well as the 19th and 20th centuries© British targeting of the American Republic, will also be examined, but not with the same depth of historical detail. The specific structures of the Anglo-Dutch System have evolved over time, but the axiomatic nature of the modern oligarchical empire was complete by 1763. My purpose here is to report on the origins of that Anglo-Dutch System, and to provide insight into its evil nature. Human voluntarism All of recorded human history encompasses a centuries-long fight between those who view man as a noble creature, as Genesis says: ªmade in the Creator©s image,º versus the oligarchic view of man as a beast, expendable, a ªworthless wretch.º All human progress has emanated from champions of the first view; empires result from proponents of the second view. To be clear, this is not a connect-the- dots conspiracy theory of history; this is a question of axiomatic views as to the