PARTIES in the AMERICAN ELECTORATE Gregory J. Wolf A

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

PARTIES in the AMERICAN ELECTORATE Gregory J. Wolf A PARTIES IN THE AMERICAN ELECTORATE Gregory J. Wolf A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Political Science. Chapel Hill 2015 Approved by: James A. Stimson Frank R. Baumgartner Thomas M. Carsey Michael B. MacKuen Christopher Wlezien c 2015 Gregory J. Wolf ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT GREGORY J. WOLF: Parties in the American Electorate. (Under the direction of James Stimson) Political scientists know a lot about the opinion dynamics of the electorate as a whole, yet relatively little is known about the dynamics of mass parties. Much interesting distinct variation between the parties in the electorate is covered up through aggregation. This dis- sertation seeks to provide a better understanding of the American political system by incor- porating measures of partisan opinion liberalism into distinct theories and models of macro politics. The dissertation project is based on measures of partisan policy mood, which gauge the demand for more or less liberal policy relative to the status quo for Democrats, Republicans, and independents in the electorate from 1951 through 2012. In the first empirical chapter I discuss the collection of these data and the process of creating annual estimates of policy mood for Democrats, Republicans, and independents in the electorate. I also provide an in-depth analysis of the over-time differences between the symbolic and operational ideologies for these three groups. There are clear distinc- tions between the symbolic and operational ideologies of Republicans and independents in the electorate, but remarkable consistency between these two conceptions of ideology for Democrats. The second empirical chapter applies the thermostatic model of opinion change to Democrats and Republicans in the electorate. The theory predicts similar opinion dynam- ics for Democrats and Republicans over time. While the findings support the prediction of parallel publics, the mechanism through which Democrats and Republicans respond to change differs; Democrats are responsive to changes in public policy, whereas Republicans are responsive to party control of government. Importantly, it does not appear as though iii policy significantly contributes to mass party polarization. I wrap up this chapter with a discussion on how the perceptions of policy held by Democrats and Republicans in the electorate can lead to the inference of mass party polarization even when the preferences of both sets of partisans are congruent and stable. The third empirical chapter focuses on representation. I develop a micro theory of par- tisan representation based on a member of Congress’ electoral calculus to develop macro level expectations about policy responsiveness to partisan opinion. The findings indicate that policy is responsive to the opinion of the majority party’s mass partisans, while inde- pendents and mass partisans of the out-party do not see their preferences translated into public policy. The finding contradicts research on representation of the mass electorate, but adds to the growing literature on the representation of sub-aggregate groups and represen- tational inequality in the electorate. iv To my parents. v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First, I would like to thank my advisor, Jim Stimson, for his encouragement, support, and, most of all, patience on this dissertation. Without Jim’s guidance and comments, of- ten humbling, this dissertation would not be possible. I would also like to thank Frank Baumgartner, Tom Carsey, Mike MacKuen, and Chris Wlezien for serving as committee members and their thoughtful comments on the project. Beyond the committee, I should also thank Peter Enns and Nate Kelly for their comments and encouragement, and David Barker for sparking my interest in political science when I was a freshman at the Univer- sity of Pittsburgh way back in the fall of 2003. I am also thankful to the Department of Political Science at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Tom Uhlman for their financial support throughout this entire process. I would also like to thank my friends and family who have been instrumental at various stages of this dissertation, either by providing feedback or helping to take my mind off of the project. This is especially true of three of my fellow cohort members, Derek Epp, Amanda Grigg, and John Lovett. A special thanks goes to Derek for putting up with me for five years while we shared a very nice apartment. My parents and siblings were always there for me, despite not really ever understanding what it was I was doing. Others I’d like to thank for reasons personal and/or professional include Will Winecoff, Alex Parets, Kevin Banda, Nick Howard, Harry Kane, Paul Simon, Warren Zevon, and Hilary Chi. Obrigado, rock on mates. vi LIST OF TABLES 2.1 Correlations of Between Thre GSS Spending Items by Party………………………...… 12 2.2 Correlations of Issue Series with Estimated Partisan Moods: First Dimension………… 15 4.1 Partisan Mood Responsiveness…………………………………………………............. 50 5.1 Policy Responsiveness to Opinion in the House………………………………………… 77 5.2 Policy Responsiveness to Opinion in the Senate………………………………………... 83 A.1 Policy Responsiveness to the Reelection Constituency………………………………… 96 A.2 VIFs for Table 5.1………………………………………………………………………. 99 A.3 VIFs for Table 5.2……………………………………………………………………... 100 A.4 Policy Responsiveness to Independent Mood………………………………………..… 102 A.5 Full ECM of Table 5.1……………………………………………………………….… 103 A.6 Full ECM of Table 5.2…………………………………………………………………. 104 A.7 Short Run Effects of Policy Responsiveness in the House…………………………….. 105 A.8 Short Run Effects of Policy Responsiveness in the Senate……………………………. 106 A.9 Koyck Estimation of Policy Responsiveness in the House…………………………….. 107 A.10 Koyck Estimation of Policy Responsiveness in the Senate……………………………. 108 x LIST OF FIGURES 2.1 Three GSS Series: Liberalism Index………………………………………………………. 11 2.2 Partisan Moods…………………………………………………………………………….. 16 3.1 Proportion of Symbolic Ideologies by Party Identification……………………………….. 22 3.2 Symbolic Ideology by Party Identification………………………………………………... 25 3.3 Operational Ideology by Party Identification…………………………………………...… 28 3.4 Operational and Symbolic Ideology………………………………………………………. 29 4.1 Hypothetical Partisan Distribution of Preferences……………………………………….... 36 4.2 Policy and Relative Preference Change from t to t+1…………………………………….. 37 4.3 Party Control and Relative Preferences Change from t to t+1……………………………. 43 4.4 Policy Liberalism and Presidential Partisanship………………………………………….. 47 5.1 Congressional Activity Liberalism………………………………………………………... 75 xi 1 INTRODUCTION “Identification with a party raises a perceptual screen through which the indi- vidual tends to see what is favorable to his partisan orientation.” ∼ Campbell, Converse, Miller, and Stokes (1960) Party identification is defined as an attachment that citizens have to a political party (Campbell et al. 1960; Green, Palmquist, and Schickler 2002). It is a lens through which citizens view the political world and shapes how they not only perceive the political en- vironment, but how they navigate it (Berelson, Lazarsfeld, and McPhee 1954; Campbell et al. 1960; Stokes 1966; Shively 1979; Niemi and Jennings 1991; Page and Shapiro 1992; Bartels 2000, 2002; Green, Palmquist, and Schickler 2002; Cohen 2003; Kam 2005; Berin- sky 2007; Lewis-Beck, Jacoby, Norporth, and Weisberg 2008; Lenz 2012). In collecting political information, citizens tend to accept what is in agreement with their partisan pre- conceptions, and reject what is not (Zaller 1992). Further, the vast literature on motivated reasoning (e.g. Taber and Lodge 2006; Taber, Cann, and Kucsova 2009) suggests that parti- sanship highlights specific cues in information processing that biases political perceptions. These blue or red lenses might result in distinctive differences in sub-aggregate group opin- ion change between Democrats and Republicans in the electorate. In addition to shaping opinion, partisanship might affect how opinion changes, and in consequence how opinion is represented. Recently scholars have begun to uncover great disparities in the representation of sub-aggregate groups in the American electorate (e.g. Bartels 2008; Gilens 2005; Kelly 2009; Enns and Wlezien 2011), and there is no reason to think that this may not extend to the representation of partisans wearing red or blue. Much interesting distinct variation between the parties in the electorate may be covered up through aggregation. The causes, dynamics, and consequences of changes in partisan opinion are important for understanding the political environment, especially in an era of party polarization. In this dissertation I seek to provide a better understanding of the American political system. First, I turn to a brief discussion partisanship and public opinion in the literature. 1.1 Partisanship and Public Opinion in the Literature The authors of The American Voter (Campbell et al. 1960) suggest that partisanship has perhaps the most important influence on citizens political attitudes and behavior in Ameri- can politics. In this seminal work these authors argue that partisanship is relatively stable, though it can be altered by contemporaneous events. Fiorina (1981) further argues that partisanship is a running tally, by which citizens update their partisanship through a con- tinuous evaluation of the parties based on current and past events and is more variable than
Recommended publications
  • Christmas Presents (1)” of the Robert T
    The original documents are located in Box 15, folder “President - Christmas Presents (1)” of the Robert T. Hartmann Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Copyright Notice The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald Ford donated to the United States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections. Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Digitized from Box 15 of the Robert T. Hartmann Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library THE WHITE HOUSE WASJ:iiNCJTOM .) 'lr1/f<1 Mr. Hartmann: .f f·' J*f<vj Dorothy says the ~r~sidentJ wants these letters out TODAY if the letter meets your approval. Dorothy has ordered the additional calculators. Should Congressman McFall also receive one? ~eta i ,9-_/J ~;'1 t/ cz ·. { 0 r . ll"3L\D . - 3501 . 531 OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT WASHINGTON, D.C. From the President: To: a.m. p.m. Dear ~~~~~~~~~~ On my recent trip to the Far East, I just had to squeeze in enough personal time in a very tight schedule, to allow me to find this little Christmas gift and souvenir of Japan for you.
    [Show full text]
  • Announce Quotas Blackout On
    , " I ...... .. '.' , .' ,•• I " .• ;•.:." t;,. :.:. _ .:........,:,:.:'J- ...:.'.~ i ...:. ' .... ',' ~~."'.t _' _.'~_~' .._ ' .... .... ...... ,., .. , ". " ... 10.. "'. "- ' .. ". 'l,. ..... ..... .. ... "'. .. - ...... .. f; All the News of All the Pointes Every Thursday Morning rosse Pointe• ~ws Complete News Coverage of All the Pointes Home 01 the NetDI Vol. 29-No. 42 Entered as Second Class lIlatler at lOcPerCoPJ' the Post Office at Detrol!, Michigan. GROSSE POINTE, MICHIGAN, Thursday, October 17, 1968 ~,OO Per Year 28 Pages-Two Sections-Section On. .. <j> IIEADLINES Foundation For Exceptional Children Honors Artists Local Torch Drive Negotiating 01 the Now; News WEEK As Compiled by the Announce Quotas Blackout On Grosse Pointe N eW$ Grosse Pointe Education For '68 Campaign Association Rejects Re- Thursday, October 10 port Of Leon J. DETROIT TIGER PITCHER Herman Mickey Lolich will face Cardi- House-to-House Solicitation Residential Unit Goal is nal pitcher Bob Gib~on today $410,184; Community Bu~iness Goal is $49,780 I By Pepper Whitelaw in St. Louis for the decisive seventh game in the World Chairmen for the Eastem Wayne Community resi- A digni~ied m~n, with a Series. Each has won twice in dential and business campaigns were handed quotas soft but flr1?1 VOice, asked the Series. St. Louis is fa. this week as the 1968 Torch Drive got underway with to b~ recognIZed at the con. vored 8.5. torchlighting ceremonies and a kickoff luncheon. The clusIOn of the regl~lar •• $ residential unit chairman, Mrs. William W. Peattie, of agenda of the G~osse POl~te GEORGE C, WALLACE told Grosse Pointe Farms, will seck $410,184 through house.
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 112 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION
    E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 112 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION Vol. 157 WASHINGTON, MONDAY, JULY 18, 2011 No. 107 House of Representatives The House met at noon and was We ask Your blessing upon this as- PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE called to order by the Speaker pro tem- sembly and upon all to whom the au- The SPEAKER. Will the gentleman pore (Mr. SIMPSON). thority of government is given. Help from South Carolina (Mr. WILSON) f them to meet their responsibilities come forward and lead the House in the during these days, to attend to the im- Pledge of Allegiance. DESIGNATION OF SPEAKER PRO mediate needs and concerns of the mo- TEMPORE Mr. WILSON of South Carolina led ment, all the while enlightened by the the Pledge of Allegiance as follows: The SPEAKER pro tempore laid be- majesty of Your creation and Your I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the fore the House the following commu- eternal Spirit. United States of America, and to the Repub- nication from the Speaker: We give You thanks that we all can lic for which it stands, one nation under God, WASHINGTON, DC, know and share the fruits of Your Spir- indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. July 18, 2011. it, especially in this time the virtues of I hereby appoint the Honorable MICHAEL K. tolerance and reconciliation, of justice f SIMPSON to act as Speaker pro tempore on and righteousness, of goodwill and un- this day. derstanding, of patience and loving DELAYING ON THE DEBT JOHN BOEHNER, care for others.
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 104 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION
    E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 104 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION Vol. 142 WASHINGTON, WEDNESDAY, MAY 15, 1996 No. 68 House of Representatives The House met at 9 a.m. WELCOMING THE REVEREND REES and civic activity. I am grateful that The Reverend Rees F. Warring, sen- F. WARRING Reverend Warring could lead us in ior pastor, Elm Park United Methodist (Mr. MCDADE asked and was given prayer today. He is a man who has en- Church, Scranton, PA, offered the fol- permission to address the House for 1 riched countless lives through his spir- lowing prayer: minute and to revise and extend his re- itual and community leadership. God of all people and nations, You marks.) And, my friends, on a personal note, who created and are still creating, may Mr. MCDADE. Mr. Speaker, let me I would like to extend on behalf of all we be willing partners of Your cre- begin by saying how nice it is too see of us a most happy 58th birthday today ation. Help us to be merciful and just, so many familiar faces in the Chamber to Reverend Warring. compassionate and caring, that this this morning. We are delighted that so f will be a more merciful and just, com- many of our colleagues are here, and of RECESS passionate and caring world. We pray course we all welcome you back to this that the quality of all life will be bet- magnificent House. The SPEAKER. Pursuant to clause 12 ter because of the way we live and Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Presidential Files; Folder: 5/2/78 [2]; Container 73
    5/2/78 [2] Folder Citation: Collection: Office of Staff Secretary; Series: Presidential Files; Folder: 5/2/78 [2]; Container 73 To See Complete Finding Aid: http://www.jimmycarterlibrary.gov/library/findingaids/Staff_Secretary.pdf . i '· THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON May_2, 1978 j !. Frank Moore iI ~• The attached was returned in It ,.,: the President's outbox: is ,. forwarded to you for appropriate [ '! ! . .i handl;ing. ·i .·•:.: Rick Hutcheson cc: Hamilton Jordan ..' RE: CAMPAIGN SCHEDULING EFFORT '""i- ADMINISTRATIVELY CONFIDENTIAL, ;·.. '; ~ I - .... !. :=II •_..: . I. ... ·, ··.. ·· - . ·~ . ; .. .. '·~ \ ·1~ .. ~·.~.,.,:: THE WHITE HOUSE ... ~·J:)':.. WASHINGTON /·i>'. 0 $r-tl' ~ h"p :'~~- £;,-17 ?¢ »'-"-"'"r)' :.'.'... :;W> ?;~::.- >.-J;y.~ A~;/.,c4! ~ > ~, &.r~ ~/,.., L4~J ~ filk-4- t?~/~ nYc ~ /Jitf~/ ~ k4 ~~? ,~; .J)z. /~af ,~0, ·--Pf~K ~~"'1 -j/o// ~~ ~ £,aj~ cftt,JJ~te-,1 , ;·/ ~d~/ 44e-- ('.,u,..k ~e./.. ,A/ ~ ,;(, II'-# fil. /~r. ? ·::···. ·'· ' . ·~ . ~ .·., ... .; .. •;)~ J ••• . ~· ~~~? .t~f ;it' ~. >'·' ··.::::·~~-:. ·:·~·:{::. ' ~ ·;~ . .f~ 0. ;i'f);.· ~.r;r.?~r M, .r?~Y ~·~ ··~:"'~ .·.. FOR STAFFING ,. FOR INFORMATION 7 FROM PRESIDENT'S OUTBOX LOG IN/TO PRESIDENT TODAY - IMMEDIATE TURNAROUND • NO DEADLINE LAST DAY FOR ACTION - ADMIN CONFID CONFIDENTIAL z 0 SECRET H E-!H EYES ONLY U!>i ,.:f.fz-1 VICE PRESIDENT EIZENSTAT • .A Ll JORDAN ... o% 49\ • ' ARAGON ·-- KRAFT BOURNE 'LIPSHUTZ BUTLER 1/ MOORE H. CARTER POWELL CLOUGH WATSON COSTANZA l.VEXLER CRUIKSHANK BRZEZINSKI FALLOWS MCINTYRE FIRST LADY SCHULTZE GAMMILL HARDEN HUTCHESON ADAMS JAGODA ANDRUS LINDER BELL MITCHELL BERGLAND MOE BLUMENTHAL PETERSON BROWN PETTIGREW CALIFANO PRESS HARRIS SCHNEIDERS KREPS VOORDE MARSHALL WARREN SCHLESINGER WISE STRAUSS VANCE ••u... ._,.. .· lar!PiuJUJIIc~IPWJAUI J 'l\ll~1!NISIHAHVELY CONFIDENTIAL -·. --·· ·'·· :··-- ,,...• ····---~c..;;:_;__,:_.::._..:.:.~=.;.._;:_;__:.
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 104 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION
    E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 104 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION Vol. 142 WASHINGTON, WEDNESDAY, MAY 15, 1996 No. 68 House of Representatives The House met at 9 a.m. WELCOMING THE REVEREND REES and civic activity. I am grateful that The Reverend Rees F. Warring, sen- F. WARRING Reverend Warring could lead us in ior pastor, Elm Park United Methodist (Mr. MCDADE asked and was given prayer today. He is a man who has en- Church, Scranton, PA, offered the fol- permission to address the House for 1 riched countless lives through his spir- lowing prayer: minute and to revise and extend his re- itual and community leadership. God of all people and nations, You marks.) And, my friends, on a personal note, who created and are still creating, may Mr. MCDADE. Mr. Speaker, let me I would like to extend on behalf of all we be willing partners of Your cre- begin by saying how nice it is too see of us a most happy 58th birthday today ation. Help us to be merciful and just, so many familiar faces in the Chamber to Reverend Warring. compassionate and caring, that this this morning. We are delighted that so f will be a more merciful and just, com- many of our colleagues are here, and of RECESS passionate and caring world. We pray course we all welcome you back to this that the quality of all life will be bet- magnificent House. The SPEAKER. Pursuant to clause 12 ter because of the way we live and Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • In This Election Pleased Over Passage of Pension Proposal: Thursday, November 4 Area Votes for GEORGIA GOV
    AN the N.ws of AI the Point.s Every Thursday ~orning rosse Pointe ~ws Compwte News Coverage of All the Pointes E.terN ., Sec..... C:1e •• 114."0' at the JOe P.. COlI' VOL. 37-NO. 46 P.st Office lit I)et,~t, Michl ... GROSSE POINTE, MICHIGAN, THURSDAY, NOVEMBER II. 1976 $1.00 P.. V.. , 30 Pages-Two Sections-Plus Supplement HEADLINES \ New Officers Elected by Health Education Council Absentee Voters 80 Percellt of the Of Voters WEEK Set New Record Cast Votes As Compiled by the Gros5C Pointe Newi Park Police, Firemen Are In This Election Pleased over Passage of Pension Proposal: Thursday, November 4 Area Votes for GEORGIA GOV. > JIMMY All Pointes Report Heavy Amount of Ballots; CARTER turned to the task liberalized Voting laws Cited GOP Again of forming a Democraiic ad- As Main Reason ministration Wednesday, only B~, George Polgar Jr. hours after clinching his By Susan McDonald Local v 0 t e r s made slendel' victory over Presi. Voting by absentee ballot was at an all-time their customarily heavy dent Gerald Ford in their high in Grosse Pointe in the ree.ent presidential showing at the polls last battle for the White House. election. Almost one of every five Pointe voters week with all of thy Gov. Carter, 'an outsider who were absent on November 4-as compared to just came to power, accepted the Pointes reporting voter" 117 percent in the 1972 presidential election. congratulations and the turnout figures in the promised support of Mr. I The City showed the high.
    [Show full text]
  • President's Daily Diary, March 3, 1966
    March 3, 1966 White House Thursday Today transmitted to Congress annual report on the activities and accomplishmenmts under the Breakfast Communications Satellite Act of 1962 Director Schultze Douglass Cater Bob Fleming (pl) MW (pl) (^ ll:22a To the East Room for SIGNING CEREMONY color pix Cold War GI Bill REMARKS ! (***? ^2? ^ ! ATTENDANCE:* SENATE AND HOUSE COMMITTEE Secretary Freeman Sen Claiborne Pell STAFFS: ' Senator Ernest Gruening Sen Jennings Randolph Stuart McClure [ ! Sen. Birch Bayh Sen Harrison Williams, Jr Richard Yarborough Sen. Peter Dominick Sen Ralph Yarborough Oliver Meadows Sen.Hiram Fang Sen. Frank Carlton Edwin Patterson Sen. Paul J Fannin John Holden Sen Lister Hill J Sen Daniel Inouye Andy Biemiller Sen Robert Kennedy i Sen Thomas Kuchel ! Sen George S. McGovern : Sen Jack Miller Sen Geo Murphy Cong. E Ross Adair Cong Thaddeus J. Dulski Cong James J. Howard Cone. Fred Rooney Cong Br )ck Adams Cong John J. Duncan Cong Wm L. Hungate Cons Edward Roybal Cong JoLn B. Anderson Cong Robert B. Duncan Cong Richard Ichord Cone William F. Rvan Cong Mark Andrews Cong. Claude Pepper Cong Donald Irwin Cons Rav Roberts Cong John M Ashbrook Cong Ed Edmondson Cong Robert W. Kastenmeier Cong William Ayres J Cong Edwin Edwards Cong Hastings Keith Cong Teno Roncalio Cong Be -t Bandstra Cong Robert Ellsworth Cong Horace R. Kornegay Cong Wm St. Onge Cong WaLter Baring Cong Frank Evans Cong. Delbert Latta Cong David E. Satterfield Cong Edward Boland — Cong Robert A Everett Cong RobertL. Leggett Cons John P. Savior Cong John Brademas Cong Joe Evins Cong Speedy O. Long Cong Gale Schisler Cong Jack Brooks Cons Wm D.
    [Show full text]
  • Civil Society, Congress, and the Movement to Democratize the National Security State, 1970-1978
    REINING IN THE STATE: CIVIL SOCIETY, CONGRESS, AND THE MOVEMENT TO DEMOCRATIZE THE NATIONAL SECURITY STATE, 1970-1978 A Dissertation Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY by Katherine A. Scott May, 2009 i © by Katherine Anne Scott 2009 All Rights Reserved ii ABSTRACT This dissertation explores the battle to democratize the national security state, 1970-1978. It examines the neo-progressive movement to institutionalize a new domestic policy regime, in an attempt to force government transparency, protect individual privacy from state intrusion, and create new judicial and legislative checks on domestic security operations. It proceeds chronologically, first outlining the state’s overwhelming response to the domestic unrest of the 1960s. During this period, the Department of Justice developed new capacities to better predict urban unrest, growing a computerized databank that contained millions of dossiers on dissenting Americans and the Department of Defense greatly expanded existing capacities, applying cold war counterinsurgency and counterintelligence techniques developed abroad to the problems of protests and riots at home. The remainder of the dissertation examines how the state’s secret response to unrest and disorder became public in the early 1970s. It traces the development of a loose coalition of reformers who challenged domestic security policy and coordinated legislative and litigative strategies to check executive power. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Graduate students depend upon the goodwill of others. My parents, Mike and LeOla, started me on this intellectual journey when I was a little kid. My dad made sure that I had plenty of books to read.
    [Show full text]
  • Energy - Congressional Reaction to the Presidents Message” of the John Marsh Files at the Gerald R
    The original documents are located in Box 13, folder “Energy - Congressional Reaction to the Presidents Message” of the John Marsh Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Copyright Notice The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald R. Ford donated to the United States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections. Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Digitized from Box 13 of the John Marsh Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library \ \ CONGRESSIONAL REACTION TO THE PRESIDENT'S ENERGY MESSAGE ' Office of Congressional Affairs Federal Energy Administration Nashington, D.C. January ?4, 1974 {!_tt~, \ .~/-~ . · .... _ ,,.r' ·"' ': .. ~ ' I TABLE OF CONTENTS Pages United States Senate Minority 1-2 Majority. 3-10 United States House of Representatives Minority 11-21 ~ Majority 22-48 Governors 49 People of Interest 50-51 General Trends 52 Co-sponsors of Key Legislation 53 All reference material available at: Federal Energy Administration Office of Congressional Affairs ·'. Paul Cyr, Director ~-··.' .. - .\.~- - . -~-- .. Phone~ 961-6226 \ 961-7472 , .. ·"" ~ . --··-- .. _., __ . --~ "1 UNITED STATES SENATE HINORITY Sen. Dewey Bartlett ·Feels Fordls program to have a "disastrous negative impact" (Okla.) upon the "goal of increasing the supply of domestic energy.
    [Show full text]
  • Transcribed Audio Interview with Benjamin Stanczyk
    Interview with Benjamin Stanczyk January 23, 2003 MK: This is Marian Krzyzowski and I’m at the home of Judge Benjamin Stanczyk. Judge Stanczyk is living in Detroit on the east side and today is January 23rd 2003. And we’re here to talk about Judge Stanczyk’s memories of the Chene Street neighborhood, and before we do that, though, I’d like to begin first by asking you Judge Stanczyk a little bit about your family. Your parents, their names, where they were from, and how they ended up getting to the neighborhood that you know we’re talking about today, so maybe if you could just begin with names of your mother and father, where they were from. BS: My father was Bruno Stanczyk, central Poland, Zychlin is the town. MK: How is that spelled? BS: Z-Y-C-H-L-I-N. There’s a big sugar factory in Zychlin, still there. MK: Mm-hm. BS: He was a machinist in Poland. Here he became a tool and die maker, of course. My mother was Josephine Tarczynski. She came from a town Skierniewice which is in the same area, it’s between Warsaw and Lodz. My father came to American in 1910 and my mother came in ’14 to join him. My sister was born in Poland in 1908. MK: So they were married in Poland? BS: Yes. MK: And they came where in the United States. BS: Well, my mother’s brother came to Detroit in 1905, and my father came here, according to the Ellis Island records, he came to his brother-in-law, he had $17 and a half in U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party: Background and Recent
    THE MISSISSIPPI FREEDOM DEMOCRATIC PARTY Background lnformaUon for SUpportive Campaigns by Campus Groups repared by STEVE MAX Political Education ProJect, Room 309, 119 Firth Ave., N. Y .c. 10003 Associated with Students for a Democratic Society THE MISSISSIPPI FREEDOM DEMOCRATIC PARTY: BACKGROUND AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS by STEVE IvlAX The Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party was founded April 26, 1964 in order to create an opportunity for meaningful political expres­ sion for the 438,000 adult Negro Mississippians ~ho traditionally have been denied this right. In-addition to being a political­ instrument, the FDP provides a focus for the coordination of civil rights activity in the state and around the country. Although its memters do not necessarily· think in the se -terms, the MFDP is the organization above all others whose work is most directly forcing a realignment within the Democratic Party. All individuals and organizations who understand that ' when the Negro is not free, then all are in chains; who realize that the present system of discrimi­ nation precludes the abolition of poverty, and who have an interest in t he destruction of the Dixiecrat-Republican alliance and the purging of the racists from the Democratic Party are poteptial allies of the MFDP. BACKGROUND INFORMATION- The Mississippi Democratic Party runs the state of Mississippi _wit h an iron hand·. It controls the legislative, executive and judicial be nches of the state government. Prior to the November, 1964 elec­ tion all 49 state Senators and all but one of the 122 Representa­ tives were Democrats. Mississippi sent four Democrats and one Goldwater Republican to Congress last November.
    [Show full text]