Prionodon Linsang, Banded Linsang
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The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ ISSN 2307-8235 (online) IUCN 2008: T41705A45219711 Prionodon linsang, Banded Linsang Assessment by: Duckworth, J.W., Mathai, J., Chutipong, W., Brodie, J. & Wilting, A. View on www.iucnredlist.org Citation: Duckworth, J.W., Mathai, J., Chutipong, W., Brodie, J. & Wilting, A. 2016. Prionodon linsang. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T41705A45219711. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41705A45219711.en Copyright: © 2016 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale, reposting or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission from the copyright holder. For further details see Terms of Use. 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THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ Taxonomy Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Prionodontidae Taxon Name: Prionodon linsang (Hardwicke, 1821) Synonym(s): • Viverra linsang Hardwicke, 1821 Common Name(s): • English: Banded Linsang Taxonomic Notes: The two Asian linsang Prionodon species, formerly classified as part of the civet family (Viverridae), are now known to comprise their own separate family, the Prionodontidae (see Gaubert and Veron 2003, Gaubert and Cordeiro-Estrela 2006, Barycka 2007). Four subspecies of Banded Linsang P. linsang have been described, but there has been no recent taxonomic revision: P. l. linsang from southern Myanmar, southern Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia and Sumatra; P. l. gracilis from Java and Borneo; P. l. fredericae from Bangka Island; and P. l. interlinus from Belitung Island (Van Rompaey 1993). Assessment Information Red List Category & Criteria: Least Concern ver 3.1 Year Published: 2016 Date Assessed: March 3, 2015 Justification: Banded Linsang is listed as Least Concern, because, although in common with other Sundaic evergreen forest species, it can be assumed to be in range-wide population decline (with extensive deforestation over the last few decades), there is neither evidence nor suspicion that this is at a rate sufficient to qualify it even as Near Threatened (in particular, the species's wide altitudinal range puts a large proportion of its range outside the altitudinal bands of major Sundaic forest conversion; see Miettinen et al. 2011). There is no evidence that it is a target species in hunting or trade, or any other reason why populations would be declining within remaining habitat. Available information suggests significant tolerance of encroachment and even use of plantations (e.g., Lim 1973; see 'Habitats and ecology' section), implying that population decline rates will be lower than forest loss rates. The rise in camera- trapping across its range in the last 20 years has found it in many areas. Encounter rates are generally low; this is assumed to represent a mix of natural low density (as typical for a highly carnivorous species; not a sign of recent decline within remaining habitat) and a tendency for camera-trapping, as typically employed, to be not particularly effective at detecting it when present. Some surveys find it amongst the most-encountered small carnivores and whether this reflects locally high abundance or specific camera-trap setting style more appropriate to the species is not known. More information on the effectiveness of camera-trapping in detecting the species would allow more confident deductions about © The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Prionodon linsang – published in 2016. 1 http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41705A45219711.en its global status. Previously Published Red List Assessments 2008 – Least Concern (LC) – http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T41705A10536736.en 1996 – Lower Risk/least concern (LR/lc) Geographic Range Range Description: Banded Linsang occurs in Sundaic South-east Asia (Van Rompaey 1993, Jennings and Veron 2015), including the Thai-Malay Peninsular (Malaysia, e.g. Ratnam et al. 1995, Azlan 2003, Kawanishi and Sunquist 2004; southern Myanmar, e.g., Than Zaw et al. 2008; southern and south western Thailand, e.g. Chutipong et al. 2014); Borneo (Malaysia, Indonesia and Brunei, e.g. Van Rompaey 1993, Wells et al. 2005); Sumatra (e.g. Holden 2006); and Java (e.g. Suyanto 2003, Rode-Margono et al. 2014), as well as the smaller islands of Bangka and Belitung (Van Rompaey 1993). It is evidently widespread on the Thai- Malay Peninsular, Borneo and Sumatra (Jennings and Veron 2015). On Java, it has been suggested to be perhaps restricted to the west, but there are two historical specimens from the Ijang plateau in East Java (held in Museum für Naturkunde, Humboldt Universität, Berlin, Germany), and, given recent decades' very low levels of small carnivore survey in Java (see, e.g., Riffel 1991), the species's range on Java might be larger than yet documented. The northernmost confirmed record in the world is from Mae Wong National Park, Thailand, at 15°53′N, considerably further north than for the various other Sundaic small carnivores (Chutipong et al. 2014). It perhaps occurs in Myanmar even further north, to about 16°30′N; but this is based on an old record that lacks detail on origin (Steinmetz and Simcharoen 2006). A claim in northern-central Thailand at 17° 54'N (Humphrey and Bain 1990) is probably erroneous (Steinmetz and Simcharoen 2006); it would be biogeographically highly surprising, it lacks detail or verifiable support, and the species is surprisingly often confused with others (Than Zaw et al. 2008). It has been recorded from altitudes ranging from 11 to 2,700 m (Jennings and Veron 2015). Country Occurrence: Native: Brunei Darussalam; Indonesia (Jawa, Kalimantan, Sumatera); Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak); Myanmar; Thailand © The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Prionodon linsang – published in 2016. 2 http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41705A45219711.en Distribution Map Prionodon linsang © The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Prionodon linsang – published in 2016. 3 http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41705A45219711.en Population The population status of Banded Linsang is poorly known. Various authors have considered it uncommon or rare, apparently based solely on the paucity of records relative to some other sympatric mammals (Chasen 1940, Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1961, Davis 1962, Lim 1973, Lekagul and McNeely 1977, Van Rompaey 1993). Since these assessments, camera-trapping has found the species widely throughout its range, in most evergreen survey areas other than those with only low search effort. Most surveys within its range - whether based on camera-trapping or direct observation (spotlighting) - typically find it only a handful of times. Whether this generally low recording rate represents genuinely low population density or simply elusive behaviour, or some combination of the two, is not clear (Van Rompaey 1993). By contrast, several surveys have camera-trapped it more frequently than most other small carnivores, in single survey areas in Java (Yoneda et al. 1998), Borneo (Samejima and Semiadi 2012) and peninsular Malaysia (Hedges et al. 2013). Whether these have covered areas supporting unusually large numbers of the species, or whether these surveyors' precise style of camera-trapping was particularly suitable to find it, is unclear; relative recording rates from two survey teams using different camera-trap setting methodology in Deramakot Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia, suggest that detection likelihood of Banded Linsang might depend strongly on precise camera-trapping style (Wilting et al. 2010). If the typically low encounter rate indicates a generally low population density, this could have implications for forest-block size likely to support the species into the long term. Current Population Trend: Decreasing Habitat and Ecology (see Appendix for additional information) Banded Linsang natural history has never been studied in the field and most statements about it are based to a greater or lesser extent on speculation and extrapolation from little real information. It has been recorded in primary and secondary forest and in human-inhabited areas (e.g., Van Rompaey 1993, Ratnam et al. 1995, Azlan 2003, Kawanishi and Sunquist 2004, Wells et al. 2005). Its range coincides well with Sundaic evergreen forest, and although at the northern extent of its range, in Thailand, some records come from survey areas containing both evergreen and deciduous forest, all precisely located records there come from evergreen forest, despite substantial survey effort in deciduous areas (Chutipong et al. 2014). Java is the only other part of its range containing extensive deciduous areas but there has been no collation of records from the