Anti Human Trafficking

ANTI HUMAN TRAFFICKING

PROJECT REPORT- March 2016

KUDUMBASHREE AND NATIONAL RURAL LIVELIHOOD MISSION

1 Content

Study Report of ANTI HUMAN TRAFFICKING PROJECT

Introduction…………………………………………………………………………. 3 Human Trafficking………………………………………………………………….4 Objective of AHT………………………………………………………………..….6 Situation Analysis ………………………………………………………………....7 Migration center…………………………………………………………………….9 HRG (High risk group)…………………………………………………………..11 Snehitha gender help desk…………………………………………………….14 Evaluation and monitoring……………………………………………………..15 AHT Project details of Devikulam Block, Idukki……………………..…18

Success stories …………………………………………………….…...35 AHT Project details of Chittur Block, Palakkad…………………….…...62 AHT Project details of Mananthvady Block, Wayanad……………………84 Impact…………………………………………………………………….……………96 Evaluation………………………………………………………………..……………97 Achievements of AHT……………………………………………………………..98

Introduction

2 Anti-Human trafficking project is an initiative of Kudumbashree (State Poverty Eradication Mission) which carried out preventive and rehabilitative interventions. The project was initiated as a pilot in selected 3 blocks in three different district of Kerala, namely Devikulam block in Idukki District, Chittur Block in Palakkad District, and Mananthavady block in Wynad District. These blocks were identified from the district on the basis of certain parameters like the highest migration rate, highest poverty population, highest SC population, highest ST population, closed down to tea estates in the high ranges, selected blocks bordering with neighboring states such as Tamilnadu & Karnataka. AHT aims to restrain and contain human trafficking in the selected blocks. Project also aims to rehabilitate the victims through economic rehabilitation and reintegration with the community. AHT interventions have helped to locate the trafficked and vulnerable persons in the selected blocks. AHT not only protect women and children but the man folk from the threats of human trafficking by defending their rights and dignity, providing a safe environment, supporting their education and health. High risk groups (Vulnerable to traffic) were identified through the AHT intervention such as house visit, survey and focus group discussions. As part of the rehabilitation process of these High risk people Kudumbashree provide livelihood support to the identified. As a part of Anti Human Trafficking project Migration centers have started in these three blocks for the coordination of the activities and for the prevention of trafficking in that area. Snehitha Gender Help Desk, round the clock working short stay home is also started as a part of Anti Human Trafficking in these districts.

Human Trafficking

Human trafficking is the action or practice of illegally transporting people from one country or area to another, typically for the purposes of forced labor or commercial sexual exploitation. Trafficking involves an act of recruiting, transporting, transferring, harboring or receiving a person through the use of force, coercion or other means, for the purpose of exploiting them for personal gain, usually monetary gain. Human trafficking is second most lucrative crime in the world. Human trafficking is also called „‟Modern-day slavery‟‟, at all times it is slavery at its core The main purposes of human trafficking are prostitution, sexual exploitation, child marriage, child labor, forced labor, slavery or similar practice, panhandling, removal of organs etc. Human trafficking is thought to be one of the fastest-growing activities of trans-national criminal organizations. The goal of a trafficker is to turn a human being into a slave. Human trafficking is also condemned as a violation of human rights and child rights. Although human trafficking can occur at local levels, it has transnational implications. Trafficked people are held against their will through acts of coercion, and forced to work for or provide services to the trafficker or others.

3 In India, the trafficking is considered an organized crime. The Government of India applies the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act 2013, as well as Section 370 and 370A IPC. Additionally, a Regional Task Force implements the SAARC Convention on the prevention of Trafficking in Women and Children. On 20th February 2014 a government web portal, the „‟Anti Human Trafficking‟‟ had been launched.

Sex trafficking victims face threats of violence from many sources, including customers, pimps, brothel owners etc. Trafficking victims are also exposed to different psychological stressors. Victim of trafficking gets high amounts of psychological stress induced by threats, fear, and physical and emotional violence. Victims are often cut off from all forms of social connection, as isolation allows the perpetrator to destroy the victim's sense of self and increase his or her dependence on the perpetrator. Human trafficking victims may experience sexual abuse, domestic violence, forced prostitution, or gang rape, chronic stress experienced by many victims of human trafficking can compromise the immune system. Sex trafficking victims face threats of violence from many sources, including customers, pimps, brothel owners etc. Trafficking victims are also exposed to different psychological stressors, On the other hand, trafficking leads to the proliferation of HIV, because victims, being vulnerable and often young/inexperienced, cannot protect themselves properly, and get infected.

Types of human trafficking

Sexual Exploitation/ Prostitution/Pornography - Sexual exploitation is the main crux of human trafficking. Victims are forced to working in brothels, massage parlors, prostitution rings or strip clubs, or used to produce pornographic materials.

Labor Exploitation- Victims of human trafficking are forced to work in plantations, textiles, mines or in other hazardous conditions, such as handling of chemicals and pesticides or operation machines. These victims are not even paid. Children are also being victims and child labor takes place. Domestic Work-Children between5-14 is taken away from parents; parents are attracted with the promises of good education or job. Wherein are engaged in domestic work. These victims are sorely dependent on their exploiters for safety, food and shelter and most endure harsh working conditions. They do not have any form of identification and as such cannot attempt escape.

4 Organ Harvesting- One of the purpose of human trafficking is organ harvesting. Traffickers remove organs or tissues for reuse, such as in organ transplantation. The victim is compelled into giving up an organ. Sometimes victim agrees to sell an organ in exchange of money/goods, but is not paid or paid less. Organ harvesting often seeks kidneys, liver, eyes. Panhandling- To a certain extent Begging or panhandling is also a part of human trafficking. In basic children and women are used for begging at traffic signals, on footpath, at religious spot once after their organs had been removed.

Objectives of AHT (Anti Human Trafficking) -The main goal of the project is to develop a community response, referral and protocols to assist women and girls who are trafficked for exploitation within selected blocks. AHT want to see these block where the innocence, weakness, and vulnerability of any human being is not exploited by others for exploitation and trafficking. Every human being born to lead a life full of options and enjoys a right to choose, a victim of trafficking is not re-victimized but has a fair chance of social recognition, and the society becomes more compassionate to the victims and intolerant of injustice. Here are the main objectives and goals of AHT: -

To provide human trafficking awareness to all community members and government and non government agencies in these three blocks. (Devikulam, Chittur and Manathavady) To create Awareness among the victims of trafficking and exploitation of their human and civil rights and to empower them through interventions and convergence programs. Technical skilling and economic rehabilitation To facilitate rehabilitation of the victims, escapees and survivors identified by AHT cells. Reintegration with the community Bringing in the affected and vulnerable to the Kudumbashree network. Reduce and prevent human trafficking in these three block Provide counseling and crisis intervention to trafficked persons. Coordinate services for trafficked persons Contribute to provincial and national efforts to eliminate human trafficking Increase awareness and understanding about human trafficking in the region Comprehensive rehabilitation - Victims of human trafficking. Establish and run a Network against Human Trafficking.

5 Interventions of anti human trafficking project

1. Situational Analysis Situation analysis on human trafficking in the selected blocks to understand the socio- cultural, economic and local profile to help contextualize the modes of intervention. Identification of the variables that make the Blocks vulnerable, through the community-based network of Kudumbashree Identification of the marginalized, the vulnerable and their issues in the area through situation analysis, vulnerability mapping and crime mapping and other participatory methods using Kudumbashree network under the guidance of trained personnel. This has facilitate in socio- economic profiling of the Blocks that details sex ratio, migration, calamity, social issues or practices like child marriage, child labor etc.

o It has help to find out the crime and exploitation against women and children. Identification of high risk families/ vulnerable sections in the block . Families going through severe poverty . Divorced, deserted, young widows, unwed mothers, deserted wives . Child marriage . Child labor . Physically and mentally challenged . Children of unwed mothers . Transgender

Identification and interface with LSGI/local support group/NGOs/Departments. Here special mention has to be made on the significance of working in close association with the Jagratha Samithis, and Nirbhaya Cell which, in turn, would enable in evolving a working relation with the panchayats towards the AHT program. Development of a village database of high risk families and women and children

2. Migration center

6 Migration centers have been started in these three blocks for the coordination of the activities and for the prevention of trafficking in that area. The center aims to focus on prevention of trafficking, emotional and vocational rehabilitation of the survivors through Counseling, Vocational Training and livelihood programs. Through the AHT intervention such as House visit, survey and focus group discussions high risk groups have identified. As part of the rehabilitation process of these High risk people, Kudumbashree provide livelihood support to the identified. Snehitha Counselor visits the migration center once in a week. Family counseling and adolescent counseling is provided to the people who seek it. Migration center provides shelter to children and women and to the victims of human trafficking.

Aims of Migrations center  Record the details of persons migrating to other places for job, marriage etc. Maintain their data base with regular follow up with the support by Anganwadi workers/ Asha workers/ Gender resource persons.  Act as a centre where people can register themselves who are willing to get employment outside district or State.  The centre should have the authority to monitor the movements of people migrated to other places for job or stay for a short period.  Create a database of people who are coming from outside for employment, offering employment or other purposes. They should register themselves indicating their purpose and submitting the copy of the identity proof.  The centre should act as a guidance cell where the candidates can enquire about the validity or reputation of the agency where they got employment offer.  The centre should get direct services from Police, Labour and Social Justice Departments.  It can be used as a space for the survivors to develop sustainable livelihood activities

 The school dropouts can use this space as a continuing education centre with the help of Social Justice department and education department

7  Women can consider this place as their own; it will be a space providing Counseling and other mental and emotional support to the women and children who are in distress

3. Identification of High Risk group - HRG

Identifying and Assessing Vulnerable people(HRG) :

There are particular groups who, for various reasons, are weak and vulnerable or have traditionally been victims of violations and consequently require special protection for the equal and effective enjoyment of their live. The large number of high risk group or vulnerable people is found in these three blocks. The purpose of providing vulnerable people with personalized packages of support, information, advice, guidance, and learning and development opportunities is to improve their life- chances. High risk is groups with low levels of household labor, limited asset ownership, and insufficient means of support from family members and the community as well as households under the threat of conflict, drought and other risks, particularly poor families which lack a diversified income and asset base. The terms “risk” and “vulnerability” imply the possibility of an adverse outcome or injury. Both internal and external factors can contribute to vulnerability and risk. Vulnerability is usually assessed as a probability. The groups usually considered to be vulnerable include:

 Young children (especially those under 5 years of age),  The widows,  Malnourished people,  Refugees,  Internally displaced persons,  Indigenous peoples,  HIV positive persons and AIDS victims,  Pregnant/lactating women who are living in poverty, with poor access to and utilization of food, widow and separated females,  Female-headed households,  The elderly,  The disabled,  Separated ladies,  Physically challenged.

HRG meetings were conducted in effected blocks. Through AHT interventions, high risk group (vulnerable) were found out where on the number of vulnerable women was more the menfolk. The goals of AHT intervention in cases of vulnerability are to promote autonomy, ensure safety, reduce morbidity and mortality, maximize function, and improve quality of life. Through AHT interventions VRF and IGP loans has been granted to this groups. Women are also highly vulnerable in these blocks. Because of gender discrimination, they are often excluded from decision-making about their own lives and families, and therefore are unable to ensure that their rights will be respected. An intervention among vulnerable people is a priority for AHT, and all of its programs, protection activities, and planning reflects this concern. AHT has taken active steps to ensure that no one in these blocks gets left behind, in particular vulnerable groups like the low-income elderly and families with young children etc.

Details of High risk group in these three block is shown in below index

Sl. No. District/ block CDS Number Total

Thirunelly 122 Vellamunda 123 Edavaka 12 1 Wynad/ Mananthavady Block Mananthawady 11 376 Thavinjal 63 Thondernad 45 Eruthenpathy 44 Nallepilly 26 Vadakarapathy 26 2 Palakkad/ Chittor Block Perumatti 27 174 Polpully 27 Kozhinjampara 17 Elappully 7 Munnar 310 Devikulam 54

9 Mankulam 52 Chinnakanal 53 3 Idukki/ Devikulam Block Kanthaloor 46 670 Marayoor 75 Santhanpara 20 Vattavada 50 Edamalakudy 10 Total 1220 Source: Kudumbashree District Mission Wayanad, Palakka, and Idukki

4.SNEHITA GENDER HELP DESK-

Snehitha works to avail support and help to the shield less women in society. The main aim of the center is to provide help and support to those women and children who are in distress and provide voice for their issues and concerns also to prevent, protect and prevail over domestic violence through advocacy, empowerment and social change. Senhitha facilitating the women in distress to access the service of other institutional agencies (legal service authority, police department, CWC, NGO‟s etc.) to address the issues. Not only had this Snehitha provided immediate help, motivation and legal assistance to the victim of violence. Women and children are availing shelter as well. Snehitha is working on the principle of convergence, which is followed by a close interface and collaboration with the service providers and counselors. Snehitha gender helpdesk have been started in these three districts (Idukki, Palakkad, and Wynad) since 2015. Total 1443 survivors approached in Snehitha till (3 centers) directly and over phone. And provide shelter for 200 including women and children (As on 1-marchr-2017). Snehitha is efficiently spreading the awareness and making people bothered about AHT through different intervention.

5.Gender Corner

10 Gender Corner gives a creative space in the CDS for women and children and for the active initiative of women empowerment program of Kudumbashree. It is a local body to keep up a link between CDS and Snehitha. 2 RPs and 2 CDS members are in charge of gender corner; also they are directly involving in the issues of women and children and resolving it locally with the support of Jagratha Samithi.

Evaluation and monitoring Evaluation is a process that helps improve performance and achieve results. Its goal is to improve current and future management of outputs, outcomes and impact. Proper evaluation been done for AHT and Snehitha time to time. In the presence of District Mission coordinator each month review meetings are taking place .Also district wise reports are sendinding to State mission in each month. Snehitha interventions and community intervention are monitoring directly by the state gender team and by district mission. The followings are the topics of review meeting Briefly explaining the purpose of the meeting, emphasizing the benefits-this is an opportunity to discuss the performance, development, strengths and aspirations and to share ideas about how to work together more effectively Comparison the actual specific performance results and behaviors to the objectives. Work on particular area that will help achieve goals Bringing forward any issue that needs to be discussed- proposing the format of the meeting and establishing whether the staffs have any specific issues they would like to discuss, Putting the ideas and opinion about how to resolve problems or issues. Inviting self-appraisal-The aim of this part of the meeting is to encourage the employee to reflect on their performance since their last review meeting. Emphasizing strengths, as well as areas that need improvement. Setting goals, expectations, and objectives together for the next month‟s performance. Discussing development/training plans with the staff. Encourage upward feedback- improvements that could be made to organizational systems and processes, how work could be delegated more effectively, what level of supervision is appropriate for the team Summarizing the session and end on a positive note- asking the staff if they have any additional questions and address them if they do, summarizing their key achievements and thanking the

11 staffs for their contribution to the team and wider organization, confirming the areas of improvement that have been agreed and how these will be taken forward. Keeping Minutes for each discussion of the review meeting- Minutes, is protocols or, informally, notes are the instant written record of a meeting or hearing. They typically describe the events of the meeting and may include a list of attendees, a statement of the issues considered by the participants, and related responses or decisions for the issues.

Project Implementation in different blocks

12 Devikulam block, Idukki

Devikulam block is situated in Idukki district, southern state of Kerala. Devikulam Block is a part of Devikulam and Udumbanchola legislative assembly constituency. This block has got nine grama panchyats they are: Edamalakkudy, Munnar, Marayoor,Kanthaloor, Devikulam, Vattavada, Chinnakanal, Shanthanpara, Mankulam. Devikulam block has an area of 999.49 square kilometers. Devikulam block shares its northern border boundaries with Madurai District in Tamilnadu, eastern boundary with Adimali and Nedumkandam Block and western boundary with Adimali block. Devikulam NES block has started its activities from 1st july 1963 onwards. Geoghrapgy of the block panchayat is also attractive. At one glances landscape around here- greenery on the slopes, low hanging clouds over hills, valleys, plains and Sitadevi Lake surrounded by colors and vibrancy of nature are to be cherished forever. Munnar Marayoor, Kanthaloor, Vattavada, Chinnakanal, Shanthanpara, these six panchayats of Devikulam block comes under high range landscape. This block lies 3500 to 8500 feet‟s above sea level.

 Social and cultural history

Legends and mythology associated with this place indicates that Rama and his wife Sitadevi (epic Ramayan) during their period of exile stayed here for a while. This place was initially called Thevikulam however it is believed that Sitadevi took bath from this lake and after which it is named as Devikulam. The highest peak of western ghat and south india, Anamudy and first tribal panchayat Edamalakkudy is also situated in Devikulam block. Ancient caves associated with sages can be seen here. Large number of tourists lands in this block each month. Most of the areas of Devikulam block has got the history of encroaches and alien empire. During British Empire they introduced tea estate here which still exists in this area.

 Population, Literacy and Language

Total population of Devikulam block is 122830, among this 62377are women and 65453 are men folks. The ratio of men and women is 953. According to census 2001 literacy rate of Devikulam block is 71%, among this 80% of men and 61% of women are literate. Most of the inhabitants in this block speak Tamil and rest Malayalam.

 Agriculture

13 Devikulam block has maintained Tea plantation, coffee and spices as major. Marayoor, Kanthaloor, Vattavada panchayats are much closed to Tamilnadu border due to this, these panchayatas has similar climate as Tamilanadu got. Tamilanadu has influenced the agriculture of these areas. Land is fertile to cultivate winter vegies and fruits like Beetroot, Carrot, Cabbage, Garlic, Greenpeace, Apple, Suberjil, Pear, etc. Pepper, Cardamom, Tea, Coffee, Cocoa, Sugarcane etc. are the commercial corps of Devikulam block. Marayoor panchayat of Devikulam block is famous for Sandalwood forest and Molasses.

Challenges faced during AHT interventions-

Most of the victims of human trafficking are from Palakkad, Wynad,Idukki district and they belong to SC,ST and backward community. Effected blocks in these three districts share its border with Tamilnad and Karanataka. People of these blocks don‟t even have basis academic qualification moreover they are badly addicted to alcohol and drugs. They speak Tamil and Malayalam language and their cultures are also mixed. Peoples of these blocks are under control of Gounder (Gounder is a caste title derived from the Tamil which means "people who protected land, people and country"), Nattama (Chieftain- the head or leader of a tribe or clan. the chief of a group of people) and estate owners. So these people believe and depend on these Gounder, Nattama and estate owners more than panchyath and police. Children and women of these blocks are being victims in the name of Mysoore marriage, pollachi marriage, tamilnadu kalyanam and false promises of job.

Anti-human Trafficking In Devikulam block

According to report submitted by National Women‟s commission, it indicates that human trafficking was highest in Devikulam block, Idukki. Interventions among women and children are too difficult in this block and the reason behind it:

“Women and children are facing too much problems here. Estate owners and wealthy business men may be playing a vital role to create trouble. Therefore the involvement of panchayat‟s governing body members is essential. Convergence programs needs to be conducted with the support of governing body members. Without their (panchayat‟s governing body members) support and encouragement CDS, AHT and gender RP‟s will not be able put their efforts to sort the issues among women and

14 children in this block‟‟ says Chairperson, Munnar CDS. Through the analysis done by AHT promoters it is found that lots of people in Devikulam block has become the victims of human trafficking.

Analysis by AHT promoters

Poverty in Devilkulam block encouraged human trafficking- Poverty is a major characteristic of Devikuam block and it is seen as a major cause of human trafficking here. The quest to improve the standard of living and basic needs makes people to accept whatever promises the traffickers offer them. Alcoholism and drug addiction- Large number of men folk are addicted to alcohol Ganja and drugs in Devikulam block. Young boys who are surrounded by addicted people experiments these drugs for themselves. Once they get addicted to drugs and alcohol they would not be able to live without this. To get this they need money, in the beginning they try to steal money from home. Gradually their consumption increase and they start doing any job to make money. Here human trafficking take place and these young folk gets in the trap of human traffickers. Lack of opportunities/unemployment in Devikulam Block- There is no gain saying the fact that most people of Devikulam block who give their consent to be trafficked did so believing there are better opportunities at destination which has been shown to them by traffickers in their imaginary world. Traffickers transfer these people including women and children to neighbor state to work in textile or in a mill either on law wages or at no wages. In actual traffickers are selling them to others. Only after reaching to these place people get to know that they have been a victim of human trafficking. And all this happens due to the lack of employment opportunity in Devikulam block. Lack of Education//Ignorance- It is said that education is power. People in Devikulam block are not so educated. Most of them belong to tribal community. They don‟t give importance to education. They were not aware of the ills and effects of human trafficking and become more susceptible to fall prey to the traffickers than the others districts. Desire to earn a living- It is normally seen that after getting a basic education or being a graduate nobody wants to miss any chance to earn his or her livelihood. Especially in Devikulam block there is no employment opportunities, in such situation youngster tried to get out of the place anyhow and get victim of trafficking. Not only youngster but widows and separated ladies are also being the victim of human trafficking.

15 Child marriage- Child marriage is a part of cultural practice among the tribal community of Devikulam block. Child marriage happens here simply because it has happened for generations. Some of the traditional child marriages are Mysure kalyanam, Pollachi kalyanam,Tamilnad kalyanam etc. When girls start to menstruate, they become women in the eyes of the community. Marriage is therefore the next step towards giving a girl her status as a wife and mother. Giving a child in marriage allows parents to reduce family expenses by ensuring they have one less person to feed, clothe and educate. In such situation unknowingly parents prepare their child for human trafficking. Child labor- Child labor has become the common way for human trafficking in Devikulam block. Here it is caused by low income levels. As it is already mentioned that Devikulam block has got tribal population and their income is not enough for household needs, parents or guardians force their children to be involved in some form of child labor. Most of the children have dropped their studies and stay at home idly, at this moment parents take their kids along with them to their work place or send them to neighbor states for work. Not only this one being orphaned hence having to engage in it, lack of financial support from guardians also child labor. And it becomes human trafficking.

Interventions done by AHT Devikulam

One day awareness program was conducted to introduce anti human trafficking, aim to conduct this program to give information on trafficking that empowers people to be on guide and take measures to avoid being a victim. The participants of this program were area political leaders and community representatives. Training had been given to the representative of social institution which comes under local self-government at the girth of Devikulam block to identify and prevent human trafficking. District level AHT training program was conducted; high official from Police department, Women‟s commission, and Child welfare committee took part in this training. Block level drawing competition was conducted for Balasabha children. Theme of the competition was human trafficking. District level awareness has been given to Balasabha children using IEC (Information, Education, and Communication) materiel (Snake and ladder chart). More than 8000 children participated in these interventions.

16 School level interventions have been made to make students aware about human trafficking. These interventions were coordinated by AHT block coordinator, Snehitha staff, AHT RP‟s, and Balasabha consultant. Block level AHT awareness class was conducted for the students of Munnar Art College. Ward level awareness classes were held and AHT brochure and pamphlets were distributed among SHG members. Panchayat level AHT training was given to; Aanganwadi teachers, promoters, Asha workers, PHC workers, and to government employees. As a part of AHT, Convergence meeting were conducted on CDS level. Home visit was made for the people who were found victims of human trafficking. In leadership of Snehitha Staff HRG (High Risk group) meetings were conducted, discussion was held about the income generating sources. Snehitha staff, Community counselor, and District mission staffs made face to face interactions with HRG member. Counseling were given to the identified survivors A short film „‟Magal‟‟ was released subject of the movie is human trafficking. Training has been given to resource persons of each CDS of the block.

As the part of AHT‟s intervention the situation analysis survey done in each CDS of Devikulam block. Chairperson Munnar informed that „‟women and children are being taken to Tamilanadu to work in textile mill (Vest Manufacturer) and plastic bottle manufacturer which is hazardous place and not at all safe.‟‟ Situation analysis survey indicates that people who are going to these places are being the victims of different types of exploitation.

Challenges To combat trafficking in Devikulam block we must recognize the specific set of obstacles faced by AHT Devikulam Team:

Language barriers- Language is needed for any kind of intervention or convergence. People in Devikulam block speak Tamil language instead of Malyalam. Most of the people in Devikulam block belong to tribal community as well and they have their own language. They do not speak Malayalam or, even if they use, it is their second or third language. So language was one of the

17 challenges in the beginning of AHT intervention. Then Tamil speaking RP‟s and staffs were appointed to overcome language barrier.

Terrain/ Geographical barriers; - Huge area of Devikulam block is rural and remote. It takes too much time in traveling and access the exact place of trafficking or violence. People of Devikulam block who live in rural and remote areas experience difficulty accessing a range of community- based services, same thing happened with AHT staff. Waiting for a long time for convince. Lack of locally available services (bus, jeep) and the vast geographic distance in rural area of Devikulam created trouble in the days of beginning of AHT. Influence of community heads: - As it is mentioned above that a huge population of Devikulam block belongs to tribal community and they have a community head. The headman, known as Muttam, Kani, has much respect within the society and has great powers in matters such as marriage and divorce. He also plays the role of priests and holds the right of oracle. They do not trust the civilized world and hesitant to partake education. They are an exclusive group which refuses to connect with other tribes and outside world. Their reluctance and refusal to social development has been little bit changed through the interventions of AHT and they are being motivated continuously for a better life.

Migration Center Devikulam block, Idukki Migration center is functioning in Dedvikulam Panchayat, at Devikulam Block of Idukki district. Ashwathy Chandran has been working as an AHT block coordinator and AHT Block coordinator is also responsible person of Migration center. Migration center is functioning at the ground floor of a ranted two storey building, it consist three rooms and a kitchen. Detailed document of migrated people were not available at Migration center Devikulam. Below mentioned registers are maintained here: 1) Visitors Diary 2) Attendance Register 3) Attendance register for AHT resource persons 4) IGP Block level management committee minutes 5) Stock register 6) Movement register 7) Inward register

18 8) Case register 9) Minutes book 10) AHT review meeting register 11) Cheque issue book AHT block coordinator has got the responsibility about the AHT interventions in entire. Here is the brief information given about the cases sorted and settled by the interventions made by Snehitha, AHT resource persons, and CDS chairpersons.

S.No AHT Cases Number CDS Total No.

Violence by husband 2 Student of Fatima school had been kidnapped by an 1 01 auto driver Shanthanpara 7 Missing case of a lady 1 Family problem 3

Fraud (Mother of a 6 years young kid, has been cheated 1 by a guy) Lover cheated on a graduate girl, after a sexual relation 1 A guy cheated on a girl 8years ago, she became single mother. Case was to get him back. 1 02 Life threatening to a wife by her husband who was in Munnar 7 imprisonment Violence of a drunkard husband 1 Husbands extramarital affair Unmarried girl became pregnant 1

1 1

Source: Snehitha Gender Help Desk Idukki, and chairpersons.

19 Economic sustainability through IGP (Income generating program) Income generating program had been started as a part of AHT to avail a fixed income to people, however few people have considered IGP as an additional source to increase their income. Most of the populations in these three blocks belong to SC, ST, and other backward community. They not only lack literacy but also their men folk are addicted to Ganja, alcohol and other drugs. Because of this addiction they don‟t do any work for the livelihood and the family‟s situation becomes so worst. In this situation women take the command of the family, they need a work but these blocks do not have job opportunities so these income generating program help women to empower to earn livelihood. Through this IGP Women become financially self-sufficient.21.5% of IGP beneficiaries have started stitching, 8.5% have started Poultry farm, and 5.5% have stared petty shop. These are the small scale enterprises to make money on daily basis; still some people are not able to make profit out of it. At present we can see that 58.2% IGP beneficiary are concentration on animal husbandry (Goat and Cow). 20000 /- has been granted as an enterprises loan to all district in Kerala except Wayanad district. In this 20000/- beneficiary has to purchase only four animal either goat or cow, most of the time they get goat kid or calf to purchase. Below mention diagram shows the status of IGP enterprises.

0.3 0.5 IGP Enterprises 2.4 2.9 5.5 Animal Husbandry 8.5 Stiching

Poultry Farm Petty Shop

58.2 Garments 21.7 Agriculture

Grinder

Source: Gender self-learning program, State mission.

20 Here are few success stories of IGP beneficiaries:-

Savitri, 54 years, (Widow)- Stitching Savithri is living with her daughter and granddaughter in a rented home. Her daughter is working as a sales girl at a shop and that is the only source of income. Her daughter got married to a person who is working in electricity board at Trivandrum. He comes to meet his wife and kid only in once in a year or in two years and that is also if he has got to do official work in Munnar. Savithri and her daughter don‟t even know where he lives in Trivandrum. Whenever he comes he gives maximum of 3000/- for their livelihood. Now he is not even contacting her. Savithri informed that her daughter is not interested to file a case against him in Snehitha to get the assistance for compensation. Savithri knows stitching; however by her stitching they are not getting enough income. The reason behind it, in Savitri‟s view she does not know the latest fashion as she got aged and the stitching styles which she knows are old fashioned. She takes the order from garment shop, and delivers those readymade maxis and underskirt. This is how she is able to pay off her loan amount through this stitching enterprise.

Sujatha, 29 years (Separated) - Stitching After completing her graduation (B.Sc.) she got married. And husband left her while she was pregnant. Sujatha gave birth to a daughter; she lives along with her parents now. Her daughter became 4 years of age. She said she is not able to go to the job which is related to her education, due to her daughter. Sujatha informed that if she joins a job as per her qualification then she need to go far from her home and also need to do night shifts once in two week, that‟s why she had decided to learn stitching and do this work instead of her qualification. At this time she got IGP loan then she joined stitching classes. She has started stitching work from home. She used to ask money from her father for her basic needs, but now she is capable to take good care of her daughter and herself by this stitching work. She earns 4000/- to 5000/- monthly and become self-depended. Sujatha said that now she is standing on her own feet and her confidence has also enhanced. She said she is also planning to learn embroidery work. She took this is an opportunity to express her thanks towards Kudumbashree and to chairperson who helped her to start this enterprise.

21 Maary, 46 years, (Widow) – Grinder

Marry is a 43 year old lady and she has got three children. She is residing in new colony, Munnar. Her husband was a woodcutter; they were spending their life by his small income. Two years back her husband passed away due to an accident. After his demise Maary and her children were in terrible situation. Their source of income was stopped they have started facing financial crisis. Then she had started to work as a maid, her work consist washing and cleaning. This was her first step for their livelihood. Marry‟s house was too small and not at all safe for her daughters. Her daughters were not safe in that home, and they faced different treats. At that time Maary decided to depart her daughters to a garment mill at Tirupur. Her daughters were 14, 17, 20 years of age at that time. She decided to send her elder daughters first, however after their departure her youngest daughter remains alone at home, so she decided to send three of them to work in baniyan company atTirupur. That decision changed her entire life. Kudumbasree came to know about it and Kudumbasree restricted her to do so. Throught AHT, Kudumbashree warn her to not to send her children to Tirupur and if she ignores it then Kudumbashree will file a case against her. Therefor she seeks Kudumbashree to get a solution for her and her children. Kudumbashree arranged loan for Maary through AHT and the loan amount was Twenty thousand rupees, which she had to deposit in installments. The project she had submitted to get a loan was, to prepare Idely and Dosha batter at home and sale it. Munnar, new colony is so congested area where so many families are residing. Idely and Dosha is most common and favorite breakfast in Munnar, that‟s why Maary adopted this idea for business. For last one year she has been doing this business from her home itself. She charges ten rupees for one glass of batter. She gets 600 rupees benefit per day. Once in two moths she pays one thousand six hundred rupees as an electricity bill. She has disbursed her debt and loan. Marry‟selder daughter got married six months before. Rest two is studying now. Her hopeless life got hope and success. Now Maary‟s sister-in-law also helping Maary in her work. Maary is doing work from home and it‟s too safe. Marry added „‟ I have been able to do all this because of Kudumbashree.‟‟

Kudumbashree enhanced her self-confidence and made her financially strong. Not only this but the support which Kudumbashree has given to Maary adorable and priceless. When nobody was here to help Marry, Kudumbashree come forward to raise her up. Maary had never seen ten thousand rupees all together but she got twenty thousand rupees as a loan. Maary bought a grinder worth rupees 17500. Maary wants to enhance her business in many areas. Today she would like to take this opportunity to convey her regards and to express heart full thanks to Kudumbashree Mission.

22 Jaya Murali is one more example of the IGP beneficiary. As per Munar chairperson Jaya has become IGP member and started stitching Enterprise. Now her daughter is also learning embroidery work. She bought one stitching machine, embroidery machine, cutting table and other accessories by this IGP loan. Her life has got new meaning and they are living a satisfactory life now.

Information of AHT- IGP beneficiaries, Kudhumbashree district mission, IDUKKI IGP VRF

Type First Phase Second Phase CDS

TOTAL

Number Amount Number Amount Applications GrantedAmount Goat Rearing 5 100000 16 320000 2250*19 42750 Cow rearing 0 0 3 60000

1 Petty Shop 0 0 1 20000 1500*12 18000 KANTHALOOR 500000 2 MARAYUR Goat Rearing 0 0 17 340000 2250*6 13500 Stitching 5 100000 0 0 440000 1500*2 3000

3 Stitching 4 80000 5 100000 DEVIKULAM Petty Shop 1 20000 4 80000 2250*24 54000 Garment Business 0 0 5 100000 500000 Cow rearing 0 0 6 120000 1500*1 1500 4 Grinder 1 20000 0 0 2250*16 36000 Stitching 2 40000 9 180000 Pickle Units 0 0 2 40000 MUNNAR Petty Shop 1 20000 1 20000 Cow rearing 0 0 2 40000 420000 1500*2 3000 Garment Business 0 0 2 40000 Soap Units 1 20000 0 0 5 Goat Rearing 4 80000 10 200000 440000 Stitching 1 20000 3 60000

23 SHANTHANPARA Poultry farm 0 0 1 20000 Garment Business 0 0 2 40000 Cow rearing 0 0 1 20000 6 Stitching 2 40000 2 40000 Goat Rearing 0 0 8 160000 Petty Shop 3 60000 6 120000 2250*10 22500 CHINNAKANAL Soap Unit 0 0 1 20000

Garment Business 0 0 1 20000 Poultry farm 0 0 1 20000 500000 1500*2 3000 Cow rearing 0 0 1 20000 7 VATTAVA Stitching 5 100000 0 0 100000 2250*21 47250 8 Goat rearing 2 40000 14 280000 MANKULAM Stitching 2 40000 1 20000 2250*8 18000 Petty Shop 1 20000 0 0 Cow rearing 0 0 7 140000 540000 1500*4 6000 9 EDAMALAKUDY Petty Shop 0 0 1 20000 Agriculture 0 0 2 40000 TOTAL 40 800000 135 3500000 125 239250 Source: Migration Center, Idukki.

Block Coordinator has informed that new 17 members have joined IGP recently which consist 9 Stitching units, 2 Pickle units, 1 Petty shop, 1 Animal husbandry, 3 Garment businesses, 1 Soap unit.

24 SNEHITA GENDER HELP DESK, IDUKKI

26 Snehitha Gender Help Desk is functioning in Vellayamkudy, at Kattappana municipality, of Idukki District. Snehitha has got two counselors, five service providers, an office assistant and two security officers. Counselors, service providers and security officers are working in shift duties. As per the direction given by the District mission office Counselor and service providers are changing their shifts in 48 hours, security officers change in 24 hours whereon office assistant has got only day duty. Snehitha is functioning in a rented building which consist 7 rooms, a kitchen, work area, and two toilets. Among this one is counseling room, one is service provider‟s room, one room is used as a front office, and one is for office assistant and rest rooms are being used for Inmates and paying guests. Idukki district has got 52 panchayats and two municipalities in eight block panchayats. Charge of these eight blocks has been divided between Service providers and Counselors. In-charge of the each block has got the responsibility to visit each and every CDS of the particular block. Block in-charge conducts awareness classes at CDS, ADS and NHG meetings; they also conduct awareness classes at LP, UP and High school, colleges, hostels and in ST colony. Convergence of Snehitha is mostly with Police department, Child welfare committee, ICDS, Legal Service authority, NGO‟s etc. Snehitha staffs are doing field work and home visit in different part of the district. When a case reports to Migration center Devikulam, as soon Block coordinator informs it to Snehitha, Snehitha staff reaches the migration center for further proceeding.

INterventions done by Senhitha-  Convergence meeting conducted to introduce Snehitha at AMD office chamber, ADM, DEO, DMO, Protection officer, probation officer, CWC Chairman, DLSA officer, AHT nodal officer, Jilla Panchayat president and vice president, Officials of NGO’s like VOSARD, Swadhar, Ashraya, Bhumika, and Kudumbashree District Mission Coordinator took part in this convergence meeting.  Awareness Classes conducted in each CDS on the occasions of International Women’s Day by snehiitha staff.  52 CDS and 2 Muncipality of idukki district had been visited by Snehitha staff and conducted awareness classes for CDS chairperson, CDS members, ADS president and secretary.  Participated in Panchayat committee meeting to introduce Snehitha and AHT,  Awareness classes conducted for Aanganwadi teachers at CDPO office,  Awareness given to Adolescent girls at different ICDS,

27  Conducted mothers meeting at ICDS -Strengthening support for couple and family relationships where there is a risk or history of domestic violence and abuse.  ”Say No” in crisis situation and awareness class conducted in Schools, Colleges, and hostels- More effective support to deliver school based programs to scale for example Personal Social Health Education and Sex and Relationship education, promoted AHT and Snehitha as well.

 Taking part in CDS meetings, ADS meetings, and NHG meetings to create grass root level awareness in society.  Training provided to Balasabha Children and RP by Snehita Counselor,

 Participated in Disha, Navakerala mission program and introduce Snehitha and AHT.

 Conducted orientation program and residential training for community counselor.

 Participated in a program conducted by AHT to start an AHT wing in Govt. college Munnar, Chief guest of the program was IG Sreejith IPS  Participated in Panchayat level Poliv program and given awareness about Snehitha and AHT.

35  Participated in Mobile ADALAT conducted by KLSA.  Participated in Women‟s program in CDS, ADS and NHG meetings and provided awareness about Snehitha‟s services.

39 Chittor Block, Palakkad Chittor block is situated in Palakkad district, southern state of Kerala. It is one of the 13 blocks of Palakkad district. Palakkad district is situated in the South West Coast of India. Chittur block is in Chittur Taluk in Palakkad District. It belongs to Central Kerala Division. It is located 16 KM towards South from District headquarters Palakkad. Chittur have a dry climate similar to Tamilnadu. Chittor block share it border boundary with Tamilnadu. This block has got six grama panchyats they are: Elappully, Eruthenathy, Kozhinjampara, Nallepilly, Perumatti, Polully, Vadakarapathy. Chittoor block has an area of290 sq .kms and is situated in the south of the district. It has 19 villages, six panchayats and one town. About 75 per cent of the people depend on agriculture for their livelihood. Industry employs less than 8 per cent and the remaining finds their employment in the tertiary sector. This block lies 180 meters above sea level. Agriculture occupies the foremost position in providing employment and as a source of livelihood. The block has a geographical area of 29,000 hectares. There is hardly any forest in the block. It is endowed with good irrigation facility from the Chittoorpuzha project.

Social and cultural history of Chittor

Sokanashini River flows through Chittur, and it is on the banks of this river Thunjathu Ramanujan Ezuthachan, the father of Malayalam language, spent his last days. His final resting place is famous for Vidyarambham celebrations, where young children are initiated into the world of words and knowledge.

Population, literacy and language of Chittor

As per Census 2011, Chittur's population is 162544. Out of this, 80240 are males whereas the females count 82304 here. This block has 14592 kids in the age group of 0-6 years. Out of this 7497 are boys and 7095 are girls. The ratio of men and women is 1023 Literacy rate in Chittur block is 72%. 118601 out of total 162544 populations are educated here. In males the literacy rate is 78% as 63021 males out of total 80240 are educated however female literacy rate is 67% as 55580 out of total 82304 females are literate in this Block. Inhabitants in this block speak Tamil and Malayalam. The language spoken by the people of the block is Malayalam, Tamil which is next in importance here. Those who have languages other than Malayalam as their mother tongue can generally understand and speak Malayalam. Tamil is common in Chittur Taluk and „Palakkad Taluk. Nearly 25 percent of the people are speaking Tamil as their mother tongue. Konkani, Tulu and Kannada speaking families are also seen here.

40 Agriculture

Chittor block has maintained Major portion of the cultivable area is used for raising food crops. About 80 percent of the rural population of this block is Agriculturists or Agricultural Laborers Paddy, Cereals and Millet Cotton and Groundnut are cultivated. The climate in the block is suitable for the cultivation of horticultural crops such as mango jackfruit, papaya etc. Plantation crops such as Rubber, Tea, Coffee etc. are planted in a big way in midland and highland regions.

Aht project in Chittor block, Palakkad

As per the data published by the National Commission for Women (NCW) with UNWOMEN that identified that Palakkad is among the three district which are most vulnerable to human trafficking in Kerala.

Analysis by AHT promoters Main reasons attributed to trafficking were the following:

Economic liability- Poverty is a major characteristic of Chittor block also and it is seen as a major cause of human trafficking here. The quest to improve the standard of living and basic needs makes people to accept whatever promises the traffickers offer them. Illiteracy- Though 72% of the population in literate still they were not aware and bothered about trafficking. They were not aware of the ills and effects of human trafficking and become more susceptible to fall prey to the traffickers. Urge to lead a luxurious life style- Everybody wants to live a luxurious life and if they are financially capable the can led it but for those who live in poverty with this kind of strong ambitions fell in trap and sometime this trap lead to human trafficking as well. Same thing happened in Chittor block as well. Increased number of children in the family, especially increased number of girl children- Most of the families in Chittor block have got more than 3 to 4 children and this led to poverty and crisis in family. In this situation they get ready to do whatever is offered to them for their livelihood. Border area with estate as source of livelihood and its corollaries of labor exploitation and violence Tamil marriages and Muslim marriages especially among minors Bonded labor system Family based practice of sex working, especially in border areas

41 The panchayaths of Chittur block come under AHT project are Nallepilly, Eruthenpathy, Vadakarapathy, Perumatty, Polpully, Elapully and Kozhinjampara. Our team mainly focused on Awareness creation, Field survey, Community Counseling activities, Survivors house visits and income generation programs. With the result of those activities, cases were identified from block. Main activities are Situational Analysis, BalasabhaTraining, CDS level training, Community Counseling day, Survivors‟ meeting, Awareness classes, Inaugural function of Migration center, Snehitha Gender Help desk etc.

Situational Analysis:

To know about the intensity of human trafficking, AHT Chittur conducted Situational Analysis in 7 panchayats of Chittur block. This analysis mainly focused on high risk groups of women and children, survivals of human trafficking in the form of education, marriage and employment. Through this situational analysis, we identified 7807 people who were affected by trafficking directly or indirectly. the information were collected with the help of officials from various departments like ICDS, Asha workers, Panchayat officials ,CDS members, Non government Organizations, School counselors, teachers, Police department etc. This analysis helped to identify the needy of this project in Chittur block.

Interventions done by AHT chittur Drawing competition was conducted to promote AHT by Balasabha children and their paintings were put for exhibition. Block level Awareness classes were conducted to make people aware about human trafficking.

42 Meetings were conducted by the support of CWC committee member to promote AHT. Block level school interventions conducted to make students aware about human trafficking. CDS, ADS level meetings were conducted including the families who were affected by human trafficking. CDS LEVEL TRAINING

43 44

Training program was conducted for resource persons. Awareness program was conducted to make Asha workers and Jagratha sameethy members bothered about human trafficking. Training program was conducted for CDS and ADS members. Victims of human trafficking were found through situation analysis. Enterprises loans were given to the victims of human trafficking.

This is how so many intervention, training programs and awareness classes were conducted in Chittor block Palakkad to promote AHT.

45 Here is the index about the cases reported to AHT Chittor, Palakkad:

S. No AHT cases Number CDS Total 1. Domestic Violence 2 Eruthenathy 2 Child Labor 1 Vadakarapathy 3 2. Issue of unmarried mother 1

Domestic Violence 1 3. Domestic Violence 2 Nallepilly 2 4. Issue of unmarried mother 1 Perumatti 1 5. To get source for livelihood 1 Kozhinjampara 1 Total 9

Migration Center- There is so many people in the block who have been out of district and state for the employment and studies so the migration center aims to collect the data about them. However in chitter block the in the list of migrants are the widows, separated and divorced ladies, single and unmarried mothers and those who had been in “Tamilnadu Kalyanam‟‟.

CDS

Sl. Number Sl. Total SC ST OBC OEC Muslims Kaunder lessCategory Married Unmarried Widows wives Deserted Bangalurukalyanam Divorcee 1 Nallepilly 25 3 - 11 1 - - 10 - 1 3 10 - -

46 2 Perumatti 32 5 2 11 - 4 - 10 3 2 5 12 - - 3 Vadakarapathy 32 4 - 4 2 - 1 21 1 - - 14 - - 4 Kozhinjampara 18 4 - 7 - - - 7 1 - - 9 - 1 5 Polpully 20 2 - 9 - - - 9 - - 2 4 3 3 6 Eruthenapathy 43 2 - 9 - 1 - 31 ------7 Elappully 4 - - - - - 4 ------Total 174 20 2 51 3 5 1 92 5 3 10 49 3 4

Convergence Meeting:

As the part of Migration center inauguration, Convergence meeting was conducted with various Government and non government officials, panchayat presidents and Media persons

Survivors Meeting

Survivor‟s identification meeting was completed in all 7 Panchayath in Chittur Block. As a part of it cases were indentified directly and indirectly. Identification of high risk groups was done with the help of community resource persons, CDS and Snehitha counselors. During identification process counseling was given to the survivors with the help of counselors. It helped to know about their need and requirements. House visit is completed with the help of RPs and understood the intensity of problems they are facing and suggested livelihood activities to upgrade their existing situation.

Sneitha Gender Hekp Desk, Chittur- Palakkad

Palakkad Snehitha is function at Kalekkad residential colony, nearer to Civil Station Palakkad. Snehitha is functioning in a rented building which consist 1 office room, 1 counseling room, a hall, 1 Service providers room, inmate room, 1 kitchen, a work area, 1 store room, toilets, and a car porch.

48 AHT Case Index in Palakkad

Sl. No AHT cases Number CDS Total 1 Domestic Violence 2 Eruthenpaty 2 Child labor 1 2 Problem of unmarried mother 1 Vadakarapathy 3 Domestic Violence 1 3 Domestic Violence 2 Nallepilli 2 4 Problem of unmarried mother 1 Perumatty 1 5 To get employment 1 Kozhinjampara. 1 Total 9

Drawing competition

As a part of AHT-IEC material preparation and awareness creation Water color painting competition was conducted for children of age group of12-17 in two categories (junior- 12-14 and senior 15-17) on 14/11/2015 at government Victoria college palakkad. 102 children participated and 74 spectators also part of the competition. Apart from that Anti Human Trafficking Resource Persons, Gender Resource Persons, Child Protection official, Drawing Teachers, DDUGKY coordinators ,ME consultant, Snehitha Staffs, CDS Chairpersons, Media persons were became part of the program. Winners got cash prize of (1000/-, 750/-, 500/-) and trophy for each category. A special memento was given to Pranav M B who is physically challenged drawn picture by his legs from Alathur CDS for his participation. Certificates were distributed to all participants. Nearly 176 persons became part of the program. Notices were distributed for awareness creation. A brief class was also taken about AHT.

Exhibition

An exhibition was conducted at hotel Gazala of painting competition on 9/12/2015. 250 people visited the exhibition.

News paper cuttings of aht programs

Enterprises

174 IGP beneficiaries are there in seven panchayaths of Chittur block in Palakkad district and 45 ME beneficiaries in 5 CDS. Below mention index shows the information about them:

53 Kudumbashree District Mission Palakkad- Details of IGP Beneficiaries S.No CDS Beneficiaries IGP Granted Number of Type Phase One Total IGP‟s number Amount

01 Eruthenathy 27 Goat rearing 8 160000 Garment 1 20000 200000 business Cow rearing 1 20000

02 Vadakarapathy 17 Goat rearing 11 220000 Auto repairing 1 20000 Stitching 3 60000 340000 Petty Shop 2 40000 03 Nallepilly 10 Cow rearing 3 60000

Goat rearing 5 100000 200000 Stitching 2 40000

04 Perumatti 8 Cow rearing 5 100000 Goat rearing 1 20000 Petty Shop 1 20000 160000 Stitching 1 20000

05 Polpully 8 Cow rearing 1 20000 Goat rearing 3 60000 160000 Stitching 4 80000 06 Kozhinjampara 0 - - - - 07 Elappully 0 - - - - Total 70 53 1060000

54 IGP VERIFICATION

MIGRATION CENTRE INAUGURATION

Aiming to provide services to high risk groups, a migration center was started at kozhinjampara on 24th of July. It was inaugurated by Shri.K.Achuthan MLA, Chittur Legislative Assembly. The function was presided by Kozhinjampara Panchayat President Sri Thanikachalam, Project manager- State Mission,Kudumbashree Smt.Soya Thomas, given a description on the project. .Bibith.K.B, State AHT Block Coordinator, District Mission Team, all CDS chairpersons and accountants from Chittoor block, CDS members, Officials from various Government and Non Government organizations and media persons participated in the inaugural function. The services of center are Counseling, Career Guidance, Registration center for migrants, Job consultancy etc.

58 Manathawady block in Wayanad

Mananthavady is a Block positioned in Wayanad district in Kerala. Wayanad District is situated on the eastern portion of kerala. Placed in rural area of Kerala, it is one of the 3 blocks of Wayanad district. As per the administration register, the block code of Mananthavady is 14. The block has 17 villages and there are total 59484 homes in this Block. The District is bounded on the North by Kodagu District of Karnataka State, on the East by Mysore District of Karnataka State and Nilgiri District of Tamilnadu State, on the South by Ernad Taluk of Malappuram District and Kozhikode Taluk of Kozhikode District on the West by Koyilandi and Vadakara Taluk of Kozhikode District and Thalassery Taluk of Kannur District. Mananthawady is the largest town in Wayanad. Mananthawady block is located on the banks of Mananthavady Puzha, a tributary of the Kabini River. Mananthawady block has got six panchayaths they are Edavaka, Mananthawady, Thavinjal,Vellamunda,Thondernad and Thirunelly. Mananthavady block is the base for Pakshipathalam, a boulder - strewn area in the forests of the Bramhagiri hills, excellent for trekking and bird watching and point to access Kuruva Deep Island and the Tholpetty Wildlife Sanctuary are very famous tourist attractions.

Social and cultural history- Mananthavady block has been referred to as "Hosenkadi" in a dictum scribbled under a copper artifact found at the Ananthanathaswamy Temple at Varadoor. The dominant view on the etymology is that the word is derived from "Mane Eytha Vady (The place where an arrow was shot at the deer)". This view is strengthened by the existence of a place called Ambukuthy, literally the location where the arrow pierced, on the outskirts of the town. This area was once ruled by the Pazhassi dynasty and the tomb of Pazhassi Raja is an important heritage site located in the heart of the town. Mananthavady was a major army camp for the British during their campaign against Pazhassi. One can still see the vestiges of the colonial period - canteen, club, barracks, rest house, cemetery - around Mananthavady. This is also the headquarters of the Adivasi Gothra Mahasabha. The District Hospital in Mananthavady is the only major treatment facility for the service of the tribal communities and other less privileged sections of Wayanad. one important characteristic feature of this district is the large adivasi population, consisting mainly of Paniyas, Kurumas, Adiyars, Kurichyas, Ooralis, Kadans,Kattunaikkans are the different aboriginal tribes of the block. The Kurichyar is the most developed among them. They are small land owners, whereas the members of other tribes are mostly labourers. Wayanad district stands first in the case of adivasi population (about 36%) among other districts

59 in the state. One fourth population of Wayanad is constituted by Christians. Muslims constitute another one fourth population and rest of the population belongs to Hindus.

Population of Mananthavady Block

As per Census 2011, Mananthavady's population is 260544. Out of this, 128752 are males while the females count 131792 here. This block has 30351 kids in the age group of 0-6 years. Out of this 15518 are boys and 14833 are girls.

Literacy rate of Mananthavady Block

Literacy rate in Mananthavady block is 78%. 203882 out of total 260544 populations are educated here. Among males the literacy rate is 81% as 104546 males out of total 128752 are educated however female literacy rate is 75% as 99336 out of total 131792 females are educated in this Block. The dark part is that illiteracy rate of Mananthavady block is 21%. Here 56662 out of total 260544 persons are illiterate. Male illiteracy rate here is 18% as 24206 males out of total 128752 are illiterate. In females the illiteracy rate is 24% and 32456 out of total 131792 females are illiterate in this block.

Agricultural status of Mananthavady Block

Mananthawady block, characterized by its high altitude, provides the right soil for the cultivation of perennial crops and spices. The count of occupied individual of Mananthavady block is 106082 yet 154462 are non-working. And out of 106082 occupied people 16267 persons are fully reliant on farming. One of the peculiar features of Mananthawady block is its coffee-based farming system. Coffee is cultivated in every panchayat in large plantations or in small holdings. Other major crops are coconut, paddy. While the tea, coffee and spices are grown in the hilly areas of the districts, the valleys here provide the right soil for paddy cultivation. Ginger and cardamom are important spices cultivated in the block. The government has introduced many projects which aim at enhancing the agriculture produces as well as the rehabilitation of tribes. These kinds of experimental projects include Sughandagiri Cardamom project in Vythiri and Priyadarsini Tea Estates at Mananthavady.

60 Objective of the AHT To bring down and contain human trafficking in the selected blocks. To facilitate rehabilitation of the victims, escapees and survivors identified by AHT cells, rescue organizations and Social Justice Department from across the state, and not just in the selected blocks. Technical skilling and economic rehabilitation Evolving gender sensitive & child friendly blocks Bringing in the affected and vulnerable to the Kudumbashree network Formation and strengthening Kudumbashree collectives by focusing on citizenship, social security and social justice Reintegration with the community

AHT Interventions

Data has been collected about those people who might get victim of human trafficking by the help of Kudumbashree three tier systems and through proper format. To promote AHT, Awareness program had been conducted in entire district including 26 local self- government institutions. Awareness programs had been conducted in all six panchayats of Mananthavady Block more than 10000 NHG members, elected representatives of local self-government took part in this. Block level training had been given to NGO members, panchyat members, CDS members. Awareness program had been conducted for District Mission staffs, Snehitha staffs, Gender RP‟s, Balasabha RP‟s, Community counselors. Two days training program had been conducted for the AHT RP‟s. One day training program had been conducted to introduce data collection form for the HRG group. Awareness program conducted for the representatives of child line, service provider of NGO‟s, and balasabha children of all 26 CDS of the block.

This is how the interventions conducted in the entire block to introduce AHT among the local people and to the government and non-government institutions.

61 Special intervention:

AHT – ADS level training program had been inaugurated by the Sub Collector Shree Sambasiva Rao.

District level awareness training program had been conducted for all Block panchayat presidents, and officers of all local self-government institution. Data collection program has been conducted by AHT RP‟‟s on the basis of situation analysis. Home visit had been done by AHT block coordinator and AHT RP‟s for those who have been found the AHT- HRG member. AHT blocks had been set up to get the complaints and solution for that at each CDS of the Manathavady block Migration center has been set up in Thirunelli panchayat of Mananthavady block. IGP Activities conducted.

Migration Centre

One Municipality and 5 panajayat in MananthavadI Block were initially selected as AHT Migration centre. The main centre is situated at Tirunelly Panjayat and Five Sub centers at Mananthavadi Panajayat,Tavinjal Panjayat,Thondarnad Panjayat,Vellamunda Panajayat and Edavaka panajayat. One Resource Person from each Panjayat was given the responsibility of their centre.

62 Sneitha Gender Help Desk, Mananthavady- Wynad

Snehitha Gender Help desk is functioning at place call Gudalai one and half kilometers away from Kalpetta town. Sneitha provide secure accommodation for women and girls who are at risk of or have been subjected to violence, although they contribute far more than just a safe place to stay. Snehitha provide essential aspects of protection, services and resources which enable women who have experienced abuse and their children to recover from the violence, to rebuild self-esteem, and to take steps to regain a self- determined and independent life. By now around 667 cases reported at Snehitha direct and over telephone.

Increase awareness and understanding among women and girls of what constitutes gender-based violence and violations of their human rights. Assist women leaving situations of violence to manoeuvre the judicial, police and social service systems in order to access the critical protection and support provided. Snehitha promote women‟s equality and often have a role in speaking out on systemic issues of discrimination, drawing links between individual women‟s experiences and the conditions of women within society that give rise to violence against them. Empower women to access and receive the range of institutional services and responses to which they are entitled and often require overcoming their experiences of abuse. Promote women‟s right to make informed decisions for her.

63 Increase the availability of adequate government resources for addressing the issue and strengthen the provision of appropriate services which respect women‟s confidentiality, decisions and needs. Intervention of Snehitha Wayanad

Awareness classes conducted at each CDS. With the help of excise department conducted awareness programs in ST colony School level interventions were made. Awareness classes were conducted in Aanganady for the mothers and adolescent girls. ADS level awareness given in each ward.

AHT Case index –Wynad

Sl. No AHT cases Numbers CDS Total Maintenance for wife and kid 2 Man missing 2 Family problem due to alcoholism 1 DV due to alcoholism 2 Neighbors trouble 1 Tirunelli 14 1 Geriatric issue 1 Extra marital affair 1 Family problem 1 Scandalized by neighbor 1 Counseling 2 Child labor 1 Job promise to women and children for the 1 Vellamunda 2 propose of trafficking 2 Mysoor wedding 1 3 Counseling 2 Edavaka 12 Family Problem 9

64 4 Thavinjal 5 Mananthavady 6 Family problem due to alcoholism 1 Domestic Violence 1 Thondarnad 8 Behavior issue 1 Mental problem 2 Family problem 1 Geriatric issue 1 Conflict between mother and daughter 1

Enterprises

By the situation analysis it is found that 376 IGP beneficiaries are there in six CDS of the block. 400000 Rupees had been given to 20 beneficiaries in first phase and 2915000 rupees had been given to 145 beneficiaries, apart from this 51000 rupees had been given as VRF to 24 beneficiaries.

65 Kudumbashree District Mission Wynad- Details of IGP Beneficiaries

IGP granted VRF granted

Sl. CDS Beneficiaries

No Enterprises First phase Second phase

Total

Number. Of IGP Number.Of Number Amount Number Amount Applications Granted 01. Goat rearing 5 100000 19 380000

Poultry 0 0 9 180000

Thirunelly 122 1040000

Cow rearing 0 0 18 360000

Stitching 0 0 6 120000

12*2250 27000 02. Goat rearing 4 80000 10 200000 Goat rearing 0 0 2 30000 Stitching 0 0 6 120000 Cow rearing 0 0 2 70000 Vellamunda 123 Poultry 0 0 10 105000 730000 Hen with coop 0 0 10 105000 Pappadam 0 0 1 10000

making

Lime making 0 0 1 10000

2*2250 4500 03. Thondernad 45 Cow rearing 0 0 5 175000 353000 0 0 Stitching 0 0 8 160000

04. Thavinjal Cow rearing 0 0 2 70000

45000

3*1500

Goat rearing 8 160000 13 160000

6* 13 22 50 50 0

66 63 Poultry 0 0 2 30000 640000 Hotel 0 0 2 40000 Stitching 0 0 9 180000 05. Mananthawady Candle making 1 20000 0 0 Goat rearing 2 40000 20000 Cow rearing 0 0 2 70000 11 Pappadam and 0 0 1 20000 snacks unit 245000 0 0 Stitching 0 0 2 40000 other 0 0 1 35000

06. Edavaka Goat rearing 0 0 1 20000

12 Poultry 0 0 4 60000 80000 1 1500 1500 Total 376 20 400000 145 2915000 25000 24 51000 Source: Sthree Padvi svayam padhana vibhagam, Districtict mission Wynad 2016

Impact- These are a number of innovative approaches that offer promise for preventing Human trafficking, domestic violence and abuse. Such intervention provides an important opportunity to reduce some of the long term consequences of such abuse and to deliver long term savings. These include approaches in schools to develop a zero tolerance approach to domestic violence and abuse, prevention through augmentations to parenting programs and through support to the quality of parenting relationships.

Evaluation-To examine the activities review meetings are taking place each month. It involves

collecting and analyzing information about a program's activities, characteristics, and outcomes. Meetings purpose is to make judgments about a program, to improve its effectiveness, and/or to inform programming decisions. DMC, ADMC, Block coordinator, gender consultant lead the review meeting. Apart from this review meeting internal meetings are also been conducted in Snehitha in every 10 days. One of the staff

67 among service provider and counselor takes charge of Snehitha for upcoming 10 days and becomes office in charge. And do the supervision of entire Snehitha activities.

Achievements of THE PROJECT

Since last three years AHT have sensitized these blocks on human trafficking, through meeting, seminar, conference etc. Migration Center has established for vulnerable, trafficked victims, adolescent children, girls and women. SHGs, youth and farmers clubs motivated to take up agriculture and allied sector, start income generation activities for livelihood promotion. Total 85 awareness programs organized at different places on Combat Human Trafficking, migration and livelihood promotion through convergence model. Skill enhancement training given to approx 418 youths through capacity building program, vocational training and EDP training. Total 105 youth trained on Bamboo crafts, carpentry, tailoring & embroidery. Develop good network and linkages with govt. and non govt. institution.