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Print This Article Volume 26, Number 2, 2019 اﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻟﺴﺎدﺳﺔ واﻟﻌﺸﺮون، اﻟﻌﺪد ٢، ٢٠١٩ :B S M I ٢٠١٩ T C , F L ، ٢ Asep Saepudin Jahar اﻟﻌﺪد واﻟﻌﺸﺮون، اﻟﺴﺎدﺳﺔ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻟﺴﺎدﺳﺔ واﻟﻌﺸﺮون، اﻟﻌﺪد Q’ E C: A T S N-A W I Mu’ammar Zayn Qadafy B M S W: I F W DC A Asna Husin E R-P T ﺗﻘـﻠﻴﺪ ﻧﻐﻮﻧﻴﺎ ﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻲ ﺑﻴﻐﺎﻳﺎﻣﺎن ﺑﺒﺎﻟﻲ: A M: E I ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻌﺔ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻠﺪة اﻟﻬﻨﺪوس Saiful Mujani ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﺎرف E-ISSN: 2355-6145 STUDIA ISLAMIKA STUDIA ISLAMIKA Indonesian Journal for Islamic Studies Vol. 26, no. 2, 2019 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Azyumardi Azra MANAGING EDITOR Oman Fathurahman EDITORS Saiful Mujani Jamhari Didin Syafruddin Jajat Burhanudin Fuad Jabali Ali Munhanif Saiful Umam Dadi Darmadi Jajang Jahroni Din Wahid Euis Nurlaelawati INTERNATIONAL EDITORIAL BOARD M. Quraish Shihab (Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University of Jakarta, INDONESIA) M.C. Ricklefs (Australian National University, AUSTRALIA) Martin van Bruinessen (Utrecht University, NETHERLANDS) John R. Bowen (Washington University, USA) M. Kamal Hasan (International Islamic University, MALAYSIA) Virginia M. Hooker (Australian National University, AUSTRALIA) Edwin P. Wieringa (Universität zu Köln, GERMANY) Robert W. Hefner (Boston University, USA) Rémy Madinier (Centre national de la recherche scientique (CNRS), FRANCE) R. Michael Feener (National University of Singapore, SINGAPORE) Michael F. Laffan (Princeton University, USA) Minako Sakai (e University of New South Wales, AUSTRALIA) Annabel Teh Gallop (e British Library, UK) Syafaatun Almirzanah (Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University of Yogyakarta, INDONESIA) ASSISTANT TO THE EDITORS Testriono Muhammad Nida' Fadlan Rangga Eka Saputra Abdullah Maulani ENGLISH LANGUAGE ADVISOR Benjamin J. Freeman Daniel Peterson Batool Moussa ARABIC LANGUAGE ADVISOR Tb. Ade Asnawi Ahmadi Usman COVER DESIGNER S. Prinka STUDIA ISLAMIKA (ISSN 0215-0492; E-ISSN: 2355-6145) is an international journal published by the Center for the Study of Islam and Society (PPIM) Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University of Jakarta, INDONESIA. It specializes in Indonesian Islamic studies in particular, and Southeast Asian Islamic studies in general, and is intended to communicate original researches and current issues on the subject. is journal warmly welcomes contributions from scholars of related disciplines. All submitted papers are subject to double-blind review process. STUDIA ISLAMIKA has been accredited by e Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education, Republic of Indonesia as an academic journal (Decree No. 32a/E/KPT/2017). STUDIA ISLAMIKA has become a CrossRef Member since year 2014. erefore, all articles published by STUDIA ISLAMIKA will have unique Digital Object Identier (DOI) number. STUDIA ISLAMIKA is indexed in Scopus since 30 May 2015. Editorial Office: STUDIA ISLAMIKA, Gedung Pusat Pengkajian Islam dan Masyarakat (PPIM) UIN Jakarta, Jl. Kertamukti No. 5, Pisangan Barat, Cirendeu, Ciputat 15419, Jakarta, Indonesia. Phone: (62-21) 7423543, 7499272, Fax: (62-21) 7408633; E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://journal.uinjkt.ac.id/index.php/studia-islamika Annual subscription rates from outside Indonesia, institution: US$ 75,00 and the cost of a single copy is US$ 25,00; individual: US$ 50,00 and the cost of a single copy is US$ 20,00. Rates do not include international postage and handling. Please make all payment through bank transfer to: PPIM, Bank Mandiri KCP Tangerang Graha Karnos, Indonesia, account No. 101-00-0514550-1 (USD), Swift Code: bmriidja Harga berlangganan di Indonesia untuk satu tahun, lembaga: Rp. 150.000,-, harga satu edisi Rp. 50.000,-; individu: Rp. 100.000,-, harga satu edisi Rp. 40.000,-. Harga belum termasuk ongkos kirim. Pembayaran melalui PPIM, Bank Mandiri KCP Tangerang Graha Karnos, No. Rek: 128-00-0105080-3 Table of Contents Articles 207 Asep Saepudin Jahar Bureaucratizing Sharia in Modern Indonesia: e Case of Zakat, Waqf and Family Law 247 Mu’ammar Zayn Qadafy Qur’anic Exegesis for Commoners: A ematic Sketch of Non-Academic Tafsīr Works in Indonesia 277 Asna Husin Being Muslim in a Secular World: Indonesian Families in Washington DC Area 319 Saiful Mujani Explaining Religio-Political Tolerance Among Muslims: Evidence from Indonesia 353 Muhamad Arif Taqlīd Ngunya li muslimī Pegayaman bi Bali: Taṭbīq al-sharī‘ah al-Islāmīyah fī baldat al-Hindūs Book Review 389 Endi Aulia Garadian Para Wali Nyentrik: Rekontekstualisasi Islamisasi di Tanah Jawa, Menantang Fundamentalisme Islam Document 407 Abdallah State, Religious Education, and Prevention of Violent Extremism in Southeast Asia Asep Saepudin Jahar Bureaucratizing Sharia in Modern Indonesia: e Case of Zakat, Waqf and Family Law Abstract: is article examines the “bureaucratization” of Sharia in Indonesia, giving special attention to zakat, waqf and other aspects of family law. e bureaucratization of Sharia aims to modernize the legal system for Muslims in order to provide certainty and justice in solving legal disputes. While some scholars view the incorporation of Sharia into state law as an attempt at Islamization, this study argues that this process reects increasing bureaucratization rather than Islamization. e incorporation of Sharia into state law is a project of formalizing a state-dened brand of Islam and Sharia legislation. is phenomenon has precedence in premodern Muslim governance and can be traced from the colonial period. In contemporary Indonesia, the Ministry of Religious Affairs and religious courts have played a central role in bureaucratizing Sharia. To support the argument, this study will explore Indonesian family law, including zakat and waqf. Keywords: Bureaucratization, Islamization, Shariatization, Waqf, Zakat, Family Law. 207 Studia Islamika, Vol. 26, No. 2, 2019 DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v26i2.7797 208 Asep Saepudin Jahar Abstrak: Artikel ini menjelaskan birokratisasi syariah di Indonesia dengan memberikan perhatian khusus pada contoh hukum serta pelaksanaan zakat, wakaf, dan hukum keluarga. Birokratisasi syariah bertujuan untuk memodernisasi sistem hukum bagi umat Islam dalam rangka memberikan kepastian dan keadilan dalam menyelesaikan sengketa hukum. Saat beberapa sarjana memandang bahwa inkorporasi hukum syariah ke dalam hukum negara sebagai upaya Islamisasi, kajian ini berpendapat bahwa fenomena ini justru menunjukkan penguatan birokratisasi daripada Islamisasi. Inkorporasi syariah ke dalam hukum negara adalah proyek formalisasi label hukum Islam dan syariah dalam perundang-undangan. Fenomena seperti ini sebenarnya bukan hal baru, tetapi telah dipraktekkan pada masa pemerintahan colonial. Dalam konteks Indonesia modern saat ini, Kementrian Agama dan Peradilan Agama telah memainkan peranan penting dalam terlaksananya birokratisasi syariah. Untuk memperkuat argumentasi tersebut, kajian akan difokuskan pada penerapan hukum zakat, wakaf dan hukum keluarga di Indonesia. Kata kunci: Birokratisasi, Islamisasi, Syariatisasi, Wakaf, Zakat, Hukum Keluarga. ﻣﻠﺨﺺ: ﺗﻨﺎول ﻫﺬا اﳌﻘﺎل ﺑﻘﺮﻃﺔ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻌﺔ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ إﻧﺪوﻧﻴﺴﻴﺎ ﻣﻊ إﻳﻼء اﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎم اﳋﺎص ﺑﻘﻮاﻧﲔ اﻟﺰﻛﺎة واﻟﻮﻗﻒ واﻷﺳﺮة، واﻟﱵ ﺪف إﱃ ﲢﺪﻳﺚ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺗﻮﻓﲑ اﻟﺜﻘﺔ واﻟﻌﺪاﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺣﻞ اﻟﻨﺰاﻋﺎت اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ. ﻓﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻳﺮى ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء أن دﻣﺞ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻌﺔ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ ﻫﻮ ﳏﺎوﻟﺔ ﻷﺳﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﻘﻮاﻧﲔ، ﻓﺈن ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﺗﺮى أن ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻌﻜﺲ، ﰲ واﻗﻊ اﻷﻣﺮ، ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰا ﻟﻠﺒﲑوﻗﺮاﻃﻴﺔ ﺑﺪﻻً ﻣﻦ اﻷﺳﻠﻤﺔ. إن دﻣﺞ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻌﺔ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺸﺮوع إﺿﻔﺎء اﻟﻄﺎﺑﻊ اﻟﺮﲰﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺎت أﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻌﺔ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎت. وﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮة ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة، ﺑﻞ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﲤﺎَرس ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ. وﰲ ﺳﻴﺎق إﻧﺪوﻧﻴﺴﻴﺎ اﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ، ﻓﻘﺪ ﻟﻌﺒﺖ وزارة اﻟﺸﺆون اﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ، واﶈﺎﻛﻢ اﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ دوًرا رﺋﻴﺴﺎ ﰲ ﺑﻘﺮﻃﺔ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻌﺔ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ. وﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ دﻋﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ اﳊﺠﺔ، ﺗﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﺰﻛﺎة، واﻟﻮﻗﻒ، وﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﻷﺳﺮة ﰲ إﻧﺪوﻧﻴﺴﻴﺎ. اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﳌﻔﺘﺎﺣﻴﺔ: ﺑﻘﺮﻃﺔ، أﺳﻠﻤﺔ، ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻌﺔ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ، اﻟﻮﻗﻒ، اﻟﺰﻛﺎة، ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﻷﺳﺮة. DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v26i2.7797 Studia Islamika, Vol. 26, No. 2, 2019 Bureaucratizing Sharia in Modern Indonesia 209 he institutionalization of Islamic law (sharia) in Indonesia is not exclusively dened by the emergence of Shariatization Tin itself, but rather by the need for regulated administrative processes in religious practices that involve public matters. is procedure requires an institutional infrastructure in which the state is in authority. e incorporation of religion into the bureaucratic process can be considered a form of “substantive rationality” in which the content of the law is ‘rational’ because it is derived from an external ideology and belief system (Mohamad 2010, 505–24, 509). Islamic jurisprudence as developed by classical Muslim jurists requires adaptation and reinterpretation in accordance with the values and diversity of society. is both fulls Muslim needs and also embodies social balance and harmony. e incorporation of Sharia into the legal system is, among other processes, an attempt to full societal interests and the rationalization of law. For instance, Sharia rules about marriage and economic activity are so embedded in Muslim social life that they require specic regulation in order to secure justice and harmony. is analysis examines the emerging mode of religious (Islamic) bureaucratization in Indonesia. Some scholars claim that the rise of Shariatization is an effort to consolidate political power, especially in the enforcement of Sharia by-laws in a number of Indonesian districts (Buehler 2008, 225–85). Sharia by-laws are a viable way for political candidates to attract constituent support in order to gain power in district offices. Broadly speaking, while it is acknowledged that Sharia by-laws are a useful means of addressing many of the challenges local political elites
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