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Community Seed Production Workshop Proceedings 9-11 December 2013 Community Seed Produc on ICRISAT is a member of the CGIAR Consor um The Interna onal Crops Research ICRISAT-India (Headquarters) ICRISAT-Mali (Regional hub WCA) Ins tute for the Semi-Arid Patancheru 502 324 BP 320, Bamako, Mali Tropics (ICRISAT) is a non-profi t, Telangana, India Tel +223 20 709200, Fax +223 20 709201 non-poli cal organiza on that Tel +91 40 30713071 [email protected] Fax +91 40 30713074 conducts agricultural research for ICRISAT-Mozambique [email protected] development in Asia and sub-Saharan C/o IIAM, Av. das FPLM No 2698 Africa with a wide array of partners ICRISAT-Liaison Offi ce Caixa Postal 1906, Maputo, Mozambique throughout the world. Covering 6.5 CG Centers Block, NASC Complex, Tel +258 21 461657, Fax +258 21 461581 million square kilometers of land in Dev Prakash Shastri Marg, New Delhi 110 012, India [email protected] Tel +91 11 32472306 to 08 55 countries, the semi-arid tropics ICRISAT-Niger Fax +91 11 25841294 have over 2 billion people, of whom BP 12404, Niamey, Niger (Via Paris) 644 million are the poorest of the ICRISAT-Ethiopia Tel +227 20722529, 20722725 poor. ICRISAT innova ons help the C/o ILRI Campus, PO Box 5689 Fax +227 20734329 ICRISAT dryland poor move from poverty to Addis Ababa, Ethiopia [email protected] prosperity by harnessing markets Tel: +251-11 617 2541 ICRISAT- Nigeria while managing risks – a strategy Fax: +251-11 646 1252/646 4645 [email protected] PMB 3491 called Inclusive Market-Oriented Sabo Bakin Zuwo Road, Tarauni, Kano, Nigeria ICRISAT-Kenya (Regional hub ESA) About Development (IMOD). Tel: +234 7034889836; +234 8054320384, PO Box 39063, Nairobi, Kenya +234 8033556795 ICRISAT is headquartered in Tel +254 20 7224550, Fax +254 20 7224001 Editors: CO Ojiewo, S Kugbei, Z Bishaw and JC Rubyogo [email protected] Patancheru, Telangana, India, with [email protected] two regional hubs and six country ICRISAT-Malawi ICRISAT-Zimbabwe offi ces in sub-Saharan Africa. It is a Chitedze Agricultural Research Sta on Matopos Research Sta on member of the CGIAR Consor um. PO Box 1096, Lilongwe, Malawi PO Box 776, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe CGIAR is a global research Tel +265 1 707297, 071, 067, 057, Fax +265 1 707298 Tel +263 383 311 to 15, Fax +263 383 307 partnership for a food secure future. [email protected] [email protected] About ICRISAT: www.icrisat.org ICRISAT’s scien fi c informa on: h p://EXPLOREit.icrisat.org Order Code: CPE 173 453-2014 ISBN 978-92-5-108751-0 This work is being undertaken 9 789251 087510 as part of the I4553E/1/04.15 Cita on: FAO & ICRISAT. 2015. Community Seed Produc on, by Ojiewo CO, Kugbei S, Bishaw Z & Rubyogo JC, eds. Workshop Proceedings, 9-11 December 2013. FAO, Rome & ICRISAT, Addis Ababa. 176 pp. Disclaimer “The designa ons employed and the presenta on of material in this informa on product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture organiza on of the United Na ons (FAO), or of the Interna onal Crops Research Ins tute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area of its authori es, or concerning the delimita on of its fron ers or boundaries. The men on of specifi c companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO, or ICRISAT in preference to others of a similar nature that are not men oned. The views expressed in this informa on product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily refl ect the views or policies of FAO or ICRISAT.” FAO and ICRISAT encourage the use, reproduc on and dissemina on of the material in this informa on product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO and ICRISAT as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s and ICRISAT’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way. All requests for transla on and adapta on rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be made via www.fao.org/licence-request or addressed to [email protected]. FAO informa on products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publica ons) and can be purchased through publica [email protected]. “© FAO and ICRISAT, 2015” ISBN 978-92-5-108751-0 Community Seed Production Workshop Proceedings 9-11 December 2013 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Technical Editors C.O. Ojiewo, S. Kugbei, Z. Bishaw and J.C. Rubyogo Language Editor S. Sridharan Science with a human face The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), or of the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO, or ICRISAT in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO, or ICRISAT. FAO and ICRISAT encourage the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO and ICRISAT as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s and ICRISAT’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way. All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be made via www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request or addressed to [email protected]. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publications) and can be purchased through [email protected] © FAO and ICRISAT, 2015 ii Contents Preface 1 Review of Community Seed Production Practices in Africa Part 1: Implementation Strategies and Models 3 Stephen Walsh, Tom Remington, Samuel Kugbei and Chris O. Ojiewo Review of Community Seed Production Practices in Africa Part 2: Lessons Learnt and Future Perspective 29 Stephen Walsh, Tom Remington, Samuel Kugbei and Chris O. Ojiewo Local Seed Business in the Context of Integrated Seed Sector Development 39 Marja H. Thijssen, Gareth Borman, Karen Verhoosel, Astrid Mastenbroek and Willem Heemskerk2 A framework for Understanding Sustainability of Community-Based Seed Production System 46 Keshav L. Maharjan and Narayan P Khanal Are Farmer-Based Seed Enterprises Profitable and Sustainable? Experiences of VBSEs from Afghanistan 55 Zewdie Bishaw and Abdoul Aziz Niane Legumes Seed System in Asia: A Case in India 65 M.G. Mula, K.B. Saxena, P. Gaur and H. Upadhyaya Farmer-Led Seed Enterprises as a Strategy for Improving Smallholder Income through Private Contracting and Community Seed Production of Traditional Vegetables in Tanzania 71 Victor Afari-Sefa, Daniel Kimani Karanja, Srinivasulu Rajendran, Takemore Chagomoka, Silivesta Samali, Alphonce Katunzi, Hamis Mtwaenzi, Lydia Kimenye and Radegunda Kessy Community Seed Production of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and Lentil (Lens culinaris Medic) in Ethiopia 80 Million Eshete, Sherif Aliye, Asnake Fikre and Chris O. Ojiewo Integrated Seed Sector Development in Ethiopia: Local seed business development as an entrepreneurial model for community-based seed production in Ethiopia 88 Amsalu Ayana, Gareth Borman, Abishkar Subedi, Fetien Abay, Hussein Mohammed, Kedir Nefo, Nigussie Dechassa, and Tadesse Dessalegn Local seed businesses in Uganda: a market-oriented approach towards community seed production 98 Astrid Mastenbroek Sustainable Seed Systems for Family Farming: Promoting More Inclusive Public Institutions – Lessons Learned from Mesoamerica 105 Allan Hruska Experience on Certified Seed Production with Associated Family Farmers in the Highlands of Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru 113 Gonzalo Tejada, Tania Santivañez, Javier Aguilera, Nicola Mastrocola and Rember Pinedo iii Sustainable seed systems, productivity of grains and resilience in family agriculture in Central America 120 Luis E. Alvarez Welchez, Allan Hruska, W. Hugo, B. Moscoso, C.M. Garcma, R. Harrison, E. Navarro, F. Romero, R. Araya, L. Pinto and M. Ruiz Organizational Performance and its Relation to Household Level Economic Indicators: Evidence from Community-Based Rice Seed Production in Nepal 124 Narayan P. Khanal and Keshav Lall Maharjan Appendix 1. Indicators and scores used to assess the capacity of CBSPOs 134 Strategies to build viable community seed system in India for sustainable seed and food security 136 Sushil Pandey, Chitra Devi Pandey, Vilas A Tonapi and Sandeep Kumar Making seed of improved groundnut varieties more accessible to smallholder farmers: Lessons and alternative approaches in Malawi 144 Moses Siambi, Patrick Okori, Felix Sichali, Oswin Madzonga and Patrick Audi Sustainable Access to Quality Seed by Small Holders: The Case of Decentralized Seed Production of Common Bean in Ethiopia 150 KidaneTumsa, J.C. Rubyogo and Kassaye Negash Integrated Bean Seed Systems in Africa: Implications for Community Seed Production 157 E.K. Maereka and J.C. Rubyogo The future of community seed production in light of modern plant breeding and global seed regulations 164 Guy Kastler, Antonio Onorati and Bob Brac de la Perrière iv Preface During the 1970s and 1980s, seed system support in developing countries was focused on strengthening public sector institutions including agricultural research centers, extension services and state-owned seed corporations.
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