34350 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE December 8, 1987 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Tuesday, December 8, 1987 The House met at 12 noon and was The agreement represents the most HOUR OF MEETING ON called to order by the Speaker pro intrusive verification requirements in TOMORROW tempore [Mr. FOLEY]. the history of arms control, and that Mr. FROST. Mr. Speaker, I ask is a great precedent. UJ:\animous consent that when the Mr. Speaker, those are three great DESIGNATION OF SPEAKER PRO House adjourns today, it adjourn to precedents and therein lies my re­ meet at noon tomorrow. TEMPORE straint because the INF Treaty de­ The SPEAKER pro tempore laid The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is serves support not because of what it there objection to the request of the before the House the following com­ achieves but because of what it might munication from the Speaker: gentleman from Texas? achieve because of what it stands for There was no objection. \VASHINGTON,I>C, as a precedent. Only if it achieves its December 8, 1987. promise, an agreement in reduction in I hereby designate the Honorable THOMAS conventional forces and strategic nu­ BASE CAMP 1: THE INF TREATY S. FOLEY to act as Speaker pro tempore clear weaponry, will the great prece­ today.

D This symbol represents the time of day during the House proceedings, e.g., D 1407 is 2:07 p.m. Matter set in this typeface indicates words inserted or appended, rather than spoken, by a Member of the House on the floor. December 8, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 34351 The fact that the Farm Credit known as the "community connec- suppose that comment passes for the System turned in a $4 million profit in tion." spirit of Christmas among the Sandi- the last reporting period is dangerous­ In response to a proposal I made sev- nista commandantes. ly misleading. A closer examination eral months ago, Pacific Northwest proves that if its loan volume contin­ Bell, the regional phone company, has ues to decline, the interest income con­ agreed to provide free, community A PLEA TO SECRETARY GORBA- tinues to decline and several other telephones at 14 community centers CHEV IN BEHALF OF THE TU- throughout the State. FELDS problems persist. -- Without taking funds away from ac­ This means that local telephone

91-059 0-89-26 (Pt. 24) 34358 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE December 8, 1987 By Representative MILLER have been vate property ownership base among the re­ ly concerning my amendment on peace highly successful in the U.S. in facilitating gion's people and the decentralization of po­ and democracy in Nicaragua. employee ownership, and have often litical power to levels at which true citizen­ Mr. Chairman, I believe the amend­ brought with it improved productivity. The ship can be exercised. ment I offer today is a very necessary debt for ESOP equity sway offers a promis­ This is admittedly a challenging task for ing technique for using a nation's foreign step in filling a void as far as the ex­ all parties, but it must be faced if the pectations of this body relating to the debt to finance the conversion of an indus­ common goal of all our peoples is to be try to employee ownership. The U.S. should achieved. implementation of a plan to bring offer selected trade advantages to products about democracy and peace to the peo­ of employee-owned enterprises in the Mr. Chairman. I rise in support of ples of Nicaragua. region, such as lower tariffs and quota ex­ my amendment on relations with the There must be a benchmark with emptions. Investment in such enterprises private sector in El Salvador. which to measure the progress of a would be encouraged by authorizing tax The economic crisis that El Salvador preferences for U.S. Expanded Ownership has suffered in this decade has been a policy based on true democratic oppor­ Investment Corporations. Properly designed serious setback for the advancement tunity and respect for the rights and land reform can help to bring ownership to of democracy and human rights. The dignities of all Nicaraguans. tenant farmers and their cooperatives, and combination of a devastating earth­ Mr. Chairman, the means have replaced the land banks, such as those long used in ends as the focus of America's debate and Canada, might be helpful in facilitating quake last year and the ongoing Marx­ ist guerrilla war have combined to policy on Nicaragua. We have lost sight of any land transfers. worthy goals we shared for Central America. VI. GRASSROOTS DEVELOPMENT reduce the chance for economic devel­ opment in El Salvador to almost zero. Meanwhile the debate on America's role in Proposals for macroeconomic expansion the region has degenerated to a futile pattern must always be supplemented with Policies The government of President Duarte to encourage development at the grassroots, has labored valiently to overcome the of divisive bickering and second guessing be­ in the villages. Programs such as those of political and security challenges to his tween the supporters and opponents of the U.S. InterAmerican Foundation, Nation­ administration, but he has not been Contra aid. As a result, about the only thing al Development Foundations, and small able to respond effectively to the eco­ that's clear regarding our Central American scale credit institutions need additional sup­ nomic challenges thus far. The role of policy is that we are sorely lacking one. port. Genuine member-controlled coopera­ the private sector in helping to boost Thankfully, the Guatemala peace accords tives, appropriate technology, enterprise have presented us with the historic opportuni­ zones and programs of education for eco­ the economy should not be over­ nomic achievement are additional efforts looked. ty to break this spiral of mistrust and confu­ that have been helpful to grassroots devel­ In the early days of his Presidency, sion. For despite their differences on the opment programs. Duarte emphasized the effort he methods, those on both sides of the issue of VII. STRENGTHENING FREE DEMOCRATIC would make in reaching out to the pri­ United States aid to Nicaraguan resistance INSTITUTIONS vate sector and named a special advis­ share common democratic goals-the same Additional emphasis should be placed on er for that purpose. In these past few goals which were generally agreed to in the the creation of genuine local self-govern- years, however, the relationship be- peace accords. 34360 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE December 8, 1987 In signing the Central American peace Bar Association, and Lino Hernandez, execu­ End detention, intimidation, and other coer­ accord on August 7, 1987, the Nicaraguan tive director of the Permanent Commission for cive measures on the basis of religious affili­ Government pledged "to promote respect for Human Rights. ation. Both Catholics and Protestants, who are human rights" and to ensure "the full exercise Reinstate the Nicaraguan constitutional members of churches not actively supportive of all civil and political rights." Under the rights to due process that are now suspended of the Sandinista party, have been imprisoned, peace plan, Nicaragua is specifically required by the state of emergency. These rights in­ and threatened. Refugee pastors report that to establish "complete freedom of press, tele­ clude the rights of all prisoners to habeas entire male congregations have been impris­ vision and radio," "for all ideological groups" corpus, to be informed of charges upon arrest, oned. "without prior censorship"; to grant political to appeal to a higher court, to be presumed End coercion against religious believers to groupings "broad access to communications innocent until proven guilty, to not testify join pro-Sandinista groups or to incorporate media," and full exercise of the rights of asso­ against oneself, and to consult an attorney Sandinista ideology into religious teachings. ciation, free speech and movement "in order upon arrest. LABOR UNIONS to proselytize"; to decree an amnesty guaran­ Permit the International Committee of the Ensure labor unions the right to strike­ teeing "freedom in all its forms" and to termi­ Red Cross [ICRC] and independent human banned since 1981-to bargain collectively, to nate state of emergency laws, while reestab­ rights observers, families and lawyers to visit demonstrate, to meet publicly, and to take lishing "the full exercise of all constitutional all detainees and prisoners and to inspect other nonviolent collective action to press for guarantees." conditions in all places of confinement. Cur­ labor rights. Compliance with the peace plan goes rently the jails of the Interior Ministry's State Release all labor unionists currently impris­ beyond the mere reopening of La Prensa, and Security forces are off limits to the ICRC and oned in connection with nonviolent union ac­ Catholic radio and the repatriation of three the rest of the public. tivities. Hundreds of independent unionists exiled Catholic priests. Sandinista restrictions End the practice of holding detainees and have been imprisoned over the past 8 years, on human rights extend to virtually every seg­ prisoners incommunicado. Currently state se­ including all 7 directors of the CTN, one of Ni­ ment of society-the media, church groups, curity prisoners are generally held in isolation caragua's democratic labor confederations. labor unions, opposition political parties, End all harassment and pressure against in­ human rights groups, Indians, and Creoles, for the first several weeks, or even months, of dependent unions. Bodies of both the ILO and campesinos, prisoners, students, teachers and detention. It is during this period when torture others. The Nicaraguan Government must is most likely to occur. the Organization of American States have take numerous, but fundamental, steps to Abolish conditions of confinement that, publicly criticized the Nicaraguan Government meet its human rights commitments. These in­ themselves, constitute a form of torture. Nu­ for using such pressures as the withholding of clude but are not limited to the following: merous prisoners of the State Security forces food rations, cooking oil, bank loans and fertil­ report having been held in "Chiquitas" or un­ izers, job dismissals, turba attacks and threats INDIVIDUAL CIVIL LIBERTIES derground, closet-size cells, cells partially to coerce unionists away from independent Ensure to all citizens the rights to freedom filled with sewer water, or in covered holes in unions and into Sandinista-controlled unions. of expression, association, assembly, and the ground. Allow union publications to reopen and give movement, currently restricted by the state of End all other forms of torture and punish of­ legal recognition to all democratic labor emergency decree. fenders. The most frequent reports of torture unions, including those affiliated with the Restore the Nicaraguan constitutional rights by former prisoners include prolonged food, democratic confederation CUS, which have to security of person, the inviolability of the water or sleep deprivation, severe beatings, been seeking legal status for several years. home, and freedom from warrantless arrests, and mock executions. all currently suspended by the state of emer­ POLITICAL PARTIES gency decree. CHURCH GROUPS Allow political parties to hold marches and Stop coercive measures against citizens to Allow the Catholic Church to reopen its public outdoor meetings, which are currently join or attend Sandinista party groups, such as social welfare office, human rights office, restricted by the state of emergency. the neighborhood Sandinista Defense Com­ newspaper, and radio station. All were closed End the practice of jailing opposition party mittees. by the Government between October 1985 activists, and drafting them or their children in Cease applying the military draft in a dis­ and January 1986. reprisal for nonviolent political activity. The criminatory or punitive fashion. Allow Cardinal Obando y Bravo to resume Social Christian Party, the Independent Liberal Ensure the right to academic freedom. his Sunday television broadcast of the Mass. Party, the Social Democratic Party, and the Allow the rights of all citizens, including ref~ The Mass was banned from television by the Conservative Party report that many hundreds ugees and exiles, to return to the country. Am­ Sandinistas in 1981. of their members, particularly the midlevel nesty should extend to all political prisoners Allow the return of all 20 expelled Catholic leadership in the countryside, have been im­ and rebels willing to lie down their arms. priests. The expelled priests, none of whom prisoned over the past 8 years. POLITICAL PRISONERS received due process, include the spiritual di­ End Government infiltration of party meet­ Release all persons imprisoned without due rector of the Nicaraguan Catholic Seminary ings and all pressure against opposition party process or a fair trial, including all persons im­ and the founder of 352 peasant communities, membership to spy on party activities or in­ prisoned under vague political charges, tried the director of the Catholic Youth Center, the criminate party leaders. in extraordinary tribunals and police courts, or directors of the Managua and Masaya Catho­ Permit the democratic opposition free others covered under the envisioned amnesty lic youth centers, and the director of a large access to the media and allow them to oper­ decree. The number of such prisoners is be­ grassroots conversion movement, as well as ate their own publications. lieved to be several thousand, in addition to Bishop Vega, the vice president of the Nicara­ Permit opposition parties to freely publicize the about 2,300 imprisoned former Somoza guan Bishops Conference, and Monsignor party meetings and to travel within the country national guardsmen. Carballo, the spokesman for the Nicaraguan to attend such meetings. Abolish the extraordinary tribunals, called Church. THE MEDIA Popular Anti-Somocista Tribunals. These Repeal article 124 of the 1987 Nicaraguan Allow the establishment of all publications, courts, which are outside the Nicaraguan con­ Constitution, which in effect bars religious including those previously shut down by the stitutional framework, are where most convict­ courses from the curriculum of even private Government, including La Prensa, the private ed political prisoners are tried. In the first part religious schools. newsletter Prisma, the bulletins of the CUS of 1986, these tribunals had a trial level con­ Allow alternative service or conscientious and CTN labor confederations, Iglesia, the viction rate of 100 percent. objector status to those, on the basis of deep newspaper of the Catholic Church, and the Rescind extraordinary powers of police religious conviction, oppose the military draft. bulletins of the various political parties. forces to conduct trials, decide appeals, and Stop prohibiting certain Protestant evangeli­ End prepublication censorship, currently im­ sentence individuals to prison terms. On cals from holding or attending prayer meet­ posed on all newspapers, and journals. August 15, 1987, such powers were used by ings, evangelizing or preaching. Several evan­ End restrictions of newsprint. La Prensa, a the Sandinista police to arrest, try, convict, gelical pastors, now in Honduran and Costa 40--60 page paper at the time of the revolu­ sentence, decide the appeal and detain Al­ Rican refugee camps, report that such reli­ tion, was by the time of its closing limited by berto Saboria, the president of the Nicaraguan gious restrictions forced them into exile. the Government to 6 pages of newsprint daily. December 8, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 34361 End economic harassment of independent dress past grievances and guarantee auton­ ments throughout the world. I want to publishers. La Prensa, at the time of its clos­ omy for the indigenous peoples of the Atlantic thank Mr. FASCELL, the chairman of ing, was threatened by bankruptcy from state­ Coast; cease Sandinista military occupation the Foreign Affairs Committee, for his imposed employee salary increases concomi­ and control over civilians; and permit return to help in perfecting and improving my tant with state-imposed restrictions on the indigenous civilian rule in all towns and vil­ amendment on Haiti. price of the newspaper. lages in the region. Recently the world watched in Allow private television broadcasting. Two End arbitrary arrests, detentions and threats horror while the bright promise of de­ private groups of Nicaraguans-a business against the residents of the Atlantic coast. mocracy in Haiti was dashed by a wave group headed by Enrique Bolanos and an­ Permit the return of all Indian and Creole of convulsive violence. Murder and other group led by the well-known former refugees and exiles to their homes in Nicara­ terror were used to deny the Haitian news executive Fabio Gadea Mantilla are cur­ gua; provide compensation for the reconstruc­ people free and fair elections. The Na­ rently seeking television broadcasting licenses tion of houses and communities destroyed by tional Governing Council has utterly from the Government. the Government; and grant amnesty to all re­ failed the Haitian people. Allow the reopening of the same 25 private turnees. news programs, closed or taken over by the End the practice begun in 1981 of forcible This amendment sends an unequivo­ Government beginning in 1982. relocation and permit Atlantic coast residents cal message to that government, and I Limit censorship to that which is strictly nec­ to return to their home communities. Several use the term loosely, that the United essary for "the protection of national security, thousand Indians still remaining in the "Tasba States will not support or tolerate or of public order or of public health or Pri" relocation camps should be given all as­ those who would deny the Haitian morals," as provided under international sistance necessary to return to their homes. people their right to freedom and de­ human rights law. In the last year of its oper­ Cease all aerial bombing and strafing at­ mocracy. ation, La Prensa reported that between 40 tacks on civilians and their villages, homes The Pinochet regime in Chile also and 60 percent of its copy was deleted by and property. Cease burning and destruction seeks to sail against the tide of emerg­ censorship. of Indian farms, livestock and crops. Such ac­ ing democratic movements in the End all arbitrary arrests and turba attacks tions have been part of the Sandinista coun­ Americas. Through continued and new against journalists, writers, and publishers. terinsurgency strategy since the early 1980's. restrictions on the press and opposi­ HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS Permit Indians and Creoles freely to engage tion political parties, General Pino­ End all jailings, the deprivation of food ra­ in farming, fishing, hunting, and commercial chet apparently seeks to perpetuate tions, threats and other pressures directed in activities necessary for their subsistence in his regime and suppress any viable reprisal against the women in the Mothers of the Atlantic coast region. Cease the imposi­ democratic opposition. Political Prisoners Movement, Lino Hernandez tion of restrictive licensing and marketing con­ This amendment tells General Pino­ and the staff of the Permanent Commission trols that now deny basic necessities to the chet that we see through his actions for Human Rights [CPDH], Alberto Saborio, people. and states our true intentions-the President of the Nicarguan Bar Association Permit all independent Indian and Creole support of emerging democratic move­ and defense attorneys. A number of members political, cultural, economic, and social organi­ ments in the Americas. of each of these groups have been joined in zations to operate freely in the region. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair will the past, the most recent example being the CAMPESINOS (PEASANT FARMERS) state that the gentleman from Califor­ imprisonment without due process of Saborio Abolish the current practice of preventive nia [Mr. LAGOMARSINO] has 2 minutes and Hernandez during August 1987. detention of campesinos in areas where con­ remaining and the gentleman from Allow independent human rights defenders tras are present. Florida CMr. FAscELLl has 6 minutes to hold meetings and travel freely throughout Release all campesinos currently impris­ remaining. the country to monitor human rights condi­ oned without charges or due process. Accord­ Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Chairman, I tions. ing to reports of journalists, human rights have no requests for time now, and I Give the CPDH, attorneys and foreign inde­ groups, refugees and the Inter-American Com­ reserve the balance of my time. pendent human rights defenders access to all mission on Human Rights of the OAS, many Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Chair­ tribunals to observe proceedings and to all hundreds of campesinos have been detained man, I yield 2 minutes, the balance of places of detention to inspect conditions and on the slightest suspicion of Contra involve­ my time, to the gentleman from New meet with prisoners. ment. Jersey [Mr. SMITH]. Permit human rights defenders to report Cease all aerial bombing and strafing at­ Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. freely on their findings both in their own re­ tacks against civilians, their villages, homes Chairman, I thank my friend, the gen­ ports and through the general media. and property. Refugees report such attacks tleman from California, for yielding INDIANS AND CREOLES OF THE ATLANTIC COAST between late 1984 and late 1986, particularly this time to me. Permit free access to and movement within in the areas of Contra presence around Nueva Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of the Atlantic coast region. Freedom of move­ Guinea, in southern Zelaya department. the provisions offered en bloc by the ment and access should be guaranteed all in­ Cease the counterinsurgency practice of chairman of the full committee to title digenous residents and leaders-whether cur­ burning and destroying crops, livestock and rently in Nicaragua or in exile-and for mem­ food supplies of campesinos. VII and would like to call attention to bers of the news media, for independent End the policy of forcibly resettling campe­ an amendment included in the pack­ human rights and humanitarian organizations, sinos in areas of contra presence to Sandi­ age which I am offering to boost the church leaders, labor leaders and others. The nista-controlled resettlement camps; release budget authority of the Peace Corps government should stop requiring Indians and and facilitate the return of campesinos cur­ from $142.2 million to $145.2 million other Atlantic Coast residents to carry special rently held in such camps to their homes. for fiscal year 1988 and fiscal year identification cards and permits to travel, hunt, End pressures against campesinos to join 1989. fish, farm and carry out commercial activities. Sandinista farming cooperatives, or to join and Mr. Chairman, I think it is impor­ Permit the Indians and other indigenous attend meetings of Sandinista political organi­ tant to point out that my amendment peoples and their organizations freely to as­ zations, such as Sandinista Defense Commit­ has been slightly modified. Instead of semble, speak, publish, disseminate written tees. earmarking funds within the ESF ac­ material, and broadcast. The Government Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Chair­ count for Peace Corps activities in should return to its prior owners the independ­ man, I yield 2 minutes to the gentle­ Costa Rica, the amendment draws on ent Atlantic Coast radio station, previously man from Washington CMr. MILLER]. new funds made available in the bill known as Radio Ver, which Sandinista officials Mr. MILLER of Washington. Mr. by the House-passed Dorgan amend­ took over in 1981. Chairman, today I offer two amend­ ment. As a result, the Peace Corps will Seek to establish peace with armed Indian ·ments on Haiti and Chile which ex­ receive an added $3 million in budget and Creole opposition forces through negotia­ press this Nation's unwavering sup­ authority to be used for its programs tions leading to an agreement that would re- port of emerging democratic move- in Costa Rica. 34362 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE December 8, 1987 Mr. Chairman, I think it is prudent national police, will be subject to a "yes" or In August of this year with the cosponsor­ for the House to take this opportunity "no" vote by the electorate. ship of the House Foreign Affairs Committee to transfer this money in the bill to Free, contested, pluralistic elections are es­ chairman, DANTE FASCELL, and our colleague the Peace Corps. Members may recall sential prerequisites to the existence of a de­ SAM GEJDENSON, I introduced a resolution that the 1985 Foreign Assistance Act mocracy. The upcoming plebiscite does not that asks the Chilean junta to ensure that prior required, to the maximum extent pos­ constitute such a free and genuine election to any electoral process, freedom of assembly sible, the Peace Corps to expand its because voters are not given a choice among and expression are fully restored and nonvio­ volunteer service to 10,000. To achieve more than one candidate, and they have no lent government opponents be given early this mandate, the Peace Corps devel­ role in selecting the candidate. and fair access to every means of communi­ oped an effective and gradual plan of In several respects, therefore, Chile's con­ cation, including television. Presently, this bi­ expansion. This modest 5-year pro­ stitutional mechanism for public representa­ partisan measure is being cosponsored by gram calls for an increase to nearly tion, created by the Pinochet regime, is similar over 100 Members of this body. 6,600 volunteers in fiscal year 1988 and to that found in other nondemocratic coun­ In summary, the Congress must keep care­ approximately 7, 700 volunteers in tries, where pro forma rituals are used to es­ ful watch on the progress being made toward fiscal year 1989. tablish the appearances of just representation, the restoration of democracy in Chile. Our Mr. Chairman, during committee but lack the substance thereof. own standing as a democratic nation de­ markup, we fought hard to expand the The plebiscite provided for falls far short of mands that we support the aspirations of Peace Corps budget authority beyond the free and genuine elections necessary to people aspiring to return to democracy and the administration's request of $130 provide just representation. Nonetheless, for freedom-loving people everywhere. million. While the $142.2 million cur­ some Chileans, the plebiscite represents an To this end, I encourage all the Members of rently authorized in the bill is a signif­ opportunity to mobilize the population in es­ this Chamber, and the other body, to consider icant improvement, the added $3 mil­ tablishing a democratic momentum and thus carefully the "minimum standards and recom­ lion authorized through my amend­ may represent a first step, albeit imperfect, mendations" proposed by the International ment will bring the Peace Corps closer toward an eventual return to democracy. Human Rights Law Group, which I will add as to the mandate of 10,000 volunteers. In August 1987, International Human Rights extraneous material to the RECORD. Mr. Chairman, the Congressional Law Group, a highly respected organization of Moreover, I strongly urge my colleagues to Research Service has estimated that it lawyers dedicated to promoting respect for support the timely amendment offered by my costs only $20,000 to recruit, train, human rights, sent a factfinding mission to Republican colleague on the Foreign Affairs place, maintain, and pay the readjust­ Chile as part of its election observer project. Committee, Mr. MILLER. ment allowance for one volunteer. In The purpose of their mission was to ob­ Additional material follows: the last 25 years, over 120,000 Ameri­ serve and examine the conditions affecting cans have served in over 90 countries the fairness of the upcoming electoral exer­ MINIMUM STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS around the world. When compared to cise. I commend their entire report to the at­ To encourage a meaningful electoral proc­ the global impact and good will the tention of my colleagues and have taken the ess in Chile, the Law Group respectfully Peace Corps provides for our country urges that the following minimum stand­ liberty of citing a few of their observations in ards be met. These standards are based on around the world, one has to agree support of Mr. MILLER'S timely amendment. international criteria for the conduct of free that the Peace Corps is one of the The Pinochet regime has made some and fair elections derived from international most successful, cost-efficient foreign progress in the last few months in opening up conventions and declarations and explained policy initiatives we have today. political space to permit a partial restoration in in Guidelines for International Election Ob­ In conclusion, Mr. Chairman, I must some of the freedoms normally associated serving, a publication of the International say that the Peace Corps has conduct­ with democratic nations. Human Rights Law Group. ed a most vital mission. It is one of the The delegation found that, at present­ Following each minimum standard, the most successful American responses to Law Group makes specific recommendations There is a very active opposition press for their practical implementation. These long-term problems of hunger, pover­ that publishes articles critical of the govern­ recommendations are drawn from the find­ ty, illiteracy, and disease. For this ment and covers the opposition political ings of the Law Group delegation that vis­ reason, I am pleased to have authored parties. ited Chile in August 1987. the amendment which will help us fur­ However, a number of newspaper and ther expand the Peace Corps and magazine publishers and reporters have I.GENERAL been indicted before the military courts for As a member of the international commu­ enable it to reach more and more allegedly "defaming" the armed forces in nity and a signatory of the International people around the world. their publications, and many have been im­ Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Mr. BEREUTER. Mr. Chairman, I rise in prisoned. Even more frequently, the govern­ Chilean Government should comply with all strong support of the amendment offered by ment has harassed journalists by detaining the provisions of the various international my Republican colleague from the State of them without subsequently bringing human rights instruments, including those Washington. I commend him for his timely charges. In September 1986, the managing pertaining to the conduct of free elections. effort to focus attention on the need for a editor of one opposition magazine was mur­ A. The government should end all states transition to democracy in Chile and in particu­ dered. of exception and, at the very least, should lar for focusing on the role of press freedom Television, the most important mass com­ terminate any such existing states prior to munications medium in Chilean society, is the occurrence of any electoral event. in effecting such a transition. completely controlled by the government. B. The use of military courts to prosecute For several years the Congress has rightly Television viewers therefore receive a very civilian crimes should end. Individuals im­ focused attention to Chile's deplorable human one-sided view of the political process. prisoned solely because of their political be­ rights situation. We are entering a new phase, There are no present plans to allow political liefs should be released immediately. however, when the Congress will and appro­ parties access to free television time during C. In order for Chileans to participate priately should focus public attention to the the campaign process. fully and effectively in the electoral process, lack of progress toward democracy in that Moreover, freedom of political assembly in they should be free from the fear of arbi­ country. Chile is still seriously curtailed. trary arrest, torture, exile and other viola­ tions of human rights. Such violations Human rights violations still continue in Theoretically, under Chilean law, political should cease completely, and harassment of Chile. We must not forget, however, that they parties in the process of formation have the human rights workers should end immedi­ are part of a larger pattern of repression and right to solicit members, but the delegation ately. are but symptoms of a deeper problem­ was informed that such parties have been II. THE PLEBISCITE namely, the lack of just representation. prevented from doing so in public and that permits to hold outdoor rallies have .not International human rights instruments During the next year Chile is scheduled, ac­ been granted. Groups such as the commit­ require that the government conduct free cording to its 1980 Constitution, to conduct a tees for free elections have not been granted and genuine elections. To comply with this plebiscite where a junta-appointed candidate permission to meet outdoors and have not precept, the upcoming electoral exercise in for President, who is to be nominated by the been allowed to put up posters announcing Chile should offer voters a free and genuine heads of the three military services and the legally permitted events. choice among competing candidates, and December 8, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 34363 not be limited to a yes or no vote on the gov­ hours for voter registration should be ex­ A. The government should finalize the ernment's candidate. Adequate time should tended and registration on Sundays should electoral law and all pertinent draft laws so be given to allow a sufficient number of be permitted. On-site registration at the as to provide some certainty in the electoral voters to register. Political parties should be workplace, church, or other settings should and registration process. given adequate time to register and cam­ be allowed. B. The government should assure that vo­ paign. C. The electoral registration law should be cales and apoderados are appointed inde­ A. The government should announce offi­ amended to provide a sanction against em­ pendently, and that the plebiscite is not cially as soon as possible its intention to ployers who do not release employees with­ scheduled so as to preclude the participa­ hold the plebiscite on a date certain. That out salary reduction in order to register to tion of independent citizens in these posi­ date should be far enough in advance to vote or obtain an identity card. The govern­ tions. allow compliance with Recommendation B ment should stress the importance of com­ C. The government should clarify wheth­ below and to allow the political parties time pliance with this provision of the law and er there are any provisions of the electoral to register. prosecute violators. law that it deems inapplicable to the upcom­ B. The government should commit itself D. The electoral registration law should ing plebiscite. to refrain from holding the plebiscite until be amended to provide for the participation D. The provisions of the electoral law pro­ at least six million voters have registered. of individuals or commissions not appointed hibiting military personnel from serving as C. The government should lengthen the directly or indirectly by the President in the vocales should be strictly enforced. The period which the plebiscite campaign is to appointment of officials of registration and sanctions for military interference in the be conducted. Absent a constitutional election boards. electoral process should be strengthened. amendment extending this period, the gov­ E. A broad array of organizations should E. The electoral results should be an­ ernment should at least commit itself to be allowed to observe the registration proc­ nounced as soon as practicable by the Elec­ using the longest period now permitted, ess at local election boards. These organiza­ toral Service. sixty days. tions should include committees for free D. The President should announce the elections, political parties . I have had military training, the the help we can get is what we should Mr. DEWINE. Mr. Chairman, just gentleman from Florida [Mr. FASCELL], get down there. for a point of information, the last the chairman of the Committee on Listen to what the Lagomarsino word I had was that the individuals Foreign Affairs. has had military amendment says, and I would agree had not been released. There were a training, and it does not corrupt us. I with our distinguished chairman of number of Congressmen who protest­ would like to think it helped us. the Committee on Foreign Affairs and ed that. I had a marine who was from I think we make a serious mistake in it is with a heavy heart that I ever go my congressional district who was hampering the ability of the police against him, but listen to the Lago­ killed in that altercation. forces that cover the streets of these marsino amendment language. The Mr. KOSTMAYER. Protested what? cities where terrorism is rampant from President, our President, has to say Mr. DEWINE. Protested release of getting the best military training. that it is a democratically elected civil­ the individuals who killed the four ma­ I submit to my colleagues that the ian government, that it is engaged in rines, and killed the other people. best training available is through armed conflict with a Marxist, that is, Mr. KOSTMAYER. But the gentle­ IMET. Communist insurgent movement man said they were not released. The CHAIRMAN. The question is on which is receiving significant support Mr. DEWINE. That is correct. the amendment offered by the gentle­ from Nicaragua, not yet designated a Mr. KOSTMAYER. The gentleman man from California [Mr. LAGOMAR­ communist country, and we hope to protested their release but they were SINO] to the amendment offered by change that this week, or any country not released. the gentleman from Pennsylvania that is listed as a Communist country. Mr. DEWINE. We protested the plan [Mr. KOSTMAYER]. We know what the gentleman from to release them. There was an order The amendment to the amendment California [Mr. LAGOMARSINO] is talk­ signed that would have released them. was rejected. ing about, and that is Cuba, which The last information I have from the The CHAIRMAN. The question is on country sent its mercenary troops to U.S. Embassy was that they had not the amendment offered by the gentle­ the Saudi Arabian Peninsula, into been released. man from Pennsylvania CMr. KosT­ South Yemen, and 18 other African Mr. DORNAN of California. Re­ countries and they would like to be claiming my time, I am taking the wire MAYER]. fighting in every country in Central service machines out of my office. The question was taken; and the and South America if Castro had his The CHAIRMAN. The time of the Chairman announced that the ayes way. This is an eminently correct way gentleman from California has ex­ appeared to have it. to perfect the language in the Kost­ pired. RECORDED VOTE mayer amendment. Mr. DEWINE. Mr. Chairman, I move Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair­ Mr. KOSTMAYER. Mr. Chairman, to strike the last word, and rise briefly man, I demand a recorded vote. will the gentleman yield? to oppose the Kostmayer amendment. A recorded vote was ordered. 34370 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE December 8, 1987 The vote was taken by electronic Gingrich Mack Schulze permitted to withdraw my amendment Goodling Madigan Sensenbrenner device, and there were- ayes 193, noes Gradison Marlenee Shaw temporarily. 214, not voting 26, as follows: Grandy Martin Shumway The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection Grant Martin Shuster to the request of the gentleman from CRoll No. 4591 Gregg Mazzoli Sisisky AYES-193 Gunderson McCandless Skeen ? Hall Mccollum Skelton There was no objection. Ackerman Gejdenson Oberstar Hammerschmidt Mccurdy Slaughter AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MR. DORNAN OF Akaka Gibbons Obey Hansen McDade Smith Alexander Glickman Ortiz Harris McEwen Smith(NJ> CALIFORNIA Anderson Gonzalez Owens(NY> Hastert McGrath Smith Mr. DORNAN of California. Mr. Annunzio Gordon Owens(UT) Hatcher McMillan Smith, Denny Anthony Chairman, I offer an amendment. Gray Panetta Hayes Meyers Atkins Gray Pease Hefley Michel Smith, Robert The Clerk read as follows: AuCoin Green Penny Hefner Miller Amendment offered by Mr. DORNAN of Bates Guarini Pepper Henry Miller Smith, Robert Bellenson Hamilton Perkins California: Page 115, strike out lines 10 Herger Molinari through 16; line 17, strike out "Cb)" and Berman Hawkins Pickett Hiler Mollohan Snowe Bilbray Hayes Pickle Holloway Montgomery Solomon insert in lieu thereof "(a)"; and line 23, Boggs Hertel Price Hopkins Moorhead Spence strike out "Cc)" and insert in lieu thereof Boland Hochbrueckner Price Horton Morrison Stallings "(b)". Bonior Howard Pursell Houghton Murtha Stangeland Bonker Hoyer Rahall Hubbard Myers Stenholm Mr. DORNAN of California Roe Hyde Oxley Tallon Brooks Jones Rose Inhofe Packard Tauke ed in the RECORD. Brown Jontz Rostenkowski Ireland Parris Tauzin The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection Bruce Kanjorski Roybal Jenkins Pashayan Taylor to the request of the gentleman from Bryant Kaptur Russo Johnson Patterson Thomas Bustamante Kastenmeier Sabo Johnson Petri Thomas California? Campbell Kennedy Savage Kasich Porter Upton There was no objection. Cardin Kennelly Sawyer Kolbe Ravenel Valentine Mr. DORNAN of California. Mr. Carper Kildee Scheuer Konnyu Ray VanderJagt Carr Kleczka Schneider Kyl. Regula Volkmer · Chairman, I will not raise my voice, Clay Kolter Schroeder Lagomarsino Rhodes Vucanovich because I know the Members will find Coelho Kostmayer Schumer Lancaster Ridge Walker Sharp this amendment so historically com­ Coleman LaFalce Latta Rinaldo Watkins pelling that they will listen. Collins Lantos Shays Leath Ritter Weber Conte Leach Sikorski Lent Roberts Weldon Mr. Chairman, the reason I did not Conyers Lehman Skaggs Lewis Robinson Whittaker want the amendment read is that it is Cooper Lehman Slaughter Lewis (FL) Rogers Whitten just a lot of "in lieu of," "strike this," Coyne Leland Smith Lightfoot Roth Wilson Crockett Levin Lipinski Roukema Wolf "strike that," and a lot of numbers. de la Garza Levine Solarz Livingston Rowland Wortley What it does basically is strike the DeFazio Lewis Spratt Lloyd Rowland Wylie prohibition on military assistance· to Dellums Lowry(WA> St Germain Lott Saiki Young Derrick Luken, Thomas Staggers Lowery Saxton Young Guatemala. Now in the role of democ­ Dicks MacKay Stark Lujan Schaefer racies in Central America, the third Dingell Manton Studds Lukens, Donald Schuette Dorgan(ND) Markey Swift great victory down there following Downey Matsui Synar NOT VOTING-26 President Duarte of El Salvador and Durbin Mavroules Torres Baker Dowdy Pelosi then President Jose Azcona of Hondu­ Dwyer Mccloskey Torricelli ras was President Vinicio Cerezo of Dymally McHugh Traficant Biaggi Flake Quillen Early McMillen Traxler Boucher Ford Roemer Guatemala. Buechner Gephardt Eckart Mfume Udall Slattery Mr. Chairman, the distinguished Edwards Mica Vento Courter Hall Stokes chairman of the Subcommittee on Espy Miller Visclosky Crane Kemp Stratton Evans Moakley Walgren Daub Lungren Sweeney Foreign Operations of the Committee Fascell Moody Waxman Dixon Martinez Towns on Appropriations has called the Fazio Morella Weiss Donnelly Mineta President of Guatemala, Vinicio Feighan Morrison Wheat Florio Mrazek Williams 0 1545 Cerezo, a peacemaker. Foglietta Murphy Wise The Clerk announced the following This is the highest compliment that Foley Nagle Wolpe Mr. OBEY has ever paid any foreign Ford Natcher Wyden pairs: On this vote: leader throughout the world, a peace­ Frank Neal Yates maker. I think it is time that we trust­ Frost Nelson Yatron Mr. Flake for, with Mr. Daub against. Garcia Nowak Ms. Pelosi for, with Mr. Quillen against. ed the duly and democratically elected Gaydos Oakar civilian leadership in Guatemala that Messrs. DYSON, HEFLEY and NOES-214 we would no longer have a prohibition VOLKMER changed their votes from against them for military training and Andrews Bunning DeLay "aye" to "no." Applegate Burton DeWine assistance when the Soviet Union is Archer Byron Dickinson Mr. PURSELL and Mr. BROOKS pumping $1 billion a year of economic Armey Callahan DioGuardi changed their votes from "no" to and military aid into the small nation Aspin Chandler Doman "aye". of Nicaragua with one-third the popu­ Badham Chapman Dreier So the amendment was rejected. Ballenger Chappell Duncan lation of the almost 8 million people of Barnard Cheney Dyson The result of the vote was an­ the nation of Guatemala. Bartlett Clarke Edwards nounced as above recorded. Clinger Communist documents have been Barton Emerson AMEMDMENT OFFERED BY MR. SOLOMON Bateman Coats English discovered that call Guatemala the Bennett Coble Erdreich Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, I key to the fall of Mexico, the fall of Bentley Coleman Fawell offer an amendment. Mexico to communism. Bereuter Combest Fields The Clerk read as follows: Bevill Coughlin Fish This amendment is going to pass Bllirakis Craig Flippo Amendment offered by Mr. SOLOMON: some year in the future, eventually. Bliley Daniel Frenzel Page 120, strike line 21 and all that follows We no longer can treat Guatemala as Boehlert Dannemeyer Gallegly through page 121, line 6. a pariah, when there has been a 180- Boulter Darden Gallo Broomfield Davis Gekas Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, I degree situation from when I visited Brown Davis Gilman ask unanimous consent that I may be there for the second time in the spring December 8, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 34371 of 1981 and the capital city was under in fact, experienced a remarkable turnaround to Guatemala in 1987, and the State military rule. from an authoritarian form of government sup­ Department has requested and we are Mr. Chairman, parenthetically I un­ ported by no one to a compassionate pluralis­ giving military aid to Guatemala in derstand this lightheadedness among tic democracy which is playing an important 1988. the membership. It is the euphoria role in the Central American peace process. What I have before me, Mr. Chair­ over the igning of he INF reaty, Recently, I was in Guatemala and saw the man, is information from the State knowing that this small step toward Guatemalan new beginning first hand. My im­ Department detailing the military as­ peace has been taken between the pressions have been backed up by an inde­ sistance provided to Guatemala in world's only two superpowers. But one pendent report from the American Association fiscal year 1987 and also the· request of those two superpowers represented for the International Commission of Jurists. for fiscal year 1988. This administra­ by their Secretary General down at Let me run down the record of successes tion is not requesting any lethal weap­ the White House in the east ballroom which this report cites as Guatemalan suc­ ons or ammunition for Guatemala at signing a peace treaty to eliminate nu­ cesses over the past 2.5 years. this time. Furthermore, the Defense clear missiles is still pumping $1 bil­ Guatemala now enjoys a freely elected civil­ Minister of Guatemala, General Gra­ lion to $1.5 billion into Central Amer­ ian President and Congress. I am sure that majo, was in Washington last week ica, into the nation of Nicaragua many of you have met President Vinicio which has 1 of every 250 of its citizens Cerezo, here in the Capitol. seeking support in the Congress for in prisons and which has one of every A new federal constitution has been ratified modernization of his armed forces and nine of its citizens up here in the and instituted. for communications equipment. He did United States. There is less than 2.5 A new judicial system with a new supreme not ask for lethal weapons nor for am­ million people in Nicaragua, there is court of justice and a court of constitutionality munition. almost 8 million in Guatemala. exists. Lastly, in checking with the Ambas­ Guatemala elected a one-term, 5- Mr. BONKER. Mr. Chairman, I rise in strong sador from Guatemala to the United year President in President Cerezo. It opposition to this amendment, which would States, Ambassador Padilla, the sub­ is a democracy now. Like the two ad­ eliminate the present statutory prohibition on committee was told quite directly that joining nations of Honduras and El lethal military aid to Guatemala and permit the Government of Guatemala is not Salvador, it is 180 degrees removed United States weapons and ammunition to seeking lethal assistance at this time. from the state of martial law that I flow to that country's armed forces. In short, Mr. Chairman, neither the saw in that capital city when I first At the time this provision was enacted into Guatemalan Government nor the ad­ visited there, or the second time I vis­ law in 1985, the Congress was disturbed by ministration has requested lethal as­ ited there in 1981. When I went back Guatemala's inability to achieve control over sistance. to Guatemala City in July of this year the military and security forces; to eliminate Mr. Chairman, I suggest that we I could not recognize it as the same kidnapings, disappearances, forced recruit­ vote this amendment down. city. ment, and other human rights abuses; and to Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Chairman, will respect the basic human rights of the coun­ the gentleman yield? D 1600 try's indigenous Indian population. Today, de­ Mr. CROCKET!'. I yield to the You could feel the change. You spite President Cerezo's efforts to establish chairman of the committee. could feel democracy in the air. Why mechanisms for investigating and prosecuting Mr. F ASCELL. Mr. Chairman, I do we still hold Guatemala to the human rights violations, and despite a number thank the gentleman for yielding. standard that we would hold some na­ of witnesses' and even victims' positive identi­ Mr. Chairman, I just want to add my tions somewhere else in the world that fication of the police or military forces as per­ opposition to the amendment. I know is still under the heel of a military petrators of abuses, not a single member of it is well meant, but the truth of the junta government? the police or military has been tried. matter is that what we would be doing President Cerezo has been up here. Incidents of political violence in Guatemala in effect, if we strike this section out, He has met with our Members. He has unfortunately remain very high. The respected would be to force lethal weapons or charmed the liberals of this House no human rights monitoring group America's equipment on a country and a leader­ end. He has the support of, I think, Watch found press reports on 1,201 political ship that is not yet quite ready for it. almost every conservative in this killings and 28 cases of torture between Janu­ There is no reason to do that. Chamber. ary 1986 and August of this year. So let us go on with the assistance I do not understand why we do not We in the Congress must lend our whole­ we are now providing and leave the make it official and recognize that de­ hearted support to President Cerezo's at­ psychology and the politics out of it. mocracy is having its day in that beau­ tempts to instill civilian control over the armed That is why I think the amendment tiful nation of Guatemala. forces and police. However, I believe the pro­ So I would ask the Members, please, vision of lethal assistance to the Guatemalan offered by the gentleman from Cali­ let us agree to this amendment, not Armed Forces would serve neither this goal fornia [Mr. DORNAN] should be defeat­ put it off until next year or the year and the cause of accountability for human ed. after, when eventually every Member rights violations, nor the achievement of a re­ Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Chair­ understands it-just like the fall of the gional peace settlement under the Guatemala man, I move to strike the last word. Clark amendment, which was limiting accord. Moreover, I fail to see how any mili­ Mr. Chairman, what the amendment our flexibility to push for freedom on tary aid can be justified when the country to the bill seeks to do is to remove an the continent of Africa. Eventually it faces such severe economic problems. insult to the Government of Guatema­ was doomed. It took 10 years to get rid I urge my colleagues to vote down this la. In the bill we are saying, "President of the Clark amendment. amendment, and to support the committee Cerezo, we don't trust you. We don't Let us get rid of this unfair imposi­ bill, which extends for an additional 2 years think that you know what you want. tion upon the democratic system in the current statutory prohibition on weapons It is true you have told us that at this Guatemala and vote now to eliminate and equipment for Guatemala. time you are not thinking of or you this language from this otherwise Mr. CROCKET!'. Mr. Chairman, I have no plans to ask for lethal assist­ fairly excellent bill. rise in opposition to the amendment. ance, for weapons." Mr. Chairman, I yield back the bal­ Mr. Chairman, I want briefly to But I would remind my colleagues ance of my time. make two points. The proponent of that this is a 2-year bill. If this bill be­ In conclusion, Mr. Chairman, the situation the amendment suggests that what comes law, it will be in effect for 2 today in Guatemala is 180 degrees different the committee is trying to do is pro­ years. Is there anybody on this floor than it was several years ago when the Carter hibit military aid to Guatemala. That, who can with any accuracy predict administration imposed an arms embargo in of course, is not true. We gave military what is going to happen in Guatemala the interest of human rights. Guatemala has, aid to Guatemala in 1986, we gave aid and whether or not President Cerezo 34372 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE December 8, 1987 might come to us with a request for quest, I do not think the President of are all grounded. All their C-47's have weapons assistance? Guatemala or anybody else would feel been condemned. I do not think we should be tying very confident. Look at how long it We sent a team down from Kelly Air President Cerezo's hands, taking this has taken to this point. And how do Force Base to tell them how many option away from him, even though, we have any assurance that any re­ years are left, and they said, "This is as has been said and is the case, he quest would be acted on any quicker junk. It's unsafe. Don't fly it." does not plan to ask for such assist­ than that? Of their three Faircraft F-27's, their ance at this time. But 2 years is a long I think to take away the action from twin engine turbo jets, two are ground­ time. The situation can and probably the President of Guatemala to even ed. They have almost nothing, and the will change. The whole situation in request assistance and to have some reason they do not ask for any mili­ Central America is evolving rapidly. expectation that it would be granted is tary assistance is they know there is a Who knows what the situation will be? not very wise. I think it is demeaning prohibition, that they are being treat­ We actually provided some military to him. I do not think it helps him at assistance, albeit not weapons, to the all in his relationship with the mili­ ed like a second-class nation. previous military Government of Gua­ tary which, from everything I have It is an insult. It is a 2-year bill, and temala. We provide or we have provid­ heard, has been fairly supportive of let us remove it and see what happens. ed military assistance to dictatorships him. I anticipate they might not ask for in some cases around the world, and Mr. Chairman, I would hope that anything, but let us not insult them here is a freely elected democracy with the amendment would be adopted. and tell them we do not trust them. a very diverse and pluralistic Parlia­ Mr. BEREUTER. Mr. Chairman, I Mr. BEREUTER. Reclaiming my ment. Guatemala now enjoys a freely move to strike the requisite number of time, Mr. Chairman, I do not regard it elected civilian President and a Con­ words, and I rise in opposition to the as an insult. I do not think this body gress. A new Federal constitution has Doman amendment. does. I have seen this same equipment. been ratified and instituted, and a new I am reluctant to oppose my col­ The maintenance problems are as the judicial system, with a new supreme league, the gentleman from Califomia, gentleman suggests; however, I believe court of justice and a court of consti­ but it is this gentleman who is primar­ that there are many other needs for tutionality, now exists. ily responsible, I think it is fair to say, their military assistance and their Mr. Chairman, I say to my col­ for the fact that military assistance of direct military funds. leagues that I think this amendment the nonlethal variety is currently Frankly, they are doing very well should be adopted. I think we should going to Guatemala. without that kind of equipment say to President Cerezo and other against the guerrillas in the northern emerging democracies in Central D 1610 and central part of Guatemala, so I America: . "We trust you, and we cer­ I would like to suggest that the Gov­ urge my colleagues to reject the tainly are not going to provide assist­ ernment of Guatemala, under the Doman amendment. ance, even if it is authorized, unless leadership of President Cerezo, is Mr. BONKER. Mr. Chairman, I rise in sup­ you ask for it.'' doing very well at this moment in han­ port of the amendment offered by my col­ We did the same thing with Presi­ dling the Marxist insurgency, the an­ leagues BARBARA BOXER, JOE KENNEDY, and dent Duarte in El Salvador. There archists that are alive and well and op­ JOE MOAKLEY' to withhold 10 percent of MAP were those who said we should not erating in Guatelmala. and 1O percent of ESF moneys authorized for provide assistance to them, and the I think if we take this step to au­ El Salvador until the Government of that answer was: "Yes, we will if the civil­ thorize lethal kinds of aid, we are nation makes progress in prosecuting those ian government asks for it." frankly hurting them. We are responsible for the death of human rights ac­ Mr. Chairman, I think we should do strengthening the position of the left­ tivist Herbert Anaya. The tragic slaying of Mr. the same thing here. ists and we are contributing, very Anaya in broad daylight serves to remind us Mr. CROCKETT. Mr. Chairman, frankly, to the kind of misinformation that civilians in El Salvador are not yet free to will the gentleman yield? that is circulated in this country about voice their opinions, are not yet free to dem­ Mr. LAGOMARSINO. I yield to the the democracy that is now flourishing onstrate their opposition to oppression, and gentleman from Michigan. under adverse conditions in Guatema­ are not yet free from the retribution of para­ Mr. CROCKETT. Mr. Chairman, I la. military death squads. say to the gentleman from Califomia As Chairman CROCKETT has said, that we should be as supportive of the there are no requests from the Guate­ This is perhaps the most critical time in the President of Guatemala as possible. malan Government for this change in history of Central America in this century: The The point I make is that the President assistance. Any kind of lethal aid is Arias Peace Plan offers real hope for lasting of Guatemala was here recently. The not requested, but the kind of ammu­ democracy throughout the region. With exiled gentleman and I had lunch with him. nition and weaponry that perhaps is leaders returning to El Salvador under the At that time he stated that Guatemala needed in small amounts by the Gua­ aegis of the peace plan, it is imperative that was not requesting lethal assistance, temalan Government can be provided the security of all civilians be assured and that was not requesting ammunition. with their own funds, so I think it is the Duarte government recommit itself to the I suggest that the President of Gua­ appropriate to reject the gentleman's prosecution of those individuals responsible temala and the Defense Minister of amendment. for political murders. Guatemala have a better knowledge of Mr. DORNAN of California. Mr. To date, the Government of El Salvador has what their armed forces need than we Chairman, will the gentleman yield? had a disastrous track record in prosecuting have sitting here in the Congress. If Mr. BEREUTER. I am pleased to members of right-wing death squads, many of and when they ask for lethal assist­ yield to the gentleman from Califor­ whom are affiliated with the armed forces and ance, if and when they ask for ammu­ nia. security police, for their heinous crimes. Not nition, there will be ample time for us Mr. DORNAN of California. May I one member of the Salvadoran security forces to consider it. I am sure that President point out, Mr. Chairman, that much of have ever been tried for human rights abuses. Cerezo will be in office the next fiscal what the gentleman says is correct, We have seen, in recent weeks, positive year as well as this fiscal year. but the final analysis is wrong, be­ movement in the Government's investigation Mr. Chairman, let us wait and let cause this is a 2-year bill. of the murder of Archbishop Romero. I believe them decide what it is they need. I went down and flew with their Air that this amendment will strengthen President Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Chair­ Force in July. I flew in one of these Duarte's hand in bringing those responsible man, reclaiming my time, if the time it aging little A-37's. Their Air Force is for political slayings to justice. This approach takes on this bill is any example of on its backside. Their trucks are fall­ proved successful in helping to resolve the how quickly Congress can act on a re- ing apart. Their Israeli Avia aircraft murder of the four American churchwomen December 8, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 34373 killed in 1980. I am hopeful it will bring about Cardin Hoyer Petri changed their votes from "no" to Carper Huckaby Pickett concrete results in this case as well. Carr Hughes Pickle "aye." I urge my colleagues to support the amend­ Chapman Jacobs Porter So the amendment was rejected. ment. Clarke Jeffords Price The result of the vote was an­ The CHAIRMAN. The question is on Clay Johnson Price CNC> Clinger Jones CNC> Pursell nounced as above recorded. the amendment offered by the gentle­ Coelho Jones CTN> Rahall AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MRS. BOXER man from California [Mr. DORNAN]. Coleman Jontz Rangel The question was taken; and the Collins Kanjorski Ravenel Mrs. BOXER. Mr. Chairman, I offer Chairman announced that the noes Conte Kaptur Richardson an amendment. Conyers Kastenmeier Ridge The Clerk read as follows: appeared to have it. Cooper Kennedy Roberts Amendment offered by Mrs. BoXER: Page RECORDED VOTE Coughlin Kennelly Rodino Coyne Kildee Roe 115, after line 8, insert the following: Mr. DORNAN of California. Mr. Crockett Kleczka Rose (C) ASSASSINATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS COM­ Chairman, I demand a recorded vote. Davis Sabo sassination of Herbert Anaya Sanabria, 241, not voting 26, as follows: Dicks LehmanCCA> Saiki President of the nongovernmental Human Dingell Lehman Savage Rights Commission of El Salvador CRoll No. 4601 DorganCND> Leland Sawyer . This violent act is in direct con­ AYES-166 Downey Levin CMI> Scheuer trast to the spirit of reconciliation embodied Duncan Levine CCA> Schneider in the Central American peace agreement Andrews Hatcher Ray Durbin LewisCGA> Schroeder Archer Hefley Regula Dwyer Lipinski Schumer signed in Guatemala on August 7, 1987. Armey Herger Rhodes Dymally Lowry CWA> Sharp (2) UNITED STATES ASSISTANCE FOR INVESTI­ Badham Hiler Rinaldo Early Luken, Thomas Shays GATION.-The Congress calls on the Presi­ Ballenger Holloway Ritter Eckart MacKay Sikorski dent to formally offer to the Government of Barnard Hubbard Robinson Edwards CCA> Manton Skaggs El Salvador such investigative services by Bartlett Hunter Rogers Espy Markey Skelton agencies of the United States Government Barton Hutto Roth Evans Matsui Slaughter Bateman Hyde Rowland Fascell Mavroules SmithCFL> as are permitted by law assist in identifying Bentley Inhofe Rowland CGA> Fazio Mazzoli Smith CIA> and bringing to trial those responsible for Bevill Ireland Saxton Feighan Mccloskey Snowe the murder of Herbert Anaya Sanabria. Bilirakis Jenkins Schaefer Fish McDade Solarz (3) WITHHOLDING OF FuNl>S PENDING Bliley Johnson Schuette Florio McGrath Spratt REPORT TO CONGRESS.-The President shall Boulter Kasich Schulze Foglietta McHugh St Germain Broomfield Kolbe Sensenbrenner withhold from obligation 10 percent of the Foley McMillen Staggers funds allocated for assistance for El Salva­ Buechner Konnyu Shaw Ford Slaughter CV A> Gaydos Moody Tauzin cated for assistance of El Salvador for fiscal Coats Lent SmithCNE> Gejdenson Morella Thomas year 1988 under chapter 4 of part II of that Coble Lewis CCA> SmithCNJ) Gibbons Morrison CCT> Torres Coleman CMO) Lewis SmithCTX) Glickman Morrison CWA> Torricelli Act Grant Natcher Vento gation of the murder of Herbert Anaya San­ Darden Lowery CCA> Smith, Robert Gray Neal Visclosky Davis Lujan abria and of the earlier threats by members COR> Gray CPA> Nelson Volkmer of the Salvadoran security forces against DeLay Lukens, Donald Solomon Green Nowak Walgren DeWine Mack Spence Guarini Oakar Weiss Anaya which were reported by Amnesty Dickinson Madigan Stangeland Hamilton Oberstar Weldon International to President Duarte. Such no­ DioGuardi Marlenee Stenholm Hawkins Obey Wheat tification shall include a report detailing- Doman CCA> Martin the efforts made by the Government Dreier Martin Stump HayesCLA> Ortiz Whitten of El Salvador to identify and bring to trial Dyson McCandless Sundquist Hefner Owens Williams those persons responsible for the murder of Edwards Mccollum Swindall Henry Owens CUT> Wise Emerson Mccurdy Tallon Hertel Panetta Wolpe Herbert Anaya Sanabria, and English McEwen Tauke Hochbrueckner Patterson Wyden (B) the investigative services provided by Erdreich McMillan Taylor Hopkins Pease Yates agencies of the United States Government Fawell Michel ThomasCCA) Horton Penny Yatron to support those efforts. Upton Fields Miller Houghton Pepper That notification, and the release of the Flippo Miller Valentine Howard Perkins Frenzel Molinari VanderJagt funds withheld pursuant to this paragraph, Gallegly Mollohan Vucanovich NOT VOTING-26 shall be considered in accordance with the Gekas Montgomery Walker procedures applicable to reprogramming no­ Gilman Moorhead Watkins Baker Dowdy Mineta Biaggi Flake Pelosi tifications under section 634A of the For­ Gradison Murtha Weber eign Assistance Act of 1961. Grandy Myers Wilson Brown Ford CTN> Roemer Gregg Nichols Wolf Callahan Gephardt Slattery Mrs. BOXER (during the reading). Gunderson Nielson Wortley Courter Gingrich Stokes Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous con­ Hall CTX> Oxley Wylie Crane Hall Sweeney Hammerschmidt Packard YoungCAK> Daub Kemp Towns sent that the amendment be consid­ Hansen Parris YoungCFL> Dixon Lungren Waxman ered as read and printed in the Donnelly Harris Pashayan Martinez RECORD. Hastert Quillen D 1625 The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection NOES-241 to the request of the gentlewoman The Clerk announced the following Ackerman Beilenson Bosco from California? Akaka Bennett Boucher pairs: There was no objection. Alexander Bereuter Boxer On this vote: Mrs. BOXER. Mr. Chairman, the Anderson Berman Brennan Mr. Courter for, with Mr. Mineta against. Annunzio Bilbray Brooks Boxer-Moakley-Kennedy amendment Anthony Boehlert BrownCCO> Mr. Lungren for, with Ms. Pelosi against. is really quite straightforward. It has Applegate Boggs Bruce Mr. GEJDENSON changed his vote two elements. First, it offers the assist­ Aspin Boland Bryant from "aye" to "no." ance of U.S. investigative services to Atkins Bonior Bustamante AuCoin Bonker Byron Messrs. WORTLEY, TAUKE, the Duarte government to help bring Bates Borski Campbell GRANDY, ENGLISH, and WATKINS to justice the killers of Herbert Anaya, 34374 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE December 8, 1987 age 32, who was president of the non­ Mr. Chairman, peace is in the air. U.S. journalist John Sullivan. Virtual­ governmental human rights commis­ Last night the President lit the Christ­ ly no progress has been made on these sion of El Salvador and who was shot mas tree and ignited our hopes for a cases. down in cold blood as he brought his long awaited nuclear arms treaty. And despite the recent accusations children to school. Mr. Anaya was the Let us continue this season of love by the Salvadoran President against father of five children under the age and peace by passing this amendment. Roberto D'Aubuisson with regard to of 10. D 1640 the murder of Archbishop Romero Second, it withholds 10 percent of very few observers believe that D'Au­ security aid to El Salvador-military Mr. MOAKLEY. Mr. Chairman, I buisson will be put behind bars like he and economic assistance-until the move to strike the last word. ought to be. In fact, to date, there has Salvadoran Government has con­ Mr. Chairman, a peaceful resolution not been one single military officer vinced the President and the appropri­ to the conflict in El Salvador requires tried and prosecuted for a human ate congressional committees that the that the Salvadoran Government pro­ rights violation against a Salvadoran Salvadoran Government is making tect the security of civilians wishing to or American civilian. participate in the political life of their progress on solving the murder. country, including opponents and crit­ Mr. Chairman, the lack of progress Mr. Chairman, we give to the coun­ ics of the Government. It seems to me on these notorious cases is not because try of El Salvador more aid dollars that this is a most basic component in President Duarte has been unwilling than that country's own budget. We achieving democracy and a lasting to move ahead. Rather, I believe it has cannot, at the same time that we peace in El Salvador. been because he has been unable to rightfully chastise the human rights The tragic murder of Herbert Anaya move ahead. abuses of the Soviets, allow this brutal is a clear indication that right wing Sadly, the Salvadoran Government murder in El Salvador to pass unno­ death squads, and elements of the has recently instituted a blanket am­ ticed or with only sympathetic rheto­ military and security forces associated nesty which absolves military person­ ric. with them, do not accept the right of nel, death squads and guerrillas from Let us stand up for human rights Salvadoran citizens to engage in peace­ virtually all murders and disappear­ and for an end to cold blooded killings ful opposition activities. Herbert ances that have been committed in by passing this amendment. Anaya has not been the only Salvador­ that war-torn country. The cases I just Mr. Anaya is the fifth human rights an who has been killed or persecuted mentioned, with the possible excep­ commissioner to be killed or disappear for his political views and human tion of the Romero case, will remain since 1980. Enough is enough. rights work. We are familiar with his unsolved. The blanket amnesty, which Mr. Chairman, this is the time to case because as president of the non­ lets off the hook some of the worst send a message to President Duarte of governmental Salvadoran Human human rights abusers imaginable, vio­ El Salvador that we support his work Rights Commission-his death re­ lates international law and I believe to identify and end the death squads. ceived wide press attention. was not the type of amnesty envisoned This amendment will give him lever­ But there are many, many others in the Guatemala peace plan-which age to carry forward his work. This who are not as famous or well-known calls for a respect for human rights as amendment gives the law enforcement who have been threatened, impris­ well as national reconciliation. authorities the incentive to move oned, tortured and some even killed, If anything, the blanket amnesty is quickly. for being associated with organizations a major setback for human rights. It It is important to note the funds that have either criticized the Salva­ sends the wrong signal to those who withheld are not project development doran Government, or publicized its have been guilty of gross human or food aid nor will the funds withheld abuses. The Catholic Church, Ameri­ rights violations. And it does not pro­ be likely to be felt until the end of the cas Watch, Amnesty International, mote the type of secure environment funding cycle giving Mr. Duarte ample and countless other human rights or­ in which citizens of El Salvador may time to conduct an investigation. ganizations, have documented a long engage in meaningful democracy. In It is important to note that Herbert list of denunciations, arrests and fact it encourages the type of atmos­ Anaya's murder occurred after the for­ human rights violations, against phere in which more death squad ac­ eign aid bill was passed out of commit­ human rights workers and political ac­ tivity may occur. tee, so I believe this amendment is a tivists in El Salvador. Mr. Chairman, the amendment we necessary addition to this very well­ The only way to stop this persecu­ propose today is a way to strengthen crafted bill. tion is to make it clear that those who President Duarte's hand in bringing to This is why I am so proud that the engage in these types of horrendous justice not only those responsible for following members of the Foreign Af­ activities will be punished. Herbert Anaya's killing-but it is also fairs subcommittees with jurisdiction I had the pleasure to meet personal­ a way to strengthen his hand in pursu­ over human rights and Central Amer­ ly with President Duarte a few weeks ing justice in other cases. ica are strongly supporting this ago, after his address to the Congress. This is not an anti-Duarte amend­ amendment. Congressmen WEISS, FEI­ The Salvadoran President, in my opin­ ment-it is very much a pro-Duarte GHAN, FuSTER, STUDDS, ACKERMAN, ion, is a decent man who desperately amendment. GEJDENSON, KOSTMAYER, SOLARZ, and wants to see his country move ahead In fact, for my colleagues who are BONKER. with human rights progress. concerned about placing conditions on I thank them on behalf of Mr. I applaud his quick denunciation of this small amount of aid-let me quote MOAKLEY and Mr. KENNEDY and the Anaya killing, and his pledge to in­ General Blandon, the Salvadoran myself. vestigate the case fully. However, if Army Chief of Staff, who when asked In closing, Mr. Chairman, Herbert history is any indicator, I think Presi- · about previous congressional limita­ Anaya was killed, he was unarmed, he dent Duarte could use some help from tions, stated, "I'll be frank, though was taking his children to school, and those of us in Congress who care some don't want to admit it, the condi­ he was killed by a handgun with a si­ about human rights. As some may tions the U.S. placed on us lencer-shot in the face, in the arm, recall, when President Duarte cam­ helped. • • •" twice in the body. And why? Because paigned for the presidency, he pledged Mr. Chairman, the real issue is not he was the president of the Human to investigate and punish those re­ Herbert Anaya or his political sympa­ Rights Commission in El Salvador. sponsible for such crimes as the thies. The real issue is justice. America's Watch called his murder, "A murder of the U.S. labor advisors, and The Anaya case, since it is exempt shocking reminder that death squad Rodolfo Viera, the massacres at Los from the amnesty, takes on an added activity still persists in El Salvador." Hojas and Armenia and the murder of importance. Will things from this December 8, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 34375 point forward change for the better in deaths of the four American church­ 6 years before being brought to the El Salvador or will things remain the women. The anniversary of their public's attention. Mr. Chairman, I be­ same? Will this Congress take a strong tragic deaths was last week. Yet vio­ lieve that if Congress had made assist­ stand in favor of justice in El Salvador lence in El Salvador continues. ance conditional upon progress made or will we remain indifferent? This amendment is designed to help in the Romero case during consider­ Mr. Chairman, this should not be a President Duarte maintain his com­ ation of the foreign aid bill in 1982, controversial amendment. All we are mitment to democracy by demonstrat­ then those responsible for the crime asking is that murderers be brought to ing his government's ability to enforce would be behind bars today. justice. This is a modest and appropri­ law in El Salvador. I urge my colleagues to support the ate response to the increased violence Herbert Anaya's children lost their amendment. in El Salvador. father to needless violence. Now is the Mr. ACKERMAN. Mr. Chairman, I urge my colleagues to vote in favor time to change United States policy so will the gentleman yield? of human rights. Vote "yes" on the that El Salvador's children grow up Mr. KENNEDY. I yield to the gen­ Boxer-Moakley-Kennedy amendment. with peace and justice in Central tleman from New York. Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. Chairman, will America. Support the Boxer-Moakley­ Mr. ACKERMAN. Mr. Chairman, I the gentleman yield? Kennedy amendment. rise in support of the amendment of­ Mr. MOAKLEY. I yield to the gen­ The CHAIRMAN. The time of the fered by Representatives BOXER, KEN­ tleman from Massachusetts. gentleman from Massachusetts CMr. NEDY, and MoAKLEY, perhaps for rea­ Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. Chairman, I MOAKLEY] has expired. sons that are different from those of urge my colleagues to support the Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. Chairman, I my colleagues. On Sunday, I marched Boxer-Moakley-Kennedy amendment, move to strike the requisite number of with 200,000 other people, including which addresses the problem of politi­ words. cal violence in El Salvador. It is a step Mr. FOGLIETTA. Mr. Chairman, many of our colleagues, to call for toward safeguarding human rights will the gentleman yield? human rights in the Soviet Union. and controlling political violence. Mr. KENNEDY. I yield to the gen­ "Freedom Sunday for Soviet Jewry" More than 10,000 political murders tleman from Pennsylvania. was a peaceful, orderly and spirited have occurred in El Salvador since Mr. FOGLIETTA. Mr. Chairman, I demonstration, organized to bring at­ 1979. President Duarte has significant­ rise in support of the Boxer-Moakley­ tention to the plight of Jews in the ly reduced government misconduct, Kennedy amendment because I believe Soviet Union and to highlight the but violence continues. In April, the it is necessary for the United States to issue of human rights in the arms con­ leader of El Salvador's Farmworkers' speak out against the cold, calculated trol summit. Association was found dead after being murder of Herbert Anaya. As the larg­ I joined the demonstration in order captured by an army battalion. In est provider of aid to El Salvador, the to speak out against human rights vio­ June, four men had their throats American Government cannot tolerate lations wherever they occur, be it in slashed after questioning by the army, flagrant human rights violations by the United States or elsewhere around and two of their wives were raped. In those who receive our assistance. This the world. September, the leader of El Salvador amendment sends a clear message of But, Mr. Chairman, we cannot be ar­ University's employees' union was kid­ support for justice in El Salvador. bitrary in our criticism; we must iden­ naped-no one has seen him since. In the past, Congress has condi­ tify all abuses, we must encourage And most telling of all, on October 26, tioned aid on progress in the investiga­ thorough investigations and trials and Herbert Anaya Sanabria, president of tion of political killings. This strategy we must be forceful in demanding jus­ the independent Human Rights Com­ has often produced results as in the tice, whether the offenders be friends mission, was assassinated. This the trial of national guardsmen who were or foe. fifth leader of the Human Rights responsible for the 1980 death of four I am especially concerned that we Commission to be killed or kidnaped American churchwomen in El Salva­ express our universal concern for since 1980. Duarte himself has ex­ dor. Government leaders and investi­ human rights in El Salvador. pressed his regrets over this killing. gators understood the importance of The United States has regional, hu­ Herbert Anaya was the father of five the case and sought immediate results. manitarian and monetary interests in children under the age of 10. How American pressure is often needed to this Latin American nation. Last year many children in El Salvador have to dramatize to those individuals, who the American contribution to El Salva­ go fatherless before political violence engage in death squad activity, that dor's budget exceeded El Salvador's is brought under control? such behavior can not continue una­ own share. While El Salvador has President Duarte depends on more bated. made progress in resolving its civil war than 1 million U.S. dollars a day to The Boxer amendment is very and returning to a stable democracy, run his government, yet he can't con­ timely. Last week, President Duarte flagrant violations of human rights trol the activity of the death squads. A presented evidence which directly continue. continuous flow of money can't be our linked a rightwing death squad to the The American people, as well as the only U.S. policy. We must assist Presi­ killing of Archbishop Oscar Romero. A people of El Salvador, have every right dent Duarte in convincing the right witness was brought forth who to both a thorough investigation into that the days of the death squads are claimed that he knew the assassin and the murder of Herbert Anaya, as well over and the time for the Arias peace those who were behind the murder. as an assurance that the assassins will plan has come. Mr. Duarte also exhibited a notebook be brought to trial. The U.S. Congress can help bring of a terror network which detailed the Indeed, there is a well established the killers of Anaya to justice. The purchases of weapons, large cash pay­ precedent for similar trials in nations Boxer-Moakley-Kennedy amendment ments, and meetings of military intel­ that take human rights abuses serious­ would: First, make U.S. agency help ligence and police units. While this in­ ly. available to President Duarte to assist formation is good news for those who The Argentine Government recently in the investigation. have sought a full investigation of concluded trials of military officials Second, influence the government to Father Romero's death, it is not new accused of violations; the Israeli Gov­ conduct a thorough investigation by evidence to the Government of El Sal­ ernment is investigating John Dem­ linking a portion of U.S. security aid vador or to the United States Embas­ janjuk's links to Nazi atrocities; the to the investigation. sy. In fact, American officials and Sal­ examined There is a precedent for this action. vadoran leaders first saw the notebook Reagan administration involvement in In 1980, the U.S. Congress linked secu­ in 1980 or 1981. It is outrageous that the Iran/Contra affair; and, in a very rity aid to an investigation of the this valuable piece of evidence sat for encouraging move, the Government of 34376 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE December 8, 1987 El Salvador is finally bringing the as­ Why do we not just say until a good­ would contribute to peace throughout Central sassins of Archbishop Romero to jus­ faith effort is made, because he is America. tice. making that good-faith effort. I do not Since the United States contributes more in President Duarte must follow these know what it is about El Salvador that aid to the El Salvadoran Government than examples by conducting a complete in­ raises blood pressure, but one says that country's own contribution to its budget, vestigation of Anaya's brutal murder, those words and all of the righteous the United States is justified to a certain the ultimate violation of human anger wells up and we do foolish extent in qualifying the expenditure of part of rights. things. Do not withhold aid from a that aid. This amendment proposes withhold­ Mr. Chairman, I have great respect government that is trying to fight the ing a certain percentage of the aid that goes for President Duarte and for his ef­ right and trying to fight the left. to the military. In this way the United States forts to bring democracy to his land President Duarte's own daughter was may be able to pressure the military to bring and to his people. I was very impressed kidnaped by these forces. If anyone to justice those responsible for Anaya's death. with President Duarte when many of deserves sympathy, deserves respect At the same time a percentage of economic us met him here during the last Con­ and understanding, he does. Not with­ aid will be withheld until President Duarte's gress. holding 10 percent until progress is government presents evidence that efforts by I firmly believe that he will do ev­ made his government have been taken to promote erything he can to bring Anaya's kill­ 0 1655 justice by bringing to trial the people responsi­ ers to justice. But the U.S. Congress ble for Anaya's death and perhaps the death must not stand idly by, hoping the sit­ It is not too easy to get judges down uation will improve-we must back up there. We all know about corrupt of countless others. our faith in Duarte with action, with a judges, do we not? We could all spend This amendment forces the military of El forceful commitment to human rights hours talking about what is going on Salvador to work with the civilian government that both nations hold so dearly. in our cities right now. But I will tell in order for each to regain the withheld aid. It In the interest of an equal opportu­ you, they get notes under the door may even benefit the image of the United nity human rights policy around the threatening their lives and it is not States in Central America. U.S. lawmakers, in­ world, and in the hopes of continuing easy, and you harm the little people, stead of increasing military and economic aid investigations and trials of human the campesinos, the people trying to to support democracy, will be limiting aid to rights abusers, I urge my colleagues to survive in a guerrilla warfare by with­ help bring about justice and to assist the support the Boxer-Moakley-Kennedy holding money from them. democratic efforts of a civilian government amendment. Just ask President Duarte to make a trying to heal a country torn by civil war. Mr. HYDE. Mr. Chairman, I move to good faith effort. He is making a good One final point, I am not supporting this strike the requisite number of words, faith effort. Reject this amendment. It amendment in order to express my opposition and I rise in opposition to the amend­ does not solve anything. It just makes to President Duarte. Quite the contrary, I am ment. you feel good that you have taken a hopeful that if this amendment is accepted Mr. Chairman, withholding 10 per­ whack at El Salvador. that it will send a signal to those who oppose cent of aid to the State of El Salvador Mr. WEISS. Mr. Chairman, will the democracy and justice in El Salvador by let­ does not advance the cause of human gentleman yield? ting them know that we in Congress are rights. It imposes further suffering on Mr. HYDE. I yield to the gentleman watching them. This, in turn, will boost Presi­ a people in a very beleaguered country from New York [Mr. WEISS]. dent Duarte's quest to stabilize democracy in that is undergoing and has undergone Mr. WEISS. I thank the gentleman his country. for many years a vicious, brutal Com­ for yielding to me. Mr. JEFFORDS. Mr. Chairman, I wish to in­ munist-led insurgency. We do not help I want to tell the gentleman how bi­ dicate my support for the Boxer-Moakley-Ken­ President Duarte by withholding 10 zarre I think his argument is. Here is a nedy amendment concerning human rights in percent of the aid, we erode his au­ government-- El Salvador. I am pleased that the authors of thority, his respect, and his ability to Mr. HYDE. I accept the compliment. this amendment and the chairman of the com­ control his army. Mr. WEISS. Here we have the gov­ mittee have formulated an agreement that It is fascinating to read the language ernment of the military of El Salvador enjoys broad support. of this amendment. It demands that who are engaged in death squad activi­ As a cochairman of the Congressional progress be made in solving this ties and he is equating that to ramp­ Friends of Human Rights Monitors, I am murder. It does not say a good-faith ant murders and killings in the United pleased that this amendment expresses deep effort, it says progress must be made. States or in East Germany or the congressional concern over the killing of Her­ What progress have we made in Soviet Union to whom we do not pro­ bert Anaya Sanabria, the president of the bringing to heel the assassins of KAL vide any assistance at all. I cannot Nongovernmental Human Rights Commission 007? Zero. What progress has been follow the gentleman's gymnastics on of El Salvador. Indications are that death made bringing to justice the soldiers this one. He really ought to rethink squads were responsible for his murder. that shot Major Nicholson in East his position. It is a shameful one. This amendment would allow United States Germany? Zero. How many murders in Mr. HYDE. I appreciate the criti­ agencies to aid the Salvadoran Government in Boston, how many murders in Phila­ cism from the gentleman and I deem it investigating the murder of Anaya and bringing delphia, how many murders in San praise and I appreciate it. those responsible to justice. In addition, the Francisco, how many murders in Chi­ Mr. GARCIA. Mr. Chairman, the proposed President is directed by this amendment to cago are unsolved and no progress is amendment offered by our colleagues BAR­ report to Congress on the success of Salva­ beingmade? BARA BOXER, JOE MOAKLEY, and JOSEPH KEN­ doran Government efforts. We run into dead ends. We cannot NEDY, to title VII of the Foreign Aid authoriza­ This amendment should not be construed always make progress, but we can try. tion bill, if passed, may help reinforce the bat­ as an attack upon President Duarte or his That is all we ought to ask of a gov­ tered civilian government of Jose Napoleon commitment to human rights. Rather, passage ernment, is a good-faith effort to try Duarte, as well as bring to trial those respon­ of this amendment should strengthen his hand to solve the murders. sible for the October assassination of Herbert in dealing with those elements of Salvadoran Is anyone in the world going to deny Ernesto Anaya, the leader of the nongovern­ society that would prefer to resort to violence that President Duarte is trying, trying, mental Human Rights Commission. Through to achieve their political goals. trying? He is besieged from the right, this amendment the United States may be President Duarte is currently under a great he is besieged from the left, and now able to support the Central American peace deal of pressure from both the right and the he is going to be besieged from Boston plan drafted by Nobel Peace Prize winner left. The assassination of Mr. Anaya is an indi­ and San Francisco and Philadelphia Oscar Arias of Costa Rica. If President Duarte cation of the degree to which the government and New York: withhold 10 percent is assisted to make his country more just, is unable to control the actions of the extreme until progress is made. more democratic, and more peaceful, this elements in El Salvador. A resurgance of December 8, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 34377 death squad activity could quickly plunge Sal­ send five AH-1 Cobra helicopters to El Salva­ the investigative services provided by vador back into the dark days of the early dor. agencies of the United States Government . 1980's, erasing the gains made by the Duarte At a time when the United States has been to support those efforts. government over the past 3 years. given another-and possibly our last-chance Mr. FASCELL (during the reading). Of equal concern is the stalemate over judi­ to support a genuine and indigenous political Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous con­ cial reform, a priority of President Duarte's settlement to the armed conflicts in Central sent that the amendment offered as a and a primary goal of U.S. foreign policy. America, the transfer to the region of such im­ substitute for the amendment be con­ American aid has concentrated on both police posing weapons of war makes no sense at all. sidered as read and printed in the and judicial reform for the past few years. It is The Cobra is so advanced that even this ad­ RECORD. imperative that the law enforcement depart­ ministration has not requested them from the The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection ments and the judicial system react appropri­ Congress. to the request of the gentleman from ately to the Anaya murder and restore some This helicopter is an airborne battleship. De­ Florida? faith in the institutions of government. It is im­ scribed as one of the United States "major There was no objection. perative that we in Congress indicate our anxi­ antitank systems," it is equipped with 2 gun­ Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Chairman, it is ety over indications of death squad resur­ ships, each of which can fire 4,000 rounds of obvious on matters of this kind that gance and put the United States squarely ammunition per minute; with 52 TOW missiles, there are, with propriety, very strong behind the rule of law in El Salvador. each of which can carry white phosphorous feelings here and very human feelings. I urge all my colleagues to support this warheads; and with grenade launchers. Also, it is extremely difficult when we amendment The winds in Central America have shifted run into conflicting matters of great Mrs. COLLINS. Mr. Chairman. I rise in sup­ in favor of peace. The signing of the Guate­ import, both to the Government of El port of the amendment. mala accord by the five Central American Salvador and the people of El Salva­ On October 26, 1987, Herbert Anaya, Presi­ Presidents in August confirmed the failure of dor and to us, the people of the United the Reagan administration's policy of militari­ dent of the Nongovernmental Human Rights States and the policy of the United zation. It is time to focus on diplomatic and Commission of El Salvador was assassinated States. So I have nothing but the developmental support, and eschew actions greatest of respect for those propo­ by right-wing death squads. This was a tragic that might rekindle the conflicts. event in the ongoing struggle for human rights As President Duarte strives for peace in his nents who offer this amendment, and in El Salvador. As President of the CDHES, country through negotiations with the Salva­ I might add, in all righteous indigna­ Mr. Anaya headed a group of noted lawyers doran rebels and opposition groups, it is tion, because it is difficult to conceive and other volunteers that investigate cases of hardly appropriate for the United States Con­ of any rationale, anywhere, that political killings and disappearances. By work­ gress to require the shipment of Cobra heli­ allows for that kind of inhumane ing closely with international organizations copters to El Salvador. I hope my colleagues treatment with regard to matters of such as the United Nations Commission on vote down this ill-conceived and counterpro­ any kind, whether political expression Human Rights, the CDHES has illustrated ductive amendment. or otherwise. But certainly when it abuses in El Salvador with the glaring spot­ AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MR. FASCELL AS A SUB­ arises because of a simple defense of light of international attention. STITUTE FOR THE AMENDMENT OFFERED BY the dignity of individuals and because Reports of human rights abuses by the MRS. BOXER of the cause of human rights then I CDHES have been all too rare. Amnesty Inter­ Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Chairman, I find it totally indefensible. So my sub­ national reports that in the past 7 years, more offer an amendment as a substitute stitute takes recognition of all of that, than 60,000 noncombatant civilians have for the amendment. Mr. Chairman, by expressing the con­ been excecuted, and thousands more have The Clerk read as follows: cern of the people of the United disappeared or been tortured by government Amendment offered by Mr. FASCELL as a States on this matter. forces. As the chief supplier of military hard­ substitute for the amendment offered by It does not, however, go as far as, I ware to the El Salvadoran Government, the Mrs. Boxn: Page 115, after line 8, insert will say, as the amendment offered by United States must assume some responsibil­ the following: the proponents which seek to with­ ity for these deaths. AssASSINATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS Co11- hold 10 percent of Salvador's MAP The Boxer-Moakley-Kennedy amendment 111ssioN PREsIDENT.- and ESF. We recognize that there is a asks the President to offer United States tech­ ( 1) ExPRESSION OF CONCERN.-The Con­ real need for. continued assistance by gress expresses its deepest concern at the as­ nical assistance to El Salvador for its investi­ sassination of Herbert Anaya Sanabria, the United States to assist in the in­ gation of the murder of Herbert Anaya, and President of the nongovernmental Human vestigation of all of these matters be­ conditions 1O percent of security aid to El Sal­ Rights Commission of El Salvador cause all of us have been aware of the vador on confirmation by the President that . This violent act is in direct con­ difficulty and the trials-tribulations I the Government of El Salvador has satisfacto­ trast to the spirit of reconciliation embodied was going to say-but more than that, rily resolved the Anaya case. in the Central American peace agreement of the leader of this country who was The U.S. Government is a prime investor in signed in Guatemala on August 7, 1987. democratically elected, and the almost (2) UNITED STATES ASSISTANCE FOR INVESTI­ El Salvador. Since 1985, the El Salvadoran GATION.-The Congress calls on the Presi­ impossible task he has. Government has received more than $1 billion dent to formally offer to the Government of And so we offer in this substitute in United States aid, and for the first time in El Salvador such investigative services by whatever assistance by way of investi­ the history of the foreign aid program, United agencies of the United States Government gation to strengthen the bonds of jus­ States aid to El Salvador exceeds that gov­ as are permitted by law to assist in identify­ tice and to do what is right with re­ ernment's total annual budget. ing and bringing to trial those responsible spect to this particular matter. President Duarte faces a difficult task in for the murder of Herbert Anaya Sanabria. Then we require continued oversight guiding his country toward a democratic (3) REPORT ON EFFORTS TO INVESTIGATE THE MURDER OF HERBERT ANAYA AND THREATS on this matter on a regular basis by re­ future, and a functioning judicial system is cru­ AGAINST HIM.-Not later than 90 days after quiring a 90-day report on one status cial to his success. Indeed, it is in our primary the date of enactment of this Act, and on of the investigation. I am not overly interest to insure the maintenance of a stable, every 90th day thereafter during fiscal optimistic, frankly, but I am somewhat democratic government in El Salvador. The years 1988 and 1989, the President shall heartened by the fact that President Boxer-Moakley-Kennedy amendment is a step report to the Congress on- Duarte has tried so valiantly, under away from intimidation, and toward justice in efforts made by the Government of El what I think are almost impossible cir­ El Salvador. I urge my colleagues to support Salvador to identify and bring to trial those cumstances, to deal with this problem it. persons responsible for the murder of Her­ bert Anaya Sanabria, including efforts to in­ of the death squads on the right while Mr. BONKER. Mr. Chairman, I wish to ex­ vestigate the earlier threats made against trying to conduct a war on the other press my staunch opposition to this amend­ him by members of the Salvadoran security side and build a society with institu­ ment, which would direct the President to use forces, which were reported by Amnesty tions which all of us can earnestly sup­ Military Assistance Program [MAP] funds to International to President Duarte; and port. 34378 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE December 8, 1987 Mrs. BOXER. Mr. Chairman, will Mr. HYDE. I thank the gentleman again on the rise, and like many of my the gentleman yield? for yielding, my dear friend. colleagues in the House of Representa­ Mr. F ASCELL. I am happy to yield Mr. Chairman, I just wanted to say I tives, I am deeply concerned that the to the gentlewoman from California could not agree more with the remarks United States has been funding and [Mrs. BOXER]. of the gentlewoman from California training a government which uses its Mrs. BOXER. I thank the chairman and I want to commend the chairman military to terrorize and abuse is own for yielding. of this committee. citizens. Mr. Chairman, I want to thank the Mr. Chairman, if the gentleman Today, despite over $2.76 billion in chairman of the committee, Mr. FAs­ should ever leave Congress, and I pray United States economic and military CELL, for his very hard work on this, to God he never does, I would suggest assistance to El Salvador since 1981, bringing forward a compromise. he go to work for the National Foot­ the country still cannot control its As we all see, there are very strong ball League as an arbitrator, because military; corruption and massive feelings from the authors of the he could solve a lot of things very human rights violations still exist; and amendlnent, from respected Members quickly. I thank the gentleman. the judiciary, because of fear and in­ of this body such as the gentleman Mr. ANNUNZIO. I thank the gentle­ timidation, has been unable to bring to from Illinois [Mr. HYDE] who feels man. Mr. Chairman, I rise to express my justice the criminals who perpetrated very strongly that to withhold funds these crimes. In fact, a November 1987 would send the wrong signal. I would support for the Boxer-Moakley-Ken­ nedy amendlnent to H.R. 3100, the report by the Arms Control and For­ be less than honest if I did not say the International Security and Develop­ eign Policy Caucus has charged that authors of this amendlnent would ment Cooperation Act of 1987. This United States aid to El Salvador has much prefer to see the leverage we amendlnent will withhold 10 percent been misused by the military and the would have if we could withhold the of both economic and military assist­ ruling party, and this has inevitably funds. ance to El Salvador, until at least 15 destroyed the effectiveness of El Sal­ But in the spirit of the season and in days after the President has notified vador's efforts toward achieving peace the spirit of compromise and in defer­ Congress that the Government of El and economic recovery. ence to the chairman and with the Salvador has conducted a thorough in­ It is also clear that an atmosphere knowledge that Members will be vestigation of the murder of Herbert inviting increased human rights watching this issue-I can tell you, Mr. Anaya Sanabria, the President of El abuses is developing in El Salvador. Chairman, we have had very strong Salvador's nongovernmental Commis­ Besides the recent Anaya assassina­ support for the amendlnent as it was sion on Human Rights CCDHESJ. Also, tion, on October 27, El Salvador's Na­ drafted. Over 110 Members immediate­ this amendlnent instructs the Presi­ tional Assembly passed an amnesty ly said they would support it. dent to offer the assistance of the bill which would absolve those in­ So we will be following this. We United States Government to help El volved in politically motivated crimes, thank you. We believe it is a first step Salvador conduct this investigation. including those crimes committed by and we will in fact accept this compro­ The time has come for Congress to the military and by the death squads. mise. let President Napoleon Duarte and the Mr. Chairman, if true democracy is Mr. FASCELL. I thank the gentle­ Government of El Salvador know that to be established, and if there is to be woman very much. if they wish to receive foreign assist­ national reconciliation, as called for Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Chair­ ance from our country, repression and under the Central American peace man, will the gentleman yield? human rights violations against their agreement which was signed by the Mr. FASCELL. I yield to the gentle­ civilians must cease, and that those five Central American Presidents on man from California [Mr. LAGOMAR­ who have previously committed atroc­ August 7, then these human rights SINO]. ities must be brought to justice. abuses in El Salvador must come to an Mr. LAGOMARSINO. I thank the On October 27, while Herbert Anaya end. The Boxer-Moakley-Kennedy gentleman for yielding. was waiting outside his home to drive amendlnents sends a strong message to Mr. Chairman, I want to say that on two of his children to school, he was President Duarte that the U.S. Gov­ behalf of the minority I accept the brutality murdered-shot at point ernment cannot tolerate these activi­ substitute. It seems to me that al­ blank range by two death squad assail­ though I agree with all of the points ties, and therefore, I strongly urge my ants. Anays's only crime was that he colleagues in the House of Representa­ made by the gentleman from Illinois was the head of the country's nongov­ [Mr. HYDE] and was prepared to make ernmental human rights organiza­ tives to support this amendlnent. many of them myself, that to with­ tion-an organization which had con­ Mr. BUSTAMANTE. Mr. Chairman, hold-to make the statements that the scientiously documented the human will the gentleman yield? gentleman makes in his amendlnent rights abuses of the military, the El Mr. ANNUNZIO. I will be glad to about the death of Mr. Anaya is very Salvadoran Government, and the yield to the gentleman from Texas appropriate. l think we all share in death squads. Because of these death [Mr. BUSTAMANTE]. the concern about that. We all want to squads, and their acts and threats of Mr. BUSTAMANTE. I thank the do that. However, to take away 10 per­ violence, the identities of most non­ gentleman for yielding. cent of the aid to El Salvador I do not governmental human rights workers­ Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of think would assist at all. It would un­ except for a few leaders-have been the substitute. dermine or tend to undermine the po­ kept secret. Many of the outspoken in­ Mr. Chairman, I rise to speak in support of sition of President Duarte with his dividuals regularly receive death the substitute to the Boxer-Moakley-Kennedy own military. threats, and te.rror and repression amendment to H.R. 3100. This amendment So I think this is a good substitute. have become a sad way of life for Sal­ offers several specific, positive steps that will It makes sense, it expresses our con­ vadorans. Offices have been ransacked contribute to and promote peace in a region cern and I support it. and citizens have been intimidated. of this hemisphere that is undoubtedly of Mr. ANNUNZIO. Mr. Chairman, I Since 1970, death squad-type kill­ great concern to all in this country. move to strike the requisite number of ings, like that of Anaya, have been By offering United States agency support words. blamed for thousands of deaths. Al­ for the investigation of the murder of Herbert Mr. HYDE. Mr. Chairman, will the though politically motivated killings Anaya in El Salvador, Congress sends a mes­ gentleman yield? have dropped from hundreds a month sage to all, that we will no longer tolerate cal­ Mr. ANNUNZIO. I am glad to yield to just a few, recent activities indicate lous disregard of basic human rights. to the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. that death squad activities and human The provisions of this amendment are HYDE]. rights violations by the military are straightforward and address the issues: December 8, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 34379 It offers U.S. agency experience and aid in What we should know is that that murder of Herbert Anaya. The message we conducting the investigation. And it instructs trial not only brought some kind of are sending is simple: The United States has the President to present a detailed reporting retribution to the murderers of the re­ grave concerns about the prospects of de­ of agency and Salvadoran Government effort ligious, but beyond that it probably mocracy in a country where political matters directed toward the investigation. The Govern­ saved an awful lot of lives of other are decided by one side killing the other. ment of El Salvador must provide convincing people in El Salvador. For the past several years, United States evidence that it is making every effort to iden­ So the fact is we do have a responsi­ aid has been going to El Salvador for the ex­ tify and bring to justice the murderers of Her­ bility to involve ourselves. My friends, pressed purpose of helping establish an inde­ bert Anaya, the late President of the Human peace is coming hopefully to Central pendent judiciary. This amendment allows us Rights Commission of El Salvador. America. We must reaffirm our com­ to find out how well this effort is working. We This amendment is necessary not only be­ mitment to human rights to help have had some success as was demonstrated cause it addresses an issue that did not exist shape this peace. We know from per­ in the case of four American churchwomen­ when H.R. 3100 was first written, but it also sonal experience that when we make one of whom came from the Cleveland area sends a message of support for President our concerns official, as this amend­ which I represent. I would like to be able to Duarte to the Army and the people of El Sal­ ment skillfully does, and the compro­ vador. We are telling the people of El Salva­ mise does, human rights do improve in say that United States aid has something to dor that we support the Arias Peace Plan, and El Salvador. Personally, I think that do with putting Salvadoran murderers in jail­ that we support their President's efforts to in many ways we help strengthen whether the victims are Americans or Salva­ promote peace in El Salvador and the rest of President Duarte when we take these dorans. Central America. actions. Many of my colleagues will be voting on this Mr. Speaker, support for the Boxer-Moak­ So I want to compliment everyone issue for the first time. Others will have to ley-Kennedy amendment places the death involved and support the compromise strain to remember the debates of 3 and 4 squads and other countries in the region on and hopefully will do the trick. But years ago when we struggled to address the notice that we are no longer willing to ignore the fact is we have lost a very power­ tremendous human rights problems that exist­ human rights abuses. We are saying with our ful person in Herbert Anaya and that ed in El Salvador. Without appearing immod­ actions that we support basic freedoms, such is only the latest chapter of a sorry est, I think it is true to say that our efforts in as speech and assembly, and as long as we story. Congress and at times, even in the adminis­ provide more than 50 percent of the Salvador­ Mr. WEISS. Mr. Chairman, will the tration, had something to do with the progress an budget we have the right to expect compli­ gentlewoman yield to me? that has taken place. Certainly, there is more ance with our basic expectations of democra­ Ms. OAKAR. I yield to the gentle­ to do and this amendment will ensure that this cy. man from New York [Mr. WEISS]. progress will continue. I urge my colleagues on both sides of the Mr. WEISS. I thank the gentlewom­ This amendment flows out of these efforts floor to join us in support of this amendment an for yielding to me. and is fully consistent with the recommenda­ that speaks so strongly for democracy and Mr. Chairman, I want to express my tions of the National Bipartisan Commission peace.· commendation of the sponsors of the on Central America. These recommendations, Ms. OAKAR. Mr. Chairman, I move resolution, the amendment, Mrs. which form the basis of many of our policies to strike the requisite number of BOXER, Messrs. MOAKLEY and KENNEDY in the region, included a call for the condition­ words. and the chairman of the full commit­ ing of aid to El Salvador on demonstrated Mr. Chairman, I want to commend tee for his substitute which provides progress in human rights. the three authors of the original for an expression of concern for U.S. I commend the sponsors for bringing this amendment, because I think it is im­ assistance in the investigation and for amendment before the House and I urge my portant to reaffirm the concerns of ongoing recurrent 90 day reports into colleagues to continue to support a strong this Congress for human rights in the investigation of the Anaya human rights policy now, as it has done in the Central America. murder. past. I want to commend my colleagues I think that as a substitute it in fact Mr. DEFAZIO. Mr. Chairman, will and the distinguished chairman for under the circumstances does a tre­ the gentlewoman yield to me? their work in bringing us a compro­ mendous job in keeping pressure on to Ms. OAKAR. I yield to the gentle­ mise, because I think it makes a lot make sure that that killing does not go man from Oregon [Mr. DEFAZIO]. more sense to try to be unified on this and be forgotten. Mr. DEFAZIO. I thank the gentle­ issue and it is very, very fundamental. Mr. FEIGHAN. Mr. Chairman, will woman for yielding. It was almost exactly 7 years ago the gentlewoman yield to me? before Christmas when four American Ms. OAKAR. I yield to the gentle­ Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of church women were killed in El Salva­ man from Ohio [Mr. FEIGHAN]. the amendment. dor, raped and maimed. I think more Mr. FEIGHAN. I thank the gentle­ Mr. Chairman, I want to thank my than any other killing, even though woman for yielding. distinguished colleagues for offering there were hundreds and hundreds of Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of this amendment. Not only because the human rights violations, two of whom the amendment and associate myself murder of the President of El Salva­ were from greater Cleveland, those with the remarks of my colleague dor's Human Rights Commission is an abuses of human rights caught the from Cleveland. outrage, but because it offers us an op­ heart and imagination of the Ameri­ Mr. Chairman, I rise in strong support of the portunity to discuss the issue of can people. The fact is that when this amendment because it offers a sound ap­ United States assistance to El Salva­ Congress-I agree with my dear col­ proach that is fully consistent with United dor. league that President Duarte has tre­ States policy toward aid to El Salvador. It is United States aid to El Salvador has mendous pressures on him and I was not a slap at President Duarte, a man who been a flat-out disaster. A disaster for pleased that he came to address Con­ has struggled harder than anyone to give de­ the Salvadoran people, and a disaster gress a few weeks ago. But the fact is mocracy a foothold in his country. It is a warn­ for the United States. it was this Congress that raised con­ ing issued to those in El Salvador who have This Nation has supplied over $3 bil­ cerns in the foreign aid bill. We asked steadfastly followed a fundamentally undemo­ lion in military and economic assist­ for human rights certification of unre­ cratic course-a course whose path is marked ance to El Salvador. Despite that, or solved cases. The Tyler Commission by violence, intimidation, and murder. maybe because of it, El Salvador's was convened. And I believe it was the The sponsors of this amendment are not economy is a shambles, corruption and pressure of this Congress that brought looking to cut off aid to El Salvador. And as misuse of United States aid is wide­ about the investigation of that crime written, this amendment simply requires the spread, the civil war continues to rage, and eventually guardsmen were President to provide Congress with a report and the standard of living for most brought to trial in El Salvador. on the progress of the investigation into the Salvadorans is declining. 34380 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE December 8, 1987 We have a choice insofar as our rela­ And what a level of terror. Since 1979, over asks "Well, what is so special about El tions with El Salvador are concerned. 60,000 Salvadoran civilians have been killed Salvador?" We can go on. throwing good money or disappeared by death squads. Even worse, What is special about El Salvador is after bad. and fooling ourselves into we have yet to see anyone brought to justice. that since 1969 65,000 people have lost thinking it's doing some good. despite It is important to remember that this situation their lives in that war, and 45,000 of all evidence to the contrary. Or we can has occured while the United States has been those, it is estimated, were by death rethink our policy. I believe it's time giving El Salvador over $1 million a day. squads. That is what is so special to rethink our policy. Mr. Anaya was arrested by Salvadoran Gov­ about El Salvador. Too often, over the years. this ernment security forces in May of 1986. Mr. HYDE. Mr. Chairman, will the Nation has persisted in a failed policy During the first 14 days while he was held by gentleman yield? because we feel it is very important to the security forces, he was tortured and was Mr. BONIOR of Michigan. I yield to demonstrate our resolve. We don't told by Gen. Reynolds Golcher, director of the the gentleman from Illinois. want to cut and run. We don't want to treasury police, that he would be killed if he Mr. HYDE. Mr. Chairman, I thank admit that billions have been wasted returned to his work with the commission. on a flawed policy. The great Roman Mr. Anaya produced a report on "Torture in my friend for yielding. senator and philosopher, Marcus Tul­ El Salvador," based on his interviews while in I do not equate murders in San lius Cicero. said something very rele­ Marrona political prison. He of course returned Francisco with death squad activity in vant: "Any man can make mistakes. to his work when released from prison. El Salvador. My point was that un­ only an idiot persists in his error." During the spring and summer of this year, solved murders go on. There are a lot This amendment will be a message the office of the commission was often under of deaths, and many times no progress to the military and to the death surveillance. The members of the commission is made, even though police depart­ squads that the U.S. Congress sup­ received anonymous death threats. Mr. Anaya ments in Chicago and Boston are ports a free and open political process. was denounced by the armed forces and the making good faith efforts. The amend­ that we insist on respect for human treasury police. ment calls for progress, and I was rights and freedom of expression. and Witnesses say that a death squad car went trying to indicate that crimes do not that we believe that economic and by the cemetery while Mr. Anaya was being always submit to progress and all you social justice are the best medicine for buried. The gun barrels protruded through the can really ask for is good faith. That the violence in Central America. I urge windows. was my purpose, not to equate the all of you to support the amendment. A state of terror exists in that sad country. two. Mr. DELLUMS. Mr. Chairman. will Unless we do something more lives will be Mr. BONIOR of Michigan. Mr. the gentlewoman yield to me? lost and the peace process will be further un­ Chairman, I am pleased that the gen­ Ms. OAKAR. I yield to the gentle­ dermined. tleman has clarified his point. man from California [Mr. DELLUMS]. President Duarte does not have the power I think it is time that we stand up in Mr. DELLUMS. I thank the gentle­ to break the death squads or to insure justice. this Congress and support the arch­ woman for yielding. We can begin to turn the situation around by bishop and the Government of El Sal­ First. Mr. Chairman, I would like to withholding this rather small part of the securi­ vador in calling for an investigation of congratulate the gentlewoman for her ty assistance package until the Salvadoran the slaying. It is time for us to send a remarks and associate myself with Government has conducted a thorough inves­ signal to the Salvadoran death squads ·them. tigation of the murder of Mr. Herbert Anaya. that their activities will not be tolerat­ Mr. Chairman. it had been my inten­ It is also appropriate that at this time that ed. tion to speak in favor of the original we look at the situation in El Salvador and our I want to stress this also: that it is amendment but I shall not do so. involvement. After 7 years of United States in­ time that we support President volvement and $3 billion of United States 0 1710 Duarte. I think that by doing this we money, the situation in El Salvador is not im­ will support him. We give him a clear Mr. Chairman. I would simply at proving. signal that we want the criminal jus­ this time like to congratulate the gen­ The Government is ineffective, corruption is tice system to work in El Salvador. We tlewoman from California [Mrs. increasing, and there is military stagnation and say that we want the justice system to BoXERl for her diligent work in this social unrest. Our policy has failed. It has work in El Salvador and we want him regard, and also the gentleman from failed most particularly in our effort to press to continue on the path toward Massachusetts [Mr. MoAKLEY] and the for the establishment of a real system of jus­ progress in reconciling this war-tom gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr. tice. Without justice no government can win nation. · KENNEDY] for their hard work in this the hearts and minds of its people. We must So, Mr. Chairman, I recognize my matter. take this time to seek another way and to colleagues on their efforts in behalf of I would also like to thank the chair­ move toward peace and justice in El Salvador. man of the full committee. the gentle­ Support the Boxer-Moakley-Kennedy this amendment and trying to bring man from Florida [Mr. FASCELL], for amendment. justice for this terrible act that was his efforts in reconciling this matter Mr. BONIOR of Michigan. Mr. done to Mr. Anaya. and attempting to continue to send a Chairman, I move to strike the requi­ Mr. Chairman, on October 26, Herbert positive and constructive message with site number of words, and I rise in sup­ Anaya Sanabria, 32-year-old president of the respect to our commitment to human port of the amendment. Independent Salvadoran Human Rights Com­ rights in El Salvador. Mr. Chairman, I will not take very mission, was assassinated after he dropped Mr. Chairman, again, there is an escalation long. I just want to make some com­ two of his five children at school. of violence in El Salvador. One of the most ments about the amendments. As his children stood some distance away, flagrant examples occured on the morning of I particularly want to address myself two assassins fired handguns with silencers at October 26. Herbert Anaya Sanabria, presi­ to the comments that were made by "point-blank range." dent of the nongovernmental Human Rights my distinguished colleague, the gentle­ No group claimed responsibility for the kill­ Commission of El Salvador, was shot to death man from Illinois [Mr. HYDE], who ing. as he prepared to take his children to school. generally is very thoughtful and Just 2 weeks after the assassination of Mr. Anaya's assassins were two men using cogent on this floor, although we may Anaya, on November 9, two more victims semiautomatic weapons with silencers, often disagree. were found beaten to death along a highway. dressed in civilian clothing-the classic signa­ I think equating the death squads in The initials "FDR," a reference to Leftist ture of the Salvadoran death squads. El Salvador with crime in San Francis­ Democratic Revolutionary Front, were written Mr. Anaya had been an outspoken critic of co or Boston or Philadelphia is to on their chests in red ink. the ongoing terror carried out against the make a rather bizarre argument. My A few days later a Catholic lay worker who people of his country. friend, the gentleman from Illinois, guarded a Carmelita convent was killed under December 8, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 34381 circumstances that implicated the treasury treasury police, the national police, and the shall be in accordance with usual re­ police, an arm of the Salvadoran Government. national guard. programming procedures. These incidents are a clear reminder that Now it is time to apply United States pres­ Mr. Chairman, having said that, let the ruthless Salvadoran death squads, which sure once again in a constructive fashion in El me say also that I respect the wishes have been largely dormant under the presi­ Salvador. of the authors of the amendment, and, dency of Jose Napoleon Duarte, have reared This amendment is our best hope to show a therefore, I stand also in support of their ugly head once again. united front from President Duarte and from the substitute offered by the chairman Anaya was the second president of the Congress against the hated death squads. of the committee. commission to be killed and the seventh com­ Its passage will show clearly to the people Let me remind my colleagues, how­ mission member to have been slain or to dis­ of El Salvador that the cries of the 40,000 citi­ ever, that Mr. Anaya was the father of appear in the last 7 years. zens of their nation who have died at the five children, all under the age of 10. The Human Rights Commission and the hands of death squads have not been ig­ My deepest sympathies go out to them Roman Catholic Church estimate 65,000 per­ nored. and his wife. The amendment we are sons have been killed since the Salvadoran The amendment's passage will show the debating and the substitute are de­ war began in 1979. Of that total at least people of Central America that we stand signed to help President Jos~ Napole­ 40,000 were victims of death squads. united behind the Guatemala peace plan, and on Duarte bring their father and hus­ Responding to the resurgence of death that we seek peace and democracy in every band's killers to justice. Moreover, it squad activity, the Archbishop of El Salvador, country in the region. will help President Duarte keep his Arturo Rivera y Damas, warned in a nationally Vote for peace and reconciliation in El Sal­ commitment to democracy by demon­ televised homily in mid-November that the vador. Vote for the Boxer-Moakley-Kennedy strating the ability of his government amendment to the foreign aid bill. "escalating terror" of death squads must stop. Mr. MFUME. Mr. Chairman, I move to enforce the law in El Salvador. "I pray to God," he said, "We do not lose to strike the requisite number of It is my hope that, for the Anaya our heads and get entangled in the trap of vi­ words, and I rise in support of the family and all the people who are olence, which only generates more violence." amendment. working to achieve peace in El Salva­ After the slaying, a government spokesman Mr. Chairman, on October 26, 1987, dor, my colleagues will join me in sup­ denounced the killing and admitted it was the a tremendous blow was dealt to the porting the substitute amendment. work of "extremist elements seeking to de­ cause of peace in Central America. On Mr. STUDDS. Mr. Chairman, I rise in strong stroy the entire process we have been build­ that day, as has been stated previous­ support of the amendment. As we observe ing." A full investigation was promised. ly, Herbert Anaya Sanabria, the 32- with great hope the efforts to reconcile peo­ It is time for the U.S. Congress to join Arch­ year-old president of the Independent ples at war in Central America, and as we bishop Rivera y Damas and the Government Human Rights Commission in El Sal­ look for ways to support the peace process, of El Salvador in calling for an investigation of vador, was gunned down outside his we should remind ourselves that our greatest the Anaya slaying. home as he prepared to drive his chil­ hope and final purpose is the rise of societies It is time for us to send a signal to the Sal­ dren to school. free from political terror, free from political vadoran death squads that their activity will While more than 10,000 political murder, and where people are fr~ to criticize not be tolerated. murders have occurred in El Salvador their leaders without persecution. It is time to demonstrate our support for over the years, Anaya's assassination The assassination of human rights leader Salvadoran President Jose Napoleon Duarte, is an important reminder to all of us Herbert Anaya on October 26, as he left his who has mounted a full court campaign to that death squad activity still reigns in home to take his children to school, shocked bring about national reconciliation and internal that troubled nation. Reports by sev­ and saddened all those in El Salvador who dialog under the terms of the Guatemala eral human rights organizations indi­ share these hopes. As with the tragic murder peace agreement. cate that his murder followed a of Archbishop Romero in 1980, the people of The amendment offered by my friend summer of persecution, including sev­ El Salvador need an ablution that can only be from-if Mr. FASCELL of Florida offers the per­ eral death threats. experienced after justice has been done, after fecting amendment-California, and my col­ The United States has been more those responsible for these killings are identi­ leagues from Massachusetts does just that. than generous to El Salvador. In fiscal fied and condemned by the state. This bring­ It signals the deep concern that Congress year 1987, we provided $608 million in ing to justice contains profound symbolism: it has about the Anaya killing, and tells the assistance. This figure exceeded that represents the hope that the Salvadoran Gov­ death squads of El Salvador that their days country's own national budget by $12 ernment believes in fairness, freedom, justice are numbered as far as the U.S. Congress is million. for its people. · concerned. Having made such an investment, All of us share a desire to witness the rise Until now there has never been punishment and having known of Mr. Anaya's com­ of a more just El Salvador. All of us recognize of anyone associated with a death squad. mitment to peace in his country, I that the moderate leadership of President For this reason the death squads have as­ think it would be shameful for us not Duarte is threatened not only from the left, but sumed that threats, intimidation, and murder to take decisive action. Accordingly, I, also from the right. We may disagree on are acceptable means of governing. along with many others, have cospon­ which threat is the greater, but we share a We must change this perception. sored the Boxer-Moakley-Kennedy desire to end the horrors perpetrated by both The Boxer-Moakley-Kennedy amendment amendment to the International Secu­ extremes, so that El Salvador can progress calls for such an investigation into the Anaya rity Development Act of 1987. toward true and lasting democracy. murder and offers United States assistance in That amendment would, as has been We can agree on the importance of empha­ that effort. stated, instruct the President to with­ sizing the need to respect the just claims of The peace plan signed in Guatemala City hold 10 percent of all military assist­ Soviet Jewry, and we can agree on the need on August 7 calls for respect for human rights ance funds and 10 percent of economic to support the Mujahadeen in Afghanistan. We as well as national reconciliation. support funds until the Salvadoran should be able to agree today on the need to A peaceful resolution of the conflict in El Government has provided evidence respect the claims of those who stand for the Salvador requires at a minimum that the gov­ that efforts have in fact been made to cause of human rights in El Salvador. I urge ernment protect the security of civilians wish­ identify and bring to trial the people my colleagues to put aside partisanship and ing to participate in the political life of their responsible for Anaya's murder. And join in sending a clear, unanimous message in country, including critics of the government. second, it would offer United States support of President Duarte, in support of the In 1984, the paramilitary squads, facing assistance in conducting the investiga­ Salvadoran people, and in support of justice United States pressure, decreased their activi­ tion. Fifteen days before the release of everywhere. ties, after President Jose Napoleon Duarte the funds, the President must report Mr. DYMALL Y. Mr. Chairman, I would like to took office. They often had been linked to the to Congress detailing these efforts. take a moment to express my deep concern army or State security forces, including the The notification and release of funds over the ongoing and extensive human rights 34382 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE December 8, 1987 violations in El Salvador. Recently, this type of peaceful approach for an end to internal and fire within those countries and the region as activity culminated in the brutal murder of Her­ regional problems. Whereas a mood of opti­ a whole; bert Anaya Sanabria, president of the nongov­ mism and tolerance exists in this troubled <6> the President of Costa Rica and Nobel ernmental Salvadoran Human Rights Commis­ region, I find it sad and ironic that many within Laureate Oscar Arias has called for direct sion. It is sad to note that his death is but a negotiations between the Government of the U.S. Government cast doubt and skepti­ Nicaragua and the Nicaraguan Resistance grisly reminder to the people of El Salvador cism about the prospects for peace that are for a mutual and verifiable cease fire; that death squad activity still exists. In my explicitly outlined in the Central American <7> President Arias stated that a negotiat­ judgment, the United States cannot afford to peace plan. Instead of waging criticism and ed cease fire between the Government of turn a blind eye to such atrocities. scorn, our energies should be directed to­ Nicaragua and the Nicaraguan Resistance is That is why, Mr. Chairman, I rise today in wards reviving the legal and judicial reforms "indespensable if we are to achieve a lasting support of the Boxer-Moakley-Kennedy currently being sought in El Salvador. We peace in Central America"; amendment-as amended by Chairman FAS­ need to bring greater attention to bear on po­ (8) the Presidents of El Salvador, Guate­ CELL as found in-to the International Security litically motivated acts of repression, disap­ mala, and Honduras have also called upon and Development Cooperation Act of 1987 the Government of Nicaragua to negotiate pearances and murders which continue to in­ directly with the Nicaraguan Resistance; (H.R. 3j 00). By voting for this amendment, timidate and horrify its citizens. and Congress expresses its overriding concern for Unfortunately, some Members choose to <9> the President of Nicaragua announced the brutal murder of Herbert Anaya Sanabria ignore the atrocities in El Salvador because of on November 5, 1987, that the Nicaraguan and sends a firm message regarding our re­ its strategic importance to the United States. Government would negotiate a cease fire spect for human rights in the region. To But we must avoid the practice of double with the Directorate of the Nicaraguan Re­ ensure a thorough investigation of this horren­ standards when addressing the issue of sistance through an intermediary. dous act of brutality we ask the President to human rights violations in Central America. (b) STATEMENT OF CONGRESS.-The Con­ gress urges the Government of Nicaragua to report to Congress every 90 days until there is We must be equally concerned with the devel­ evidence that all reasonable, good-faith efforts enter into direct negotiations immediately opment of human rights principles in all coun­ with the Directorate of the Nicaraguan Re­ have been made by the El Salvadoran Gov­ tries of the region, whether friend or foe. It is sistance in order to bring about a mutual ernment to identify and bring to trial those imperative that we endorse a consistent and verifiable cease fire and to reach a polit­ persons responsible for the murder of the human rights policy to the region and not ical settlement with the Nicaraguan Resist­ President of the Salvadoran Human Rights engage in selective judgment toward the ance, so that the spirit of the Esquipulas II Commission. In addition, the amendment will people of Central America. Therefore, I firmly Accord may be fulfilled and democracy, call upon the President to provide United believe that the Boxer-Moakley-Kennedy peace, and economic stability will become reality for Central America. States agency assistance to the Salvadoran amendment demonstrates a genuine pledge judiciary in the conduct of the investigation. toward the implementation of human rights Mrs. BRYON the Presidents of Guatemala, El Salva­ toward ending the turmoil in Central declined dramatically since the beginning of dor, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica America. As many of you know, I have the war. Since this time, the infant mortality signed the "Esquipulas II Accord" on supported military assistance for the rate has risen to 36 percent. In fact, today, August 7, 1987, to establish democracy, end resistance and I make no apologies for one out of every four children is malnourished. civil strife, and promote economic stability that support. At the same time, I have U.S. military aid to this region has only served in Central America; always felt that a diplomatic solution to reinforce these grim conditions and exacer­ <2> the establishment of democracy, the should be pursued if such a plan could termination of civil strife, and the promo­ bate a volatile situation in which hundreds of tion of economic stability in Central Amer­ enhance the prospects for democrati­ innocent civilians have already lost their lives. ica is in the national interest of the United zation of the region, particularly with Our past policy in Central America makes it States; regard to Nicaragua, if peace is to suc­ apparent that military power cannot bring (3) the Esquipulas II Accord calls for the ceed. That is why I was one of the co­ about the fulfillment of democratic principles. signatories "to make dialogue prevail over signers of the letter drafted last spring Indeed, military power alone only serves to violence and reason over rancor"; by our colleague, Mr. SLATTERY, urging bring about more bloodshed and a recycle of '(4) a lasting peace in Central America can the President to support the Arias ini­ violence. Despite these deteriorating circum­ only come about through dialogue; tiative. (5) the Governments of El Salvador, Gua­ stances, the political will required to change temala, and Honduras have entered into There will always be an argument, the current situation exists and has expressed direct negotiations with the representatives particularly on my side of the aisle as itself in a meaningful peace proposal. It re­ of both internal opposition organizations to why the Sandinistas have come to quires a concerted effort on the part of all and antigovernment insurgent forces to the table. It is my belief that the pres­ Central American countries to pursue a bring about a mutual and verifiable cease ence of the Nicaraguan resistance has December 8, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 34383 played a critical role in getting the gentlewoman from Maryland [Mrs. subsection of the new section proposed Sandinistas to negotiate. However, the BYRON]. to be added by the amendment, strike out A primary element of the Arias the word "and" at the end of paragraph (8); intent of this amendment is not to strike out the period at the end of para­ weigh the pros and cons of aid to the peace plan is a negotiated settlement graph 9 and insert in lieu thereof a semi­ resistance, it simply states that Con­ and cease-fire. All the democratically colon; and after paragraph 9 insert the fol­ gress recognizes that direct negotia­ elected Presidents who signed the lowing: tions between the Nicaraguan Govern­ Guatemala peace accord have en­ "<10) in signing the Central American ment and the resistance are essential dorsed the principle of direct negotia­ peace accord on August 7, 1987, entitled if: First, a cease-fire is to be effective; tions between conflicting sides. 'Procedure for the Establishment of a and second, if a political settlement in In the case of El Salvador, President Strong and Lasting Peace in Central Amer­ that nation is to be achieved. Duarte has met directly with the ica', the Nicaraguan Government pledged armed opposition fighting in his coun­ 'to promote an authentic democratic, plural­ As we know, the Arias initiative as ist and participatory process that includes signed does not require direct negotia­ try. He has even met with them in El the promotion of social justice Candl respect tions between the governments and Salvador; with those he knows kid­ for human rights'; and the armed insurgencies in the region. napped his daughter. "(ll) under that accord, Nicaragua is spe­ Nonetheless, President Arias has ex­ If we and the other Central Ameri­ cifically required to establish 'complete free­ erted his considerable influence in per­ can leaders expect that of El Salvador, dom of press, television and radio' 'for all we can ask no less of Nicaragua. ideological groups' 'without prior censor­ suading the Salvadorian Government ship'; to grant political groupings 'broad to talk directly with the FMLN, and Even if the Sandinista regime in Nicaragua refuses to allow discussions access to communications media' and full for the Guatemalan Government to to take place in Nicaragua, the pres­ exercise of the rights of association, free negotiate with armed insurgencies op­ sure from respected leaders in the speech, and movement; to decree an amnes­ posed to that Government. It was the ty guaranteeing 'freedom in all its forms'; Nicaraguan Government who were the region should make them realize that and to terminate state of emergency laws last hold-outs in negotiating with an it is vital to the peace process that while reestablishing 'the full exercise of all they make a good faith effort to nego­ constitutional guarantees'." armed insurgency. Fortunately, that tiate a peaceful end to the conflict in At the end of subsection of the new Government has taken a modest step their country and that requires face­ proposed section to be added by the amend­ forward in acceeding to negotiations to-face discussions with their armed ment, add the following: with the resistance through an inter­ opposition. " Actions Which Should Be Undertaken mediary. The Sandinistas argue they should by Nicaragua.-It is the sense of the Con­ Last week, Cardinal Obando y Bravo be sitting down to negotiate with the gress that Nicaragua should undertake the commented that President Ortega United States and not with the armed following reforms in order to bring about should accept face-to-face talks be­ lasting peace, pluralism, and democracy in Nicaraguan resistance because the Nicaragua: tween the Nicaraguan Government United States gives support to the (1) IN GENERAL.- and the Nicaraguan resistance. It is in­ Contras. If that logic were to follow, (A) Ensure freedoms of expression, asso­ teresting to note that the Nicaraguan then President Duarte should agree ciation, assembly and movement, religion, resistance had accepted the cardinal's only to talk to Nicaragua rather than and education. terms for a cease-fire during Christ­ the guerrillas fighting in El Salvador, Restore rights to security of person mas while the Sandinistas had reject­ and the United States should agree and home and freedom from unjustified ed the same proposal. arrest. only to talk with Cuba and the Soviet Stop coercive pressure to join Sandi­ I think it is extremely important Union rather than Nicaragua. There nista party groups. that Congress send a signal to the Nic­ can be no question, Nicaragua depends Stop discriminatory and punitive ap­ araguan Government that we expect for its lifeblood on the total backing plication of military conscription. that Government to negotiate a cease­ and support of Cuba and the Soviet Allow all citizens, including refugees fire with the Nicaraguan resistance Union. and exiles, to return to Nicaragua. which encompasses an acceptable po­ So if we are to have peace in Nicara­ Reinstate due process and fair trials litical settlement. And this sense of gua, it must begin with direct negotia­ and release those imprisoned without If charge, trial, or due process, including cam­ Congress sends that signal. there is tions between the Government of pesinos, Creoles, and Indians. ever to be a real peace in Nicaragua, Nicaragua and the Nicaraguan resist­ Abolish extraordinary tribunals and democracy must move forward. And ance. As my colleagues have pointed the powers of police forces to conduct trials, for democracy to move forward in out, just this past weekend, Nicara­ decide appeals, and sentence individuals to Nicaragua, the resistance must be guan Cardinal Obando y Bravo called prison terms. given the right to be a political force on the Sandinista government to agree Permit independent human rights ob­ within Nicaragua. Otherwise a cease­ to direct negotiations with the armed servers, including the International Com­ opposition. It seems apparent that if mittee of the Red Cross, to meet and travel fire would be a sham. freely and to visit prisoners, prisons, and tri­ Let me also reiterate that the Nica­ the cardinal's efforts for peace are to bunals. raguan Government should comply go forward, there must be a willing­ End all forms of torture and conditions with the Arias initiative by lifting the ness on both sides to sit down face to of confinement which constitute torture state of emergency, granting amnesty face to hammer out a mutually accept­ and end the practice of holding prisoners in­ to the thousands of political prisoners able solution. The Nicarguaan resist­ communicado. held in Nicaraguan jails, lifting all re­ ance has shown its willingness to do (2) POLITICAL PROCESS REFORMS.- strictions on the press and political ac­ so. The Democratic leaders ·in the (A) Allow political parties and the demo­ cratic opposition to meet and march public­ tivity immediately. The Nicaraguan region have urged the Sandinistats to ly, publicize meetings, and meet with and Government should not be permitted do so. It is essential that the Sandinis­ utilize the media. to use the cease-fire as an excuse to tas agree to direct negotiations, also, if End jailing of opposition party activ­ defer compliance with the treaty. We the peace process is to have a chance ists and the drafting of opposition party ac­ should insist that the Nicaraguan Gov­ in Central America. tivists and their children in reprisal for non­ ernme:qt be in compliance now. I ask AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MR. CHANDLER TO THE violent political activity. that the amendment be adopted. AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MRS. BYRON Abolish the role of the Committees for Mr. CHANDLER. Mr. Chairman, I the Defense of Sandinismo's and 0 1720 other party organizations in dispensing ra­ offer an amendment to the amend­ tioning cards and government services. Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Chair­ ment. Conduct free and open presidential, man, I move to strike the last word. The Clerk read as follows: legislative, and municipal elections by De­ Mr. Chairman, I rise in strong sup­ Amendment offered by Mr. CHANDLER to cember 31, 1990, as specified by current Nic­ port of the amendment offered by the the amendment offered by Mrs. BYRON: In araguan law. 34384 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE December 8, 1987 Repeal the suspension provisions of and active role in the affairs of this The women, members of the govern­ the Nicaraguan constitution. region, is to be certain that the fullest ment sponsored "Mothers of the Mar­ Separate the armed forces from any reform possible is realized during this tyrs of the Revolution," were bused in political party. (3) PREss AND MEDIA RIGHTS.- period and beyond. at government expense and Lenin (A) Allow an uncensored, free press. My amendment elaborates on the Cerna, the chief of Nicaragua's Secret End newsprint restrictions and allow needed changes for Nicaragua to fully Police, was present at the riot. Many private newsprint sales. comply with the letter and spirit of women had to be hospitalized and at Allow the full spectrum of private tel­ the Guatemala accord. least two were killed. evision and radio broadcasting. Among its provisions are: Finally, Radio Catolica has already (4) LABOR RIGHTS.- (A) Ensure the right to strike and to pub­ The rights of opposition parties to been censored by the government, and lish by independent unions. meet and organize; has until recently been forbidden to Release those imprisoned because of Full freedom of the press; broadcast any news at all. non-violent union activities. Freedom for the labor movement to Unfortunately, a few of our col­ (5) RELIGIOUS FREEDO:MS.- organize and strike; leagues have expressed dissatisfaction (A) Allow the Catholic church to reopen Unrestrained religious liberty; and with these steps, and we have heard its social welfare, human rights, and publi­ Equal rights for Atlantic coast and cation offices. an amendment in the nature of a sub­ Allow Cardinal Obando Y Bravo to Indian peoples. stitute might be offered. resume his televised Sunday mass. These principles, the amendment This substitute would gut all of the Allow the return of all expelled Catho­ states, should be adopted by all coun­ specific changes listed in our amend­ lic priests. tries in the region. ment, and send a message to the San­ Allow religion courses to be taught in My amendment also goes into much dinista.s that Congress does not expect private schools. needed detail on these points. And Allow Protestant evangelicals to them to make real and lasting changes these principles, it states, should be under the Guatemala accord. preach and conduct meetings. adopted by all countries in the region. (6) CAMPESINO RIGHTS.- I am confident, however, that the (A) End preventive detention and forcible All political prisoners must be re­ majority of my colleagues will oppose resettlement of campesinos and allow those leased, not just 10 or 20 percent. any such changes, and send a clear who have been displaced to return. The right of due process and a fair message to the Sandinista.s that we Cease aerial bombing attacks against trial must be restored and the prisons support full democratization in all of civilians and their properties. must be opened to human rights moni­ Central America. Cease the destruction of peasant farm­ tors including the International Com­ lands. Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Chairman, I rise End pressure to Join Sandinista farm­ mittee of the Red Cross. in opposition to the amendment. ing cooperatives. The right of the Nicaraguan Presi­ There are 33 specific conditions in (7) INDllN AND CREOLE RIGHTS.- dent to suspend the constitution must the amendment with regard to the (A) Permit Indian and Creole residents to be abolished, and the national army Central American peace effort. The freely travel, assemble, speak, publish, should be just that, and not the Sandi­ peace plan has already been written broadcast, and maintain cultural beliefs and nista's army. practices. and it is going to be difficult enough, End forcible detention and relocation Another key provision is the aboli­ it seems to me, for the countries that of Indian and Creole residents and allow tion of the Sandinista Defense Com­ have signed that agreement to make a them to return to their home communities. mittee's role in dispensing ration cards determination as to whether or not Cease aerial bombings and attacks on and other government services which the agreement has or has not been Atlantic Coast civilians and their properties. can be used to coerce citizens into join­ Allow Indians and Creoles to engage complied with. ing the ruling party. The one thing they do not need, in in traditional farming, fishing, hunting, and The Catholic Church must be al­ necessary subsistence activity. my judgment, is a determination legis­ (d) ACHIEVEMENT OF DEMOCRATIC PRINCI· lowed to reopen its social welfare, human rights and publication offices, latively as to the specific steps that PLES AND PROCESSES IN CENTRAL AMl:RICA.-lt would have to be taken in order to is the sense of the Congress that all coun­ and Cardinal Obando y Bravo must be qualify under the gentleman's agree­ tries in Central America should continue to allowed to resume his televised work toward achieving the democratic prin­ Sunday Mass; and the persecution of ment. ciples and processes specified in the Central Protestant evangelicals must end. This is micromanagement of the American peace accord of August 7, 1987, As the deadline for the agreement worst kind. I know the amendment is entitled 'Procedure for the Establishment of signed in Esquipulas by the Central presented in the proper spirit. We are a Strong and Lasting Peace in Central all doing our best to bring peace one America'." American Presidents draw near, we all hope for a positive outcome. Our way or another to Central America, Mr. CHANDLER Mr. FASCELL Mr. Chairman, I Richardson Slaughter Thomas Mr. CHANDLER. Mr. Chairman, I Ridge Slaughter CV Al Torres would like to explain that it is the in­ demand a recorded vote. Rinaldo Smith(FL) Torricelli tention of the manager of the bill that A recorded vote was ordered. Ritter Smith Traficant when we dispose of the basic amend­ Roberts Smith Traxler The vote was taken by electronic Robinson Smith (NJ) Udall ment that is now before us to ask that device, and there were-ayes 346, noes Roe Smith VanderJagt CRoll No. 461l Rostenkowski Smith, Robert Vento morrow. But in order to do that, Mr. Roth (NH) Visclosky Chairman, we have to get to the basic AYES-346 Roukema Smith, Robert Volkmer amendment which is the pending Anderson Edwards Kyl Rowland Vucanovich Byron amendment, as amended. Andrews Emerson LaFalce Rowland Snowe Walgren Annunzio English Lagomarsino Russo Solarz Walker Mr. WALKER. Mr. Chairman, I Anthony Erdreich Lantos Saiki Solomon Watkins have a parliamentary inquiry. Applegate Espy Latta Sawyer Spence Waxman The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman Archer Fawell Leach Saxton Spratt Weber Armey Fazio Leath Schaefer St Germain Weldon from New York [Mr. WEISS] has been Aspin Feighan Lent Scheuer Staggers Whittaker recognized. AuCoin Fields Levin Schneider Stallings Whitten Mr. WALKER. Mr. Chairman, I Badham Fish Levine Schroeder Stangeland Wilson want to reserve a point of order on the Ballenger Flippo Lewis Schuette Stenholm Wise Barnard Florio Lewis Schulze Stratton Wolf amendment to the amendment. Bartlett Foglietta Lightfoot Schumer Stump Wolpe The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will Barton Foley Lipinski Sensenbrenner Sundquist Wortley first report the amendment and then Bateman Ford Livingston Sharp Swift Wylie Bentley Frenzel Lloyd Shaw Swindall Yates the gentleman is entitled to reserve a Bereuter Frost Lott Shays Synar Yatron point of order. Berman Gallegly Lowery Shuster Tallon Young Bevill Gallo Lujan Sisisky Tauke Young AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MR. WEISS AS A SUB­ Bilbray Gaydos Luken, Thomas Skaggs Tauzin STITUTE FOR THE AMENDMENT OFFERED BY Bilirakis Gejdenson Lukens, Donald Skeen Taylor MRS.BYRON, AS AMENDED Boehlert Gekas Mack Mr. WEISS. Mr. Chairman, I offer Boggs Gibbons MacKay NOES-58 an amendment as a substitute for the Boland Gilman Madigan Ackerman Fascell Oberstar Bonker Gingrich Manton Akaka Frank Obey amendment, as amended. Borski Glickman Marlenee Alexander Garcia Olin The Clerk read as follows: Bosco Goodling Martin Atkins Gonzalez Owens Boucher Gordon Martin Amendment offered by Mr. WEISS as a Bates Gray CPA> Pease substitute for the amendment offered by Boulter Gradison Matsui Beilenson Hawkins Pepper Boxer Grandy Mavroules Bennett Hayes Pickett Mrs. BYRON, as amended: Page 121, add the Brennan Grant Mazzoli Bonior Kastenmeier Rangel following after line 25: Brooks Gray McCandless Brown(CA> Kennedy Rodino Broomfield Green Mccloskey SEC. 713. CENTRAL AMERICAN PEACE AGREEMENT. Clay LehmanCCAl Roybal (a) FINDINGS.-The Congress finds that- Brown Gregg McColl um Collins Lehman(FL) Sabo Bruce Guarini McDade Conyers Leland Savage ( 1) the Presidents of Guatemala, El Salva­ Bryant Gunderson McEwen Coyne Lewis Sikorski dor, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica Buechner Hall McGrath Crockett Lowry Stark signed the "Esquipulas II Accord" on Bunning Hamilton McMillan DeFazio Markey Studds August 7, 1987, to establish democracy, end Burton Hammerschmidt McMillen Dellums McHugh Weiss Bustamante Hansen Meyers civil strife, and promote economic stability Downey Miller (CA) Wheat in Central America; Byron Harris Mica Dymally Moody Wyden Callahan Hastert Michel Edwards Morrison <2> the establishment of democracy, the Campbell Hatcher Miller Evans Murtha termination of civil strife, and the promo­ Cardin Hayes Miller tion of economic stability in Central Amer­ Carper Hefley Moakley NOT VOTING-29 ica is in the national interest of the United Carr Hefner Molinari States; Chandler Henry Mollohan Baker Flake Mineta Chapman Herger Montgomery Biaggi Ford Pelosi <3> the Esquipulas II Accord calls for the Chappell Hertel Moorhead Bliley Gephardt Roemer signatories "to make dialogue prevail over Cheney Hiler Morella Courter Hall Shumway violence and reason over rancor"; Clarke Hochbrueckner Morrison Crane Kemp Slattery (4) a lasting peace in Central America can Clinger Holloway Mrazek Daub Lancaster Stokes only come about through dialogue; Coats Hopkins Murphy Dicks Lungren Sweeney (5) the Governments of El Salvador, Gua­ Coble Horton Myers Dixon Martinez Towns Coelho Houghton Nagle Donnelly Mccurdy Williams temala, and Honduras have entered into Coleman (MO) Howard Natcher Dowdy Mfume direct negotiations with the representatives Coleman (TX) Hoyer Neal of both internal opposition organizations Combest Hubbard Nelson 0 1805 and antigovernmental insurgent forces to Conte Huckaby Nichols bring about a mutual and verifiable cease Cooper Hughes Nielson Mr. AKAKA and Mr. RODINO fire within those countries and the region as Coughlin Hunter Nowak changed their votes from "aye" to a whole: Craig Hutto Oakar Daniel Hyde Ortiz "no." <6> the President of Costa Rica and Nobel Dannemeyer Inhofe Owens Mrs. MEYERS of and Laureate Oscar Arias has called for direct Darden Ireland Oxley Messrs. LEVINE of California, FOG­ negotiations between the Government of Davis Jacobs Packard Nicaragua and the Nicaraguan Resistance Davis Jeffords Panetta LIETTA, and MOLLOHAN changed for a mutual and verifiable cease fire; de la Garza Jenkins Parris their votes from "no" to "aye." <7> President Arias stated that a negotiat­ DeLay Johnson Pashayan So the amendment to the amend­ ed cease fire between the Government of Derrick Johnson (SD) Patterson Nicaragua and the Nicaraguan Resistance is DeWine Jones Penny ment was agreed to. Dickinson Jones Perkins The result of the vote was an­ "indispensable if we are to achieve a lasting Dingell Jontz Petri nounced as above recorded. peace in Central America"; DioGuardi Kanjorski Pickle (8) the Presidents of El Salvador, Guate­ Dorgan Kaptur Porter Mr. WEISS. Mr. Chairman, I move mala, and Honduras has also called upon Doman Kasich Price to strike the last word. the Government of Nicaragua to negotiate Dreier Kennelly Price Mr. F ASCELL Mr. Chairman, will directly with the Nicaraguan Resistance; Duncan Kildee Pursell (9) the President of Nicaragua announced Durbin Kleczka Quillen the gentleman yield, Dwyer Kolbe Rahall Mr. WEISS. I am pleased to yield to on November 5, 1987, that the Nicaraguan Dyson Kolter Ravenel the gentleman from Florida, chairman Government would negotiate a cease fire Early Konnyu Ray with the Directorate of the Nicaraguan Re­ Eckart Kostmayer Regula of the full committee. sistance through an intermediary; 34388 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE December 8, 1987 "<10> in signing the Central American CE) Repeal the suspension provisions of strikes wherever the word "Nicaragua" peace accord on August 7, 1987, entitled the constitution. or "Nicaraguan government" appears 'Procedure for the Establishment of a CF) Separate the armed forces from any Strong and Lasting Peace in Central Amer­ political party. and says "the governments of Central ica', the Central American Governments C3) PRESS AND MEDIA RIGHTS.- America." So that everything else re­ pledged 'to promote an authentic democrat­ CA) Allow an uncensored, free press. mains exactly the same. The purpose ic, pluralist and participatory process that CB> End newsprint restrictions and allow of it is to indicate that the Central includes the promotion of social Justice private newsprint sales. American peace accord did not just [and] respect for human rights'; and CC) Allow the full spectrum of private tel­ have the Nicaraguan Government CU> under that accord, the Central Ameri­ evision and radio broadcasting. pledge to do certain things regarding can Governments are specifically required C4) LABOR RIGHTS.- to establish 'complete freedom of press, tele­ CA) Ensure the right to strike and to pub­ democracy; it pledged all the govern­ vision and radio' 'for all ideological groups' lish by independent unions. ments of Central America. 'without prior censorship'; to grant political CB> Release those imprisoned because of Mr. F ASCELL. Mr. Chairman, will groupings 'broad access to communications non-violent union activities. the gentleman yield? media' and full exercise of the rights of as­ C5) RELIGIOUS FREEDOMS.- Mr. WEISS. I would be delighted to sociation, free speech, and movement; to CA) Allow the Catholic church to reopen yield to the chairman. decree an amnesty guaranteeing 'freedom in its social welfare, human rights, and publi­ Mr. FASCELL. I thank the gentle­ all its forms'; and to terminate state of cation offices. man from New York for yielding. Mr. emergency laws while reestablishing 'the CB> Allow resumption of televised Sunday full exercise of all constitutional guaran­ masses. Chairman, I just want to be sure I tees'." CC> Allow the return of all expelled Catho­ heard the gentleman correctly. That is Cb) STATEMENT OF CONGRESS.-The Con­ lic priests. he takes the Chandler language as it is gress urges the Government of Nicaragua to CD> Allow religion courses to be taught in and simply makes it applicable to all enter into direct negotiations immediately private schools. of the Central American governments? with the Directorate of the Nicaraguan Re­ CE) Allow Protestant evangelicals to Mr. WEISS. The Chairman is abso­ sistance in order to bring about a mutual preach and conduct meetings. lutely correct. and verifiable cease fire and to reach a polit­ C6) CAMPESINO RIGHTS.- ical settlement with the Nicaraguan Resist­ CA) End preventive detention and forcible Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Chairman, as far ance, so that the spirit of the Esquipulas II resettlement of campesinos and allow those as I am concerned on this side we are Accord may be fulfilled and democracy, who have been displaced to return. happy to accept the substitute. peace, and economic stability will become CB> Cease aerial bombing attacks against Mr. WEISS. Mr. Chairman, I yield reality for Central America. civilians and their properties. back the balance of my time. "CC) AC'l'IONS WHICH SHOULD BE UNDERTAK· CC> Cease the destruction of peasant farm­ lands. The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentle­ EN.-It is the sense of the Congress that man from Pennsylvania [Mr. WALKER] each of the Central American Governments CD> End pressure to Join farming coopera­ should undertake the following reforms in tives. intend to raise his point of order at order to bring about lasting peace, plural­ C7) INDIAN AND CREOLE RIGHTS.- this point? ism, and democracy; CA) Permit Indian and Creole residents to Mr. WALKER. No, Mr. Chairman, I freely travel, assemble, speak, publish, (1) IN GENERAL.- withdraw my point of order. CA) Ensure freedoms of expression, asso­ broadcast, and maintain cultural beliefs and The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman ciation, assembly and movement, religion, practices. CB> End forcible detention and relocation from Pennsylvania withdraws his and education. of Indian and Creole residents and allow point of order. CB> Restore rights to security of person them to return to their home communities. Mr. HYDE. Mr. Chairman, I move to and home and freedom from unjustified CC) Cease aerial bombings and attacks on arrest. strike the last word and I rise in oppo­ civilians and their properties. sition to the substitute offered by the CC> Stop coercive pressure to Join Sandi­ CD> Allow Indians and Creoles to engage nista party groups. in traditional farming, fishing, hunting, and gentleman from New York. CD> Stop discriminatory and punitive ap­ necessary subsistence activity. Mr. Chairman, ladies and gentlemen, plication of military conscription. Cd) ACHIEVEMENT OF DEMOCRATIC PRINCI· this amendment would be a serious CE> Allow all citizens, including refugees PLES AND PROCESSES IN CENTRAL AMl:RICA.-lt mistake · because it diffuses the focus and exiles, to return. is the sense of the Congress that all coun­ off of Nicaragua, which is the country CF> Reinstate due process and fair trials tries in Central America should continue to and release those imprisoned without in question and applies it to all of Cen­ work toward achieving the democratic prin­ tral America, such as Costa Rica, a de­ charge, trial, or due process, including cam­ ciples and processes specified in the Central pesinos, Creoles, and Indians. American peace accord of August 7, 1987, mocracy of long-standing and of admi­ CG> Abolish extraordinary tribunals and entitled "Procedure for the Establishment rable history. We are not talking the powers of police forces to conduct trials, of a Strong and Lasting Peace in Central about all of Central America. If we decide appeals, and sentence individuals to America." are, let us talk about South America, prison terms. let us talk about the Middle East, let CH> Permit independent human rights ob­ Mr. WEISS End all forms of torture and conditions The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection They are surrounded by democra­ of confinement which constitute torture to the request of the gentleman from cies, fledgling or otherwise. and end the practice of holding prisoners in­ Nicaragua is the problem, led by a communicado. New York? C2) POLITICAL PROCESS REFORMS.- There was no objection. Marxist-Leninist junta. CA) Allow political parties and the demo­ Mr. WALKER. Mr. Chairman, I re­ These points that were made apply cratic opposition to meet and march public­ serve a Point of order on the amend­ to Nicaragua. Now if you vote for the ly, publicize meetings, and meet with and ment. gentleman from New York's amend­ utilize the media. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman ment then you are removing the onus, CB> End Jailing of opposition party activ­ from Pennsylvania reserves a point of the focus, the attention on Nicara­ ists and the drafting of opposition party ac­ order on the amendment. gua's conduct and you are applying it tivists and their children in reprisal for non­ Mr. WEISS. Mr. Chairman, very to Costa Rica, to Guatemala, to Hon­ violent political activity. CC> Abolish the role of party organizations briefly let me explain what this substi­ duras, to El Salvador and everywhere in dispensing rationing cards and govern­ tute is about. What I do is to take that else. If indeed we have a problem re­ ment services. portion of the amendment to the moving the Miskito Indians from CD> Conduct free and open presidential, Byron amendment that was offered by Costa Rica, then let us have some leg­ legislative, and municipal elections as speci­ Mr. CHANDLER and provide a substitute islation on that. As I understand it, fied by current law. for that and the substitute very simply the Miskito Indians are being moved December 8, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 34389 from their homes by the Nicaraguan and support President Arias in his bid D 1820 Sandinistas. So the gentleman's to try to democratize Nicaragua. Mr. STENHOLM. Mr. Chairman, I amendment does not make sense. Mr. RITTER. Mr. Chairman, will move to strike the requisite number of Please do not permit the adulteration the gentleman yield? words. of a good blow for freedom and some Mr. HYDE. I yield to the gentleman Mr. Chairman, I will just take 30 sec­ specificity on where this Congress from Pennsylvania CMr. RITTER]. onds. I think this is very important. stands on freedom and democracy and Mr. RITTER. Mr. Chairman, I The purpose of the Chandler amend­ human rights in Nicaragua by apply­ thank the gentleman for yielding. ment was to focus on one major poten­ ing the gentleman's watered-down, Mr. Chairman, the present language tial problem in Central America, that adulterated language. has places where only things Nicara­ dealing with a Communist government Mrs. BYRON. Mr. Chairman, will guan are mentioned. In Item 6(d) in Nicaragua. the gentleman yield? there is something here to end pres­ sure to join Sandinista farming coop­ The gentleman's amendment that is Mr. HYDE. I yield to the gentle­ now pending would truly trivialize and woman from Maryland [Mrs. BYRON]. eratives or to cease aerial bombing and attacks on Atlantic coast civilians. in fact take us quite apart from the Mrs. BYRON. I thank the gentle­ major point that is attempting to be man for yielding. Mr. HYDE. Does the gentleman mean none of that applies elsewhere made at this time. The problem is Mr. Chairman, the most important Nicaragua and the form of govern­ aspect of my amendment is that it in Central America, only in Nicaragua? Mr. RITTER. I think the gentleman ment some are trying to have in Nica­ calls for a political settlement in Nica­ is correct when he makes that state­ ragua. The problem is not Costa Rica, ragua because a ceasefire would only ment. not Guatemala, but Nicaragua. be effective if there is a political set­ Mr. HYDE. Then it would be foolish Mr. Chairman, I ask the Members to tlement. And the key to a political set­ and a non sequitur to adopt the gen­ vote "no" on the substitute amend­ tlement to the civil war in Nicaragua is tleman's language when what we are ment. the democratization of Nicaragua. talking about applies to Nicaragua? Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Chairman, Therefore, I think, it is extremely im­ Mr. RITTER. Yes, words like fool­ I move to strike the requisite number portant that we establish the neces­ ish, nonsense and non sequitur do of words. sary criteria for judging the progress apply. Mr. Chairman, I just want to make a of the Nicaraguan Government in Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Chair­ few things clear. I think we are getting granting freedom to the Nicaraguan man, I move to strike the last word. this confused a little bit, because as I people. And the amendment works I think to adopt the gentleman from understand the gentleman's amend­ hand in hand with the Arias peace ini­ New York's amendment would be to ment and as I understood the chair­ tiative in promoting those reforms in trivialize this whole issue. It does not man of the full committee, they were Nicaragua which are necessary for the make a lot of sense to say in all Cen­ saying that the Central American na­ plan to succeed. We have just had an tral America we should stop coercive tions agreed to be bound by this and overwhelming vote in support of the pressure to join Sandinista party they did not think it was a good idea substitute to my amendment which groups? I did not know that there to single out anyone, but that they puts hand in glove the teeth that are were any. Or that the governments of would all move toward this; is that cor­ necessary to work for the political set­ El Salvador, Guatemala and Costa rect? Is that the purpose of the gentle­ tlement. Rica were pressuring people to join man's amendment? Mr. HYDE. Would the gentlewoman them? That does not make any sense. Mr. WEISS. Mr. Chairman, will the agree that the gentleman from New Mr. WALKER. Mr. Chairman, will gentlewoman yield? York's amendment guts her amend­ the gentleman yield? Mrs. SCHROEDER. I yield to the ment and makes it gibberish because it Mr. LAGOMARSINO. I yield to the gentleman from New York. talks about things that do not apply to gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. Mr. WEISS. Mr. Chairman, I thank central America? WALKER]. the gentlewoman for yielding. Mrs. BYRON. I would have no prob­ Mr. WALKER. I thank the gentle­ Let me clarify the situation. I had lem with applying it to Central Amer­ man for yielding. assumed that my substitute amend­ ica if other Central American coun­ Mr. Chairman, I find one thing ment was so modest and universally tries such as Costa Rica and several which is very disturbing in here. If I acceptable that I did not speak on others have the same problem that we understand the gentleman from New behalf of it. That is why I think the see in the Nicaraguan Government. York's amendment correctly, the committee chairman accepted it. Mr. HYDE. It seems to me there is a other nations of Central America What it does is really to maintain free press in Costa Rica, is there not? would have to conduct free and open the basic Byron language. It does not Mrs. BYRON. I believe there is. presidential, legislative, and municipal touch that at all. It does not gut her Mr. KASICH. Mr. Chairman, will elections by December 31, 1990, as language at all. It leaves it alone, and the gentleman yield? specified by current Nicaraguan law. then it takes the additional language Mr. HYDE. I yield to the gentleman We would take a longstanding democ­ offered by the gentleman from Wash­ from Ohio CMr. KAsicH]. racy like Costa Rica and bind them to ington CMr. CHANDLER] and makes Mr. KASICH. I thank the gentleman Nicaraguan law under the gentleman's that applicable to all the Central for yielding. amendment. That is absolutely ludi­ American governments. Mr. Chairman, a group of us just re­ crous. Mr. Chairman, if my friend, the gen­ turned from Costa Rica with Speaker Mr. LAGOMARSINO. It is also ludi­ tleman from Pennsylvania, will listen, WRIGHT and when we met with Presi­ crous that they would be required to it does not say, by December 31, 1990. dent Arias, what President Arias had repeal the suspension provisons of the It says by the constitutional standard to say was his deep concern about Nicaraguan constitution in El Salva­ that they have in any of the Central what was going on in Nicaragua and dor. American countries, that we have his concern about the democratization How would the other countries allow made sure that in fact we are for de­ in Nicaragua. The shift of focus here Cardinal Obando y Bravo to resume mocracy everywhere in Central Amer­ would be out of line, because the other his televised Sunday Mass? Or to cease ica, because that is what they pledged countries are completely different aerial bombings and attacks on Atlan­ themselves to in Guatemala. than the problems we have with Nica­ tic coast civilians when one of the Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Chairman, ragua and we should really reject this countries does not even have an Atlan­ if I may reclaim my time, that is what overwhelmingly and send a clear mes­ tic coast. I think it is ridiculous. Let us I understood the gentleman to be sage to Central America, to Nicaragua vote this down. saying, and I think that is what I un-

91-059 0-89-27 (Pt. 24) 34390 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE December 8, 1987 derstood the chairman of the commit­ ernments that have elected their lead­ Mr. DORNAN of California. Mr. tee to be saying. ers, than go ahead and do it with your Chairman, I believe we are ready to Mr. Chairman, I will yield to the own amendment, but do not try to do vote. chairman of the full committee and it with mine. This is aimed at Commu­ The CHAIRMAN. The question is on ask him, is that his understanding, nists in Nicaragua, not the people who the amendment offered by the gentle­ that it is better to go along with what love freedom. man from New York CMr. WEISS] as a they all agreed to? Mr. HYDE. Mr. Chairman, will be substitute for the amendment offered Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Chairman, I gentleman yield? by the gentlewoman from Maryland thought that all the countries that Mr. CHANDLER. I yield to the gen­ CMrs. BYRON], as amended. had agreed had signed that agree­ tleman from Illinois. The question was taken; and the ment. Mr. HYDE. Mr. Chairman, the ter­ Chairman announced that the noes Mrs. SCHROEDER. That is certain­ minal flaw, in my judgment, with the appeared to have it. ly what I thought, and I would think amendment offered by the gentleman RECORDED VOTE that to move forward and get into from New York CMr. WEISS] is that it meddling and saying that only one Mr. WEISS. Mr. Chairman, I establishes a moral symmetry between demand a recorded vote. really meant it or only one needs it, we all the countries in Central America, would start to be interfering. A recorded vote was ordered. and anyone who thinks there is a The vote was taken by electronic Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Chairman, will moral symmetry down there does not the gentleman yield further? device, and there were-ayes 110, noes know Central America. 290, not voting 33, as follows: Mrs. SCHROEDER. I yield to the Mr. CHANDLER. Mr. Chairman, chairman of the committee. when I was in El Salvador talking with CRoll No. 4621 Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Chairman, I the President of that country, Presi­ AYES-110 would like to say that we are either dent Duarte, he said that one of his Ackerman Gonzalez Obey going to have to vote on this amend­ biggest problems right now is the Akaka Gray Olin ment or we are going to have to rise. I Atkins Hamilton Owens think the issue is very clear. I would press, because they write whatever Aucoin Hawk.ins Owens CUT> hope that we could dispose of this and they want to about him. This is one of Bates Hayes Panetta his problems. That is one of ours in Beilenson Hertel Rahall dispose of the underlying amendments. Berman Hochbrueckner Rangel so that we could rise tonight. this country. And is that good? Of Bonior Howard Rodino Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Chairman, course it is. Napolean Duarte has that Bonker Jacobs Roybal problem in his country, and I will Bosco Jontz Russo I thank the gentleman, and I think he Boucher Kaptur Sabo is absolutely correct. I hope that we go guarantee that Daniel Ortega does not Boxer Kastenmeier Savage along with the Arias agreement. have that problem in his country. Brown Kennedy Scheuer That is why I wrote this amendment Campbell Kennelly Schroeder Mr. Chairman, I yield back the bal­ Cardin Kildee Schumer ance of my time. the way I did, and if Members find Carper Kostmayer Sikorski Mr. CHANDLER. Mr. Chairman, I that offensive, I am sorry. Carr LehmanCCA> Skaggs move to strike the requisite number of Mr. DORNAN of California. Mr. Clay Lehman Slaughter Chairman, I move to strike the requi­ Coelho Leland Solarz words, and I rise in opposition to the Collins Levin Stark Mr. Chairman, maybe Members find Mr. Chairman, there are some distin­ Crockett Lewis Studds guished members of the majority in DeFazio Lowry(WA) Swift it offensive that people in the United Dellums Luken, Thomas Synar States would like to know what the this House who are at this moment Dingell Manton Torres standard is that we are expecting for a drafting yet another perfecting Dymally Markey Traxler amendment. I would like to see the Edwards CCA) Matsui Vento Communist government in our at­ Espy Mccloskey Visclosky tempt to help bring about reforms, debate go on until that is accom­ Evans McHugh Walgren and if that is so, that is too bad. But plished, but I do not see how we can F'ascell Miller Waxman make no mistake about it, Members drag it out any longer. I think we have Fazio Moody Weiss come down to the bottom line. Foglietta Morrison Wheat here today by an overwhelming vote Foley Mrazek Williams said that we want press and media This is not a moral equivalency argu­ Ford Davis Well when I was in Central America, can vote for Weiss. you want to sus­ Annunzio Bruce de la Garza I do not recall anybody from Costa tain the overwhelming vote for the Anthony Bryant DeLay Rica coming to me, especially the Chandler amendment, then you will Applegate Buechner Derrick President of that country who won the vote down Weiss. Archer Bunning DeWine Armey Burton Dickinson Nobel Peace Prize, and saying, "We Mr. Chairman, I think we are ready Asp in Bustamante DioGuardi need you, America, to help us guaran­ to vote. What are we waiting for? Badham Byron Dorgan tee press freedom in our country," or Mr. WEISS. Mr. Chairman, will the Ballenger Callahan Doman Barnard Chandler Dreier religious freedom or any other free­ gentleman yield? Bartlett Chapman Duncan dom, because they have already got it. Mr. DOF..NAN of California. I am Barton Chappell Durbin In fact, what President Arias said to glad to yield to my colleague, the gen­ Bateman Clarke Dwyer us was that the only problem in Cen­ tleman from New York. Bennett Clinger Dyson Bentley Coats Early tral America is the Sandinista govern­ Mr. WEISS. Mr. Chairman, I thank Bereuter Coble Eckart ment in Nicaragua, and as long as that my friend for yielding. Mr. Chairman, Bevill Coleman Edwards government exists, there will never be does the gentleman agree that on Bilbray Coleman Emerson Bilirakis Combest English freedom there. That is what we August 7 five of the Central American Bliley Conte Erdreich learned there, and that is what my countries in fact agreed and pledged to Boehlert Cooper Fawell amendment was aimed at. support the Arias peace plan? Boggs Coughlin Feighan Mr. Chairman, I say to the Mem­ Boland Coyne Fields Mr. DORNAN of California. Yes. Borski Craig Fish bers, if you want to aim something at Mr. WEISS. Mr. Chairman, I thank Boulter Crane Flippo Costa Rica and at Guatemala, the gov- the gentleman. Brennan Daniel Florio December 8, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 34391 Frenzel Lott Rowland Ms. SLAUGHTER of New York, Mr. fluctuations in foreign currency exchange Frost Lowery Rowland rates. Gallegly Lujan Saiki LEVIN of Michigan, Ms. KAPTUR, Mr. RUSSO, and Mr. MOODY "(2) Of the amounts authorized to be ap­ Gallo Lukens, Donald Sawyer propriated by paragraph for each of Gaydos Mack Saxton changed their votes from "no" to Gekas MacKay Schaefer the fiscal years 1988 and 1989- Gibbons Madigan Schneider "aye." " $7,063,000 shall be available only to Gilman Marlenee Schuette So the amendment offered as a sub­ pay necessary expenses incurred in connec­ Gingrich Martin (IL) Schulze stitute for the amendment, as amend­ tion with arms control negotiations conduct­ Glickman Martin Sensenbrenner ed, was rejected. ed with the Government of the Soviet Goodling Mavroules Sharp Gordon Muzoli Shaw The result of the vote was an­ Union on strategic arms reductions, inter­ Gradison McCandless Shays nounced as above recorded. mediate-range nuclear forces, and space and Grandy McCollum Shuster The CHAIRMAN. The question is on defensive weapons; Grant Mccurdy Sisisky the amendment, offered by the gentle­ "(B) not less than $310,000 shall be avail­ Gray McDade Skeen able only for the program for visiting schol­ Green McEwen Skelton woman from Maryland [Mrs. BYRON], ars in the field of arms control and disarma­ Gregg McGrath Slaughter as amended. ment established under section 28 of this Guarini· McMillan Smith The amendment, as amended, was Gunderson McMillen Smith Act; Hall Meyers Smith agreed to. " $780,000 shall be used for external re­ Hammerschmidt Mica Smith(NJ) Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Chairman, I search to assist the Bureau of Verification Hansen Miller Smith move the Committee do now rise. and Intelligence in making assessments of Harris Miller Smith, Denny The motion was agreed to. possible new systems, devices, and capabili­ Hastert Molinari ties for vertification of arms control; Hatcher Mollohan Smith, Robert Accordingly the Committee rose; Hayes Montgomery and the Speaker pro tempore [Mr. " not more than $1,560,000 may be Hefley Moorhead Smith, Robert RODINO] having assumed the chair, used for any other external research pro­ Hefner Morella gram; and Henry Morrison Snowe Mr. AUCOIN, Chairman of the Com­ "(E) a total of not more than $3,000,000 Herger Murphy Solomon mittee of the Whole House on the may be used for all external research. Hiler Murtha Spence State of the Union, reported that that "(3) Amounts appropriated under this Holloway Myers Spratt subsection are authorized to remain avail­ Hopkins Natcher St Germain Committee, having had under consid­ Horton Nemon Stallings eration the bill CH.R. 3100) to author­ able until expended.''. Houghton Niemon Stangeland ize international security and develop­ SEC. 3. STANDING CONSULTATIVE COMMISSION. Hoyer Nowak Stenholm ment assistance programs and Peace Ca) F'INDINGS.-The Congress finds that- Hubbard Ortiz Stratton Huckaby Oxley Stump Corps programs for fiscal years 1988 ( 1) the Standing Consultative Commission Hughes Packard Sundquist and 1989, and for other purposes, had was established by the United States and Hunter Parris Swindall come to no resolution thereon. the Soviet Union under Article XIII of the Hutto Pashayan Tallon Treaty on the Limitation of Anti-Ballistic Hyde Patterson Tauke Missile Systems as a framework for consid­ Inhofe Pease Tauzin ering and resolving questions concerning Ireland Penny Taylor ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMA­ compliance with arms control obligation; Jeffords Pepper Thomas MENT AMENDMENTS ACT OF Jenkins Perkins Thomas and Johnson the United States should raise and at­ Jones Pickett Traficant Mr. F ASCELL. Mr. Speaker, I ask tempt to resolve issues relating to compli­ Jones Pickle Udall ance by the United States and the Soviet Kanjorski Porter Upton unanimous consent to take from the Union with arms control agreements in the Kasich Price Valentine Speaker's table the bill CH.R. 2689) to Standing Consultative Commission. Kleczka Price is amended by adding at Kyl Ray WatkiI'ls the Arms Control and Disarmament the end of the following: LaFalce Regula Weber Agency, and for other purposes, with "SEC. 38. REPORTS ON STANDING CONSULTATIVE Lagomarsino Rhodes Weldon COMMISSION ACl'IVITIES. Lantos Richardson Whittaker Senate amendments thereto, concur in Latta Ridge Whitten the Senate amendment to the text of "The President shall submit, not later Leach Rinaldo Wimon the bill with an amendment, and dis­ than January 31 of each year, to the Speak­ Leath Ritter Wise agree to the Senate amendment to the er of the House of Representatives and the Lent Roberts Wolf chairman of the Committee on Foreign Re­ Lewis Robinson Wortley title of the bill. lations of the Senate a report prepared by Lewis Roe Wylie The Clerk read the title of the bill. the United States Commissioner on the ac­ Lightfoot Rogers Yatron The Clerk read the House amend­ tivities of the United States-Union of Soviet Lipinski Rostenkowski Young Livingston Roth Young ment to the Senate amendment, as fol­ Socialist Republics Standing Consultative Lloyd Roukema lows: Commission established under Article XIII House amendment to Senate amendment: of the Treaty on the Limitation of Anti-Bal­ NOT VOTING-33 In lieu of the matter proposed to be in­ listic Missile Systems. In preparing this Baker Flake Mineta serted by the Senate amendment to the text report, the Commissioner should consult Biaggi Ford Moakley of the bill, insert the following: with former United States Commissioners Cheney Gephardt Nichom SECl'ION 1. SHORT TITLE. and other experts. Such annual report shall Courter Hall Roemer This Act may be cited as the "Arms Con­ Davis(Ml) Kemp Rose tive issues raised by either party to the trol and Disarmament Amendments Act of Treaty and the response of the other party Dicks Lancaster Shumway 1987". Dixon Lungren Slattery with regard to such issues. Such annual Donnelly Martinez Stokes SEC. 2. AUTHORIZATIONS OF APPROPRIATIONS. report shall be transmitted under an injunc­ Dowdy Mfume Sweeney Section 49(a) of the Arms Control and tion of secrecy, but shall be accompanied by Downey Michel Towns Disarmament Act <22 U.S.C. 2589 shall conduct a survey of physical, per­ control policies. In this regard, H.R. ing of arms control and disarmament issues, sonnel, document, and communications se­ the Director shall provide to the Congress curity programs, procedures, and practices 2689 contains several important initia­ not later than June 30 of each year a report at the Agency for the protection of classi­ tives that are designed to further en­ setting forth- fied information; and hance and strengthen this small but "(1) a comprehensive list of studies relat­ (2) shall submit a report on the results of important agency. These initiatives in­ ing to arms control and disarmament issues that survey, together with such recommen­ clude: concluded during the previous calendar year dations for improvement of classified infor­ The adoption of an initiative pro­ by government agencies or for government mation security at the Agency as the In­ posed by our colleague who is the agencies by private or public institutions or spector General considers appropriate, to persons; and the Director of the Agency and to the Com­ ranking minority member of the com­ "(2) a brief description of each such study. mittee on Foreign Affairs of the House of mittee, Mr. BROOMFIELD, that ear­ This report shall be unclassified, with a Representatives and the Committee on For­ marks $780,000 per year in external re­ classified addendum if necessary.". eign Relations of the Senate. search funding to assist the Bureau of SEC. 5. COMPLIANCE REPORTS. Mr. FASCELL (during the reading). Verification and Intelligence in Section 52 of the Arms Control and Disar­ Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent making assessments with respect to mament Act <22 U.S.C. 2591) is amended- that the House amendment to the possible new systems, devices, and ca­ <1) in paragraph <1 >- Senate amendment be considered as pabilities for the verification of arms by inserting ", the Soviet Union, and read and printed in the RECORD. control agreements. These funds will other nations" after "adherence of the The SPEAKER pro tempore by inserting "the Soviet Union and" GONZALEZ). Is there objection to the after "compliance by"; and request of the gentleman from Flori­ arms control agreements in such areas <2> by striking out "and" at the end of da? as chemical weapons, nuclear testing, paragraph (2) and by redesignating para­ There was no objection. strategic offensive and defensive weap­ graph (3) as paragraph <5>; Is there objection to the initial re­ ons systems, as well as in the area of (3) by inserting the following after para­ quest of the gentleman from Florida? intermediate-range nuclear forces. graph <2>: Mr. BROOMFIELD. Mr. Speaker, The adoption of a ceiling on any "(3) the section of the report dealing with reserving the right to object, and I cer­ other external research project of Soviet adherence shall include information $1.56 million per year which should on actions taken by the Soviet Union with tainly have no intention of objecting, I regard to the size, structure, and disposition yield to the gentleman from Florida serve, in our judgment, to preserve of its military forces in order to comply with [Mr. FASCELL] for an explanation. ACDA's role in strengthening our Na­ arms control agreements; Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, H.R. tion's commitment to a viable nuclear "(4) the section of the report dealing with 2689 is a 2-year authorization bill for nonproliferation policy. adherence by other nations shall include in­ the Arms Control and Disarmament The adoption of a sense of the Con­ formation on actions taken by each such Agency CA CDAl Specifically, H.R. gress resolution, in section 3, that ex­ nation with regard to the size, structure, presses our belief that every effort and disposition of its military forces in 2689 authorizes $29 million for fiscal order to comply with arms control agree­ year 1988 which is $3.7 million less should be made to address and resolve ments; and"; and than the executive branch request for United States-Soviet compliance issues <4> in paragraph (5), as so redesignated by ACDA funding. The authorization for within the Standing Consultative this section, by inserting "the Soviet Union fiscal year 1989 is $29.8 million. H.R. Commission CSCCl. and" after "problems of compliance by". 2689 reflects true bipartisan consensus Also included in section 3 are two SEC. 6. ACDA INSPECTOR GENERAL. of the Committee on Foreign Affairs other important reporting require­ (a) ESTABLISHMENT.-Title IV of the Arms and the Senate Committee on Foreign ments. The first requirement specifies Control and Disarmament Act (22 U.S.C. Relations in support of ACDA's role in that the President submit a report 2581-2591) is amended by adding at the end assisting in the development and im­ prepared by the U.S. Commissioner to the following: plementation of our country's arms the SCC on the activities of the Com­ "SEC. 53. ACDA INSPECTOR GENERAL. control policies. mission. In preparing this report, the "(A) ESTABLISHMENT AND DUTIES.-There shall be an Office of the Inspector General Mr. Speaker, the Arms Control and Commissioner is encouraged to consult at the Agency headed by the Inspector Gen­ Disarmament Agency was created by with former U.S. Commissioners and eral of the Agency who shall have the the Congress in 1961 to: coordinate other experts. This report shall in­ duties, responsibilities, and authorities spec­ U.S. arms control policy; negotiate clude detailed information on major ified in the Inspector General Act of 1978. arms control agreements with other issues raised by either side and the re­ "(b) DUALITY OF APPOINTMENT.-An indi­ governments; conduct and coordinate sponse of the other side with regard to vidual appointed to the position of Inspec­ U.S. Government-sponsored research such issues. The second requirement tor General of the Department of State related to problems of arms control reflects the concern of our colleague, shall, by virtue of such appointment, also hold the position of Inspector General of and disarmament; and coordinate and Ms. SNOWE, and specifies that the Di­ the Agency. disseminate public information on con­ rector of ACDA conduct a study to de­ "(C) UTILIZATION OF STAFF.-The Inspector ventional arms control and disarma­ termine how the sec could be used General of the Agency shall utilize person­ ment matters. In carrying out these more effectively to resolve compliance nel of the Office of the Inspector General functions, ACDA has consistently en- issues. Taken together, each of these December 8, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 34393 reporting requirements should serve to serves my initiative on arms control consent that H.R. 3317 be re-referred enhance the effectiveness of the sec verification research while seeking jointly to those committees and to the and congressional awareness of the ac­ better ways to use the standing con­ Committee on Interior and Insular Af­ tivities of the sec. sultative com.mission to resolve arms fairs. Section 5 amends the Pell report on control compliance issues. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is United States-Soviet compliance to Equally important, this legislation there objection to the request of the lend it more balance. The section of creates an inspector general for the gentleman from California? the report on Soviet adherence will Arms Control and Disarmament There was no objection. now include relevant information on Agency to ensure independent exami­ actions taken by the Soviet Union nation of Agency programs and to with regard to the size, structure and keep the Agency's Director and the RECLAMATION AUTHORIZATION disposition of its military forces in Congress informed of any problem and ACT OF 1976 AMENDMENTS order to comply with existing arms any needed corrective action. The leg­ control agreements. This House man­ islation also requires the inspector Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. dated position is especially important general to conduct a security survey of Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that in light of the newly reached United how classified information is handled the Committee on Interior and Insular States-Soviet treaty agreement on in­ at the Agency. Affairs be discharged from further termediate-range nuclear forces. This Finally, this legislation preserves consideration of the Senate bill zens as the heart of the human rights ques­ Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman Mr. HENRY. Mr. Speaker, today I tion. Your tradition recognizes human from Idaho [Mr. CRAIG] for yielding to rights as "granted by the government", and have joined with Congressman CHRIS thus not having autonony from the govern­ me. SMITH and a number of other Mem­ ment which grants them. From this distinc­ This is a small project by Federal bers in introducing a legislative resolu­ tion, are generated the differences between standards but mighty important to tion calling for release of imprisoned our governments in practices honoring some folks I represent. This increased Soviet Christians. Next year marks the human rights. authorization as approved by the millenial celebration of the Russian Respectfully we note that your govern­ Office of Management and Budget and Orthodox Church-and nothing would ment was a party to the Helsinki Accords of 1975, Article 18, which reads as follows: now by the Congress will complete a be more fitting by way of recognizing "Everyone has the right to . . . manifest longstanding and often frustrating re­ this event than a change of policy by his religion or belief in teaching, practice, habilitation project. My appreciation the Soviet Government in recognizing worship, and observance." and the appreciation of my people all the religious rights of the peoples of We, therefore, felt compelled to share go to the folks involved and particular­ the Soviet Union. with you our concerns for those institution­ ly to the gentleman from California There has been much hope raised by al practices within your country which are Secretary Gorbachev's promise of in noncompliance with the Helsinki Ac­ [Mr. MILLER]. cords. We believe these are objective stand­ Mr. CRAIG. Mr. Speaker, further re­ openness and reform in the Soviet ards by which progress in this area can be serving the right to object, I thank the Union. Last summer, Konstantin measured. gentleman from Washington CMr. Kharchev, chairman of the Council on Specifically, the following violations to MORRISON] for his remarks. Religious Affairs, promised officials of which we respectfully draw your attention our Government that religious dissi­ in seeking redress, have been made known Mr. Speaker, I note that S. 649 is to us from citizens living within the similar to a provision of a bill which dents would be freed from jails, pris­ ons, labor camps, and psychiatric insti­ U.S.S.R. They are as follows: has already passed ·the House, it has 1. Interference in the religious governance been supported by the administration, tutions by the end of November, 1987. of religious organizations and institutions. and it is important to the completion This promise was broken-and the 2. Prohibitions against informal worship of the project for the benefit of the continued imprisonment of Soviet citi­ activities of small gatherings of believers zens on religious grounds continues. and adherents. agricultural interests in this portion of Last week, I delivered to the Soviet 3. The denial to religious organizations of Washington, and for the completion of Embassy the following letter, signed the right to possess real property, building environmental aspects of the project. by some 258 of our colleagues there in properties, or instruments of worship. Mr. Speaker, I withdraw my reserva­ the House of Representative, outlining 4. The prohibition of recognizing religious tion of objection. organizations as legal personhoods, which some 17 broad categories of the types prevents pursual of legal redress in courts of The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is of religious oppression and repression law and administrative agencies. there objection to the request of the which Soviet citizens face-be they 5. The imprisonment of individuals for gentleman from California? Christian, Jew, or Moslem. It is not practices of religious belief. There was no objection. just the promise of glasnost which is 6. The incarceration of individuals in The Clerk read the Senate bill, as important, but the practices of the mental and psychiatric institutions for prac­ follows: Soviet government relative to that tices of religious belief. 7. The forced closing of religious institu­ S.649 promise which we must remember in tions. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of the relationship between our govern­ 8. Prohibitions against the general reli­ Representatives of the United States of ments. gious education of minors. America in Congress assembled, "That sec­ Following is the letter delivered to 9. Prohibitions against the religious activi­ tion 208 of the Reclamation Authorization Secretary Gorbachev on behalf of ties of minors. Act of 1979 <90 Stat. 1324, 1327> is amended those of the 258 Members of the 10. Restrictions on institutions for theo­ by deleting "$39,370,000 , plus or minus such amounts, if any," Catholic, Protestant, Jewish, and other reli­ joined in addressing this issue: gious bodies. and inserting in lieu thereof "88,000,000 CONGRESSIONAL HUMAN ; Provided, That of the 11. Prohibitions against and limitations on RIGHTS CAUCUS, the importation and distribution of religious $88,000,000 authorized herein, only Washington, DC, December 4, 1987. materials. $18,000,000 thereof may be adjusted by such His Excellency MIKHAIL s. GORBACHEV, 12. Prohibitions against and limitations on amounts, plus or minus,". General Secretary of the Communist Party, the importation of and free circulation of The Senate bill was ordered to be Embassy of the U.S.S.R., 1225 16th Street religious materials within the nation. read a third time, was read the third N. W., Washington, DC. 13. Discrimination against religious adher­ time, and passed, and a motion to re­ DEAR GENERAL SECRETARY GORBACHEV: We ents and their immediate families in general join in welcoming you to the United States educational opportunities. consider was laid on the table. in conjunction with your forthcoming dis­ 14. Discrimination against religious adher­ cussions with President Reagan as you work ents and their immediate families in em­ towards reaching agreement on a proposal ployment opportunities. GENERAL LEAVE to reduce intermediate nuclear missiles. 15. Discrimination against religious adher­ Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. While we share in the desire to control the ents and their immediate families in secur­ proliferation of these terrible instruments ing housing opportunities. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that of destruction, we must also share with you 16. Prohibitions against ordained clergy all Members may have 5 legislative our deep concerns regarding human and re­ and acknowledged religious leaders in visit­ days in which to revise and extend ligious rights violations which exist within ing the sick in hospitals, psychiatric institu­ their remarks on the Senate bill just your nation. tions, or jails and prisons. passed. While the reduction of nuclear missiles 17. Prohibitions against voluntaristic and The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is would be a positive step in improving rela­ charitable activities of religious organiza­ tions between our two nations, it must be re­ tions within the nation. there objection to the request of the membered that the very presence of these We welcome the recent promises of your gentleman from California? weapons is a symptom of our differences­ government in regard to the forthcoming There was no objection. not the root cause. The core cause of differ- release of religious prisoners. We also look December 8, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 34395 forward to the millennial observation of the Martin Frost, Carlos J. Moorhead, late both the spirit and letter of the birth of the Russian Orthodox Church. We John J. LaFalce, Tom Luken, Bill Helsinki Final Act. trust that such commemoration will be ac­ Gradison. Mr. Speaker, 70 years after consoli­ companied by renewed recognition of the Cass Ballenger, Vin Weber, Dean Gallo, obstacles religious communities have experi­ David O'B. Martin, Mike Espy, dation of the Communist victory in enced within the Soviet Union in recent Edward P. Boland, Robert J. Mrazek, the U .S.S.R., pervasive restrictions years. Connie Mack, Chester Atkins, Tom continue to be placed on the Soviet While efforts to negotiate an arms settle­ McMillen, Dennis E. Eckart, Tony P. peoples' right to worship. Religious ment represent a commendable act, once Hall. education is carefully circumscribed­ again we remind you that the question of Guy V. Molinari, Frank Horton, Douglas it is, for example, illegal to formally human rights, and religious rights in par­ Bereuter, Charles Stenholm, Jack teach religion to children under 18 ticular, is at the heart of the conflict be­ Fields, George E. Brown, Jr., George years of age and the number allowed tween our governments. In keeping with the C. Wortley, Silvio 0. Conte, Norman Helsinki Accords, we implore you to address Dicks, Mel Levine, Beau Boulter, Gus to attend seminary is severely limited. these human rights violations. Hawkins. The Bible and other religious materi­ Respectfully yours, Henry A. Waxman, Matthew F. al, especially in the national lan­ Paul B. Henry, Howard Wolpe, Guy McHugh, William J. Coyne, Liz J. Pat­ guages, is in extremely short supply Vander Jagt, Sander Levin, William D. terson, Bill Green, Kweisi Mfume, due to Soviet policy. Ford, Fred Upton, Bob Traxler, Bill Albert G. Bustamante, , Of particular concern to the believ­ Schuette. George J. Hochbrueckner, Ike Skel­ Frank, R. Wolf, , Nancy L. ers themselves is the threat of KGB ton, , Robert J. Lagomar­ harassment, arrest, and imprisonment. Johnson, Tom Ridge, Mickey Edwards, sino. Tom Tauke, Curt Weldon, Wally Thomas Bliley, Manuel Lujan, Jr., Clar­ I hold in my hand a list of 171 known Herger, Carl Pursell, Dan Burton, Dan ence Miller, Hamilton Fish, Peter W. Christians who have been imprisoned Coats, Barbara Vucanovich. Rodino, Alex McMillan, David Dreier, because of their faith. Mr. Speaker, Ronald D. Coleman, Carl Perkins, Lynn Judd Gregg, Joe Barton, Robert C. this is only a partial list since many Martin, Bill Alexander, John Lewis, Smith, Matthew G. Martinez, Mac Christians are incarcerated on George