Kampung Bugis in Tanjung Uban Utara
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KAMPUNG BUGIS IN TANJUNG UBAN UTARA Anastasia Wiwik Swastiwi Dedi Arman Dahsyat Gafnesia 1. Introduction Kampung Bugis is administratively a village in the North Tanjung Uban Village, North Bintan District, Bintan Regency. Bintan Regency itself was previously known as Riau Islands Regency. Riau Islands Regency has been known several centuries ago not only in the archipelago but also abroad. Its territory is characterized by thousands of large and small islands scattered in the South China Sea, which is why the nickname “Segantang Lada” Islands is apt to describe how many islands there are in this area. While geographically, North Tanjung Uban Bugis Village is located on Bintan Island. In the 13th century on the island of Bintan, the Bintan Kingdom was established. The establishment of the Bintan Kingdom around Bintan Bay was related to the strategic geographical conditions for the development of marine culture and land culture (agriculture). Bintan Bay faces the Riau Strait as shipping traffic that once connected the Sriwijaya twin areas in Palembang and Kedah, Malaysia. The position of Bintan Bay is also quite safe for shipping because of bad weather and big waves during the North Season and South Season in the Riau Strait. Around Bintan Bay, there is the Bintan River which is wide and deep enough to anchor merchant ships from outside the region in the archipelago and neighboring countries, so that Bintan Bay was once a port area with international standard. The most important thing is the position of Bintan Bay since a long time ago as an area in the waters of the Malacca Strait, which is always crowded with traders or traders. 1 This region has been the area most open to the various effects of globalization for a long time. In fact, this openness contributed greatly to the growth of the Malay Kingdom civilization in the Malacca Strait in the past. The condition lasted from the 13-16 century. Gradually the role of the trading port on Bintan Island was replaced by the Port of Riau (now the Riau Islands) on the Carang River. This trading network on the Carang River was very developed in the 18-19 century under the Kingdom of Johor Riau. His territory is not only limited to the Riau Islands, but has included Johor and Malacca (Malaysia), Singapore and a small part of Indragiri Hilir. The center of his kingdom was located on Penyengat Island and became famous in the archipelago and the Malacca Peninsula area. After the Sultan of Riau died in 1911, the Dutch East Indies Government placed its emirs as Districh Thoarden for large areas and Onder Districh Thoarden for smaller areas. The Dutch East Indies government finally united the Riau Lingga region with Indragiri to become a residency which was divided into two Afdellings, namely: 1. Afdelling Tanjungpinang covering the Riau – Lingga Islands, Indragiri Hilir and Kateman domiciled in Tanjungpinang and appointed as the ruler a Resident. 2. Afdelling Indragiri who is domiciled in Rengat and governed by Assistant Resident (under) orders of Resident. In 1940 this residency was made Residente Riau with the inclusion of Afdelling Bengkalis (East Sumatra) and before 1945–1949 based on the Governor General of the Dutch East Indies dated July 17, 1947 No. 9 formed the Zelf Bestur area (Riau area). Based on the Decree of the delegation of the Republic of Indonesia, Central Sumatra Province dated 18 May 1950 No.9 / Deprt. merged into the Republic of Indonesia and the Riau 2 Archipelago and was given the status of a Level II Autonomous Region headed by the Regent as a regional head in charge of the following four responsibilities: 1. Kewedanan Tanjungpinang covers the area of South Bintan sub-district (including East Bintan, Galang, West Tanjungpinang and East Tanjungpinang districts now) 2. Kewedanan Karimun includes the districts of Karimun, Kundur and Moro 3. Kewedanan Lingga covers the districts of Lingga, Singkep and Senayang 4. Kewedanan Pulau Tujuh covers the districts of Jemaja, Siantan, Midai, Serasan, Tambelan, West Bunguran and East Bunguran Then based on Decree No. 26 / K / 1965 under the instruction of the Governor of Riau dated February 10, 1964 No. 524 / A / 1964 and Instruction No. 16 / V / 1964 and the Decree of the Governor of Riau dated 9 August 1964 No. UP / 247/5/1965, dated 15 November 1965 No. UP / 256/5/1965 stipulated that as of January 1, 1966 all administrative areas of kewedanaan in Riau Islands Regency were abolished. In 1983, in accordance with Government Regulation no. 31 of 1983, the Tan-jungpinang Administrative City has been formed which oversees 2 (two) districts, namely the West Tanjungpinang District and the East Tanjungpinang District, and in the same year in accordance with government regulation No. 34 of 1983 the Batam Municipality was also formed. With the development of this area, Batam is no longer a part of the Riau Islands Regency. Based on Law No. 53 of 1999 and Law no. 13 of 2000, the Riau Islands Regency was divided into 3 districts consisting of: Riau Islands Regency, Karimun Regency and Natuna Regency. The Riau Islands regency area only covers 9 sub-districts, namely: Singkep, Lingga, Senayang, Bintan Bay, North Bintan, East Bintan, Tambelan, West Tanjungpinang and East Tanjungpinang. Teluk Bintan District is the result of the division of Galang District. Most of the 3 Galang area is covered by Batam City. Teluk Bintan District consists of 5 villages namely Pangkil, Pengujan, Penaga, Tembeling and Bintan Buyu. Then with the issuance of Law No. 5 of 2001, the Administrative City of Tanjungpinang changed to the City of Tanjungpinang which has the same status as the district. In line with the changes in regional administration at the end of 2003, the sub-districts were divided, namely North Bintan District into Teluk Sebong and North Bintan Districts. Lingga District became North Lingga and Lingga District. At the end of 2003 the Lingga Regency was formed in accordance with Law no. 31/2003, thus the Riau Islands Regency covers 6 Districts namely North Bintan, East Bintan, Bintan Bay, Mount Kijang, Sebong Bay and Tambelan. And based on PP. 5 of 2006 dated 23 February 2006, Riau Islands Regency changed its name to Bintan Regency. 2. Tanjung Uban Tanjung Uban, Bintan Regency (Riau Islands Province) and oil, two things that cannot be separated. Tanjung Uban was formed into a city due to the existence of an oil base since the Dutch era which has existed until now. The fuel oil terminal (TBBM) is managed by PT Pertamina (Persero). The busyness of Tanjung Uban cannot be separated from the construction of an oil base installation belonging to the Nederlandsche Koloniale Petroleum Maatschappij (NKPM) which is now being inherited "to Pertamina. It is not an exaggeration to say that the important milestone in the history of Tanjung Uban City began when NKPM started building an oil base. The oil base is to accommodate the production of the Sungai Gerong refinery in the Musi River, Palembang, whose construction was completed around 1930.1 1 https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpnbkepri/tanjung-uban-kota-pelabuhan-di-bintan/ 4 The Dutch government built an oil filling and storage facility in 1930 which was managed by the STANVAC (Standard Vacuum) Pertolium Compeny. Stanvac workers are Cantonese Chinese imported from Singapore. Only in 1932, Stanvac received employees of Malay children and migrants from outside the region. In 1934, the Chinese began to open coffee shops and grocery stores in Tanjung Uban. Besides that, a Chinese school was also established around Cenderawasih Village. In 1941, the Dutch East Indies Government made Tanjung Uban the center of the KNIL (Koninkelijk Nederlands Indisch Leger) for the Riau Resident area. So an army housing complex was built which is now the Indonesian Navy Complex. In 1947, to help the Dutch Navy guard the coast and smuggle, the Van Sheepvaat Department formed a task force called "Zee en Kustbeweking Dienst" (Marine and Coast Guard Service) based in Tanjunguban. In 1949, the Indonesian Shipping Bureau built a dormitory, a pier, a jago drinking water project which is now the KPLP / Kesyahbandaran Complex. Since then, Tanjunguban has moved from a village to a city with all of its features which are closely related to the oil base. Even at some point in 1948, the people of the "oil town" and all the workers at the oil base had attained significant levels of prosperity. All basic necessities are subsidized, so that life is like in heaven. "Oil Town Into Paradise" wrote Alan Wolstenholme in The Straits Times newspaper, October 28, 1948. 5 Pertamina's BBM Terminal at Tanjung Uban Source: Agus Santosa The name Tanjunguban is based on folklore that developed in the community from an old tree, its leaves and roots hanging down and white in color. People who see it from the sea, the tree is like gray hair. The land at Tanjung Uuban, juts into the sea, so it is called a cape. The tree is located next to the sacred grave of Tanjung Uban. But now it's no longer left. And the tree was never given a name by the residents. Tanjung Uban Sacred Tomb is believed to be the tomb of a great scholar who died on his way from the Malacca Peninsula to Betawi State in Sunda Kelapa. During the Sultanate of Johor, Riau Lingga and Pahang, Tanjunguban already existed. During the reign of Yang Dipertuan Muda Daeng Celak (1728-1745), a gambier plantation on Bintan Island (including the land part of Tanjunguban) was cultivated by Chinese and Malay workers. Meanwhile, the part of the Tanjunguban coast facing the Riau Strait is a swampy area which is generally inhabited by Malay fishermen.