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Census Report of Patiala State

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Census Report of Patiala State CENSUS REPORT OF PATIALA STATE BY SIRDAR ARJAN SHAH SINGH, B.A., LL.B.~ SUPERINTENDEN;i, CENsm; QfERATIONS PRlNTED AT THE C1Vrr. AND M IJ,[TAln- GAZETTE, 1.T!). (TI[~: lIJAIA.}, LAHORE, BY E. n. '{'nrt· (l{AKACER,\. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Subject Page INTROnl"CTION Preface Previous Censuses i Preliminary Operations n House-numbering; 11 Freliminary Census III, Final Census III Census of Railways, Fairs, etc. III Provisional Totals 111 Attitude of the Public IV Expenditure IV Inclination to Swell Numbers IV Consolidation of Castes V Slip-copying V Sorting V Cost of Census vi Events of the Decade VI Acknowledgment.s VII HISTORY VIll-iX :\Iaharaja Baba Ala Singhji IX Alaharaja Amar Singhji X 11aharaja Sahib Singhji x Maharaja Karm Singhji x ::'Ilaharaja Narendar Singhji Xl Maharaja )Iahindar Singhji XII Maharaja Rajindar Singhji XlI Maharaja Bhupendra Singhji xu PATIALA Cl!:NSUS ACT .. xv-xviii CHAPTER I GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL CON DlTlONS, AREA, POPULATION AND DENSITY 1-20 Geography I The )Iain Block I Kohistan 1 :Nizamat Mohindergarh 1 GeologY' 2 Industrial products 3 Climate 3 Rainfall 4 Railways 4 Roads 5 Area 5 Administrative Divisions 5 K atural Divisions 6 Population of Districts 7 Variation in Population 8 Comparison with adjoining British Districts 8 Comparison with other States 8 Density . , 9 11 Subject CHAPTER I.-contd. Page- Distribution of population according to Density n Comparison with previous figures 11 Number of Houses 11 Size of family 12 Joint Hindu family 12 Land Tenure 13 Vital Statistics 14 Vital Statistics tested 16 Subsidiary Tables 18-20· II TOWNS AKD VILLAGEI'( 21· 4(}- Definition of a VillalZe 21 . Town 21 " " City 21 " " Reference to Statistics 22 Distribution of the Urban Population 22 Distribution by religion 22 Comparison with prf'violls Censuses 23· Towxs- Patial~ :!4 Bhatinda 2.), Narnaul 2G Bassi 27 Samana 27 Sunam 28 Mohindergarh 28 Barnala 28 Bharlaur 29· Sanaur 29' Sirhind 29 VILLAGES-- 3(} Farming 31 Indebtedness 32 Partitioned holdings 35· Subsidiary Industries 36 Mean distance between villages 37 Subsidiary Tables 39- -40' III BIRTHPLACE AND ~lIGRATrON 41-4fl Birthplace and Migration 41 Inter-Statal Migration 42' Extra-Statal Migration 43 IV AGE 46-GO' Preface 40 Instructions 4G· Reference to statistics 46- Accuracy of figures 47 Partiality for round figures 48 Adult age 49 Age-distribution 49' " " by religions 4~ Military Age 50· Distribution in natural age-groupFl 50· Subsidiary Tables 54-60· 111 Subject Page <CHAPTER V SEX 61-71 Reference to statistics 6] Accuracy of Statistics 61 Sex ratio in population 61 ::\lasculinity of population '62 Causes of loss of female life 62 Proportion by religions 65 Subsidiary Tables 68-71 VI CIVIL CONmTJON 72-101 " l\ature and scope of enquiry 7~ Reference to statistics 72 The Institution of marriage 72 Plurality of marriage 72 Polyandry 72 Universality of marria~e 73 Age of marriage 74 Widow re-marriage 74 Conjugal condition of females 74 Divorce 77 Age of marriage 78 Forms of marriage 79 Among Hindus 79 Among Sikhs 80 Among Mohammadans 80 Karewa 81 Influence of Western civilization on marriage 81 Purdah System 81 Family Statistics 81 Scope of enq uiry 82 ~linor religions 82 Sex of the first-born 82 Size of the family 83 Early Marriage 85 Tables 87-91 Subsidiary Tables 92-101 VII INFIRll1 TIES 102-1I2 Xature and scope of enquiry 102 Reference to Tables .. 102 Accuracy of the Record 102 Relative prevalency of each infirmity 103 Blindness 103 Its distribution by locality .. 104 Blindness by age and sex 104 Deaf-mutism 104 Comparison with previous figures 105 Insanity 106 By age 107 By sexes 107 Leprosy 107 What is Leprosy ? 107 Distribution by locality 107 Distribution by age .. 107 lV Subject Page CHAPTER VIl--concld.· Accuracy of figures 108 Double infirmities 108 Subsidiary Tables 109-112 CHAPTER yIlI OCCUPATIONS 113-150 Preface 113 Reference to statistics 115 Classification Scheme 115 Class A.-Exploitation of raw materials 115 Distribution of occupation by classes 118 Proportion of earners and dependants 118 Productio:r: of raw material­ Forests and Agriculture 120 Cultivation of special crops 120 Fishing and Hunting 120 Industry- Hides, skins, etc_ 121 Wood 121 :Metals 121 Ceramics 122 Chemical products 122 Food Industries 122 Dress and Toilet 123 Furniture Industries 123 Building Industries 123 Means of transport 123 Production and transport of physical force 123 Undefined Industries 123 Transport (Sub-Class IV)- - Transport by Road 124 Transport by Rail 124 Trade (Sub-Class v)- Banks and Money-lenders 125 Brokers and Commission Agents 125 Trade in Textiles 125 Trade in Wood 125 Trade in Metals 125 Trade in Bricks, Pottery and Tiles 125 Trade in Chemical Products 125 Hotels, Cafes, Restaurants __ 126 Trade in other foodstuffs 126 Trade in Furniture 126 Trade in building materials, etc. 126 Trade in means of transport 126 Trade in fuel 127 Trade in Luxury articles and articles pertaining to Letters, Arts and Science 127 Public Service (Sub-Class VI)- Army 127 Police 127 Public administration (Sub-Class VII) 128 v Subject Page CHAPTER VIII-concld.- Professions and Liberal Arts (Sub-Class VIII) 128 Religion 128 Law 128 Medicine 128 Public Instruction 129 Letters, Art and Science 129 Public scribes and stenographers 129 Persons living on their own income (Sub-Class IX) 130 Domestic Service (Sub-Olass X) 130 Insufficiently Described Occupations (Sub-Class XI) 130 Inmates of Jails, Asylums and Alms-houses 131 Beggars, Prostitutes and Vagrants 131 Subsidiary Tables 132--150 CHAPTER IX LITERACY 151-160 Nature and scope of enquiry 151 Reference to statistics 151 Extent of Literacy 152 Literacy by religions 152 Jains 152 Christians 152 Hindus 152 Sikhs 152 Mohammadans .'. 152 Literacy by caste 153 Literacy in English 154 Distribution by age 154 Number of educational institutions and pupils 155 Progress since 1891 155 Literacy in Vernaculars 155 Plural Literacy 156 Among Hindus 156 Among Sikhs 156 Among Mohammadans 156 Subsidiary Tables 157-160 CHAPTER X LANGUAGE-­ 161- -166 General 161 Value of the returns 161 Language Scheme 162 Bi-lingualism 162 Subsidiary Tables 165-166 CRAPTER XI RELIGION 167-193 Reference to tables 167 Distribution by religion 167 Variation from previous figures 167 Causes of the decrease of Hindus 168 Sikh religion 169 Akalis 173 Amritdharis 173 Huzurias 173 Sahijdharies 173 U dasis and Nirmalas In Namdharis 173 Sultanis 173 VI Subj~ct (JHAPn;R XI-concU.-Distrihntion of Sikhs by locality 173 The Hindu religion 174- 1Vho is a Hindu ~ 174- Sects of Hindus 177 LocHl distrihution of Hindus 178 Variation in population 178 V€dic Dharm 178 Sanatan Dh:1tm .. 17\) Balmikis 180 Lalbegis 18:-> Panjpirias 18:3 Radhaswurui 183 Dev-Dharm 184- :lliohamruadan religion 184 Local di&trilmtion 185 Comparison with .[lrt'sious figure8 185 Sects ]85 Ahllladics 186 AM-i-Hadis 186 Shiat:; 186 Jainislli 186 Jain Sects 187 Distribution by sects 187 Distribution by locality 187 17 a.riation since 1921 )87 Christian religion 187 Variation since 1921 188 Anglo-Indians 188 Europeans 188 Subsidiary Tables 189-193 "CHAPTER XII CASTE, TRIBE _~SD RACE 194 Reference to statistics 194 Accuracy of returns 194 The institution of caste 195 Suu-eastes Hl6 Effe.ct of ca!ltes 196 Glossary of castes 197 Selected (astes Agga,rwal 197 Ahirs 197 Arnin 198 Arora 198 Awan 198 Ba\\"[u;ia 198 Biloch 198 Brahmins HJ9 Cllamar 199 Chhimba 200 Da,gi and Roli 201 Dumna 201 Faqir 201 Ghirath 201 Vll Subject Page CFL\PTER XII-contd.-Gujar 202 Jats 202 Jhiwar 203 Jobha 203 Kamboh 20;~ Kashmiri 204 Kbatris 204 Kumhars 204- Lohars 205 Machhi 205 lVIirasis 205 Mochi 205 Nai 205 pa,than 206 Saini 20G Sainsi 20f) Sayya(l 206 Sheikh 206 Sunar 207 Tarkhan 207 Teli 207 Non-Selected Castes Ahluwalia 207 Bazigar 208 Bhabra 208 Amraw 208 Bhatras 208 Bharbhunja 208 Bhanjara 208 Bishnoy 208 Bairagi 208 Ballgala 203 Bharyai 209 Baddu 209 Bania 209 Bhatiara, 209- Bodla 209 Bhand 209- Chanal 209, Dhanak 209 Darzi 209 DogarEl 21(} Dabgar 21(} Gaddaria 210 Gorkha 21()' Gosain 210 Gandhila 210 Gagra 210 Heri 210 Changar 210 Jogi 210- Kari 2U Kaisath 211 Vlll Subject Page 'CHAPTER XII- -contd.- -Kurmi 211 Kunjm 211 Khatik 211 Kachhis 212 Kanchan 212 Khoja 212 Khokar 212 Kharasia 212 Kakazai 212 Kamangar 212 Kharal 212 Lubana 213 Mina 213 Mallah 213 Manyar ~. 213 Mughal 213 Mali 213 Madari 213 Nilgar 213 Namakgar 213 Nat 214 Naik 214 Padha 214 Pinja 214 Purbia 214 Qalandar 214 Qureshi 214 Raj 215 Rababi 215 Rahbari 215 Raj put 215 Sidhu 215 Harike 215 Mehata 215 Chahal 216 Dhaliwal 216 Man 216 Dhillon 216 Gil 216 Maral 217 Dhindsa 217 Rawat 217 Ror 217 Sud 217 Sikligar .. 217 Sikh 217 Thori .. 217 Thobi 217 .subsidiary Table 218 INTRODUCTION A description of the physical or geographical featu.res of the country, Preface~ much less the history of its origin and that of its Ruling House, is not, ordinl1rily, considered necessary for the Census Reports of the Provinces in British India, obviously because enough has been said on these subjects in the previous Reports, and a vast and varied literature is already in existence. III the case ofIndian States, however, circumstances are rather different. First of all they are much smaller units, in comparison with the Provinces in British India, and are, therefore, ipso facto not'so well known. Secondly, the character of personal rule in the States ma~es the question of "the it" history, both past and present, an issue of continuing interest. Lastly, the present one is the first Census Report of the State, which is being published. I feel it would not be complete without some information on these important subjects.
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