Draft Master Plan Kulgam -2038

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DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

Preface

Urban India has witnessed an accelerated growth in the past two decades, with the population growing at 3% year on year. This rapid growth will add more than 300 million urban residents in the next 20-25 years. Apart from the mega cities, there has been a substantial addition of urban population to the smaller and medium sized towns. The number of urban agglomerations with population of one million plus has been reported to be 53 (census 2011) as compared to 35 in the previous census. This population living in cities contributes nearly 65% of India’s GDP and in next 15 years, nearly 75% of GDP is projected to come from urban areas. Because of high economic growth and low urban base, Indian cities are growing at a faster rate than the rest of the world. The rapid urbanization is accompanied by a host of challenges such as urban sprawl resulting in increase in population as well as stress on the existing infrastructure.

The State of Jammu and Kashmir having population about 12.54 million as per Census 2011 is the 19th most populated state in India. The State recorded a decadal population growth rate of about 23% from 2001-2011 exceeding the national growth rate of about 17%. Out of total population of 12.54 million, about 27% people live in urban areas of the state which has increased at an annual growth rate of 3.6% during last decade higher than the national average (3%). At this growth rate of 3.6%, the urban population of the State is projected around 7.2 million by 2035. Out of the total urban population of 3.4 million in the State, Kashmir Valley holds 2.2 million (63%). Large resources are needed for the development of these urban settlements and Govt. of India has funded and implemented many schemes for improving the infrastructure of these towns and cities. The state of Jammu & Kashmir has not been able to use the available funding under these schemes optimally primarily because of the non-availability of Master Plan documents for these towns and cities.

In view of this, Town Planning Organisation, Kashmir has undertaken a comprehensive scheme for the preparation of Master Plans of various towns envisaging there all compassing development. In the 1st phase Master Plans of all the district headquarters towns have been taken up and the preparation of Master Plan Kulgam Town is another step in that direction. Kulgam holds significant importance in the settlement hierarchy of Kashmir valley in general and in the southern part of the valley in particular. Town Planning Organization, Kashmir earlier formulated the Master Plan Kulgam in 2012 and submitted the same for its notification which was not accepted by the administrative department on basis of deficiencies. However,

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DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038 the Master Plan has been formulated afresh on the basis of the decisions taken in the Estimates Committee Meeting held under the Chairmanship of Hon’ble MLA, Kulgam on 22.02.2017 and on the request of District Development Commissioner, Kulgam communicated to this office vide no: DDK/Master Plan/2016-17/1386-87 dated: 21.02.2017. The studies for the preparation of Master Plan included socio-economic, land-use and traffic and transportation surveys which were conducted by the town planning Organisation, Kashmir. The basic rationale of the Master Plan is to achieve better living and economic conditions of the population and to explore all possible opportunities for the economic development of the town at large. A detailed policy frame work has been contemplated in the Master Plan Kulgam with all stakeholders on board and is expected to be followed in letter and spirit to ensure the better living conditions, economic upliftment and creation of more employment opportunities for the inhabitants of the town in particular and the region in general. The Master Plan becomes a futile exercise if it is not implemented in letter and spirit. The proposals contained in the Master Plan need to be translated into action plans and concrete deliverables to achieve the desired goals.

The draft Master Plan of Kulgam-2038 is being submitted to the Govt. for its publication and notification as per the provisions of the Jammu & Kashmir Development Act, 1970 or the Jammu & Kashmir Municipal Act, 2000.

(Fayaz A. Khan)

Chief Town Planner Town Planning Organization, Kashmir

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WORKING TEAM

PLANNING TEAM Fayaz A. Khan Chief Town Planner, Kashmir Gulzar A. Dar Town Planner Nazir Ahmad Magray Assistant Town Planner Updatation and Field Verification Mohmmad Abdullaha Sheikh Executive Engineer Sajad Hussain Qadri Assistant Executive Engineer Irfan Ahmad Lone Urban Planner (Contractual) Subzar Bashir Urban Planner (Contractual) Dheeraj S. Manhas Infrastructure Planner (Contractual) SURVEY (LAND USE & TRAFFIC & TRANSPORTATION SURVEY) Subzar Ahmad Khan Junior Engineer Parvez Ahmed Junior Engineer Mohammed Iqbal Malik Junior Engineer Ashak Hussain Bhat Junior Engineer Nissar Ahmad Mattoo Head Draftsman Raj Kumar Head Draftsman Imtiyaz Ahmad Hafiz Draftsman Azad Ahmad Mir Draftsman Bashir Ahmad Bhat Tracer Nazir Ahmad Gasi Tracer Showkat Ahmad Ganie Tracer SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY/STATISTICAL DATA ANALYSIS Suneem Amin Field Inspector Imtiyaz Ahmad Hafiz Draftsman Showkat Ahmad Ganie Tracer DRAFTING & DIGITIZATION Faizan Jalal GIS Analyst (Contractual)

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface …………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….i Working Team .………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..iii Table of Contents …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….iv

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND TOWN PROFILE ...... 2 1.1 Introduction ...... 2 1.2 Status of Kulgam Town ...... 2 1.3 Kulgam – A Profile ...... 3 1.4 Historical Development ...... 3 1.5 Physiography ...... 4 1.6 Climate ...... 4 1.7 Soil Characteristics ...... 5 1.8 Natural Drainage ...... 5 1.9 Notified Area Limits ...... 5 CHAPTER 2: SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE ...... 7 2.1 Area and Population ...... 7 2.2 Literacy Rate ...... 8 2.3 Age and Sex Structure ...... 10 2.4 Work Force Participation Ratio ...... 12 2.5 Occupational Structure ...... 13 2.6 Household/Family Size ...... 15 2.7 Income Distribution ...... 16 CHAPTER 3: PHYSICAL GROWTH, INFRATSRUCTURE AND SERVICES ...... 18 3.1 Town Structure ...... 18 3. 2 Existing Land Use...... 18 3.2.1 Methodology for the Preparation of Existing Landuse ...... 18

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3.2.2 Existing Landuse of Kulgam LPA ...... 19 3.3 Incompatible/Inefficient Land Uses ...... 26 CHAPTER 4: PROJECTIONS AND INFRASTRUCTURE DEMAND ANALYSIS ...... 28 4.1 Population Projections ...... 28 4.2 Projected Occupational Structure...... 31 4.3 Housing ...... 33 4.3.1 Residential Density ...... 33 4.3.2 Condition of Structures ...... 33 4.3.3 Urban Villages ...... 34 4.3.4 Housing Demand by 2038 ...... 34 4.4 Social Infrastructure, Utilities and Services ...... 36 4.4.1 Educational Facilities ...... 36 4.4.2 Medical Facilities ...... 36 4.4.3 Slaughter House ...... 37 4.4.4 Fire Station ...... 37 4.4.5 Police Station ...... 37 4.4.6 Post and Telegraph Offices ...... 37 4.4.7 Commercial Facilities ...... 38 4.4.8 Wholesale Market ...... 38 4.4.9 Socio-Cultural Institutions ...... 39 4.4.10 Sewerage and Drainage ...... 39 4.4.11 Storm Water/Drainage ...... 39 4.4.12 Solid Waste Disposal ...... 40 4.4.13 Recreational Facilities ...... 40 4.4.14 Water Supply ...... 41 4.4.15 Electric Power ...... 41 CHAPTER 5: PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS ...... 43

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5.1 Proposals ...... 43 5.2 Urbanisable Limits by 2038 ...... 43 5.3 Planning Zones ...... 44 5.4 Major considerations regarding proposed land use distribution ...... 45 5.5 Residential Use ...... 49 5.5.1 Proposed Residential Density ...... 49 5.5.2 Proposed residential Neighborhoods ...... 50 5.6 Housing Proposals ...... 50 5.7 Commercial Use ...... 52 5.7.1 Retail and Wholesale ...... 52 5.7.2 Integrated Fright Complex ...... 52 5.7.3 Informal Sector ...... 53 5.8 Public and Semi-public Uses ...... 53 5.9 Socio-cultural Facilities ...... 56 5.10 Water Supply...... 59 5.11 Sewerage and Drainage System ...... 60 5.12 Solid Waste Disposal ...... 62 5.13 Industrial Use ...... 63 5.14 Service Facilities ...... 64 5.15 Administrative Use ...... 64 5.16 Incompatible Land Use ...... 65 5.17 Proposed Decongestion of Areas ...... 65 5.18 Conservation Areas ...... 66 CHAPTER 6: TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION ...... 68 6.1 Transport Facilities ...... 68 6.2 Transport Network Characteristics ...... 68 6.3 Traffic Surveys – Kulgam 2015 ...... 70

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6.4 Regional Traffic (Passengers/Buses) ...... 71 6.5 Regional Freight Traffic ...... 71 6.6 Bus Terminal ...... 72 6.7 Taxi Stand ...... 73 6.8 Traffic and Transportation Proposals...... 73 6.8.1 Proposed Transportation Network ...... 73 6.8.2 Bus Stand/Nodal Terminal Centre ...... 76 6.8.3 Regional Bus Terminal ...... 76 6.8.4 Construction of Culverts: ...... 76 6.8.5 Truck Terminal ...... 77 6.8.6 Parking ...... 78 6.8.7 Bus Bays/Pick-up Stations ...... 78 CHAPTER 7: TOURISM THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ...... 80 7.1 International Tourism Scenario ...... 80 7.2 Indian Tourism Scenario ...... 80 7.3 State Tourism Scenario ...... 80 7.4 Tourism Potential of the Region ...... 82 7.4.1 Scenic ...... 82 7.4.2 Adventure ...... 82 7.4.3 Pilgrim ...... 82 7.4.4 Cultural ...... 83 7.4.5 Ecotourism ...... 83 7.5 SWOT Analysis...... 83 CHAPTER 8: URBAN LANDUSE POLICY ...... 86 8.1 Land Use Policy ...... 86 8.2 Policy Directives ...... 86 8.3 Restructuring of Local Body ...... 88

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CHAPTER 9: DEVELOPMENT PROMOTION RULES AND REGULATIONS ...... 90 9.1 Zoning Regulations ...... 90 9.2 Space Standards ...... 97 9.2.1 Density ...... 99 9.3 Facade Control Measures ...... 103 9.3.1 Design concepts and proportions of Building Elements ...... 103 9.3.2 Land Slope and Contours ...... 103 9.3.3 Land Forms and Geographical Character of soil ...... 104 9.3.4 Impact on Environment ...... 104 9.3.5 Energy Efficient Planning ...... 104 9.4 Roofs ...... 104 9.5 Wall Finishes and Foundations ...... 105 9.6 Colours ...... 105 9.7 Outdoor Elements ...... 105 9.8 Public Outdoor Activities and Spaces ...... 106 9.9 Group Housing (Colonies): ...... 106 9.9.1 Flatted Development: ...... 106 9.9.2 Housing Colonies ...... 107 9.10 Disaster Management ...... 109 CHAPTER 10: STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS, RESOURCE MOBILIZATION AND IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY ...... 111 10.1 Stakeholder Analysis ...... 111 10.2 Implementation Strategy ...... 114 10.3 Institutional Framework ...... 115 10.4 Phasing of Development ...... 115 10.5 Resource Mobilization ...... 118 10.6 Review and Monitoring of Master Plan ...... 119

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CHAPTER – 1

(INTRODUCTION AND TOWN PROFILE)

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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND TOWN PROFILE 1.1 Introduction Parts of the erstwhile Anantnag and Pulwama Districts have been merged and notified as Kulgam District. Kulgam Town has been declared as District Headquarter of District Kulgam. With the declaration of district Headquarter, Kulgam town is bound to undergo drastic changes with reference to population, spatial and level of infrastructure. Presently the town is spread along one road axis— Anantnag–Kulgam road with spill-over development on other road arteries which include Qazigund Road, Shangus Road etc. The township has two particular parts — main town which is the core town including the older parts and the District administration offices and second includes village Chawalgam which is located almost at a distance of three (03) kms. from the main town. The main axis Anantnag – Kulgam road connects the two settlements which further leads to Shopian and Aharbal.

1.2 Status of Kulgam Town Kulgam town, with rich agricultural, horticultural, forest, water and handicrafts resources is located in the extreme south-east of the Kashmir Valley in the foothills of Pir Panjal range. The town has a long history but because of the negligence of local government towards its development, rural imprints are still found in town. Some efforts were made by the State Government by way of IDMT (State Sponsored Scheme) and IDSMT (Centrally Sponsored Scheme) to develop the town, but allocations were not enough to take care of massive development works which were needed to be taken up to improve its image and create the requisite infrastructure for economic development. Thus Kulgam has not been able to attain the urban character as there has not been much improvement in the level of basic services. The condition of services, utilities, amenities and sanitation is inadequate. Traffic and Transportation infrastructure is also inadequate with a single/intermediate lane road catering whole traffic both goods and passenger. Kulgam town has been one of the worst hit towns of the Valley by 20 years of turbulence. It has aggravated the problems and created a situation with complete urban mismanagement. The situation prevalent encouraged encroachments and illegal/haphazard growth and growth of informal sector.

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The rich resource base and potential need to be harnessed for making it a generative Service Centre to rural hinterland which till now have been impeded due to the organic growth of town. The town is proposed to be developed as District Administration Seat with focus on harnessing the benefits of rich resource base i.e. horticulture, water, forest and agriculture. The town can act as a growth centre in the south-east Kashmir and can boost economic development by harnessing rich resource base.

1.3 Kulgam – A Profile Kulgam town is located 69 Km away from Srinagar City – the Capital of Jammu and Kashmir State -- in the south-east at a distance of about 20 km from District Anantnag and has an altitude of 1745 meters above MSL between 34o – 38’ and 34o – 55’ North latitude and 75o – 10’ and 75o – 25’ East longitude. Kulgam town is bound in the south by River Veshaw and Kewal Kul with background of lush green mountains, and in the west it is circumscribed by uplands predominantly horticulture in nature. Both these natural features act as physical doorsill for the expansion and development of the town. This has resulted into concentrated agglomeration of urban activities along the main street in the form of ribbon development.

1.4 Historical Development Kulgam is one of the oldest towns of the Kashmir Valley. It was for the first time declared as town way-back in 1911. However, due to the unknown reasons, it was declassified as town in 1921 and remained so till 1961. In 1961 Kulgam recorded development of urban activities and has become center stage for many political parties. Kulgam – the name of the town -- has been derived from two words ‘Kul’ meaning the Stream/River and ‘gam’ meaning the Village, collectively meaning village on the bank of rivers. Another version about its nomenclature is that ‘Kul’ refers to the trees and ‘gam’ the village, collectively meaning village located adjacent forest with thick vegetation. It is said that earlier settlement was located in the immediate vicinity of the forest and was surrounded by thick vegetation finally named as ‘Kulgam’. Third version about its nomenclature is that Kulgam derived its name when a pious lady who while walking along the bank of the ‘Kul’ (nallah) lost some of her belongings tied in biggest piece of cloth. She after losing her belongings shouted ‘Kul-I-gam’ meaning it has fallen into the

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nallah. It is said that it was after that incident that the earlier Village settlement along the ‘Kul’ came to be known as ‘Kul-I- gam’ and over the period of time came to be identified as “Kulgam”. Initially the town settlement grew along the river bank, but recurrence of floods did not allow it to grow in size and magnitude. The town evolved around the holy shrine of Syed Samnani Sahib, the Peer of Hazrat Sheikh Noor-ud-Din Wali RA. It is around this shrine that town settlement evolved initially and gave it a historical significance. The Shrine has become focal point and a source of great revenue from devotees/people who have spiritual attachment with the Saint. The revenue collected is not only used for the development of Shrine area but also for social welfare activities in the town. It is as a result of this the area around the Shrine e.g. Asthanpora, Naiskpora, Reshpora, Kumar Mohalla, Shakh Mohalla, have grown over the period of time. The town is a testimony of acute congestion with narrow lanes, by-lanes, dilapidation of houses, inadequate drainage facilities, poor residential environment and quality of life. However, over the years as the town expanded in size and dimension some new settlements were annexed into town limits along with Chawalgam which is three kms away from main town.

1.5 Physiography The town is predominantly located on Karewa in the land/foot hills of Pir Panjal Range, along the Kulgam – Srinagar road. The presence of Veshaw River and its flood basin act as thresholds to the development of the town. The town has very limited scope for expansion on south and south-east. In the north and north – west, town has flat Karewa land. It has vast orchard fields and paddy land mostly in the north and south east.

1.6 Climate Kulgam town, like other parts of the South Kashmir enjoys more or less the same climate as that of Anantnag. It is severely cold with heavy snowfall in winter and moderately pleasant in summer. Overall the town experiences moderate temperate ranging between 29oC – 33oC in summer and between 10oCto –15oC in winter. The average annual precipitation (rain and snow) in Kulgam varies from 480mm to 570 mm. Strong north-westerly wind is more dominant with average wind velocity of 5 – 20 km. per hour.

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The presence of Pir Panjal mountain range in the immediate vicinity of the town in south and south west produce substantial micro-level impact in the climate, wind direction speed and precipitation in the town.

1.7 Soil Characteristics The town at micro-level can be divided into three sub-divisions, based on the soil classification, - (I) Surzamin Land consisting Kerawas with soil characteristics of silt and alluvium, (ii) Boulder land spread all along the Veshaw Nallah and (iii) Alluvium soil mostly consisting paddy fields. The town landscape is suited for horticulture produce, agricultural and saffron cultivation.

1.8 Natural Drainage The drainage of the Kulgam town is provided by Veshaw Nallah and Kewal Kul which drain in the south and south-east of the town. North of the town consists mostly Kerawa land with a number of rivulets crisscrossing the area. Kewal Khul drains through the Nallah along the embankment of Veshaw River with its waters being used for domestic purposes also. The town is also rich in underground water resources which are being exploited for irrigation of the horticulture land.

1.9 Notified Area Limits The Notified Area limits were prescribed in 1981 at the establishment of local body. It included Kulgam and twelve other villages. Till now these have not been revised. Therefore, the re-delineation of town limits is imperative. For this purpose, Planning Area of Kulgam town has been identified and delineated covering approximately an area of 20.60 Sq. Kms which would serve as future urban limits for planning and development purpose. This Planning area of 20.60 Sq. Kms, shall constitute the Local Area/urbansiable limits of Kulgam for the purpose of Master Plan formulation and its implementation. Therefore, in the first instance, the proposed Local Area as defined in the document along with the list of revenue villages/areas needs to be notified under the provisions of the Jammu & Kashmir Development Act, 1970 which is enclosed as Annexure-“A”.

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Chapter – 2

(SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE)

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CHAPTER 2: SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE 2.1 Area and Population Kulgam was declared as town for the first time in 1911 when it had a population of 1795 persons. However, due to the declassification of Kulgam as town in 1921 census, it did not record any significant increase in population till 1961 census, when it was reclassified as town. Population recorded at 4599 in 1961 increased to 6369 in 1971, 8202 in 1981, 13136 in 2001 and 23584 in 2011. At present, the town has spread over a large area which includes settlements of Naikpora, Asthanpora, Ziarat Sharief, Sheikh Mohalla, Laripora, Bonugam, Ganiepora, Rangriz Mohalla, Kumar Mohalla, Chawalgam, Shaksaz Mohalla and Reshipora and the intervening agricultural/orchard fields. Population of six surrounding villages is estimated at 5681 with the total population of town and surrounding villages estimated at 29265 as per census of India 2011.

Table 2.1: Population & Growth Rate of Town Year Population Annual Growth Rate

1911 1795 -

1921 Declassified -

1951 Declassified -

1961 4599 -

1971 6369 0.0278

1981 8202 0.0223

2001 13136 0.0187

2011 23584 0.0795 Source: Census of India Reports.

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Table 2.2: Population of Surrounding Villages S. No. Name of Village Population 2001 Population 2011 Annual Growth Rate (%) 1 Shurat Khalsa 131 418 21.91 2 Shurat Jagir 1520 1780 1.71 3 Challan 1147 1176 0.25 4 Lirow 756 819 0.83 5 Kharot khalsa 322 408 2.67 6 Kharot jagir 914 1080 1.82 Average Growth Rate 4790 5681 2.92 Source: MC, Kulgam, Town and Village Directory, District Anantnag, Census of India, 2001 & 2011.

2.2 Literacy Rate Being located in a far flung area of Kashmir Valley, literacy rate of Kulgam town was 33.30 per cent in 1981 lower than the average literacy rate of all towns in the district i.e. 41.14 per cent and urban part of state as a whole which stood at 45.56 per cent. While as figures given in the 2011 census also somehow portray an identical picture.

Table 2.3: Comparative Statement of Literacy Rate – 2011 Figure 2.1 Literacy Rate 2011 (%) S. No. Town Population Literacy Rate (%) 68 66 66.47 1 Kulgam 23584 59.4 64 62 2 Ganderbal 28233 56.85 60 58 3 Tral 17844 58.23 59.4 56 58.23 56.85 4 Pattan 19538 66.47 54 52 Source: Census of India 2011 Kulgam Ganderbal Tral Pattan

Source: Census of India 2011

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The literacy rate of Kulgam district is 59.23%. The male literacy rate is 57.46% and the female literacy rate is 40.62% in Kulgam district. The overall literacy rate of Kulgam is much lower than the state literacy rate which is 67.16% with 76.75% male literacy and 56.43% female literacy. Literacy rate of Kulgam (MC) is 59.40% out of which male literacy accounts for 59.81% and female literacy accounts for 40.19%. The comparative statement of literacy shows that Kulgam has higher literacy rate than Ganderbal and Tral Towns but much lower than Pattan Town.

Table 2.4: Literacy Rate – Kulgam Town Year Male Literacy Rate Female Literacy Rate Overall Literacy Rate Gender gap in Literacy Rate 1971 36.23% 13.64% 25.65% 22.59% 1981 43.96% 21.40% 33.30% 22.56% 2001 70.50% 46.40% 59.50% 24.10% 2011 59.81% 40.19% 59.40% 19.62% Source: Census of India 1971, 1981, 2001 and 2011

Figure 2.2 Kulgam Literacy Rate

80.00% 70.00% 60.00% 70.50% 50.00% 59.50% 59.81% 59.40% 40.00% 43.96% 46.40% 30.00% 40.19% 36.23% 33.30% 20.00% 25.65% 24.10% 22.59% 21.40% 22.56% 19.62% 10.00% 13.64% 0.00% 1971 1981 2001 2011

Male Literacy Rate Female Literacy Rate Overall Literacy Rate Gender gap in Literacy Rate

Source: Census of India Reports 1971, 1981, 2001 & 2011

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The overall literacy rate of Kulgam has increased from 25.65% in 1971 to 59.40% in 2011. Male literacy has grown from 36.23% in 1971 to 59.81% in 2011. Female literacy has increased from 13.64% in 1971 to 40.19% in 2011. The overall gender gap in literacy has decreased from 22.59% in 1971 to 19.62% in 2011.

2.3 Age and Sex Structure

Figure 2.3 Sex Ratio of Kulgam Town

900 897 890

880 881 870 876

860 860 850

840 1971 1981 2001 2011

Source: Census of India Reports 1971, 1981, 2001 & 2011 Sex Ratio of Kulgam town has shown fluctuations since 1971. During 1971, sex ratio of Kulgam town was 881 and 897 during 1981 which was a very healthy growth. In 2001, sex ratio of the town has declined to 860 and in 2011 it has again increased to 876 which is slightly lower than the state sex ratio of 889 but much lower than the sex ratio of district Kulgam which is 951 as per census 2011. This can mainly be attributed to the commercialization of the Town.

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Table 2.5: Comparative Statement of Sex Ratio -2011 Town Population Sex Ratio Sex Ratio 0-6 age group Kulgam 23584 871 876 Ganderbal 28233 876 822 Tral 17844 794 1014 Pattan 19538 553 846 Source: Census of India 2001 The decrease in sex ratio from 1981 to 2001 has mainly been because of the increased in migration from rural hinterland during last three decades of turbulence. However, the 2011 census figures show a slight increase in child sex ratio at the level of 0 to 6 years of age i.e. 876. This can be attributed to improved medical facilities and the social awareness among the people. The information collected through Primary Survey reveals that the town has more male population i.e. 50.69 per cent. The figures make it clear that the sex ratio in age group from 0-19 is high. The age and sex structure of Kulgam town shows low sex ratio in the age group of 20-49 and +60 age groups. This could possibly be due to high rate of mortality among females. The proportion of population above 50 years of age is about 18.14 per cent which is quite significant considering the longevity of life. Table 2.6: Age and Sex Structure 2015 S. No. Age Group Males Females Total %age 1 0 – 14 88 114 202 19.8 2 15 – 19 52 62 114 11.19 3 20 – 24 52 50 102 10 4 25 – 29 53 52 105 10.29 5 30 – 39 100 87 187 18.33 6 40 – 49 70 55 125 12.25 7 50 – 59 35 39 74 7.26 8 60 + 67 44 111 10.88 - - 517 503 1020 100 Source: Primary Survey, Town Planning Organization, Kashmir

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2.4 Work Force Participation Ratio Kulgam town shows a general trend of lower growth of work force participation rate (WFPR). It has increased from 28.20% in 1971 to 36.81% in 1981 and again declined to 34.33% in 2001. At present WFPR of Kulgam town is 40.04% out of which 24.46% are main workers and 15.58% are the marginal workers. In a nut shell, percentage of total workers has increased but the percentage of main workers has decreased and the marginal percentage has increased which is an unhealthy trend of economic growth. The declining WFPR will require immediate measures in terms of industrial growth and diversification of agriculture and horticulture in the area attracting working population to the town and check out-migration. Table 2.7: Work Participation Ratio Total Main Marginal Total Non- Year Population Workers % Workers % workers % Workers % 1971 6369 - - - - 1796 28.20 4573 71.80 1981 8202 2546 31.04 473 5.77 3019 36.81 5183 63.19 2001 13136 3415 26.00 1094 8.33 4509 34.33 8627 65.67 2011 23584 5768 24.46 3674 15.58 9442 40.04 14142 59.96 Source: Census of India Reports 1971, 1981, 2001 & 2011 Figure 2.4 Work Force Participation Rate Kulgam

150

100 63.19 65.67 59.96 50 5.77 8.33 15.58 31.04 26 0 24.46 1981 2001 2011

Main Workers Marginal Workers Non Workers

Source: Census of India Reports 1971, 1981, 2001 & 2011

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2.5 Occupational Structure

The sectorial distribution since 1971 in three broad sectors i.e. Primary, Secondary and Tertiary shows a marginal diversification. Instead of shifting an urban character, Kulgam town’s agrarian economy seems to have attracted more workers in 1981 in comparison to 1971. In 1971 about 50.28 per cent were engaged in different agriculture pursuits while as 14.19 per cent in Secondary Sector and 35.52 per cent in Tertiary Sector. In 1981 occupational configuration recorded changes in primary sector. It has come down from 50.28 % to 45.44 % percent; however, in tertiary sector increase from 35.52 % to 48.46 %is mainly due to weak industrial base of the town. In 2001 occupational structure recorded significant changes in primary sector. It has decreased to 18.83% against increase in tertiary sector from 48.46% to 75.34%. Secondary sector has shown a decline to 5.83%. Primary survey conducted by TPO, Kashmir has also reflected a similar picture which shows decline in the primary sector from 18.83% to 15.96% and secondary sector further declined to 0.91% only. The tertiary sector has increased to 83.13%. In order to infuse economic growth in the town, attention needs to be given to industrial growth and the development of trade and commerce in the town.

Economic activities in Kulgam

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Table 2.8: Occupational Structure (1971-2011) S. No. Occupation 1971 1981 2001 2011 Persons %age Persons %age Persons %age Persons %age Primary Sector 1 Cultivators 837 46.6 355 44.88 430 9.54 2325 - 2 Agricultural Labourers 32 1.78 17 0.57 419 9.29 1707 - 3 Livestock and Forestry 34 1.89 ------4 Mining and Quarrying 0 0.01 ------Sub Total 903 50.29 372 24.06 849 18.83 4032 42.7 Secondary Sector 5 Household Industry 8 0.45 184 6.09 263 5.83 - - 6 Other Industries 217 12.08 - - - - 254 2.69 7 Construction 30 1.67 ------

Sub Total 255 14.19 184 11.9 263 5.83 254 2.69 Tertiary Sector 8 Trade and Commerce 238 13.25 ------9 Transportation 48 2.67 ------10 Other Services 352 19.6 990 32.79 3397 75.34 5156 54.61 Sub Total 638 35.52 990 64.04 3397 75.34 5156 54.61 Grand Total 1796 100% 1546 100% 4509 100% 9442 100% Source: Census of India & Primary Survey by TPO, Kashmir.

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DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

Figure 2.5 Occupational Structure

100

80 35.52 54.61 70 64.03 60 75.34 14.19 50 2.69 40

30 11.9 50.29 20 5.83 42.7 24.07 10 18.83 0 1971 1981 2001 2011

Primary Sector Secondary Sector Tertiary Sector

Source: 1. Census of India 2. Primary Survey by TPO, Kashmir. 2.6 Household/Family Size As per 1981 census, the total number of occupied residential houses in Kulgam was 916 with 1225 households living in these houses at the rate of 1.34 households per house. However, the number of households increased to 1808 in 2001. The average household size recorded in Kulgam during these two census years was 6.7 persons and 7.3 persons respectively. The Primary Survey conducted by TPO (K) reveals that in 2015-16, Kulgam town had an average household size of 6.95 persons per house. The reasons for high household size in Kulgam could be attributed to mostly joint family system which is clear from table 2.9.

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DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

Table: 2.9: Family Size Kulgam Town – 2015-16 S. No. Size Percentage Households No. of persons per family 1 Nuclear 25.44 % Less than 5 2 Medium 61.27% 5 to 9 3 Large 13.29 % Above 9 Source: Primary Survey, Town Planning Organization, Kashmir

The family size in Kulgam town reveals that nuclear families constitute only 25.44 per cent whereas medium and large families together constituted around 74.56 per cent of the families. The predominance of medium/large size families is also indicator of higher occupancy rate and acute stress on housing facilities in the town. Average family size is expected to decline during the plan period, as people will tend to adopt urbanization as a way of life.

2.7 Income Distribution Primary survey conducted by TPO (K) in 2016 reveals that Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) and Lower Income Group (LIG) categories constitute about 34.10 per cent of the populations while as High Income Group (HIG) comprise 15.03% and Middle Income Group (MIG) 50.87 per cent. Higher proportion in Lower Income Groups (LIG) and Medium Income Group (MIG) is due to working class in tertiary sector mainly in informal where returns are comparatively moderate. Table 2.10: Household Income Kulgam Town 2015-16

S. No. Household Category Income Range /month Percentage of H’holds 2015-16 (%age)

1 EWS Less than 5000 10.40 2 LIG 5000 – 10000 23.70

3 MIG 10000 – 30000 50.87 4 HIG Above 30000 15.03

Source: Primary Survey, Town Planning Organization, Kashmir

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

Chapter – 3

(PHYSICAL GROWTH, INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICES)

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

CHAPTER 3: PHYSICAL GROWTH, INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICES

3.1 Town Structure Since its declaration as town, the physical structure of Kulgam town has recorded changes from rural-urban mixed character. In the absence of any policy directives to channelize these spatial changes in Landuse, the town has recorded development of both compatible and non-compatible land uses. The town has recorded large scale conversion of land uses from agriculture to urban along the Kulgam – Srinagar Road and in the rich agricultural fields.

3. 2 Existing Land Use Land use is identification of use or activity on a land parcel. A land use map is a representation of various uses happening within the given area. Land use classification system identifies activities taking place on land parcels in various categories. Landuse map helps to analyse actual area under various activities and provides location information.it also shows us the status about the levels of development on ground. By analysing the existing landuse Town Planners test pros and cons, alternative planning policies before pursuing a plan for future.

3.2.1 Methodology for the Preparation of Existing Landuse Preparation of Existing land use map involves a detail process of land use survey along with secondary data from various authorities and sources. With the data collected from all sources including the primary survey conducted by the field staff of Town Planning Organisation, Kashmir Base Map was generated to quantify the existing infrastructure which was followed by formulation of Existing Landuse. Based on the data analysis of various planning parameters and the subsequent quantification of requirements for the horizon period fully backed by the robust planning concept arrived at, proposed Landuse Plan for the horizon period (2038) was finalised.

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DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

Figure: 3.1 Methodology used to Prepare Existing Landuse

3.2.2 Existing Landuse of Kulgam LPA Existing landuse structure of Kulgam town is an amalgam of mixed land uses with significant ribbon development along Kulgam-Srinagar Road. The piecemeal development and planning efforts have also created a disorderly growth of urban activities, thus posing serious challenges to planned development. In the absence of a Master Plan for the town, the disposition of landuses in the town reflects relative inadequacies of land under different uses, services and amenities affecting the quality of life of citizens. The total area under local planning area of Kulgam is around 2060.95 Hectares out of which around 372.82 Hectares which accounts for 18.09% is net developed area. Water bodies engulf the area of about 13.04% of the total area and rest of the area is undeveloped. Around 69% of the

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038 land is under Agriculture and remains the predominant use of LPA Kulgam. Kulgam LPA Land use classification system categorizes the land area of 2060.95 hectares in eleven land use Classes. The different landuses in the Kulgam LPA are mentioned in the below table

Table 3.1: Existing Land use of Kulgam LPA USE SUB USE AREA (Hectares) Area (percentage) 1. RESIDENTIAL 236.8 11.49

2. COMMERCIAL 20.05 0.97

3. INDUSTRIAL AND MANUFACTURE 0.94 0.05

4. PUBLIC & SEMIPUBLIC

I. GOVT, SEMI GOVT. 20.36 0.99

II. EDUCATION & RESEARCH 16.63 0.81

III. MEDICAL & HEALTH 4.33 0.21

IV. RELIGIOUS 11.06 0.54

V. TOURISM 0.26 0.01

VI. UTILITY SERVICES 2.89 0.14

5. MIXED USE 2.33 0.11

6. RECREATIONAL & OPEN SPACES

I. OPEN 6.45 0.31

II. PARKS AND GARDENS 8.66 0.42

7. TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION 35.45 1.72

8. AGRICULTURE & ALLIED 1419.31 68.87

9. WATERBODIES 268.82 13.04

10. UNDETERMINED 4.74 0.23

11. SPECIAL AREA/ DEFENCE 1.87 0.09

TOTAL 2060.95 100.00

Source: Preliminary study on Landuse analysis by Town Planning Organization, Kashmir, 2017-18

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

Figure: 3.2 Landuse Distribution

1% RESIDENTIAL 0% 13% 11% 1% COMMERCIAL 2% 3% INDUSTRIAL AND MANUFACTURE

PUBLIC & SEMIPUBLIC

MIXED USE

RECREATIONAL & OPEN SPACES

TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION

AGRICULTURE & ALLIED

WATERBODIES

UNDETERMINED 69%

SPECIAL AREA/ DEFENCE

Source: Preliminary study on Landuse analysis by Town Planning Organization, Kashmir, 2017-18

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DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

Table 3.2: Land use distribution within Developed area of Kulgam LPA LAND USE AREA (Hectares) Area (percentage) RESIDENTIAL 236.8 63.52 COMMERCIAL 20.05 5.38 INDUSTRIAL 0.94 0.25 PUBLIC & SEMIPUBLIC 55.53 14.89 MIXED 2.33 0.62 RECREATIONAL 15.11 4.05 TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION 35.45 9.51 SPECIAL AREAS/ DEFENCE 1.87 0.50 UNDETERMINED USE 4.74 1.27 TOTAL 372.82 100 Source: Preliminary study on Land use analysis by Town Planning Organization, Kashmir, 2017-18

Figure: 3.3 Proposed Net Developed Area

1% RESIDENTIAL

COMMERCIAL 10% 1% 4% INDUSTRIAL PUBLIC & SEMIPUBLIC

15% MIXED RECREATIONAL

64% TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION 5% SPECIAL AREAS/ DEFENCE

UNDETERMINED USE

Source: Preliminary study on Land use analysis by Town Planning Organization, Kashmir, 2017-18

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

I. Residential Use The area under residential use is the main component of the developed area in any city or Town. The distribution of land uses reflects that residential use constitutes about 63.52% of the net developed area and 11.49% of gross LPA area. The existing net residential density in Kulgam LPA is calculated as 100 pph whereas gross density is calculated as 63 pph which is quite low. Residential area is mostly concentrated in older parts of the town and scattered low density village settlements existing in the planning area. Most of them though predominantly residential in nature are characterized by congestion, dilapidation, and absence of basic urban amenities.

Table 3.3: Existing Residential Density Sl. No. Category Population Density (in pph) 1 Net Residential Density 100 2. Gross density 63 Source: Primary Survey, Census 2011 & Calculated values. II. Commercial Use The commercial use is the most important use of the urban area. It plays a vital role in the formation of city or Town character. Commercial activity is mostly concentrated along the main roads besides some shops existing along inner link roads. It constitutes the area of about 20.05 Hectares which accounts about shares 5.38 % of the net developed area 0.97% of the gross LPA ara of Kulgam Town. It also including recently established Fruit Mandi which has boosted up the commercial character of the town. The areas around Asthan Mohalla have shown signs of invasion and succession of commercial use due to the location of hospital, district offices and Police Station in its Plate 1 Fruit Mandi Kulgam immediate vicinity.

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DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

III. Industrial Use Industrial use constitutes about 0.25% of developed land uses which is insignificant and a reflection of weak industrial base of the town. Hence as per landuse analysis secondary sector especially the non-polluting industries shall be promoted to boost up the local economy of the town.

IV. Public & Semi-public: This use comprises of the area under educational and research institutions, health institutions, social, cultural and religious buildings, Tourism infrastructure, cremation and burial grounds, Govt. /Semi Govt. offices, Govt. lands etc. As per the table of existing landuse distribution of Developed area, the total area under Public & Semi-public use is 55.53 Hectares which accounts for 14.89% to the total developed area. Under this use, educational landuse is comparatively on a higher side. Existing landuse plan of Kulgam LPA shows the spatial location of various Public & Semi-public activities, being the administrative headquarter Kulgam Town houses number of District and town level Govt. offices. District level health & Educational facilities are also concentrated in and around the Kulgam Town. Plate 2 ITI, Kulgam

V. Mixed Use Mixed Landuse is more predominant with commercial use on the ground floor and residential on the upper floors. The total area under mixed land use in the LPA is 2.33 Hectares which constitutes 0.62% of the net developed area of the Kulgam LPA. This landuse has flourished mainly along roads.

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DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

VI. Recreational Use Being located in one of the remote corners of the Kashmir Valley with purely rural background, recreational facilities especially organized open spaces are almost missing in the town. There are some sizeable spaces of vacant land in the town which could be developed as organized recreational spaces. At present only 4.05% of the net developed area which is 15.11 Hectares are dedicated to recreational use. In the whole LPA, only 0.73% of the land in the existing situation is dedicated to the recreation and leisure purposes.

VII. Traffic & Transport: This use comprises roads, bus terminal, parking areas and bridges. There is no railway facility as Kulgam Town is yet to be connected with Railway and there is no dedicated Truck terminal in Kulgam LPA. The total area covered by this use is around 9.51% of the net developed area.

Plate 4 Bus Stand Laroo Plate 3 On Street parking Main Road

VIII. Agriculture & Allied: This use comprises of the area under different activities like Horticulture, Paddy, Plantation and Scrub. Agriculture & Allied activities remain the most predominant use and the area under this category is around 1419.31 Hectares, which accounts 68.87 % of the total area of Kulgam LPA. Horticulture remains predominant activity in Kulgam LPA. Emphasis has been laid to arrest the inroads of urban sprawl over the rich horticultural fields so that the resources are used towards

economic growth of the town and its hinterland ensuring food security. Plate 5 Vegetable Fields, Kulgam

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DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

IX. Water bodies This category includes Rivers and Nallahs, engulfing the area of about 268.82 Hectares which comprises around 13.04% of the total area of Kulgam LPA. Being located in a flood prone area, special attention shall be given to conserve the waterways in and around the town so as to safeguard it from the natural calamities especially the floods of ravaging Veshaw River.

X. Defense Plate 6 River Veshaw, Kulgam This Land use category includes Defense use within the LPA, which accounts about 0.09% of the total developed area.

3.3 Incompatible/Inefficient Land Uses In-depth analysis of existing land use of the town reveals incompatible and disorganized pattern which needs to be corrected to ensure better quality urban environment. Basic contemplation in identifying these uses has been the performance characteristics of land uses and nature and harmony of uses with the surrounding areas. The incompatible uses identified are: Table 3.4: Incompatible Uses – Kulgam Town S. No. Description Location Remarks 1 Residential Around holy shrine Simnani Saheb Poor living condition Near Yaripora junction,Quazigund Junction, Kharot Traffic hazards, encroachment of roads and 2 Commercial junction, Bud Stand and Approach Road to imperfection look of the town Chamgund, Along main spine 3 Grave Yards Abutting all roads Pose problems for redevelopment and Road Widening Masjid on main road near TAC and in Chawalgam along Traffic bottlenecks and pose problems for redevelopment 4 Mosques Shopian Road and widening of roads Governmental scattered with poor Connectivity Need adequate accessibility Some schools housed In private accommodation With 5 Education Unhealthy atmosphere insufficient space 6 Slaughter House Located along Kewal Khul In residential Area Polluting the Nallah water Terminals and Inadequate space existing on right of way of the road in 7 Creates traffic related problems parking lots disorganized manner

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

Chapter – 4

(PROJECTIONS AND INFRASTRUCTURE DEMAND ANALYSIS)

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

CHAPTER 4: PROJECTIONS AND INFRASTRUCTURE DEMAND ANALYSIS

4.1 Population Projections Prediction of accurate increase in urban population of Kulgam Town is a complex task. Urban growth rates of similar size towns in the Valley during 1981-2011 decade have been analyzed. The population projection has been made by categorizing the growth trends of the urban part of the town and rural villages in the close proximity of the Town. The town has experienced sluggish growth with the villages living in its close proximity having grown at the same pace too. The comparative statement of population and growth rates of similar category towns given in the table below indicates that the Annual growth rate of Kulgam and Pattan is almost same with 7.95% and 7.21%respectively. Ganderbal has the highest growth rate of 10.58% whereas Tral is having the lowest growth rate of 5.32% annually. Table 4.1: Growth Rate of similar size Towns S. No. Town Pop in 2001 Pop in 2011 Annual Growth Rate (%)

1 Kulgam 13136 23584 7.95 2 Ganderbal 13721 28233 10.58 3 Tral 11651 17844 5.32 4 Pattan 11355 19538 7.21 Source: Census of India 2001 & 2011

Table 4.2: Population of Kulgam Town and its Growth Rate Year Population of Town Average Growth Rate 1981 8202

2001 13136 2.4 2011 23584 7.95 Source: Census of India 2001 & 2011

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DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

From the above mentioned table 4.2 it is evident that the Kulgam Town is getting urbanized very fast and hence development needs to be guided in a proper planned manner.

Table 4.3: Population and Growth rate of surrounding Villages of Kulgam Town S. No. Name of Village Population 2001 Population 2011 Annual Growth Rate (%) 1 Shurat Khalsa 131 418 21.91 2 Shurat Jagir 1520 1780 1.71 3 Challan 1147 1176 0.25 4 Lirow 756 819 0.83 5 Kharot khalsa 322 408 2.67 6 Kharot jagir 914 1080 1.82 Average Growth Rate 2.92 Source: Census of India 2001 & 2011

The above mentioned table 4.3 clearly show that some of the villages—Shurat Khalsa, Kharot Khalsa, Kharot Jagir & Shurat Jagir—have grown at a higher growth rate and are getting urbanized with a good pace. Therefore, it has been assumed that the town will pick up further growth once basic urban infrastructure is provided. Population Projections based on annual growth rate of 7.98% (Urban) and 1.86% (Rural) up to 2011 have been worked out. The net projected population for the local planning area of Kulgam town is 81,472 (73,077 Town + OG 8395). Population for the horizon period 2038 has been projected through Arithmetic, Incremental and Geometric methods. Keeping in view the growth scenario of the town, mean of all the projections have been taken as the final projected population for the horizon year. In view of the improved infrastructure as a result of the Master Plan, population growth will accelerate with improved quality of services and amenities, modernization of agriculture and horticulture resulting in migration from rural hinterland. Therefore, it can be safely assumed that the town and the outgrowths shall grow at an average growth rate of 7.98% and 1.86% respectively till

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DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

the horizon year of Master Plan i.e. 2038. So in the horizon year 2038, local planning area of Kulgam is expected to have the population of 81,472 persons within the urban sphere. Table 4.4: Population Projection Kulgam Town and Out-growths – 2038 S. No. Year Population 1 2016 35,884 2 2021 43,426 3 2026 52,201 4 2031 62,622 5 2036 75245 6 2038 81472 Source: Calculated values

Figure: 4.1 Population Projections of Kulgam Town and Outgrowth

90,000 81472 80,000 75245

70,000 62,622 60,000 52,201 50,000 43,426 40,000 35,884

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 2016 2021 2026 2031 2036 2038

Source: Census of India 2001 & 2011

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

Projected figures indicate that Kulgam is likely to attain status of Class II town by 2038. Thus, it can act as a potential growth Centre to check migration of people to Anantnag and Srinagar cities and distribute the benefits of development in the Kulgam region.

4.2 Projected Occupational Structure Occupational structure apart from reflecting economic base has spatial manifestation. Therefore, in order to assess the demand for different activities, it is necessary to project the occupational structure. The Information on the occupational structure with respect to 1971, 1981, 2001 and 2011 Census data show continuous evolution in the economic base of the town. Table 4.5: Work Force Participation 1971-2011 Total Marginal Total Year Population Main Workers % Workers % workers % Non-Workers % 1971 6369 1796 28.20 4573 71.80 1981 8202 2546 31.04 473 5.77 3019 36.81 5183 63.19 2001 13136 3415 26.00 1094 8.33 4509 34.33 8627 65.67 2011 23584 5768 24.46 3674 15.58 9442 40.04 14142 59.96 Source: Census of India 1971, 1981, 2001, 2011

The Work Force Participation Rate (WFPR) of Kulgam town has increased from 28.20% in 1971 to 40.04% in 2011. During 1981 to 2001 it slightly declined which can mainly be attributed to the political instability within the region. Even though the work force participation rate is on the lower side but the figures indicate economic momentum in the town after it was declared as District Headquarter. The occupational structure of the town in 1971, 1981, 2001 and 2011 reveals that tertiary sector has expanded significantly whereas Primary sector has recorded a decline. This increase in tertiary sector can be attributed largely to establishment of various Government Offices and the growth of informal sector however, secondary sector has persistently shown a decreasing trend. The share of industrial sector has not improved even after providing industrial belt near Laro.

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

Figure: 4.2 Projected Occupational Structure 2038

120.00%

100.00%

80.00% 35.52% 54.61% 55% 52% 64.03% 58% 75.34% 60.00% 14.19%

2.69% 3% 40.00% 4% 13% 11.90% 50.29% 5.83% 42.70% 42% 20.00% 38% 35% 24.07% 18.83% 0.00% 1971 1981 2001 2011 2021 2031 2038

Primary Sector Secondary Sector Tertiary Sector

Source: Census of India Reports

WFPR will continue to increase during the Plan period due to new focus on integrated development. Occupational structure of the town has been forecasted based on the standards prescribed in the Urban Development Plan Formation and Implementation (UDPFI) guidelines, the policy of the Master Plan with respect to different sectors of the similar towns and land requirements for different activities in the town have been accordingly worked out. Secondary sector has been given special impetus in the land use plan which is expected to grow from 2.69% in 2011 to 13% during the horizon year. Industrial and Manufacturing land use has been increased to 31.9 Hectares of proposed net developed area which accounts about 4% of the land use. Prime agricultural and horticultural land has been conserved to safeguard the production of cash crops in the Kulgam as it is also one of the main sources of the economy in the town.

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

4.3 Housing In 1981, Kulgam town had 916 houses including shop-cum-dwelling and residences providing shelter to 8202 persons (1225 households). The figures increased to 13136 persons and 2767 households in 2001. The occupancy rate was 8.95 persons and 1.33 household per house in 1981. The primary survey has shown the predominance of medium/large size families in the town indicating higher occupancy rate and acute stress on housing facilities in the town. The occupancy rate being higher reflects even though the housing sector has expanded in the town but growth rate of housing has been exceeded by the growth of population.

4.3.1 Residential Density The Gross Residential Density of Kulgam works out to be 18 persons per hectare whereas net density works out to be 152 pph. However, greater variations in density are found among different village settlements. High density areas of Greater Kulgam are congested with inadequate urban amenities and appropriate measures need to be taken for improving living conditions in these areas. Besides this, newly developing areas are experiencing leap-frog development devouring rich agricultural hinterland. With a major chunk of people working in agriculture and allied activities, it is imperative to restrict the urban sprawl of the town and introduce ‘smart growth’ in town development. This will result in compact growth and efficient economies of scale in infrastructure provision. However, physical development of the town has to be scaled to suitability in compatibility to local geographical conditions.

4.3.2 Condition of Structures  The data collected by Town Planning Organization during socio-economic and land use survey indicates that large number of structures in Kulgam is in dilapidated condition. The structural condition of houses reveals that three distinctive types of houses exist.  Structurally poor houses having thatched roofs constituting about 7.4 per cent.

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DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

 Houses with satisfactory structural conditions constituting about 8.6 per cent in the town are built up of burnt bricks either in cement or mud mortar with corrugated tin roofs.  The good condition structural houses constitute 67.5 per cent of the total houses in the town. Structurally poor dwellings comprising around 9.93 per cent in the town and peripheral villages have deteriorated living conditions and need retrofitting or reconstruction.

4.3.3 Urban Villages The peripheral village settlements which have been incorporated in the Local Area of Greater Kulgam are going to be part of the Urban Area during the process of its expansion. At present these settlements do not conform to any urban character and need an Action Plan aimed for the provision of basic urban amenities and efficient linkages with the main town.

Characteristics of Urban Environment i. About 10 per cent of houses are in dilapidated conditions may need improvement or redevelopment. ii. Approach roads are missing in most of the area and some existing approach roads are narrow and circuitous; iii. Disposal of solid waste generated in the town is inadequate and in some parts of the town it directly drains into nallahs passing through the town; iv. Organized open spaces are almost missing in the town; v. Significant proportions of households use water from Kewal Khul and other rivulets for domestic use.

4.3.4 Housing Demand by 2038 In the absence of information regarding vital component of housing, assessment of future housing demand is difficult. In view of this, the statistics available has been supplemented by the information collected through primary survey to assess the housing demand of Kulgam town by 2038. In 1981, the population of town was 8202 with 916 residential houses and 1225 households indicating a household size of 1.33 per house and 8.95 persons per household. The population of the town increased to 23584 in 2011 with 4106 households. However, the primary survey conducted by Town Planning Organisation, Kashmir reflects that the

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

household size in the main town is almost 6.0 persons. Primary surveys also indicate that joint family system is slowly being replaced by the nuclear families. In the main town about 25.44 per cent families are nuclear (less than 5 persons family), 61.27 per cent medium (5-9 persons) and only 13.29 per cent are large (above 9 persons). Besides the Primary Survey also depicted that 7.42 per cent residential houses in proper town are structurally weak/dilapidated. Master Plan has taken note of housing shortage in totality i.e. future need in view of increase in population and demand due to dilapidation/up gradation. Consistent with National Housing Policy, housing for all is the basic objective of the Master Plan, Kulgam. Housing demand has been worked out in table 4.6.

Table 4.6: Housing Demand – Kulgam town – 2038 Year Total HH Size Housing Demand due to Concealed demand @ Total Demand Population adopted@6 Dilapidation 5% 2011 23584 4106 154 205 359 2016 35884 5981 - 299 6639 2021 43426 7238 - 362 7600 2026 52201 8700 - 435 9135 2031 62622 10437 - 522 10959 2036 75245 12541 - 627 13168 2038 81472 13579 - 679 14258

Source: 1. Census records. 2. Estimated Figures 3. Based on Primary Survey Figures Assumption made on the basis of aspiration changes, time factor and Economic development based on assumed household size of 5 persons

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DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

4.4 Social Infrastructure, Utilities and Services

4.4.1 Educational Facilities Greater Kulgam has 7 Primary Schools, 5 Senior Secondary Schools, 2 Higher Secondary Schools, 1College and 1 ITI. Almost all these educational institutions are located in the main town and cater to the residents of Kulgam. One Academic College and ITI are also located within town limits but cater to the regional area. Primary Schools are housed in rented residential accommodation without any provision for recreation, play field and adequate arrangements. Kulgam has a College and ITI located in close proximity of main central business district (CBD) connected by the main corridor of Kulgam — Anantnag Road while as ITI is located along Chahlan Road also off-shooting Plate 7 Higher Secondary School, Kulgam from the main corridor. These important institutions need to be connected with all destinations without congesting CBD.

4.4.2 Medical Facilities Kulgam town being the district headquarters has a full-fledged District Hospital with modern healthcare facilities. As per the details provided by the Chief Medical Officer, one community Health Centre is functioning in Govt. building having its OPD block under construction. In addition has two sub-centers function in rental buildings. With the establishment of community Health Centre, specialized medical treatment facility is expected to pick up face for the entire district. At present people come down to Kulgam from different parts of the district for general treatment. However, the town still lacks Plate 8 District Hospital, Kulgam facility for advanced medical aid.

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

4.4.3 Slaughter House There has been a phenomenal increase in the animal slaughter in the town. This increase could be due to increase in the urban activity by establishment of different offices, restaurants and also growth of population in the town and its neighboring areas. But at present town does not have adequate slaughtering facilities. Existing slaughter house is located in dense residential settlement on the bank of Kewal Khul (Tributary of Veshaw) making the Khul vulnerable. This low capacity and un-hygienic utility needs to be replaced and upgraded.

4.4.4 Fire Station At present Kulgam town has one fire station located within the core area. The fire tenders available in the existing fire station are inadequate to cater to the needs of the town and its surrounding settlements. In the absence of fire hydrants, which are important for the efficient firefighting operations, water from different nallahs is used /tapped in case of fire disaster. The seasonal variation of discharge in these nallahs, especially low discharge in winter makes firefighting operation difficult. Therefore, appropriate firefighting facility with modern infrastructure needs to be provided in Kulgam to make firefighting operation well-organized in the town. Besides, the facility has to be available within a radius of three km from each settlement.

4.4.5 Police Station The town is served by three Police Stations of different levels located within Notified Area Limits of Kulgam. The District Headquarter Police Line is located at Kulgam-Kharot Road ahead of D.C. Office. To maintain law and order in newly delineated town limits of Greater Kulgam, these Police Stations are insufficient. Hence, new Police Stations need to be established keeping in view the anticipated expansion of the town and isolated urban villages integrated into town limits.

4.4.6 Post and Telegraph Offices There is only one post Office in the Kulgam town. The Post and Telegraphic Office located in Kulgam serve both the town as well as settlements located in its surrounding areas. The sub-post office is housed in a private building. A large number of private

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

STD/ISD/Internet Cafe facilities have recently come up. This privatization of telecommunication shall lessen the burden on telegraphic facilities which are further expected to lessen with the introduction of internet facilities.

4.4.7 Commercial Facilities The field observation revealed that the organized commercial facilities are inadequate resulting in continuous conversion of residential into commercial use. The residences along the major roads are rapidly getting converted into commercial use with first and 2nd floors used for office purposes. The main corridors are inadequate having very little room for expansion or widening. Also due to the mounting strain of commercial activities, road space is continuously being encroached upon by shopkeepers and street vendors. Adequate facilities for street vendors for carrying out their business activities honorably have to be provided through an Action Plan preferably to be Plate 9 Main market, Kulgam prepared at priority basis on the basis of street vendor policy.

4.4.8 Wholesale Market Town used to have no organized wholesale market for fruit and vegetables. Due to establishment of Fruit Mandi along Quazigund Road, the wholesale shops (mixed with the retail shops) have started shifting to other means of earnings. By providing Wholesale market facility the traffic problems have been mitigated to some extent.

Plate 10 Fruit Mandi, Kulgam

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

4.4.9 Socio-Cultural Institutions There are no significant socio-cultural facilities except the Town Hall located near Kahervat junction. In view of dearth of these facilities provision has to be made in the Master Plan.

4.4.10 Sewerage and Drainage Like other towns of Kashmir, Kulgam doesn’t have a proper sewerage network with effluents directly draining into different nallahs, depressions and agricultural/horticultural fields, resulting in unhygienic conditions. Kewal Khul draining through town carries most of the wastewater resulting in pollution. Significant number of households in Kulgam town use open toilet system which too has resulted into poor residential environment. A limited number of houses in the town have their own septic tanks but collective disposal and treatment is in existent. Therefore, it is essential to provide an appropriate sewerage system as the town is growing and it is impossible to improve sanitary conditions of the town without the provision of sewerage and drainage Plate 11 Ravaging Veshaw network. Being the District Headquarter town, people in large number commute to Kulgam for different activities but the town is devoid of community latrine especially at busy public places.

4.4.11 Storm Water/Drainage The topography of the Kulgam is such that the rain water flows mostly towards south-east of the town. The southern part of the town comes under the catchment area of river Veshaw while the western parts come under catchment area of Sonamum nallah. In some areas of the Kulgam Pacca and Semi-Pacca drains have been constructed on road sides which carry rain water and domestic waste to different nallahs/streams. However, most parts of the town have not been provided adequate surface

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

drainage system. But due to soil character and its gradient towards east, the water does not get stagnated and drains out quickly.

4.4.12 Solid Waste Disposal Solid waste generated in the town is collected manually and disposed off into different Nallahs, vacant spaces and agricultural fields. As such heaps of solid waste is found stacked along roadsides, in ditches and open spaces. At present town is virtually without any appropriate dumping site. In the absence of any specific site in the town local dumping sites become breathing grounds for stray cattle and dogs with ominous impact on environment of the town which become continued source of nuisance to the town inhabitants. The Municipal Committee, Kulgam has insufficient sweepers/solid waste disposal squad both men and machinery taking care of solid waste disposal having sizeable magnitude of waste generated. It lacks facilities like Garbage Containers, modern machinery for maintaining the hygiene of the town. Therefore, adequate arrangements need to be made to improve environmental conditions of the town, as per the guidelines of Solid Waste Management Handling Act, 1998, Ministry of Urban Development and Poverty Alleviation, Government of India.

4.4.13 Recreational Facilities Recreational facilities in Kulgam town are missing with only one playfield located along District Development Commissioner’s Office near Kewal Khul. The approach to play field is through the core town with limited space. There is hardly any organized public open space/district park within the existing town limits although small open spaces are somehow present but do not cater to the needs of the town inhabitants.

Plate 12 Mini Stadium, Kulgam

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

4.4.14 Water Supply The existing water supply system of Kulgam has spring at Laroo namely Fresnad and Sonamum nallah as its main sources. The water from these sources is supplied without any treatment and is inadequate even for the present population of the town. Public Health Engineering Department claims that it supplies about 70 litres/capita/day in Kulgam. The inadequacy in water supply is met by water abstractions from different Nallahs. Presently the water supply to the town is without filtration plant however, one Rapid Sand Filtration Plant of 0.90 MGD is going to be functional. The situation of water supply in urban villages of Greater Kulgam is quite depressing as most of these areas do not have continuous water supply or are devoid of such facility.

4.4.15 Electric Power Kulgam town is served by electric power distribution network which receives power through two grid stations — Wanpow 2*70 MVA and at Kulgam 2*20 MVA. There are nine (09) receiving stations supplying power at 11 KV level in the Kulgam District. At present there are about 1920 residential, 55 industrial and 433 commercial connections and 40 state and centre Governmental connections. The average power supply in the town at present is not satisfactory with almost load shedding during winter season. At present around 34237 no. electric connections in the district and about 525 lakhs revenue generated which is almost 5 times more than what was generated in 2007-2008. At present a work shop for repairs of transformers is established, however inadequate for day to day demand, therefore, needs augmentation/up gradation.

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

Chapter – 5

(PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS)

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

CHAPTER 5: PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS

5.1 Proposals A thorough study in respect of land use pattern, traffic and transportation, housing, amenities and facilities, regional analysis and other aspects contained in foregoing chapters reflects many significant problems and also opportunities available for suitable development of Kulgam town. Guiding factors for the formulation of Master Plan for Greater Kulgam are as under:

 Systematic dispersal of town level shopping facilities to relieve congestion in the existing town centre;  Stipulation of proper circulation system which will enable the regional traffic to by-pass the town;  Development of administrative Centre to accommodate the State/Regional level public and semi-public offices;  Establishment of wholesale Market which will act as ‘collection and distribution Centre’ for the hinterland of the town with numerous resources;  Facilitating the establishment of Small Scale and Agro-based industrial units;  Ensure healthy and aesthetic urban environment through: (a) Provision of adequate portable water supply for entire town; (b) Efficient sewerage system and surface drainage system for entire area; (c) Provision of street lighting; (d) Development of Urban landscape of Kulgam Town; (e) Provision of appropriate sanitation and waste disposal facilities.  Development of Housing Sites to cater to the present deficiency and future housing demand. 5.2 Urbanisable Limits by 2038 The existing urban spread of the town consists of six rural settlements which accommodate about 5681 persons with the spread mostly concentrated along the main corridor of Anantnag - Ahrabal Road and other roads radiating from the town. Master Plan envisaging planned development of the town for a period of about 20 years has to anticipate how to accommodate the projected population of 81,472 by 2038. The future development of Kulgam town -- administrative headquarter of the district -- cannot be

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

restricted within the existing urban limits. It is for this purpose that Greater Kulgam area has been identified and delineated and forms the Planning Area for the formulation of master plan for Kulgam. Over the years the urban sprawl of Kulgam town has extended beyond Municipal limits and a number of peripheral villages have started experiencing transformation to urban landscape reflected in the population growth rates. It is necessary to annex these villages into urbanisable limits bringing them within the purview of Master Plan-2038. Planning area of Kulgam has been forecasted to meet these objectives for future growth of the town during the horizon period. The delineated Planning Area contains 5 Village settlements, besides the existing Municipal Limits of the Kulgam Town given in the table 5.1. The detailed list of the villages of Greater Kulgam is given in Annexure ‘A’. Table 5.1: Planning Area – Kulgam (2038) North Villages of Sangus, Kharot, Tsansar Shurat West Villages of Lirow East Villages of Shurat Khalsa, Shurat Jagir, Larro. South Villages of Challan, Amnoo, 5.3 Planning Zones Master Plan envisages organized activity centre to serve the town as well as the hinterland. It will be supported by corresponding activity centers in the Planning Zones. The Master Plan for Greater Kulgam has been conceived on the basis of self-sustained Planning use zones. Each of the Planning zones will function as a single unit in respect of local level facilities and amenities. However, some of the amenities shall have larger area of concern which may function as town and regional level amenities. Planning Area has been divided into seven Planning Zones. Zone C would represent CBD and six other zones as self-sustained zones around it. In addition, the scattered urban villages existing in the Local Area Limits are proposed to be regulated as per zoning regulations. The details of Planning Zones are given in table 5.2 and zone-wise population is given in table 5.3

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

Table 5.2: Description of Planning Zones Planning Zone Location Predominant Use A Area between Anantnag road and Kharot Road Residential ,Government and Industrial

B Kharot Road and Tsansar Road Agriculture, PSP and Residential C C.B.D {Town} Residential, Commercial and PSP D Tsansar Road and Chahlan Road Agriculture, Residential, Medical and Education E Chalan road and Chamgund Road Residential, recreational and Agriculture F Chamgund Road and Amnoo Road Medical, Residential and Recreational G Amnoo Road and Anantnag Road Integrated Freight complex, Commercial and Residential Source: Primary Survey Table 5.3: Proposed Zone-wise distribution of population Planning Zone Area in Hectare Area in Percentage A 495.168 24.03 B 398.305 19.33 C 96.5055 4.68 D 177.114 8.59 E 329.738 16.00 F 290.289 14.09 G 273.835 13.29 Total 2060.9545 100.00 Source: Primary Survey & Calculated Values 5.4 Major considerations regarding proposed land use distribution The proposed urban structure of Kulgam town has been conceived by giving emphasis on improving level of amenities and services to cater not only the town population but also the region and the salient features are; - Provision of higher order commercial, cultural, recreational and institutional facilities;

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

- Provision of wholesale, commercial use as well as warehousing and small scale industries meant to serve floating and town population; - Strengthening of industrial sector will help in the creation of productive employment and strengthen the frail economic base; - The area under circulation and road infrastructure including parking and terminal facilities has to be increased due to corresponding increase in trade and commerce and industrial growth; - 52.61 per cent of the proposed developed area has been earmarked for residential use; - Master Plan of Greater Kulgam is proposed to expand its limits to an area of 2060.95 hectares of land, out of which land proposed to be developed is 815.76 hectares (39.58%) and the remaining land of 1245.19 (60.42%) hectares of undeveloped use shall remain under cultivation, plantation, water bodies, buffers (River- 200 mtr. and Water canal- 5 mtr.) & orchards. The developed land is proposed to be increased from 368.08 hectares to 815.76 hectares for the year 2038 constituting 39.58 per cent of total proposed area. Table 5.4: Proposed Land use Structure of Kulgam - 2038 Existing Proposed S.No. Land use Area Percentage Area Percentage 1 Residential 236.80 11.49 426.69 20.70 2 Commercial 20.05 00.97 32.85 01.59 3 Industrial and manufacture 00.94 00.05 31.90 01.55 4 Public & semipublic 55.53 02.69 98.85 04.80 5 Mixed use 02.33 00.11 29.76 01.44 6 Recreational & open spaces 15.11 00.73 38.52 01.87 7 Traffic and transportation 35.45 01.72 155.72 07.56 8 Agriculture & allied 1419.31 68.87 929.82 45.12 9 Water bodies 268.82 13.04 315.37 15.30 10 Special area/ defense 01.87 00.09 01.47 00.07 11 Undetermined 04.74 00.23 - - TOTAL 2060.95 100.00 2060.95 100.00 Source: Primary Survey & Calculated Values

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

Table 5.5: Gross Proposed Landuse Structure of Kulgam S.No. Landuse Area Percentage 1 Residential 426.69 20.70 2 Commercial 32.85 01.59 3 Industrial & Manufacturing 31.90 01.55 4 Public & Semi Public 98.85 04.80 5 Mixed Use 29.76 01.44 6 Recreational 38.52 01.87 7 Traffic & Transportation 155.72 07.56 8 Agriculture and allied 929.82 45.12 9 Water bodies 315.37 15.30 10 Defense 01.47 00.07 Total 2060.95 100.00 Source: Primary Survey & Calculated Values

Table 5.6: Net Proposed Landuse Structure (Developed Area) of Kulgam

S.No. Landuse Area Percentage 1 Residential 426.69 52.31

2 Commercial 32.85 04.03 3 Industrial & Manufacturing 31.90 03.91 4 Public & Semi Public 98.85 12.12 5 Mixed Use 29.76 03.64 6 Recreational 38.52 04.72

7 Traffic & Transportation 155.72 19.09 8 defense 01.47 00.18 Total 815.76 100.00 Source: Primary Survey & Calculated Values.

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

Figure: 5.1 Proposed Land Use 2038

1% AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED Commecial DEFENCE 15% Industrial & Manufacturing 8% Recreational 45% Public & Semi Public 21% Residential 2% Traffic & Transportation Waterbodies 5% Mixed Use 2% 1%

Figure: 5.2 Proposed Net Developed Area 2038 4% 4% Commecial

Defence 4% 4% Industrial & Manufacturing 19% 12% Recreational

Public & Semi Public

Residential 53% Traffic & Transportation

Mixed Use

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

5.5 Residential Use For the projected population of 81,472 persons the total area required over the next 20 years for urban development is forecasted to be 815.76 hectares, out of which 426.69 hectares (52.31%) are earmarked for residential development against 236.8 hectares available at present. The residential area constitutes roughly 52.31 per cent of the proposed developed area with average gross residential density of 191 persons per hectare.

5.5.1 Proposed Residential Density Population density as envisaged in the Kulgam Master Plan-2038 would vary from low of 120 PPH, medium density 121 – 180 PPH, high medium density 181-240 PPH and high density 240 PPH. Planning zone ‘E’ and ‘F’ are proposed to be developed as high density areas with provision of row housing, planning zone ‘A’, ‘D’ and ‘G’ as medium density areas and Planning Zone ‘B’ as low density areas. Planning zone ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘E’ have horticulture as predominant use with village settlements which are envisaged to be developed in compact manner to deter the accelerated conversion of horticulture land into urban uses. The Proposed Gross Residential Density of Kulgam works out to be 40 persons per hectare whereas net residential density works out to be 191 pph. Table 5.7: Area under Proposed Residential Density Sl. No. Category Density Adopted (in pph) Area in Hectare 1 HDR 240 60.12 2 MHDR 181-240 123.64 3 MDR 121-180 82.08 4 LDR 120 160.85 Total 426.69 Source: Primary Survey & Calculated values.

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

Table 5.8: Proposed Residential Density Sl. No. Category Population Density (in pph) 1 Net Residential Density 191 2. Gross density 40 Source: Primary Survey, Census 2011 & Calculated values.

5.5.2 Proposed residential Neighborhoods i. Area in-between Anantnag – Kulgam and Kulgam-Kharot road covering Mini secretariat, Police lines, residential settlement of Laro and Horticulture/Agricultural fields; ii. Area in-between Kharot road and Tsansar -Kulgam road including Higher Secondary school, town hall village settlements of Chawalgam, Tsansar and horticulture/Agriculture fields; iii. Core area mostly located along only radial street/corridor acting as Central Business District with all major town level facilities/amenities with high density population consisting of Planning Zone ‘C’; iv. Area in-between Tsansar Road road and Chahlan Road covering areas of Tourist Dak Banglow, ITI and Boys Higher Secondary; v. Areas falling in-between Chahlan road and Chamgund road, consisting of residential settlements of Village Chatabal and horticulture/Agriculture fields; vi. Area in-between Chamgund Road and Quazigund Road covering areas of District Hospital and residential settlements of Amnoo; vii. Includes areas of Fruit Mandi, Bus Stand and residential settlements of Village Larro and Amnoo;

5.6 Housing Proposals The main objective of the housing policy for Kulgam town is not only to meet the housing demand by 2038 but also to improve the residential environment. Master Plan lays emphasis to catch up with the housing problem through: i. J&K Housing Board Planning and setting standards for colonies and contributing about 25% of the housing supply by 2038; ii. Effective private sector and co-operative societies participation in the housing sector at town level;

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

iii. Awareness among the private sector to cash on to the housing incentives launched by central government for providing housing to urban poor.

Besides, the Master Plan also recommends classification of priorities in dealing with different income groups. Out of the total demand 17,831 dwelling units by 2038, income category-wise demand would be as under with the provision of cross-subsidies etc: Table 5.9: Category-wise Income Groups Income Group Share of Percentage No. of Dwelling units

HIG 20 3566

MIG 30 5349

LIG 25 4458

EWS 25 4458

Main considerations in housing planning for Greater Kulgam are:

 Making available appropriate land by Government agencies at affordable prices in Planning Zones A, B, E and F.

 Identification of urban poor e.g. beneficiaries to ensure housing for all by extending benefits under different housing and environment development projects to be prepared in light of the master plan proposals.

 Easy access to housing finance.

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

5.7 Commercial Use

5.7.1 Retail and Wholesale Commercial establishments have mostly come up along major roads radiating from the town violating frontage, setbacks, ground coverage and provision for adequate parking space. Thus the commercial establishments along main roads and close to activity centers will get dislocated wherever necessary and need to be rehabilitated in an organized manner, almost (5 per cent) of shopping needs in the town are met by mobile shops (Redha Walas)/Street Vendors moving from place to place or around major activity areas creating multiple problems. In view of the above, Master Plan proposes to provide commercial facilities including both retail as well as wholesale, warehousing and vegetable/Fruit Mandi adjacent to Regional Bus Terminal/truck terminal in Planning zone G. The Master Plan also envisages the provision of hierarchy of commercial centers at different settlement levels like cluster, neighborhood and sector/district level so that higher order commercial centers cater to specialized needs of the population. Accordingly, distribution of such commercial centers at various levels has been worked out and indicated in the landuse plan. Master Plan envisages commercial facilities occupying an area of 32.85 hectares with its disposal shown in the proposed landuse Plan. It is also proposed that existing shopping in core town along main spine will work as Central/District Shopping.

5.7.2 Integrated Fright Complex The resource base of the Kulgam town warrants the provision of Integrated Fright Complex for wholesale commercial activities with facilities for collection and distribution of agricultural and horticultural products. Master Plan has recommended that wholesale commercial activities should cover substantial part of the area occupied by commercial activity. In view of this Master Plan proposes to develop a wholesale grain/vegetable market in the town in Planning zone G and has earmarked more land in addition to the already developed Fruit Mandi for wholesale trade activities on Kulgam-Quazigund road in Planning zone G. In addition, wholesale vegetable market is proposed on Chatabal road also.

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

5.7.3 Informal Sector People thrown out of agricultural activity get engaged in the informal sector which has been an important issue of physical planning. In the context of Greater Kulgam where Master Plan proposes development for a horizon period of 18 years the primary sector will further reduce its population of the work force. Besides, town being administrative headquarter, the share of unemployed skilled/unskilled people may thus enlarge the informal sector. Thus, planning for informal sector activities, the aspects of prime consideration shall be:

i. Making space available for such type of activities in the form of Sunday Market, morning/evening vegetable and other bazaars at vantage points consistent with Street Vendor Policy; ii. Provide in-built mechanism for space adjacent or in the major activity centres including terminal centres, industrial estates, administrative centres, and even in major commercial centres iii. Introduction of different self-employment schemes to eradicate unemployment

It is strongly recommended that the Municipal Committee Kulgam shall prepare a Detailed Project Report (DPR) in line with the guidelines prescribed in the National Policy on Street Vendors-2007 for rehabilitation of street vendors and identify areas for activities being carried out by them.

5.8 Public and Semi-public Uses

(A) Health and Education Facilities Master Plan proposes various types of health facilities. The acquisition of land for this purpose is to be made except for the District Hospital/Intermediate Hospital (B) which has already been done. One Intermediate Hospital (A) needs to be provided as Kulgam being the District Headquarter has to cater to the needs of the region. The Maternity Hospital/Nursing Home is proposed to be developed in planning zone D. Land needs to be acquired for Primary health Centers, Dispensaries, Children and T.B. Hospital. Out of the above Primary Health Centers and Dispensaries are proposed

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

to be developed in cluster centers in various neighbourhoods to make them accessible to general public. The land requirement for various health facilities along with bed facilities is given as under: Table 5.10: Proposed Healthcare facilities in Greater Kulgam for Horizon period up to 2038 S. Area Future Land Requirements Particulars Standard Existing Backlog No. (Ha.) Requirement (Hac.) 1 General Hospital 500 Bed Capacity 6 1.0 0 1 6.0 200 Beds/1 Lac 2 Intermediate Hospital (A) 3.7 1 0.0 1 3.7 Pop 80 Beds/ 1 Lac 3 Intermediate Hospital (B) 1 1 1 0 1.0 Pop 4 Poly Clinic 1 per 1 Lac Pop 0.03 1 0 1 0.03 Nursing Home/Maternity 30 Beds/1 per 5 0.3 2 0 2 0.6 Centre 45000 Total area 11.03 6.00 1.00 5.00 11.33

(B) Educational Facilities Master Plan for Greater Kulgam proposes to provide adequate infrastructure with a hierarchy of educational institutions. The projected student population of Greater Kulgam makes it imperative to revitalize the existing educational infrastructure and education system in Greater Kulgam. Senior Secondary schools and Integrated schools would serve not only the student population of Kulgam town but also the rural areas located in the region. Therefore, provision for Secondary school and integrated schools has been worked out after assuming that percentage of student population of the respective age group of the region that will come to Kulgam for education. While providing for the educational facilities in the town, due care has been given to female education. A Women’s College and Girls’ Higher Secondary School are proposed along Chahlan Road which is connected to the parallel corridor along River Veshaw reducing stress on the main arterial road.

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

Professional institutions are of paramount importance to alleviate the problems of unemployment and development. In the Master Plan, provisions for professional institutions have been made to produce more skilled manpower. One Polytechnic college has been proposed to be established in the town to impart professional education to people of Kulgam and in its region. Overall about 29.88 Hectares of land has been earmarked in the Land Use Plan – 2038 for the provision of various educational facilities in the town, in addition to the land provided in nodal facilities. Land has also been earmarked for an engineering college as the town will be attractive for the setting up of engineering college in the region on the periphery of the town. Table 5.11: Requirement of Educational Facilities during Horizon period up to 2038 Land Area Future S. No. Particulars Standard Existing Backlog Requirements (Hac.) Requirement (Hac.) 1 Pre-Primary 1 per 2500 0.1 24. 0 24 2.08 2 Primary 500/school 0.4 23 Nos. 7 16 8.32 3 Senior Secondary 1 per 7500 pop 1.6 7 Nos. 5 2 11.09 Integrated School (Hr. 4 1 per 90,000 3.5 1 Nos. 2 -1 3.50 Sec. Sc.) Integrated School with 5 1000-1500 Students 3.9 1 0 1 3.9 Hostel School For 6 400 Students/45000 Pop 0.5 1 0 1 0.5 Handicapped 7 College 1000-1500/1 Lac Pop 4 1 1 0 4 500 Students/ 10 Lac 8 ITIs’ 1.6 1 1 0 1.6 Pop 400 Students/ 10 Lac 9 Polytechnic 2.4 1 0 1 2.4 Pop 10 Engineering College 1500-1700 students 30 1 0 1 30 Total land allocation 67.39 Source: Calculated Values, Primary & Secondary Survey.

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DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

It is proposed that the existing 3 middle Schools should be converted into Higher Secondary Schools besides the provision for one more Women’s College, 1 No. Professional college has been proposed in planning zone ‘D’ and ‘E’.

5.9 Socio-cultural Facilities

(A) Community Facilities Kulgam like other District Headquarter towns has to provide for a range of community facilities at local and regional level. Community facilities being very essential for the welfare of community life have been given paramount importance in the formulation of Master Plan, Kulgam. The Plan, besides taking note of existing inadequacies in terms of location, space, nature and quality of these facilities has taken into consideration growing needs and level of requirement of different order facilities. About 1.64 per cent area accounting 33.85 hectares has been earmarked for various community facilities and 58.91 hectares accounting 2.85 % for utilities and services including Health, Education, Parks and Play grounds, Fire and Police Stations, Post Offices Community Centre Slaughter House Auditorium and others.

(B) Community Hall Master Plan proposes 4 no. Community Halls/Libraries comprising of marriage hall and a reading room/Library in planning zones B and E. Land has been earmarked for Community Halls for marriages and other gatherings in each sector. In addition 12 community rooms are proposed which would be established in the cluster centers.

(C) Recreational Club Master Plan proposes one recreational club and music, dance and drama centre in the town and has earmarked land near the D.C. Office in zone E. The D.C office and other Govt. offices in planning zone E are proposed to be phased out and proposed in planning zone ‘A’.

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

(D) Cluster Centres In order to take care of cluster level facilities, Master Plan proposes to develop cluster centers in each residential cluster. Facilities and amenities like Post office, Police post, Fire station, dispensary, community rooms, Water storage tanks and other public facilities are proposed to be developed.

(E) Recreational Facilities For the provision of active recreational facilities different standards have been adopted to suit the local conditions of Kulgam town. Master Plan proposes active open spaces in the shape of Cluster Park (s), Neighborhood Park (s), Community Park (s) and a District Park with in the local area of the Town. Land at the rate of 1.4 hectare per 1000 population has been adopted for working out the total land under recreational use. About 33.85 hectares of land amounting about 4.17 per cent of the total developed area is proposed for development of recreational facilities. The active recreational spaces would be provided in the hierarchical order given below:

(a). Cluster Park Master Plan envisages development of town with self-sustained neighborhoods, cluster parks are proposed to be provided for considering a standard of one cluster park/2500 population and having an area @ 1.4 ha/1000 pop. Therefore, each neighborhood accommodating 7000 population may need at least 3 such cluster parks per neighborhood. This provision has also been made for existing residential areas. It is proposed that cluster parks have to be provided in different settlements in the Municipal Committee and urban villages.

(b). Neighborhood Park Master Plan envisages provision of neighborhood parks in each neighborhood, therefore, 7 neighborhood parks are proposed to be developed catering to the population in each neighborhood. Standard adapted for arriving at the total

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

area has been worked out on 1.4 hectare /1000 Population and population accommodated in each neighborhood is 7000 persons.

(c). Community Park Master Plan envisages the provision of community parks in each sector, community parks are proposed to be developed catering to the population in each sector. Standard adapted for arriving at the total area has been worked out on 1.4 hectares /1000 Population and population accommodated in each community is 17500 persons.

(d). District Park Master Plan also proposes to provide one district park for active as well as passive recreation. District Park shall cater to the needs of the town population and commuting population as well. All kinds of recreation facilities in terms of child play, jogging strips and other necessary equipment used for health club. Provision for parking and restaurant is also envisaged in the plan.

(e). Play fields Apart from tot-lots, provision for playfields has also been made in the Master Plan. Mini-playfields are recommended for each neighborhood with an area of 1 acre for each playfield. Therefore, playfields are proposed to be developed in Kulgam town in addition to the existing playfield along Chamgund Road.

(f). Stadium/Sports centre A stadium located on Chamgund Road already exists in Kulgam town in planning zone F, but has limited space for organized multi-sports activities. An area of not less than 25 hectares is proposed to be provided for multipurpose sports activity. The sports stadium is proposed in planning zone F. Inbuilt provision for adequate parking, guest house, restaurant and indoor games has been envisaged in the plan.

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

(g). Development of Endowment Area Master Plan also taking a look at the potentials of natural endowment areas existing in the town and its surrounding envisages development of these areas for making the town aesthetically pleasant and creating small picnic spots along River Veshaw on parallel alternate corridor.

(h). River Front River front is proposed to be developed along the Veshaw River and Kewal Khul. The area in the environs of Veshaw and Kewal Khul have not only polluted its waters by disposal of waste water, but also destroyed their landscape. To save these water bodies from the onslaught of urbanization, a 200 feet (200 feet) buffer along both banks of River Veshaw is proposed while as along the Kewal Khul and other nallahs, a buffer of 5 meters is also envisaged in the Plan.

(i). Plantation Area The embankments of the different rivers/streams flowing through the town are proposed to be developed as plantation areas, besides the slopes in south of the town is also proposed to be developed as Plantation areas to check soil erosion and enhance the scenic beauty of the area. The buffers around the Veshaw and other natural streams will have suitable plantation ensuring that it is economically useful also and is not encroached by the locals.

5.10 Water Supply Kulgam has abundance of fresh water resources but water supply to most of the inhabited areas in the town is inadequate. Majority of the population are forced to use water directly from the different nallahs and springs which is detrimental to health. Taking into account inadequacies and anticipated increase in population and better living conditions in years to come, it becomes imperative to explore alternative sources of portable water supply to the town. Kulgam town which will have a population of 81,472 by 2038 is proposed to supply water at the rate of135 litres/capita/day. For the estimated population the

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

total requirement of water works out to be 1.5 million gallons per day by the end of plan period. This includes the water requirements for hospitals, offices, educational institutions, hotels/restaurants and fire services. Presently water is supplied from the two sources one is spring at Lirow namely Fresnad and secondly from Sonamum nallah near Nehama to the residents of Kulgam and population living in Chatabal Punipora and partly to Village Laro. The Public Health Engineering department proposes to augment water supply through:

1. Source of scheme Tonri Nallah near Motergam to new filtration plant at Kalren. 2. New Rapid Sand Filtration Plant at Kakren near old plant. 3. Service reservoir of 135000 Gallons capacity at villege Lirow. 4. Supply mains of 14302 mts. Length. 5. Distribution system of 15 Kms.

In addition to the already available augmentation proposal by the Public Health Engineering department there is a need to make a comprehensive DPR ensuring that each neighborhood planned has required water supply facilities. Water storage tanks are proposed for each neighborhood and Master Plan envisages its placement in the cluster centres. Distribution system which is most important aspect of water supply need also to be provided at neighborhood level and need to be extended as per the proposed Master Plan.

5.11 Sewerage and Drainage System At present Kulgam town does not have any sewerage system. All effluents from domestic and other uses directly drain into different Nallahs, depressions and along roadsides generating water pollution and insanitary conditions in the town. Kulgam town which is growing rapidly and immediately needs the provision of an appropriate sewerage system which may otherwise prove a costly affair after the town gets densely urbanized. Therefore, it is right time to provide an appropriate sewerage system and treatment plant(s) to safeguard residential environment and check pollution of water bodies instantly.

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

The topography of Kulgam town is such that it has very acute slope towards south and gentle towards east. Therefore, in the provision of sewerage system these topographical conditions shall be utilized for physical efficiency of the system. To have an appropriate sewerage disposal system for the Greater Kulgam by 2038, it is proposed to provide sewers and treatment plants. Besides this, it is also proposed that the industrial estate shall possess separate sewerage treatment plant though the industries proposed have to be non-polluting in nature.

(A) Sewage Treatment Master Plan, Kulgam envisages to provide separate sanitary and storm drains for the town. Because Kulgam being an agrarian town, uses natural waters for irrigation purposes and also in rainy season it contains lot of soil with it which may choke the sewers if a combined system is provided. The storm water from drains may be directly disposed off into natural Nallahs to irrigate agricultural fields while as sanitary sewerage shall be disposed off after necessary treatment. Further, it is proposed that sanitary sewers will consist of a hierarchy of four levels (I) trunk sewers, main sewers, sub-main and laterals. It is recommended that a Detailed Project Report (DPR) for a comprehensive Sewerage treatment and Management of the proposed planning area shall be prepared. Sewerage treatment Plants (STPs) are proposed to be placed downstream near Owgam and Amnoo in planning zones A and G.

(B) Low Cost Sanitation and Community Latrines/Urinals It may not possible to provide a comprehensive sewerage system covering each and every household. Therefore, the Master Plan also envisages the provision of low cost sanitation system for independent sanitary latrine with on-site excreta disposal system. Master Plan proposes that low cost sanitation be provided in Kulgam in the old and congested areas where provision of sewers is not possible which can be incentivized by subsidy and technical assistance. Master Plan also proposes to have Community latrines in major activity centers.

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

(C) Lanes and Drains Kulgam town which gives an indication of an overgrown village settlement has generally narrow lanes and bye-lanes. All these lanes are in a state of disrepair and mostly Kutcha. The drains along these lanes and by-lanes are also not in satisfactory condition. During rains these lanes and by-lanes which frequently get choked during rainfall warrant immediate improvement/upgradation not only in congested areas of town proper but also in peripheral village settlements of Greater Kulgam. Master Plan proposes comprehensive physical improvement Action Plans under Centrally/State Sponsored Schemes like UIDSSMT etc., especially in Planning zone – C and village settlements in the planning area.

5.12 Solid Waste Disposal Disposal of solid waste generated in urban areas is the mandatory function of local authorities. However, MC Kulgam does not perform satisfactorily in this sector which can be attributed to lack of finances, machinery and lack of trained and skilled manpower. Master Plan proposes development with increased focus on industrial development, trade and commerce, which may make the problems of solid waste disposal more severe. Therefore, Master Plan envisages an appropriate solid waste disposal/management system with two stages of waste disposal.

i. Collection of solid waste from households, commercial areas and containers into local dumps. This process may need adequate manpower with necessary provisions for equipments e.g. wheel borrows/fabricated barrows; containers/dust bins pick-axes etc. ii. Collection of wastes from local dumps to the place of final disposal. This process needs provision of loaders, refuse collection tippers, sludge pumps, tractors and trolleys. Besides it needs provision of land for local dumping sites and final disposal area.

The estimates for domestic solid wastes likely to generate has been worked out on the basis of study conducted by Operation Research Group on delivery and financing of Urban Services in 1989, which puts the average per capita solid waste at about 300 to 400 grams /capita /day in urban areas. In case of major commercial cities such as Bombay, Calcutta etc. 400 – 425

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

grams/capita/day, while in Municipal Council of Delhi (MCD) area it is between 800 – 1000 grams/capita/day. In case of estimating solid waste generated in Kulgam town by 2038, 350 grams/capita/day has been adopted. The estimated solid waste likely to be generated in Greater Kulgam is given below:

Table 5.12 Estimated solid waste expected to be generated in Greater Kulgam

Year Solid Waste Generated per day (350 grams/capita/day) in town 2017 13.00 Tons 2027 23.00 Tons 2038 28.51 Tons 5.13 Industrial Use Kulgam has huge agriculture resources and the potential for industrial development in the town is immense. Horticulturally rich hinterland in the Kulgam sub-region (Shopyan and Kulgam Tehsils) if optimally harnessed can boost up industrial activities. The possibilities of industrial development are mainly in agro-based and small scale household industries. Industrial and Manufacturing land use has been increased to 31.9 Hectares of proposed net developed area which accounts about 4% of the land use. Prime agricultural and horticultural land has been conserved to safeguard the production of cash crops in the Kulgam as it is also one of the main sources of the economy in the town. In view of its rich resource base Master Plan envisages secondary sector workers to increase from 2.69% per cent in 2001 to 20% in 2038 and incentives will have to be provided for development of industrial base of the town. This apart from helping in building sound economic base will address unemployment problems. Land has been allocated in the form of industrial belts for the development of industrial units at Laro close to alternative corridor. Existing industrial area at Laro is proposed to be used for small scale industrial units and extension to the existing area as per requirement is envisaged in the Plan.

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

Master Plan proposes the growth of household crafts and arts through the provision of incentives and development of Art and Craft Community Centers. These community centers consist of variety of units taking care of multiple types of craft and art activities carried out in the area at large. The Craft Community Centre is proposed to be established adjacent to industrial area in planning zone ‘A’.

5.14 Service Facilities In view of the accelerated growth of the Kulgam, mushroom growth of services in the form of repairs and services outlets is taking place in and around the town. It has resulted in a number of sordid spots associated with the problems of traffic conflict, jams and on-street parking. To mitigate this problem, an integrated services centre is proposed adjacent Fruit Mandi.

5.15 Administrative Use Kulgam town being the seat of administration in the district, houses a number of offices. Out of the total offices established in the town, roughly about 50% offices are housed in private rented buildings; while as rest of the offices have available government accommodation. Government offices occupy about 77.22 hectares of land accounting for about 3.74 per cent of the total area. Besides being scattered all over the town, some of these offices are located in residential -- incompatible land use. The Master Plan in the interest of effective administration and public interest envisages to organize the administrative and district level activities by way of establishing a Office Complex for sufficient office accommodation in the town by 2038 in Planning zone A. Plate 13 Mini Secretariat, Kulgam

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

5.16 Incompatible Land Use Kulgam town has recorded changes in its land use pattern through the process of invasion of land uses and lot of incompatible development has come up especially along the major arteries. The unintended development is adversely affecting the environmental conditions and the proper functioning of the town. As a result of this, Master Plan proposes relocation of these incompatible uses. The areas identified as incompatible and their proposed development is listed below:

Table 5.13: Areas identified as incompatible and their proposed relocation/shifting S. No. Area Present Status Proposal 1. Band-saws Located in Residential area To be shifted to Industrial Area 2. Slaughter House Unscientific Alternative Site 3. Residential use along main spine Non-conforming use Relocation for road widening Relocated in administrative area in zone A 4. Administrative area in zone E Non-conforming

5.17 Proposed Decongestion of Areas Greater Kulgam is an agglomeration of Kulgam Municipal Committee and a number of villages with varying densities. Some of the urban villages have very high residential density, more than the main town. The residential density varies within different parts of these settlements. Competing activities have resulted into rapid land use changes especially in the town centre where residential landuse is replaced by the Commercial and office uses. In this process some of the resultant activities are not compatible in relation to overall town structure. Another important aspect of the town is that the earlier development in different settlements of Kulgam has started showing signs of dilapidation. These areas may need redevelopment to make them environmentally sound. The areas which have been identified for decongestion and redevelopment are listed below:

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

Table 5.14: Areas Identified for decongestion and redevelopment S.No. Area Present Status Requirement Redevelopment Inner Parts of Crowded with insanitary Improvement in services and Would involve relocation of some 1 Asthanpor condition provision of basic houses. Inner Parts of Insanitary condition and lanes Provision of basic services 2 Upgradation of existing Housing stock. Naikpora dilapidated. 3 Parts of Chawalgam Insanitary condition and lanes Provision of basic services Upgradation of existing Housing stock. and Rangrez dilapidated. Parts of Shaksaz Lack of surface drains, lanes Provision of basic facility Upgradation of lanes, roads and 4 mohalla and open spaces and services. provision of Open Spaces

5.18 Conservation Areas Syed Simnani Sahib Shrine -- place of significant historical importance -- is located in the core area of the town. In addition, the town has many natural elements which need conservation. The areas which need to be conserved are listed below: Table 5.15: Proposed Areas of Conservation Shrine of Syed Simnani Sahib Located in the heart of the town has a congested access with almost less than 15 feet road width. Many Commercial establishment placed along this main access has made the shrine inaccessible. Jamia Masjid Which is located in the heart of the town is congested almost on all sides. Very little open space is left. River Veshav Flowing in the south of Kulgam has apprehension of getting polluted, required buffer of 200 feet has been provided to arrest any kind of contamination. Kewal Khul and other streams These streams are polluted through disposal effluents and solid waste. These need to be preserved and green buffer is proposed to be developed on both sides of the Nallah to make it an attractive element of the town Plantation Area Horticulture/ Agriculture Are proposed to be preserved as spaces for fruit production. Springs Proposed to be conserved from pollution and encroachment.

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

Chapter – 6

(TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION)

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

CHAPTER 6: TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION

6.1 Transport Facilities Kulgam is characterized by radial pattern of development with only one main arterial street. All the traffic has to pass through this corridor resulting in congestion. Kulgam town is connected to Srinagar and Anantnag, other towns and village settlements in the region. A large number of trucks operate from various destinations for export of fruit pass through Kulgam which results congestion on existing road infrastructure of the town. In addition to this, there are about 185 trips of buses commuting to various regional destinations and 145 trips by mini-buses. There is a newly established Bus Stand where from both Buses and Mini Buses operate to various destinations and a truck terminal has also been developed. The town is deficient of organized parking slots particularly in commercial and office areas. Traffic and Transportation accounts for 9.50 % of the developed area. The main transportation problem areas are:

 Lack of connectivity between various radial roads like Anantnag-Kulgam, Kulgam–Ahrabal, Kulgam–Shopian, Kulgam – Qazigund, which compels commuters to travel long distances  High Volume to capacity ratio;  Intermixing of regional traffic including both commercial and passenger traffic;  Lack of parking spaces, bus bays and passenger shelters;

6.2 Transport Network Characteristics The radials which diverge from Kulgam town are Shopian Road, Ahrabal Road, Kharot Road, Yaripora Road, Anantnag Road and Quazigund Road resulting in a number of ill designed intersections which in the absence of appropriate road geometrics result in traffic bottlenecks. The establishment of commercial activities around these nodes has further made the traffic network system complex. Tourist destination of Ahrabal is also connected with this corridor, however due to maximum commercial activity along

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

this road, flow of traffic is not smooth. Kulgam is also connected to Shopian and Yaripora inviting regional commercial traffic in the city limits from the fruit growing areas in the region at large.

The road network inventory information reflects that most of the radials are narrow and have limited carriageway/right of way.

Traffic Related issues in Kulgam

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

Table 6.1: Inventory of existing transportation network Right of way Carriage way Riding quality Remarks Name of the Road (feet) (feet.) Anantnag-Laro 53 feet 23 feet good Shall be dual carriage way Needs to be widened to dual Laro -Yaripora 60 feet 30 feet good carriage way Laro to Qazigund crossing 50 feet 36 feet good Shall be dual carriage way Kulgam-Qazigund road 61 feet 22 feet good Needs to be dual carriage way Qazigund crossing to D.C office crossing 49 feet 34 feet good Needs widening D.C office road 27 feet 14 feet fair Needs widening Kharot road 39 feet 13 feet good Shall be dual carriage way Chatabal road 33 feet 14 feet fair Needs widening Chatabal to chawalgam crossing 59 feet 34 feet good Shall be dual carriage way Chalan road 37 feet 14 feet Good/fair Shall be dual carriage way Shopian –Chawalgam road 45 feet 18 feet Good/fair Shall be dual carriage way Chawalgam-Ahrabal road 52 feet 23 feet good Shall be dual carriage way Kulgam –Chamgund road 50 feet -- fair under construction 6.3 Traffic Surveys – Kulgam 2015

The traffic volume study on important corridors during peak hour has brought out the traffic load on different arteries in Kulgam town. Based on the data collected from the field, it is observed that the peak hour out-going traffic along Kulgam-Anantnag at Yaripora junction is 386 PCUs recorded from 3.0 p.m to 4.0 p.m and incoming traffic volume along Kulgam-Quazigund Road is 434 during 8.30 A.M to 9.30 P.M. It is mainly because these major corridors are connecting major urban centers of Anantnag and National Highway NH1A and passengers from different destinations pour into the town. Among the regional roads, maximum traffic from Qazigund followed by Anantnag sneek into the town. The regional traffic coming from all directions generates conflicts in the town. This warrants the provision of alternative parallel corridors to alleviate traffic conflicts.

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

The information also reflects that the public transport carry about 53 per cent of the total Passenger traffic. Private modes comprise about 47 per cent. Table 6.2: Traffic Volume on Major Arteries – Kulgam 2015 PCUs S. No. Route Incoming Outgoing 1 Kulgam – Anantnag 249.0 380.5 2 Kulgam – Shopyain 178.5 147.0 3 Kulgam – Quazigund 433.5 280.0 4 Kulgam – Ahrabal 163.0 173.5 5 Kulgam – Yaripora 77.5 198.0 6 Kulgam – Sangus 214.0 301.5 7 Kulgam –Tehsil office. 235.0 352.5

6.4 Regional Traffic (Passengers/Buses) Kulgam as the administrative centre of the district generates considerable passenger traffic. Nearly 50 conventional buses and 40 small buses enter Kulgam daily and nearly the same number exits leave the town for different destinations The details show that maximum passenger traffic is on Anantnag road followed by Shopian road, Qazigund and Yaripora and Aharbal roads. Besides these roads Kulgam is also connected by mini bus service with Devsar, Kalam Damhal Hangipora, and Katrusoo etc.

6.5 Regional Freight Traffic Considerable Regional freight traffic enters and leaves the town throughout the year and the number increases manifold during fruit harvest season. Maximum incoming trucks are from Quazigund, followed by Ahrabal, and Anantnag/Srinagar. The freight traffic can be attributed to horticulture production and the location along tourist destination of Ahrabal and Forest area in the west and south of Kulgam town. More volume on Kulgam Srinagar, Yaripora and Shopian roads is because these connect the region with National Highway.

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

Table 6.3: Route-wise Goods Traffic – 2015 Trucks/ Tanga Radha/ Tractors Route Incoming Outgoing Kulgam-Anantnag 66.5 128.0 Kulgam-Shopiyan 30.0 17.5 Kulgam-Yaripora 33.0 71.0 Kulgam-Ahrabal 67.5 47.5 Kulgam –Quazigund 86.5 107.5 Kulgam-Sangus 23.5 41.0 6.6 Bus Terminal There is one Bus Terminal in Kulgam located on Anantnag road near yaripora junction at Laro. The available space caters to the present need. Besides this Matadors/Mazada, Trucks and Taxis are also parked in the existing Bus Stand. Existing Bus Stand is located in the periphery at Laro. However its entry/exit is on the main spine and could not cater to the future demand. Its upgradation and extension to function as regional Terminal Centre is necessary. The present entry/Exit to Bus Stand is on main Kulgam-Ahrabal artery, therefore, alternative for entry/exit to Bus Stand need to be hunted out so that it does not generate traffic jamming on the main functional artery. Besides this, in the absence of enforcement, unauthorized shops have come up all around the bus stand. This nuisance needs to be restricted to save the parking space from infringement and up gradation/extension. Figure: Bus Terminal, Kulgam.

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

6.7 Taxi Stand No provision of Taxi Stand is available for taxis which form the main mode of para-transit traffic in the town. At present the Taxis are parked on road side reducing the carriage way width and thereby pose problems of traffic jamming.

6.8 Traffic and Transportation Proposals 6.8.1 Proposed Transportation Network The proposed transportation network is envisaged to be linear network from the existing radial network with a Ring Road around the town. Ring road will primarily cater to the regional traffic bypassing the main town. Appropriate road widths need to be provided to accommodate anticipated increase in traffic intensity in the town. To improve accessibility to all pockets proposed for development, scattered settlements and cater the potential traffic demand, Indian Road Congress recommendations have been adapted for the required road widths. However, in case of core town where congested development has already taken place, adopting I.R.C recommendation may lead to large scale dislocation. Apart from socio-cultural repercussions, it will be an uneconomical proposition considering its resettlement and rehabilitation dimensions. To be more realistic, road widening especially in core town has been proposed considering the feasibility and ensuring least dislocation. Master Plan proposes about 105 hectares of land for the development of Traffic and Transportation facilities including land under circulation, existing bus terminal, regional bus terminal, truck terminal and other facilities to take care of future needs of the town as a major service and administrative centre. Parallel corridors as discussed above have been proposed to integrate the road network system in the town and its region as well. One such parallel corridors is proposed to start from Shurat just below Laro intersection and connect Amnoo, Chatabal, Chahlan, Ahrabal and Tsansar road at different intersections to provide an alternative corridor for regional and through traffic. In addition to this alternate corridor is proposed to be provided connecting Sangus Road and Yaripora Road behind Mini Secretariat coming up along Sangus Road to provide greater accessibility to the administrative area.

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

The existing radials connecting Yaripora-Kulgam, Anantnag-Kulgam, Quazigund-Kulgam ,Kulgam-Chahlan and Ahrabal- Kulgam are proposed to be widened to 68’ (sixty feet)four lane with dual carriage way, while as Kulgam- Sangus Road and Kulgam-Tsansar Road are proposed to be widened to 45’ (forty five feet) and Kulgam-D.C’s office and Kulgam-Chatabal roads as 45’ (thirty feet) wide as well. The 68’ (sixty feet) wider roads are designed to carry maximum regional and local vehicular traffic. The Parallel corridor envisaged along River Veshaw is proposed to be developed as 200′-0″ to divert the through traffic and reduce the traffic intensity on the main spine passing through the core town and parallel corridor in the north connecting Laro with Lirow via Kharot and Tansar is proposed to be 100 feet wide. The Plan also envisages inner link roads connecting the interior areas. The proposed width of various roads is given as under: Table 6.4: Proposed Road Width – Kulgam Town Right of way Building line from S. No. Road Particulars Status of road (feet) centre of the road(feet) Alternate Parallel corridor from Shurat to Ahrabal road 100 four lane 1 150 at Lirow via Ammnoo and Chalan. Dual c/w (T-1) Alternate Parallel corridor connecting Shurat with four lane 2 100 75 Ahrabal road at Lirow via Tsansar and Sangus. Dual c/w (T-1) four lane 3 Pahloo road upto Quazigund chowk 68 50 Dual c/w (T-2) four lane 4 Yaripora road upto Laro chowk 68 50 Dual c/w (T-2) four lane 5 Anantnag road upto Laro chowk 68 50 Dual c/w (T-2) four lane 6 Ahrabal road upto Chawalgam. 68 50 Dual c/w (T-2) Sangus road upto link connecting Sangus road with four lane 7 68 50 quazigund junction. Dual c/w (T-2) Proposed road connecting Tsansar road with Quazigund four lane (T-2) 8 68 50 junction via Mini Secretariat. single c/w

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

Link connecting alternate parallel corridor with Mini four lane (T-2) 9 68 50 Secretariat link. single c/w Chalan road upto main Kulgam road four lane (T-2) 10 68 50 single c/w Link connecting Parallel corridor in between four lane (T-2) 11 Sangus and Laro with Parallel corridor in between Laro 68 50 Dual c/w and Amnoo via Industrial area four lane (T-2) 12 Road from District park proposed link to Chamgund. 68 50 Dual c/w Link connecting Shurat-Ahrabal via Sangus Alternative Two lane 13 45 30 parallel corridor with Laro junction Dual c/w (T-3) Two lane (T-3) Sangus road from proposed road connecting Chawalgam 14 45 30 Single c/w Tsansar -- Quazigund chowk upto Ku;lgam.

Kulgam-Chatabal road Two lane(T-3) 15 45 30 Single C/w. D.C’s office road from Kulgam main upto proposed Two lane(T-3) 16 45 30 District park proposed link. Single C /w. Inner link connecting District with Chalan road via Two lane(T-3) 17 45 30 Chatabal. Single c/w. Tsansar road upto Chawalgam Two lane(T-3) 18 45 30 Single C /w. Two lane(T-3) 19 All existing link roads. 45 30 Single C /w. 20 Main Collector Streets within Housing Layouts 45 30 - 21 Roads within Housing Layouts 25 35 -

 In case Building Line proposed in Prevention of Ribbon Development Act is more than the Building Line prescribed in the Plan, Building line whichever is more shall be enforced.  Building line within the core town shall be dealt on case to case basis keeping in view nature of use and scope for widening.

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

6.8.2 Bus Stand/Nodal Terminal Centre The existing Bus stands located near Qazigund intersection and Sangus have insufficient space to function as Terminal Centre for public transport like Matadors, Mini-buses, Sumos, Taxis and auto rikhshas. Master Plan envisages using these bus stands as bus bays and parking space for para-transit. It proposes to develop conventional Bus and Mini bus terminals with adequate parking facilities and provision for shelter sheds and public conveniences along the parallel corridor at Chahlan, Chamgund Road and Lirow. These Bus Stands would function as intra town terminal centres for light vehicles and cater to the areas falling in the local area of Kulgam and are placed in such a manner that the intra-district /regional traffic is easily accessible.

6.8.3 Regional Bus Terminal The existing Bus terminal has insufficient space to cater to the anticipated traffic demand by horizon year 2038. Based on the directional flow of regional traffic, the regional bus terminal is proposed to extend upto the proposed Parallel corridor in planning zone G to avoid through traffic from the town proper. In addition, the extended area of the regional Bus stand would have the provision for work shop facilities, hotels and commercial facilities also. The regional bus terminal is also proposed to connect the proposed Bus stands by intra-town transport by para-transit. To further improve intra-town movement a number of links of various widths connecting different radials and improvement/upgradation of existing roads and lanes is proposed in the Master Plan - 2038. This would cause the dislocation of shops, commercial establishments and some residential houses also.

6.8.4 Construction of Culverts: In addition to River Veshaw, a number of small Nallahs and streams flow through Greater Kulgam, as such a number of culverts have been proposed to facilitate the traffic and pedestrian movement in the town. After a thorough analysis of the ground situation, Master Plan has identified and envisages the construction of Bridges/Culverts in the town on priority

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

basis in relation to the carriage way of the approach roads. Bridge connecting Kulgam with its peripheral villages in its south is a single lane structure which needs to be upgraded consistent to ROW of the approach roads. Two bridges of 2- lane are presently under construction over river Veshaw along Chamgund Road and Chahlan Road are proposed to be upgraded to four lane dual carriageway configuration at both the places.

In addition following reconstruction/constructions are proposed: - Reconstruction of Bridge over River Veshaw near village Brazuloo - Construction/upgradation of Chahlan Bridge - Construction of bridge along Chatabal road - Construction of bridge along Tsansar road. - Construction/upgradation of Chamgund Bridge.

6.8.5 Truck Terminal Kulgam region which ranks at par with Shopian for fruit production has high freight traffic intensity during fruit season due to its location enroute to Qazigund through National Highway 1A. It has been observed that a sizeable number of trucks pass through the town during fruit season and cause unnecessary traffic mess in the town. Therefore, a truck terminal, not only catering to the existing demand but to increased truck flow due to diversification of horticulture in future is proposed in planning zone G and the placement of truck terminal is proposed along proposed alternate parallel corridor. Provision for informal shopping, janta hotels and workshop area is also envisaged in the Plan. Existing truck terminal along Chahlan Road is proposed to be used for intra-town bus/taxi/auto stand.

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

6.8.6 Parking Concentration of activities in the core area is causing enormous pressure of vehicular traffic. Master Plan envisages appropriate provision for parking at suitable locations e.g. workshops, institutional centers, industrial areas and community centers and particularly in the central part of the town. All these areas would require both idle and active parking within their complexes in the immediate vicinity. Sufficient provision for car parking is also made in Truck Terminal, Regional Bus Terminal and in the major administrative area and facilities e.g. hospital, commercial establishment would have in-built provision of parking. In addition to this commercial parking lots have been provided in zones ‘A’, ‘E’ and ‘F’.

6.8.7 Bus Bays/Pick-up Stations Pick-up stations/Bus-Bays are very vital for convenience of the passengers. As greater Kulgam comprises number of villages, pick-up stations/bus-bays are envisaged to be provided along major roads to facilitate the passenger mobility. The pick-up stations are proposed to be provided on all important radials at a distance of 500 meters apart preferably away from any intersection by at least 150 meters to avoid any traffic mess on the road. The Master Plan cannot provide all the details of the bus bays on the land use plan but the policy of providing bus bays at regular intervals has to be taken care of in the DPR for transportation network.

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

Chapter – 7

(TOURISM THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK)

TOWN PLANNING ORGANISATION, KASHMIR

DRAFT MASTER PLAN KULGAM- 2038

CHAPTER 7: TOURISM THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

7.1 International Tourism Scenario In the recent years, tourism is emerging as a major economic activity and has the advantage over other economic activities because of its employment generation and capacity to earn foreign exchange. The share of tourism in the world GDP was 10.2% in 2016 which is more than the total of world defense budgets of all the countries put together. In the beginning of 21st century around 21 Crore people world over are employed in tourism and travel trade. The total capital investment in tourism, travel and trade industry is about 7% of all the capital investment. The tourism in Asia Pacific region is expected to grow at the rate of 8% in the first decade of 21st century. Tourism accounts for more than 10% of total employment and 11% of global GDP, and total tourist trips are predicted to increase to 1.6 million by 2020(WWF).

7.2 Indian Tourism Scenario The tourism industry of India is economically important and grows rapidly. The World Travel & Tourism Council calculated that tourism generated INR6.4 trillion or 6.6% of the nation’s GDP in 2012. It supported 39.5 million jobs, 7.7% of its total employment. The sector is predicted to grow at an average annual rate of 7.9% from 2013 to 2023. This gives India the third rank among countries with the fastest growing tourism industries over the next decade. India has a large medical tourism sector which is expected to grow at an estimated rate of 30% annually to reach about 95 billion by 2015.

7.3 State Tourism Scenario Jammu and Kashmir is endowed with pristine natural environment in the form of mountains, lakes, rivers and rich flora and fauna which makes it a unique tourism destination in Asia. Despite this, tourism sector has not been a major player in the economic development of the State. One million or more than a million tourists visited Jammu and Kashmir during every year in last decade. The tourist flow for the State is given in Figure 4.1.

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State Tourism Policy has been used to guide the Tourism Master Plan of the Kulgam. This has been supplemented with the experience that Town Planning Organization, Kashmir has gained in the sector during the last three to four decades as it has been involved in the planning of major tourist destinations of the State. It is the considered view of this Organization that tourism per se does not lead to the economic development of an area unless it is not supplemented with a policy framework for infrastructural development that leads to the economic growth of the local inhabitants. In the next decade the tourist inflow is expected to reach 2.5 million. Kulgam region has not significantly contributed towards the tourist inflow and there is an urgent need to provide infrastructure in the town which will help in attracting tourism in the region. Mughal Road will be a major ingredient for attracting tourism which will have to be supplemented with other tourist infrastructure including the restaurants and hotels. Figure 7.1: Tourist flow – Kulgam Kashmir Tourist Flow 2000 - 2015 1400000 1200000 1000000 800000 600000 Total Tourists 400000 200000 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Source: Department of Tourism Kashmir, 2016

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7.4 Tourism Potential of the Region Kulgam has not been on the tourist map of Jammu and Kashmir. Although Aharbal is in the vicinity but no special measures have been taken to bring Kulgam on the tourist map of the Valley. No tourist data is available for Kulgam and its region making tourist infrastructure planning difficult.

7.4.1 Scenic The region provides a unique landscape as it is located in the foothills of Middle Himalayas. The region provides vide expanse of landscape with forests, undulating land masses, ravines, water bodies, glaciers, wildlife etc. Veshaw river and other water bodies criss-crossing the town can be a major attraction for tourism.

7.4.2 Adventure The region has an extraordinary potential of adventure tourism including mountaineering, trekking, skiing, rafting, paragliding, horse riding, rock climbing, boating etc. The adventure tourism in the region will also be boosted after the completion of Mughal road. This potential will have to be exploited by the provision of adventure tourism infrastructure in the region and then marketing the adventure potential of the region. The completion of Mughal road circuit will add to the inherent potential of the town as a gateway to the expansive Middle Himalayan Region. This can be achieved by putting in place the necessary tourism infrastructure.

7.4.3 Pilgrim The region is home to the Shrine of Syed Samnani Peer of Sheikh Nooruddin Noorani (R.A). This makes the town attractive from pilgrim tourism perspective. This pilgrim tourism and other tourism potential of the sub-region will have to be exploited in tandem especially with respect to the local tourists.

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7.4.4 Cultural All the regions in the Valley have their unique culture and the Kulgam region hosts a balance blend of both village as well as Gujjar-Bakerwal culture. Town due to its location can be used as gateway for tourism in the Valley providing a wide spectrum of cultures and the Planning and Development Authority will have to focus on this aspect for attracting State, National and International tourists.

7.4.5 Ecotourism Its location in the foothills of Middle Himalayas and variety of the tourism possibility makes Kulgam a potential ecotourism destination. This has to be worked out based on international ecotourism guidelines in public-public partnership of tourism department with Forest and wildlife departments. Ecotourism is about uniting conservation, communities, and sustainable travel.

7.5 SWOT Analysis Strengths  Ecologically and culturally pristine and highly diverse region;  The location of the town as gateway to the Valley and its well connectivity;  High Potential for tourism activities including adventure, cultural, educational, pilgrim, scenic and other types of tourism;  The depth of the region and its connectivity to tourist destinations the West makes it a potential growth center for the State; Weaknesses  Absence of tourist infrastructure at sub-regional and local level;  Lack of skilled manpower for tourist activities;

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 Lack of vision for regional tourism development.

Opportunities  The region provides ample opportunity for tourism especially the water resources and the existence of quality horticulture;  Policy of regional tourism development and Tourist Circuits can be used as poverty reduction strategy for the region through the creation of employment opportunities;  Showcase the region’s rich cultural and natural resources to the outside world which will in turn boost the economic development of the whole region; Threats  Flux in the political and security environment in the State;  Possibility of unsustainable exploitation of the natural resources through distortions in the management of the eco- systems if the tourism development is not properly regulated;  Lack of vision at regional level and piecemeal development can threaten the pristine nature of the region.

Basic Tourist Infrastructure in the Town In view of the potential of the region for tourist activity and the policy of the government to exploit hitherto unexplored regions Master Plan proposes to provide basic infrastructure for giving impetus to the tourist activity in the region. Development of infrastructure in accordance with the proposals of the Master Plan especially development of parallel corridors along the river banks will provide a basic ingredient for the development of tourism sector in the town. The Master Plan envisages Zone –G along the proposed parallel corridor and Quazigund road as stepping stone for tourist activity which can be further build upon by the tourism department through the policy for infrastructure development in the region.

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Chapter – 8

(URBAN LANDUSE POLICY)

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CHAPTER 8: URBAN LANDUSE POLICY 8.1 Land Use Policy Master Plan is a set of policies directed for ensuring living environment in a town though a vision for location criteria and factors of accessibility, functionality, optimization and sustainability of urban uses. In the Master Plan an attempt has been made to make urban land policy more realistic by taking cognizance of economic forces, ground realities, urban forces, fiscal empowerment, and structure/functions of local agencies and requirement of the community at large. Master Plan for a horizon period of 20 years (2018-2038) proposes development encompassing roughly about 2061 ha of land, within the planning area limits. About 80 per cent of the land is in private ownership which is likely to generate impediments in the implementation and enforcement of the Master Plan proposals. Due to the constraints of ownership of land it has been observed over the period of time in cities/towns, that most of the Master Plans are not able to achieve the desired goals of planned development mainly on reasons that the land is developed by private individuals and entrepreneurs on their own. Master Plan recommends the development of a model for the implementation of proposals by the local authority using the Public-private Partnership and public-public partnership and employing the provisions of the envisaged Comprehensive Urban and Regional Planning and Development Act.

8.2 Policy Directives (a) Effective public control over land particularly through large scale acquisition, especially for creating land banks for achieving major proposals of the Master Plan e.g. housing, nodal facilities, terminus centers, socio cultural activities, Parallel corridors etc. This is likely to help the local agencies to restructure the town and change Kulgam from semi-urban to a planned urban habitat. It is also likely to help to regulate future development of the town and give financial sustainability to weak Urban Local agency structure of the town ensuring control over land values.

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(b) The plot reconstitution/land assembly is needed because in Kulgam land is in private ownership and this process can be used to facilitate planned development. Generally, it has been seen that most of our colonies develop organically process generating poor living conditions without the provision of basic services and utilities. Lack of planned and determined intervention has given rise to urban slums in most of our towns, as residential development constitutes roughly 49% of the town development. (c) The areas falling in between Anantnag-Qazigund Road, Ahrabal-Tsansar Rroad and the land encompassed by Quazigund Road and Ahrabal Road in the south has been treated as top priority zone whereas the rest of the areas will be priority zone. (d) Provision of Utilities and Services after acquisition of land by local agencies and encouraging the builders and housing cooperatives, urban local agencies in corporations with Planning Agency registered with the co-operatives/private colonizers making them vital component of urban development of Kulgam. (e) Government besides propagating plot reconstitution and plan layout shall also develop planned colonies after bulk acquisition to cater the urban poor who otherwise due to non-affordability are left out of land market. About 25% of the plots in Housing Colonies both by Government/Private Entrepreneurs/individuals shall be reserved for urban poor to avoid growing of urban slums.

Government Land In the Planning area for Master Plan Kulgam, patches of Government land exist. Government land, Pasture land, leased, non-leased land within the Master Plan limits (local area outside Municipal Committee limits) shall be taken over by the Authority as the case may which shall be constituted for the purposes of Planning and Development of the town as per the provisions of the Municipal Act, 2000, while as such land within the Municipal Committee limits shall be handed over to Municipal Committee for creation of assets, development of amenities/facilities as per the provisions of the Master Plan.

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8.3 Restructuring of Local Body Urban Local Bodies especially in small and medium towns are weak with respect to manpower and technical know-how in the field of urban development. These local bodies need to be promoted to meet the growing need which can be ensured by replacing non-qualified by qualified professionals. Following structural changes will have to be made in the existing structure of Kulgam Municipal Committee to ensure the decentralization as envisaged in the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act:

 The Municipal Committee has to act as the local urban planning and development authority as the Master Plan will be published under the provisions of Municipal Act 2000 and as per the provisions of proposed Comprehensive Urban and Regional Planning and Development Act.

 To restructure the Municipal Committee ensuring:

(a) The formulation and implementation of plan under the supervision of planning agency of the State; (b) to establish well equipped sub-division for solid waste management, tax collection, planning and execution, provision of services and amenities, implementation of Master Plan proposals, tax collection, maintenance of assets etc. to keep pace with process of development;

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Chapter –9

(DEVELOPMENT PROMOTION RULES AND REGULATIONS)

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CHAPTER 9: DEVELOPMENT PROMOTION RULES AND REGULATIONS

9.1 Zoning Regulations The proposals contained in the Master Plan would hardly improve the image of the town life unless efforts are not made to implement and enforce them on ground. The citizens and the Municipal Committee, Kulgam will have to make significant contribution collectively as well as individually in building Greater Kulgam. Strict enforcement has to be ensured by concerned authorities, while Town Planning Organization Kashmir would provide necessary technical guidance to enforce the proposals contained in the Master Plan. Proper regulation and control of development within Local Area of Kulgam Master Plan would be possible through effective enforcement of development promotion and regulations like, Floor Area Ratio, Ground Coverage, Set- backs, Height Control etc. These Regulations shall provide guidelines for people, developers and Government /semi Government departments. Planning Area of Kulgam town has been divided into various use zones. Each preferred zone can only be put to such use (s) as detailed out in the Master Plan. The proposed land use plan indicates the location of broad uses and major facility areas in the form of cluster centers. The requirements of these facilities are subject to necessary alteration when the detailed Zonal Plans are conceived. Therefore, the purpose of Zonal/Sub-zonal bye-laws and regulations is not to stop the urban development activities in the Planning area by local body but to serve as broad policy framework for the promotion of planned development. For example, if any use is declared as non-conforming at any location in the planning area, its further development must be stopped. On the same lines in already built-up area, in the absence of Zonal/Development Plans, building activity should be controlled and guided as per the regulations spelt out in this Chapter here-onwards. Kulgam Local Area has been divided into seven planning zones with the land use of each zone clearly defined to ensure that the landuses are not abused by the implementing authority and the applicants. The planning zones are mainly based on the predominant aspects of the landuse with the objective of preserving the character of the local area and the boundaries are

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predominantly based on the natural/artificial features of the area. The description of the planning zones and sub-zones is given in the table 9.1. Table 9.1 Description of Planning Zones in Kulgam Local Area Planning Zone Predominant Landuse Description Located in-between Anantnag road and Charot road, it is predominantly under residential, Industrial and Government use. The Planning Division/Zone has been sub-divided into eight use zones. Industrial use ( I-1) is in the south and north, Government use (PS-1) in the south west and north west. Residential use is in the Residential, Industrial and east having provision for cluster centres and recreational facility. Due to PZ – A Government. concentration of multipurpose activity this zone is likely to generate substantial traffic movement, therefore, due care has been taken in planning road infrastructure to ensure smooth and efficient traffic network system. Provision of commercial activity has been proposed along the main access of Anantnag-Kulgam road. Planning Division-B is located in between Charot road and Tsansar road having Agriculture, Horticulture and Residential as predominant uses. The Planning Division/Zone has been sub-divided into nine use zones. The Agriculture and Agriculture, Horticulture and Horticulture use is in the north is proposed to be a restricted area with rider for PZ – B Residential. construction of farm houses and packaging industry. In the south Medical facility is provided to cater to the needs of the population living in the south. In addition to this provision for cluster centre and recreational activity has been made in the south adjacent to the residential use.

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Planning Division-C is predominantly proposed as a mixed use zone. The Planning Division/Zone has been sub-divided into fourteen use zones. This zone comprises of existing residential settlement with all the commercial activity and Government offices concentrated in it. This division is located on either side of the main access corridor from Quazigund inter section up to Chawalgam Chowk In the north in addition to the existing residential core area are some existing Government offices

PZ – C Mixed Use. and educational use. In the south there exists a major part of residential core area and the shrine of Syed Simnani sahib. The main access corridor of Anantnag- Chawalgam has commercial development on either sides constituting maximum percentage of commercial use. This Division was devoid of any recreational facility, certain pockets have, therefore, been proposed for recreational use. Certain sordid places have also been proposed to be uplifted by way of dislocation of some commercial establishments and relieving it from traffic conflicts. This zone extends from Tsansar road to Chahlan road having ten sub zones with Education and residential as predominant uses. Provision of cluster centre, medical use and recreational facility is in the north of the division and educational use in PZ – D Education and Residential. the south with provision of Dak banglow/tourist huts. Most important corridor heading towards Ahrabal the famous tourist resort bisects the zone into two halves. Agriculture, Recreational This zone extends from Chahlan road to Chamgund road having Agriculture, PZ- E and Residential. Residential and Recreational as predominant uses. This division has twelve use

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zones. Placement of district park has been proposed in the west along Kewal Khul. The Agriculture and Horticulture use is in the south is proposed to be a restricted area with rider for construction of farm houses and packaging industry as per norms detailed out in the Master plan. Cluster centres are placed in the north in close proximity of cluster centre facility of zone C. Commercial activity centre is also proposed in the south along Parallel corridor with provision of flatted development as high density zone. Existing play field in the east along Chamgund road is proposed to be up graded by annexing more land with it. This zone extends from Chamgund road to Quazigund road via Pohal. This zone has nine us zones with Recreational, Medical and tourist oriented activity as predominant uses. Part of existing residential core area and district hospital

presently functional is in the north. Provision of sports centre with commercial and Recreational, Medical and PZ-F parking facility has been made in the south along Parallel corridor connecting Tourism. Amnoo with Lirow via Chatabal. Adequate space has been earmarked for Hotel/Hutment use in the south along Quazigund road. Some slopy areas in the south are proposed to be developed as social forestry for soil stabilisation. This zone extends from Quazigund road to Anantnag road with fourteen use zones having Traffic and Transportation as predominant use. Fruit Mandi and Regional

PZ-G Traffic and Transportation Bus Stand has already come up in this zone. Due to concentration of multipurpose and Commercial. activity like fruit mandi and truck terminal in the south and regional bus terminal in the north this zone is likely to generate enormous traffic movement, therefore,

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due care has been taken in planning road infrastructure to ensure smooth and efficient traffic network system. All the traffic bound for terminal centres and the fruit mandi shall have direct access to the Parallel corridor/Bye pass so that the main commercial hub (CBD) is relieved from excessive traffic congestion. This zone is likely to generate colossal activity; therefore, adequate provision of hotel and commercial uses has been made in this division. Provision for parking space has also been made to take care of excessive movement. In the east residential development with provision of cluster centres and recreational areas like parks and play fields has also been made, however, due necessary measures have been taken to make it pollution free by providing sufficient buffer in between.

Table 9.2: Kulgam Town – Uses Permitted and Permissible Uses Permissible on Approval by Land Use Zone Uses Permitted in Use Zone Uses not Permitted Competent Authority

Professional Offices attached to Residences (Private and Government) Guest Houses, Boarding house, Local Shops, Clubs, Public All uses not Residential Houses with Density limitations, Nurseries, Kinder Garden Utilities, Clinics, Household Industry, specifically Schools, Recreational Uses, Reading Rooms. Religious & Cultural, Petrol Filling mentioned above. stations. Industries including Manufacturing, Extraction, Service Industrial Residences for essential Industries, Agro- based such as Milk Dairy Bread Making, Oil staff; Transport Companies, Service All uses not Mills, Furniture Making, Fruit Canning, Service Industries such Industrial Stations, Petrol Filling Stations, Junk specifically as Repairs and Servicing Workshops, Extraction including Quarrying, Stone, Gravel and other Public Utility and Service Yards, Show Rooms, Shops not mentioned above. buildings. exceeding 3 in number, Restaurants.

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Parking Area, Shops, Restaurants, All uses not Government Government State and Central Offices, Offices of Corporations, Institutional, residences of specifically Autonomous Bodies NGOs and others. employees. mentioned above. Retail Shops, Business and Professional Offices, Services uses Petrol Filling Stations, Services like Traders, Barbers, Laundry, Dry Cleaner shops, All uses not Station, Service Industries which does Commercial Restaurants, entertainment places like Cinemas, Theatres, specifically not cause nuisance, Workshops & Specialized Market, Wholesale Market Mandi, Warehousing and mentioned above. Repair. Godowns, Building Material, Yards, Parking Areas, Recreational Dwelling and Professional establishments. Cultural Institutions, Libraries, Museum, Utility and Service buildings, Such as College, Polytechnic, Technical Institutions, Public and All uses not Research Laboratories etc. General and Specialized Hospitals, Parking areas, Petrol Filling Station, Semi- Public specifically Clinical Laboratories, Health Centres, Fire Station, Club, T.V. Shops, and Restaurants. mentioned above. and Radio Centres Telephone Exchange and Post Offices, Colleges, Hospitals, Polyclinics. Institutional Research Institutions All uses not

Uses including their ancillary facilities like specifically Residential Quarters, Utility Buildings. mentioned above. All uses not Recreational All Recreational Uses including Parks, Playgrounds Stadia, Restaurant Hotel, Huts & Dwellings. specifically Swimming Pool, Ponds. mentioned above. Inter-City and Intra-city Bus Terminals Depots, Workshops, Godowns, Cold Storage and Ware All uses not Transportation Truck Terminals, Aerodrome, Railway Station Yard, Goods Housing, Petrol Pump, Repair and specifically

Yards, Marshalling Yard, Parking Sites, Petrol Pumps. Service Stations and Services. mentioned above.

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Residential uses of all types (formal /informal/institutional) with group housing regulations etc. Informal Shopping, Retail All uses mentioned subject to shops, Showrooms, Services Centres / Shops, Restaurants, Mixed Use hierarchy of road network and All uses specifically Food Plazas, Cafes, Handicraft Bazaar & Urban Haat, Clinic, fulfillment of other physical/ancillary not mentioned Professional Office, Banks, Post Offices, Public buildings, requirements. Parking Lots, Museums, Art Gallery, Taxi Stand, and Cycle Stands. All uses not Police Line, District Police Line Thana, Police Post Station Work Shops, Residences, Shops, Defense specifically Cantonment, MES, ITBP, CRPF Or any Military Use. Offices, Recreational etc. mentioned above.

All uses not Different Uses permitted and covered in the definition of Farm Houses, Agro based Industries Agricultural agriculture in the related Urban & Regional Planning Act (s), to specifically with cold storage facility. preserve Agriculture land from onslaught of Urbanization. mentioned above.

All uses not Plantation Willow, Walnut, Orchards, Popular Horticulture Farms. No use except permitted use. specifically mentioned above.

The aim of enforcing the regulations is to achieve a desirable development pattern and structure with good quality of life. In order to ensure complete harmony between land uses, town has been divided into various Use Zones including Residential, Commercial, Industrial, Recreational, Public and Semi-Public, Transport and Communication, Agriculture, Plantation, Water Bodies etc. However, in enforcing Master Plan proposals the regulations have been made efficient to avoid inconvenience to general public. Mixed land use concept has also been adopted and prescribed which shall need approval of government. The adoption of mixed land use concept is to enhance the effectiveness and functionality of the uses and activities.

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9.2 Space Standards Space standards are fundamental to obtain the basic objective of Zoning Regulations to achieve desirable pattern of development in each use zone. Strict enforcement is needed to achieve articulated urban development as envisaged in the Master Plan. Table 9.3: Spatial Norms and Standards adopted in the Kulgam Master Plan-2038 S. No. Description Standard prescribed Plot Area/Unit (Acres) A Educational Facilities 1 Pre-Primary School 1 for 12500 0.3 2 Primary School - 0.5 3 Middle School - 2.5 4 Higher Sec School & High School - 5.0 5 Senior Secondary 1 for 7500 2.5 6 Integrated School (Hr. Sec. Sc.) 1 for 90000 6.0 7 Integrated School with Hostel 1000-1500 Students 9.75 8 School For Handicapped 400 Students/45000 Pop 1.25 9 College 1000-1500/1 Lac Pop 10.0 10 ITI 500 Students/ 10 Lac Pop 4.0 11 Polytechnic 400 Students/ 10 Lac Pop 6.0 12 Engineering College 1500-1700 students 75.0 13 Medical College 1500-1700 students 37.5 14 Professional College - 30.0 15 Special Institution - 2.0 - 3.0 16 Academic College - 10.0 - 15.0 17 Vocational Institute 1 for 50000 10.0 - 15.0 B Health Care Facilities 18 Health Unit/Dispensary 1 for 15000 0.2 19 Nursing Home/Maternity Centre 30 Beds/1 per 45000 0.8 20 Polyclinic 1 per 1 Lac Pop 0.1 21 General Hospital (400 Beds) 1 for 1 to 2 Lac 10.0 to 12.0 22 Intermediate Hospital (A) 200 Beds/1 Lac Pop 8.00

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23 Intermediate Hospital (Maternity) 80 Beds/ 1 Lac Pop 2.5 C Socio-Cultural Facilities 24 Community Room 1 per 5000 pop 0.2 25 Community Hall and Library 1 for 15000 0.5 26 Recreational Club 1 for 1 Lac 2.5 27 Music, Dance & Drama Centre 1 for 1 Lac 0.2 28 Socio-cultural Centre 1 for 10 Lac 37.5 29 Club Houses 1 for 1 Lac 1.0 30 Museum - 5.0 to 8.0 31 Community Centre 1 for 15000 0.5 32 Botanical /Zoological Park 1 for 1 Lac 37.5 33 Exhibition Area(s) 1 for 1 to 10 Lac 10 34 Cinema 1 for 1 Lac 0.7 35 Stadia/Sports Centre 1 for 1 Lac 20 36 Play Field 1 for 2500 1.2 37 Mini-Play Field 1 for 15000 3.7 38 Religious Place/Structure 1 for 2000 (for all Communities) 0.3 39 Religious Place/Structure 1 for 10000 (for all Communities) 1.3 40 Graveyard 1 for 20000 5.75 41 Cremation Ground 1 for 50000 1.25 D Distribution Services 42 Post & Telegraph Office 1 for 1.5 Lac 1/4 to 1.2 43 Post Office 1 for 40000 0.4 44 Telephone Exchange - 0.5 45 Petrol Pump 1 per 225 ha of Gross Residential Density 0.4 46 Milk Booth 1 for 5000 0.04 47 LPG Godown 1 for 50000 0.13 48 Electricity Sub-Station 11 KV 1 for 15000 0.2 49 Electricity Sub-Station 66 KV 1 for 1 Lac 2.7 E Police and Fire Services 50 Police Station 1 for 90000 3.75 51 Police Post 1 for 40000 0.4

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52 District Jail 1 for 10 Lac 25 53 Fire Station 1 for 90000 0.75 F Slaughter House

54 Slaughter House 1 for 1 Lac 0.8 55 Abattoir 1 for 1 Lac 1.2

9.2.1 Density The residential density given in the landuse Plan - 2038 for different residential nodes shall have to be followed in permitting the development till detailed zonal plans are formulated. Zoning regulations provide an effective restraint against non- conforming use, high densities, and congestion shall be enforced for achieving better living environment. During enforcement of the Plan, compatibility of uses shall be maintained unless deemed necessary by competent authority. For each zone, regulation governing ground coverage, set-backs, floor area ratio and parking requirements have been detailed which shall be followed to achieve better living environment.

Table 9.4: Density, Ground Coverage and Floor Space Index in Residential Areas Maximum height from Ground Gross Density Maximum Ground Coverage Maximum F.S.I level to ridge top. (persons per hectare) (%age) (Feet) Up to 120 40 0.80 27 121-180 40 1.00 30 181-240 35 1.05 37 241-300 35 1.05 37

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Table 9.5: Building bye-laws – Ground coverage, FSI and Setbacks Master Plan Kulgam - 2038 Maximum Maximum Minimum Set-backs S. No. Building Type Ground FSI/ FAR (in feet) Coverage Front Rear Other two sides 1 Residential in a plot Upto 1000 Sft - - 10′ 6′ 8′/Blind 1000 – 1500 Sft - - 15′ 8′ 8′/Blind 1500 – 5000 Sft - - 15′ 10′ 10′ 2000 – 5000 Sft - - 20′ 10′ 10′ Above 5000 Sft - - 20′ 15′ 10′ 2 Educational Institutions 35% 1.05 25′ 25′ 10′ 3 Clubs, Libraries & Community Centres 30% 0.90 25′ 25′ 10′ 4 Commercial Buildings ((out skirts)) 40% 1.60 15′ 15′ 10′ 5 Office Buildings 40% 1.60 20′ 15′ 10′ 6 Factories & Industrial Units 40% 1.0 25′ 20′ 20′ 7 Warehousing & Storage Sheds 50% 1.0 25′ 15′ 15′ 8 Fire Station 20% 0.50 15′ 15′ 15′ 9 Post & Telegraphic Office 50% 1.25 15′ 10′ 10′ 10 Police Station 25% 0.75 30′ 15′ 15′ 11 Cinema Halls 30% 0.75 50′ 25′ 25′ 12 Slaughter House 50% 1.20 50′ 25′ 25′ 13 Religious Buildings 50% 1.25 15′ 10′ 10′ 14 Sarai 40% 1.0 30′ 10′ 10′ 15 Commercial Buildings (Within core area) 50% 1.60 15′ 10′ 10′

 In case of residential structures one side could be permitted to remain blind with no set-backs if the minimum set-back of 10’ (ten feet) is provided on the other three sides of the building in the form of semi-detached/row-housing.

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 In case of residential structures, relaxation by 10% (maximum) of the ground coverage otherwise prescribed in the Master Plan shall be granted for the benefit of an applicant for plots of less than 1000 sft area.  In case of old and congested parts, the ground coverage and FSI shall be permitted up to 60% and 1.80 respectively with relaxation in the setback norms to be decided by Building Operations Controlling Authority (BOCA).  Side set-backs and rear side of any structure in any plot shall be permitted in such a manner so as it shall not deprive abutting structures from ventilation/sunlight throughout a day. Minimum Side set-backs of 10 feet each shall, therefore, be provided on east and north sides of the plot for a two storeyed structure. In case height of the structure is permitted more than two storeys, set-backs on east and north side shall not be less than one third or one third of the height of the ridge top from ground level whichever is more. In the case of any structure with blind faced on east and north sides, permission could be granted in adjacent plots with 5(five) feet set-backs for opening or eaves projections of the structure on these two sides. If the plot is facing north and east set-backs prescribed in table above shall be applied.  Car parking provision shall be made as per the standard provisions with an area of 180 Sq. feet sub-surface parking and 240 Sfts per car space of surface car parking for commercial establishment, hotels, institutional area, office area, utilities and facilities. Commercial area : 1.25 ECS per 100 sq. mt. of total Floor area Institutional area : 10 ECS for 100 persons Hotels : one ECS for two lettable rooms  In other cases, car parking requirement shall be on the basis of bye-laws or worked out by competent authority which shall take into cognizance all facts of development and advancement of society and growing requirements.  Basement shall be allowed to be constructed especially in Central Business District for the purposes of provision of services to the main use of the structure. In case basement is constructed for parking purposes, it shall not be counted for FSI/FAR. The purpose for which basement is proposed to be constructed shall be strictly enforced to avoid the change of use.  No portion of any building, balcony, Chajja, steps or other projections shall be allowed beyond the set-back line prescribed in these regulations.

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 Projections, windows, door openings, roof slopes, outlet or any other thing which may establish any easement right or infringe on the adjacent, private or public property shall not be permissible.  In frontage/road side set back shall be measured from the extreme end of the right of way prescribed under the Master Plan or from the start of the property line. Relaxation to the rule may, however, be given by the competent authority in case of shop provided that building line specified here-in-before are not violated.  Set-back limitations prescribed above are not, however, applicable for erecting or re-erecting Lavatory block or Garage or any such accessory building or a shop in a shopping centre of single storey height incidental to the main use of building provided that easement rights of adjacent plot holders are not encroached upon in any way and such an accessory building is kept away from other adjacent building (if existing) by a distance not less than one third height of that adjacent building.  Ground Coverage and set-back limits for Offices, Industries, Public structure and Commercial establishments may be adjusted according to site condition in consultation with the Office of the Town Planning Organisation in case there is difficulty in adopting the limitation stated in these regulations.  In cases, above set-back restrictions are not practicable or where the front of the building falls on the north and east sides, Town Planning Organisation as competent Authority may prescribe requirements of set-backs as it may deem necessary. The competent Authority shall keep regard for future widening of roads and/or streets, ventilation of abutting building in adjacent plots, ground coverage and heights of building prescribed in these regulations.  The Construction of Farm House shall be allowed only on the possession of more than 5 kanals of land adjacent to proposed structure. Ground coverage and FSI shall be determined by competent authority as required but shall in no case be more than 5%.

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9.3 Facade Control Measures Last three decades of senseless residential and other constructions have resulted in the traditional aesthetics becoming the major casualty. Most of the constructions have skewed proportions using imported material without any consideration for ethnic material and proportion which has drastically affected the traditional character of the Valley towns. Guidelines have been prepared to create a cohesive design character, utilizing a fairly limited vocabulary of design features that reinforces the typical character of Kashmir’s towns. The intent is to have each building and other man-made feature contribute to the character of the area so that there is an identifiable mountain resort image instead of a disparate collection of individual components and a cluster formation of units. The design concept will take inspiration from the mountain architecture and planning emphasizing sloping roofs, and abundant use of natural materials-primarily timber and local stone. All development proposals must be in compliance with the land-uses prescribed in Master plan and comply with the prescribed guidelines that will position Kulgam as the an attractive town in the map of Kashmir valley.

9.3.1 Design concepts and proportions of Building Elements The shape of the building will be determined by its functional mass. False appurtenances and decorative architectural elements with no function will not be permitted. It is intended that the style be rustic, solid and true, with its elegance and grace provided by good proportions, good massing and good relationship to the other buildings.

9.3.2 Land Slope and Contours Design must evolve considering zero or minimal alteration of existing slopes and contours. Slope cutting shall not be allowed to accommodate any structure that is not compatible to slopes and contours.

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9.3.3 Land Forms and Geographical Character of soil Land forms and geographical character must be respected while planning any road access and the raising of structure and its allied infrastructure. No retaining wall of concrete or stone shall be permitted for forced placement of any building.

9.3.4 Impact on Environment Services such as garbage disposal, waste water management, Sewerage etc. shall be individually or collectively managed to leave underground or above ground resources unpolluted.

9.3.5 Energy Efficient Planning All building placements, their windows and roof slopes along with tree foliage shall be planned to achieve maximum energy efficient designs in order to reduce dependence on mechanical and non-renewable energy resources which otherwise are environmentally and financially expensive.

9.4 Roofs  Roofs will be of utmost importance to the visual landscape of the resort, as they will be viewed from above further up the mountain. Sloping roofs and overhangs are a required element in all building design of mountain resorts with minimum of 30 degree slope considering heavy snowfall in the valley.  The main roof form should be articulated with a combination of full-scale gables and dormers that provide windows to habitable spaces and facilitate achieving balance with mountain as backdrop.  Roof finishes are important as they are highly visible from the ski slopes and should be preferably be of natural slate or ribbed metal in fast green colour.  Eaves should project at least two feet on all sides of a roof and Eaves, fascias, bargeboards and soffits should be or appear to be of natural wood.

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9.5 Wall Finishes and Foundations  All foundations above ground shall be either of rubble stone walls or finished with stone fascia.  The main floor must create a strong connection to the ground with a solid base rising at least to window sill height or plinth level. Curtain wall forms of glass, metal or concrete panels are not to be permitted. Components of building facades such as wooden frame of doors and windows will contribute to the timber theme and are strongly encouraged.

9.6 Colours  Doors should be of natural wood colours. Window frames and mullions in traditional colours of natural wood, brown, black, white, forest green or Pompeii red are preferred over other colours.  Earth tones that are compatible with other buildings will be encouraged. Colours in glaring contrast with other buildings will be discouraged.

9.7 Outdoor Elements The main criteria to be followed will be the retention or regeneration of the natural landscape, enhanced to create an air of quality to the resort.  Sun consideration must be given to decks and patios. Existing trees should be preserved.  Street furniture items should be of rustic materials such as stone and solid wood-in benches, kiosks and barriers.  Textured surface treatments for pedestrian walkway and plaza areas should be small in scale, durable and attractive. Asphalt will not be permitted as a walkway finish. Plain concrete is discouraged. Concrete pavers and paving stones are encouraged.

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9.8 Public Outdoor Activities and Spaces Building owners should cooperate with the Planning and Development Authority to ensure that all public plaza areas have a program of activities including entertainment, displays and spaces assigned for educational activities, meeting places and starting points for walking and hiking tours.

Interpretation These guidelines have been prepared for the proposed development of the area and should be considered as a permanent design direction of the Master Plan. However, in the event of conflict between these Guidelines and other constraints of the Master Plan, the Master Plan and zoning bylaws will prevail and these guidelines must be viewed as supplementary.

9.9 Group Housing (Colonies): 9.9.1 Flatted Development: Minimum Land Requirement/plot size 8 kanals Max. Ground Coverage 35% Max. FSI 1.40 Maximum Height 15 mts. Minimum Setbacks to be determined @ one- third of the height of each building or 25’-0” whichever is maximum. Note: a) Maximum of 2.5% of the plot area (in addition to main use applied for) shall be reserved for commercial use with provision of shops in the ground floor and office space in the first floor; b) Maximum of 5% of the plot area shall be reserved for community uses such as marriage hall, religious building, library, reading room, club etc; c) 40% of the total plot area shall be preserved as tot-lots, play fields, public parks and other open spaces; d) Basement, if constructed and used for parking, services and for essential storage and for providing facilities shall not be counted in FAR. e) 25% of the total floor area shall be reserved for low income group; f) The basement area may be upto 75% of the built up area which shall not be included in FAR if used for Parking/back-up services;

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g) Minimum 1.5 car space per dwelling unit shall be provided for HIG Housing and minimum one ECS per dwelling unit shall be provided for MIG and LIG housing. h) Stilts, open balconies, lift stairs; lift ducts shall not be counted in FAR.

9.9.2 Housing Colonies 1. An individual or a group of persons or a co-operative society or firm intending to plot out an estate of 20 Kannals minimum shall give notice in writing to the competent authority which will be accompanied by a layout plan of entire land showing the areas allotted for roads, open spaces, plot and public buildings, the specification of the roads, drains and other infrastructures. 2. Min. Width of road i) Housing colony up to 50 Kanals Entry from the main road shall not be less than 30’ and no internal road shall be less than 20’-0”. ii) Housing colony beyond 50 Kanals Entry from the main road shall not be less than 50’ and no internal road shall be less than 20’-0”. 3. No housing colony shall have area under commercial use more than 3% of total area. 4. After the developed land is sold by the developer the roads and drains etc. constructed by the developer shall be transferred to the Municipality for their maintenance. 5. Land use of the layout plan approved by the competent authority shall not be changed unless with the prior consent of the competent authority. Note: a. Maximum of 2.5% of plot area in addition to the main use applied for) shall be reserved for commercial use with provision of shops in the ground floor and office space in the first floor; b. Maximum of 5% of the plot area shall be reserved for community uses as marriage hall, religious buildings, graveyards, library, reading room, club etc; c. 15% of the total plot area shall be preserved as tot-lots, play fields, public parks and other open spaces; d. 25% of the total floor area shall be reserved for low income group;

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Use of Building  Any building, the main or accessory, shall not be allowed to be used for any purpose other than the use specified in the Master Plan.  Any use detrimental to the locality by reason of emission, smoke, noise, odor, vibration, dust or fumes shall not be permissible.

Minimum Size of Plots Except the single storey shops, no building shall be erected or re-erected for:

 A plot which has an area of less than 1000 Sft and an average width of less than 20 feet or a depth of less than 30 feet shall not be allowed to be permitted for residential activity.  Other purposes on any plot which has an area not less than standard size allocated in the Master Plan.

Height of the Building Maximum height of a residential dwelling with hipped roof shall be measured from the ground level to the ridge top which shall not exceed 50’ (fifty feet) in case of high rise development and not more than 30’ (thirty feet) in low rise residential development. In case the roof is flat the height shall be measured from ground level to the top level of parapet and the height shall be restricted to 24’ (twenty four feet). Block Length Where the building Residential/Official or any other use contiguous, the length of the building block shall not be more than 120’ (one hundred twenty feet) from one end to another after which a fire gap or fire protection wall as will be deemed necessary by the Technical Authority, shall be provided.

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Orientation New construction in the township should be oriented in such a way so that these structures have maximum exposure to the solar radiation. In case of planned row housing, buildings should be spaced reasonably apart, so that these do not obstruct the sun light. For the proper orientation of Government/other buildings if needed technical assistance must be sought by the concerned local authority from Town Planning Organisation Kashmir.

Architectural and Façade Control The construction of new buildings, re-erection or alteration should be strictly developed in such a way that the development is architecturally compatible and blends with traditional Architecture. The street along the major corridors and in nodal activity areas should be in harmony with typical Kashmiri Architecture and should not lead to architectural eye-sores.

9.10 Disaster Management All structures—public, semi-public or private—permitted for construction shall include earthquake resistant measures with respect to design, constructional technology and material. These shall be made safe for all types of disasters including floods, earthquakes and fire. For this purpose a certificate from qualified Town Planner/Engineers shall be enclosed with the Plan prior to any permission by the Building Permission Authority. In case of ambiguities in interpretation of land uses due to problems of scale, clarification shall be made from Master Plan Report with the help of Competent Authority.

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Chapter – 10

(STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS, RESOURCE MOBILIZATION AND IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY)

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CHAPTER 10: STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS, RESOURCE MOBILIZATION AND IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY

10.1 Stakeholder Analysis

Primary Stakeholders: Are those ultimately affected, either positively (beneficiaries) or negatively by decisions or the policy of the Master Plan.

Secondary Stakeholders: These are the intermediaries in the project design and implementation process.

Key Stakeholders: They can significantly influence, or are important to the success of a project.

Table 10.1: Stakeholders’ Table for the proposed Master Plan Provisions

Relative Priority Stakeholders Interests Potential Project Impact of Interests Secondary Stakeholders Achievement of planned growth Kulgam Municipal and economic development Long term policy/Vision Document Priority I Committee targets Preservation of horticulture land Increase in horticulture produce to Horticulture Department Priority I from the inroads of urbanization sustain rural economy Preservation of prime agriculture Increase in horticulture produce to Agriculture Department land from the inroads of Priority I sustain rural economy urbanization Other Government Physical and Social Infrastructure Infrastructure Development Priority I Departments

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Primary Stakeholders Share in economic development Rural Population Economic and Social and social infrastructure/Poverty Priority I reduction Share in the economic Urban Population Economic growth Priority I development Business and Craftsman Economic Economic benefits Priority I Economic and social well-being of Cooperatives Economic and social benefits Priority I the communities Shopkeepers/Hoteliers Business Growth of businesses Priority I etc. External Stakeholders

Politicians Political Influence Positive

Religious leaders Social and religious influence Positive

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Figure 10.1: Matrix Classification of stakeholders according to relative influence on and importance to the proposed Master Plan High importance 6 7 A B Secondary Stakeholders 1 1. Kulgam Municipal Committee 5 2 2. Horticulture Department 3 3. Agriculture Department 4 4. Other Govt. Departments 9 Primary Stakeholders 5. Rural Population 6. Urban Population 8 7. Business and craftsman D 10 C 9 8. Cooperatives External Stakeholders 9. Politicians 10. Religious leaders

Low importance

Low influence High influence

 Boxes A, B, C are the key stakeholders of the project and will strongly influence outcome of the Master Plan.

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 Box A has stakeholders of high importance but with low influence and therefore will require special mechanisms if their interests are to be protected.  Box B has stakeholders appearing to have a high degree of influence on the project and are also of importance to the project. Development of good working relationship among these stakeholders can ensure the effective coalition of support for the project.  Box C has stakeholders of high influence, who can therefore affect the project outcomes, but whose interests are not the target of the project.  Box D has stakeholders of low importance and influence and will require limited monitoring and management as they are of low priority.

10.2 Implementation Strategy After the formal submission of Master Plan for Kulgam Town, the local area thereby declared would come under the purview of Kulgam Municipal Committee for planning and development of Greater Kulgam as an upcoming class II town and its location on way to famous tourist destination of Ahrabal known to be one of the famous waterfalls the world over. With an objective of developing Kulgam as a self-sustained town, the proposals of the Master Plan felt the need of having a long-term policy framework to guide its development in a cohesive and sustainable manner. Town Planning Organisation, Kashmir prepared the Master Plan for Kulgam with due recognition of its fragile environs and rich horticulture resource base. Special planning considerations were adopted while preparing the master plan. To preserve the critical areas like water bodies, rich horticulture/agriculture areas etc, effective measures like permissible ground coverage, FAR/FSI, setbacks etc have been proposed in the Master plan.

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10.3 Institutional Framework Given the present organizational structure, the Master Plan proposes that Kulgam Planning and Development Authority (Municipal Committee) should take effective measures aimed at capacity building and institutional restructuring of its organization. It is proposed that the Authority shall strengthen its technical manpower by employing qualified town planners, engineers, architects, and landscape architects etc to execute proposed development activities and make delivery of services efficient. In order to render Master plan a successful exercise, it is proposed that a vibrant and proactive enforcement wing with state-of-the- art technology shall be established in consultation with concerned line departments Of Kulgam Town.

10.4 Phasing of Development  With limited resources in hand, debarring from horticulture resources, the Master plan asserts that Kulgam Municipal Committee should evolve a scientific mechanism for resource mobilization and implementation of development proposals. It has been proposed that private participation shall be encouraged to cater the potential infrastructure demand during horizon period of 20 years. It is urged that Kulgam Municipal Committee shall provide a conducive environment for public- private-participation and should develop a mechanism to safeguard the area from destruction through effective checks on development carried out by private developers  To develop Kulgam as a leading class II town, the Master plan proposes that due to its location on way to famous tourist destination of Ahrabal hill resort has to be developed in its regional context also. Based on priority of targets, potential demand and fiscal investment, it is held that the master plan will have a horizon period of 20 years to be implemented in four phases with 3,5,5 and 5 years duration. The master plan for Kulgam is proposed to be implemented from financial year 2018 to 2038.  In spite of the fact that Kulgam has vast potential in the field of horticulture, however, unlike other urban centers in Kashmir Region, the area could not take off for want of adequate infrastructure essential for urban development. To

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promote development, it is proposed to prioritize development in such a way that initially those components are proposed that would induce spontaneous development in the region and connectivity to all major urban centers. It proposes that Phase – I shall comprise all those components which may act as catalysts and contain multiplying effects for development. Therefore, apart from road connectivity, acquisition for development of housing colony, dislocation and rehabilitation of shops and residential structures at major road intersections shall be taken up in phase – I and phase-II. The follow-up phases i.e.; Phase –III and IV shall have thrust on industrial expansion, land acquisition for expansion of bus terminal centre, truck terminal and fruit mandi. The Master plan being a guiding policy document asserts that possibilities have to be explored to check migration to other major urban centers by providing the entire infrastructure envisaged in the Master Plan.

Table 10.2: Phasing Of Development for Horizon Period Horizon Period Development Facility/Service Phase – I Phase – II Phase – III Phase – IV Component (2019-2023) (2024-2028) (2029-2033) (2034-2038) Development of a parallel corridor Roads connecting Shurat with Amnoo Development of parallel corridor

connecting Amnoo with Lirow via

Chatabal,Chahlan Link between Laro and Tsansar via

Kharot Dislocation/rehabilitation of dislocated shops/residential structures at main intersections Link between Lirow and Tsansar Link between Tsansar and Sangus Link between Sangus and Quazigund

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junction behind D.C’S office. Link between Sangus –Quazigund link to

Shurat Widening along D.C’s office road to

connect it with Chamgund road. Link connecting Shurat-Ahrabal via Sangus Alternative parallel corridor

with Laro junction

Housing Acquisition of land for housing colonies Education Health Administrative Utilities and

Services Acquisition of land for expansion of Industrial Area Industrial Area Acquisition for expansion of Fruit Fruit Mandi Mandi Bus terminal Acquisition of land for extension of

centres terminal centre. Truck Acquisition of land for truck terminal

Terminals centre. Community Post & Telegraph Facilities Health & Education Stadium Extension of existing stadium Banking Facility Fire Station

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Solid waste management Community shopping Water Supply and Sanitation Electricity Parks and Dev. of buffers along roads Gardens Development of Public Parks/play

fields Dev. & Beautification of river fronts

10.5 Resource Mobilization Implementation of master plan generally requires massive financial investment, mobilization of which is a complex task. In the pursuit of spatial development, the government should not always be expected to spend money or participate directly in development activities rather private resources should also be appropriately mobilized. The role of private sector shall be duly recognized and utilized in plan implementation. As a general fiscal policy on resource mobilization, it would be desirable to have a proper mix of public and private sectors, both playing a symbiotic role in such a way that the public infrastructure programme is implemented through budgetary sources and marketed infrastructure and facilities are provided through private sector while a joint venture could also be explored where practical.The local authority as such has to come up with innovative fiscal instruments and ways to mobilize financial resources. No doubt Kulgam Municipal Committee is handicapped by fragile fiscal base, resource mobilization efforts therefore, have to consist of a number of policy interventions at the state and local levels. One of the ways to enhance fiscal capabilities of the local authority is to shed some of its functions and evolve alternative institutional arrangements for the performance of such functions. Already some headway has been made in this regard in other parts of our country. Boo, BOT, BOOT, OMT, OWMT, DBFOT etc are emerging variations of such partnership arrangements, which need to be explored.

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Resource Mobilization especially in terms of fiscal investment during horizon period of master plan for achieving targets is proposed in the light of alternative investment models. Attempt has been made to explore potential areas of investment for private investors especially in the operation and maintenance of infrastructure created by YDA. As such master plan proposes a restrained role for private sector participation with respect to fragile environs and environmental sustainability of the area. It is felt that private investment in certain selective areas of development will provide necessary impetus for infrastructure development in the area.

10.6 Review and Monitoring of Master Plan Master Plan is a guiding policy exploring the potential frontiers of development. Master Plan is more perspective in nature and provides sufficient scope for accommodation of future development. Being a ‘rolling plan’ it is proposed that Kulgam Master Plan (2018-2038) shall be revised periodically to make it more relevant and responsive to changing circumstances. Master Plan has been so devised that it shall remain responsive to necessary amendments and ever changing financial positions of implementing agencies during the horizon period. As such, Master Plan proclaims “inherent flexibility through simplification of zoning regulations etc” thereby; rendering it more responsive to necessary adjustments and/or re-adjustments based on physical development and ground realities. It envisages that “Master Plan of Greater Kulgam is not an un-changeable landuse plan” while piece meal adjustments and/or re-adjustments shall remain invariably incessant in the implementation of its proposals. During implementation and enforcement of various proposals of Master Plan, piece meal modifications made in the landuse or in the basic framework of policies of land development, should be incorporated in the Plan and corrections so made be updated at the close of every five-year (maximum) plan period. It is proposed that a mechanism for monitoring the progress of master plan is established on sound footing at appropriate levels by the state Government. It is also proposed that a vibrant and proactive enforcement wing with state-of-the- art technology shall be established by State Government in consultation with concerned line departments to monitor the progress of master plan proposals.

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Annexure – ‘A’ (Local Area of Master Plan Kulgam – 2038) A. Urban Areas 1. Kulgam i. Asthanpora ii. Reshipora iii. Rangriz iv. Bonugam v. Shaksaz Mohalla vi. Ziarat Sharief vii. Kumar Mohalla viii. Ganiepora, Mohalla ix. Sheikh Mohalla x. Laripora 2. Chawalgam 3. Chatabal 4. Punipora 5. Sangus 6. Tsansar 7. Larro 8. Amnoo 9. Challan B. Urban Villages 1. Lirow 2. Kharot Khalsa 3. Shurat Jagir 4. Kharot Jagir 5. Shurat Khalsa 6. Challan

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Annexure – ‘B’

Proposed Landuse Plan - 2038

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