DOCSLIB.ORG

Synopsis of Biological Data for the Winter Flounder, Pseudo Pleuronectes Americanus (Walbau M)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

414 NOAA Technical Report NMFS Circular 414 Synopsis of Biological Data for the Winter Flounder, Pseudo pleuronectes americanus (Walbau m) November 1 978 Is s Technical ircuIar 414 u A1MOsp,, Synopsis of Bioog LW( for the Winter Flounder, i Pseudopleuronectes arnericanus fNTO (Walbaum) Grace Klein-MacPhee November 1 978 FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 117 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Juanita M. Kreps, Secretary National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Richard A. Frank, Administrator National Marine Fisheries Service ational 1rine Fisheries Service (NMFS) does not approve, rec- oinnend or endorse any proprietary product orproprietary material nntioned in this publication. No reference shall be made to NMFS, or ohis publication furnished by NMFS, in any advertising or saies pro- :uion which would indicate or imply that NMFS approves, recommends o ondorses any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned herein, or which has as its purpose an intent to cause directly or indirectly Lh advertised product to be used or purchased because of this NMFS ublication. CONTENTS Page i Identity i 1.1 Nomenclature i 1.2 Taxonomy 1.3 Morphology 2 2 Distribution 3 2.1 Total area 3 2.2 Differential distribution 4 2.3 Determinants of distribution 4 2.4 Hybridization 5 3 Bionomics and life history 5 3.1 Reproduction 5 3.2 Preadult phase 6 3.3 Adult phase 9 3.4 Nutrition and growth 12 3.5 Behavior 23 4 Population 25 4.1 Structure 25 4.2 Abundance and density 26 4.3 Natality and recruitment 29 4.4 Mortality and morbidity 30 4.5 Dynamics of the population as a whole 31 4.6 The population in the community and the ecosystem 31 5 Fishing 34 5.1 Fishing equipment 34 5.2 Fishing areas 35 5.3 Fishing seasons 35 5.4 Fishing operations and results 36 6 Protection and management 36 6.1 Regulatory (legislative) measures 36 6.3 Control or alteration of chemical features of the environment 36 6.4 Control or alteration of the biological features of the environment 39 7 Pond fish culture 39 7.1 Procurement of stock 39 7.2 Spawning 39 Synop'is of Biological Data for the Winter Flounder, Pseudopteuronectes americanus (Walbaum) GRACE KLEIN-MacPHEE' ABSTRACT This monograph contains a synopsis of selected pertinent papers covering biological and tech- nical data of the winter flounder, Pseudopleuronecte8 americanus, including life history, taxonomy, physiology, disease, ecology, population dynamics, commercial and sports fishery, behavior, environ- mental effects, and culture. One hundred and fifty-four published reports and 12 unpublished reports are covered. Twenty-one figures are included. Literature up to and including 1976 is covered. I IDENTITY ClassOsteichthys OrderPleuronectiformes (Heterosomata) 1.1 Nomenclature FamilyPleuronectidae After Jordan et al. 1930:227 and Norman 1934:345. Generic (data from Norman 1934) 1.11 Valid scientific name Pseudopleuronectes. Bleeker 1862. Versl. Akad. Wet. Amsterdam, xiii, p. 428. Pseudopleuronectes americarws (Walbaum) [Pleuronectes planos Mitchill]; Norman 1933, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) xi, p. 220. 1.12 Subjective synonomy Limandella. Jordan and Starks 1906. Proc. U.S. Nati. Mus., xxxi, p. 204. Pleuronectes. Schöepf 1788. Schrift. Ges. Nat. Freunde [Pleuronectes vokohamae Günther.] Berlin, VIII, p. 148. Pleuronectesamericanus Walbaum1792.Artedi GenericBody ovate, compressed. Eyes on right side Ichth.(3), ed.2,P. 113 (based on the flounder of separated by narrow naked or scaled ridge, upper eye Schöepf). close to edge of head; postocular ridge, if present, rugose; Pleuronectes planus Mitchill 1814. Rep. Fishes New snout and eyeballs not scaled. Olfactory laminae, paral- York, p. 8. lel, without rachis. Mouth moderate sized, length of Platessa plana. Storer 1893. Boston J. Nat. Hist,, ii, p. maxillary on blind side less than one-third that of head, 475; Rep. Ichth. Mass., p. 140. jaws and dentition stronger on blind side, no more than Platessa pusilla De Kay 1842. Nat. Hist., New York six teeth on ocular side of either jaw, teeth compact in- (Fish), p. 296, pI. xivil; fig. 153 (New York). cisorlike, close-set, sometimes forming continuous cut- Pseudopleuronectes planus. Bleeker 1862. Versi. ting edge, not enlarged anteriorly, uniserial in both jaws; Akad. Wet. Amsterdam, xiii, p. 428. vomer toothless. Gill rakers few, lower pharyngeals nar- Pseudopleuronectesamericanus.Gill1864.Proc. row,120-180 mm in length, slender, not much ap- Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., xvi, p. 216. proximated anteriorly, inner edges evenly curved, each Pseudopleuronec tesdignabilis Kendall 1912. Bull. with widely separated rows of conical teeth. Dorsal fin U.S. Bur. Fish., xxx, (1910), p, 392, pl. lvii (Georges less than 85 rays beginning behind posterior nostril of Bank). blind side and above eye; all rays simple, some scaled on ocular side; tip of first interhaemal spine projecting in 1.2 Taxonomy front of anal fin which has less than 65 rays. Pectoral fin of ocular side usually larger than one on blind side; mid- 1.21 Affinities dle rays branched. Caudal fin 13 or 14 branched rays; caudal peduncle short to moderate in length. Scales Suprageneric small, adherent, imbricate (at least anteriorly) ctenoid or PhylumChordata cycloid; spinules, if present, short, few; no supplementary SubphyiumVertehrata scales, lateral line curved above pectoral fin, supratem- poral branch is present without posterior prolongations. Vent median or slightly on blind side between peivics. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Intestine narrow, elongate, with three or more coils; 3+1 Laboratory, South Ferry Road, Narragansett, RI 02882. pyloric appendages moderate or rather elongate. Three i species, one from Atlantic coast of North America; two Interorbital ridge nearly naked; tips of gill rakers from Japan. sharply pointed; 68-75 scales in lateral line; den- tal formula2 Specific O + 14-23 1. P. herzensteini. 2-6 + 19-24 Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Walbaum 1792) (Fig. 1). Interorbital ridge scaled; tips of gill rakers rounded or obtusely pointed; 75-90 scales in lateral line; dental formula 0-3 + 8-16 2. P. yokohamae. 0-4 + 12-20 II. Interorbital space flat, scaled, width one-third to one- half diameter of eye; postocular ridge not rugose; 78- 89 scales in lateral line 3 P. americanas. 1.22 Taxonomic status MorphoSpecies. 1.23 Subspecies See section 1.31 1.24 Standard common names, vernacular names Winter flounder, blackback, Georges Bank flounder, lemon sole, flounder, sole, flatfish, rough flounder, (Bige- low and Schroeder 1953). Plie rouge, carrelet (Leim and Scott 1986). 1.3 Morphology 1.31 External morphology Gill rakers 7-8 (lower anterior arch); lateral-line scales 78-89; fin rays, dorsal 59-71(73), anal 47-54(46), pec- toral 10-11 (5-7 branched); caudal 19 (13 branched); ver- tebrae 36 (10+26); pyloric caecae 3+1; dental formula 0-2 + 10-15(Norman 1934). See also Table 1. 0-2 + 10-17 1.32 Geographic variation In 1912 W. C. Kendall described the Georges Bank Figure 1.Adult winter flounder. flounder as a new species, Pseudopleuronectes dig- nabilis. He stated that the most conspicuous differential Typenot traced. characteristics of this "species" are shorter head, larger number of vertical fin rays, color, and larger size (Ken- Lateral line nearly straight, dorsal fin originatesop- dall 1912). There is also a different spawning season posite forward edge of eye and is nearly equal in height (April-May). throughout its length. Ventral fins alikeon two sides of Perlmutter (1947) compared counts of winter flounder body, both separated. Synopsis of the species is taken north and south of Cape Cod and from Georges Bank, He from Norman (1934:342). felt that Georges Bank flounder had significantly dif- ferent dorsal, pectoral, and anal fin ray counts showing Synopsis of the Species there was little mixing of this stock with other winter flounder stocks. I.Eyes separated by a ridge, which is nakedor scaled, width less than one-fourth diameter ofeye; postocular Dental formula occular aide + blind side (upper jaw) ridge rugose. occular side + blind side (lower jaw) 2 Table 1.-Comparison of fin ray counts of winter flounder by 8everal spawning time (Marcb'borfl) 'j investigators. the National Marine Fisheries Jsc. Pectoral Reference and showed that, in March, water Lenje:' Dorsal rays Anal rays rays locality 1.7° to 5.4°C This is higlia' Gloucester, Mass TheC0'':'i Kendall (1909) spawn at higher ternpa'1' .' 'j P. dignabilis ray number. Norman (i - 68-78 2 70.6 50-54 2 52.3 (Georges Bank) 61-67 î 64.7 46-502 48 P. anoericanus represent a distinct racs wit,' i . - as described by Kendall (1t.(' Perlmutter (1947) Lobell (1939) believec cc oic 63.97 ± 2.51 47.83 ± 1.82 9.84 ± 0.68North of Cape Cod Long Island Sound smc 64.05 ± 2.29 47.73 ± 1.88 10.08 ± 0.59South of Cape Cod Georges Bank localities occur siniulvr: 68.93 ± 2.53 51.30 ± 1.96 10.58 ± 0.62 (P. digna bilis) points relatively distant. X X Lux et al. (1970) 2 DISTRIBUTION 64.94 48.89 Cape Cod Bay (North) 66.87 50.42 East. Vineyard Sound (South) 2.1 Total area Date Georges Bank Atlantic coast of No tP 1963 69.53 51.94 (P. dignabilis) the offshore fishing baiPc 1964 69.58 52.14 1966 70.28 52.61 ter flounder is cornmc' North Shore of the Gul n Bay. The extremes of ¿' Lux et al. (1970) compared dorsal and anal fin ray of the Grand Banks. tii counts on winter flounder from inshore waters off gava Bay, Labrador (.cdcF Massachusetts north and south of Cape Cod and from Beaufort, N.C., the so'm LII Georges Bank. An examination of water temperature at (Hildebrand and Schrc fl. Y fl 800 75° 700 65° 60° // / OH? d SOR HORROR, BOO ROO 0*50? HOOK 5 O Ha RL ES ron AREA 21 (MAJOR FISHING AREAS 30° FOR FAOSTATISTICAL PURPOSES) Figure 2.-Range of winter flounder.
Recommended publications
  • (Symphurus Plagiusa) and the Offshore Tonguefish (S

    (Symphurus Plagiusa) and the Offshore Tonguefish (S

    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2003 The ecology of two estuarine-dependent tonguefishes, the blackcheek tonguefish (Symphurus plagiusa) and the offshore tonguefish (S. civitatium), in coastal Louisiana Theodore Scott wS itzer Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons Recommended Citation Switzer, Theodore Scott, "The ce ology of two estuarine-dependent tonguefishes, the blackcheek tonguefish (Symphurus plagiusa) and the offshore tonguefish (S. civitatium), in coastal Louisiana" (2003). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 1305. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/1305 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. THE ECOLOGY OF TWO ESTUARINE-DEPENDENT TONGUEFISHES, THE BLACKCHEEK TONGUEFISH (SYMPHURUS PLAGIUSA) AND THE OFFSHORE TONGUEFISH (S. CIVITATIUM), IN COASTAL LOUISIANA A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College In partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences by Theodore S. Switzer B.S., Clarion University of Pennsylvania, 1995 M.Ap.Stat., Louisiana State University, 2002 August, 2003 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all I would like to thank my major professor, Don Baltz, for his guidance and support throughout the past several years, without which this dissertation would not have been possible.
  • Identification of Larvae of Three Arctic Species of Limanda (Family Pleuronectidae)

    Identification of Larvae of Three Arctic Species of Limanda (Family Pleuronectidae)

    Identification of larvae of three arctic species of Limanda (Family Pleuronectidae) Morgan S. Busby, Deborah M. Blood & Ann C. Matarese Polar Biology ISSN 0722-4060 Polar Biol DOI 10.1007/s00300-017-2153-9 1 23 Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by 2017. This e- offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self-archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com”. 1 23 Author's personal copy Polar Biol DOI 10.1007/s00300-017-2153-9 ORIGINAL PAPER Identification of larvae of three arctic species of Limanda (Family Pleuronectidae) 1 1 1 Morgan S. Busby • Deborah M. Blood • Ann C. Matarese Received: 28 September 2016 / Revised: 26 June 2017 / Accepted: 27 June 2017 Ó Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany 2017 Abstract Identification of fish larvae in Arctic marine for L. proboscidea in comparison to the other two species waters is problematic as descriptions of early-life-history provide additional evidence suggesting the genus Limanda stages exist for few species. Our goal in this study is to may be paraphyletic, as has been proposed in other studies.
  • Amendment 1 to the Interstate Fishery Management Plan for Inshore Stocks of Winter Flounder

    Amendment 1 to the Interstate Fishery Management Plan for Inshore Stocks of Winter Flounder

    Fishery Management Report No. 43 of the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission Working towards healthy, self-sustaining populations for all Atlantic coast fish species or successful restoration well in progress by the year 2015. Amendment 1 to the Interstate Fishery Management Plan for Inshore Stocks of Winter Flounder November 2005 Fishery Management Report No. 43 of the ATLANTIC STATES MARINE FISHERIES COMMISSION Amendment 1 to the Interstate Fishery Management Plan for Inshore Stocks of Winter Flounder Approved: February 10, 2005 Amendment 1 to the Interstate Fishery Management Plan for Inshore Stocks of Winter Flounder Prepared by Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission Winter Flounder Plan Development Team Plan Development Team Members: Lydia Munger, Chair (ASMFC), Anne Mooney (NYSDEC), Sally Sherman (ME DMR), and Deb Pacileo (CT DEP). This Management Plan was prepared under the guidance of the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission’s Winter Flounder Management Board, Chaired by David Borden of Rhode Island followed by Pat Augustine of New York. Technical and advisory assistance was provided by the Winter Flounder Technical Committee, the Winter Flounder Stock Assessment Subcommittee, and the Winter Flounder Advisory Panel. This is a report of the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission pursuant to U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Award No. NA04NMF4740186. ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.0 Introduction The Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission (ASMFC) authorized development of a Fishery Management Plan (FMP) for winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) in October 1988. Member states declaring an interest in this species were the states of Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, and Delaware.
  • Extinction Risk and Overfishing: Reconciling Conservation And

    Extinction Risk and Overfishing: Reconciling Conservation And

    Extinction Risk and Overfishing: Reconciling Conservation and Fisheries SUBJECT AREAS: BIODIVERSITY Perspectives on the Status of Marine SUSTAINABILITY ECOLOGY Fishes BIOLOGICAL MODELS Trevor D. Davies1 & Julia K. Baum2 Received 1 2 30 April 2012 Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada, Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada. Accepted 10 July 2012 Anthropogenic disturbances are ubiquitous in the ocean, but their impacts on marine species are hotly Published debated. We evaluated marine fish statuses using conservation (Red List threatened or not) and fisheries 7 August 2012 (above or below reference points) metrics, compared their alignment, and diagnosed why discrepancies arise. Whereas only 13.5% of Red Listed marine fishes (n52952) are threatened, 40% and 21% of populations with stock assessments (n5166) currently are below their more conservative and riskier reference points, respectively. Conservation and fisheries metrics aligned well (70.5% to 80.7%), despite Correspondence and their mathematical disconnect. Red Listings were not biased towards exaggerating threat status, and requests for materials egregious errors, where populations were categorized at opposite extremes of fisheries and conservation should be addressed to metrics, were rare. Our analyses suggest conservation and fisheries scientists will agree on the statuses of T.D.D. (tdavies@ exploited marine fishes in most cases, leaving only the question of appropriate management responses for mathstat.dal.ca) populations of mutual concern still unresolved. uman impacts on natural ecosystems are diverse and accelerating1,2. On land, where the primary threat to wildlife is habitat loss, recent comprehensive assessments of birds, mammals, and amphibians have revealed 13%, 21%, and 30% of these species to be threatened with a heightened risk of extinction, H 3 respectively .
  • For Summer Flounder Is Defined As

    For Summer Flounder Is Defined As

    FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE SUMMER FLOUNDER FISHERY October 1987 Mid-Atlantic Fishery Management Council in cooperation with the National Marine Fisheries Service, the New England Fishery Management Council, and the South Atlantic Fishery Management Council Draft adopted by MAFMC: 29 October 1987 Final adopted by MAFMC: 16 April1988 Final approved by NOAA: 19 September 1988 3.14.89 FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE SUMMER FLOUNDER FISHERY October 1987 Mid-Atlantic Fishery Management Council in cooperation with the National Marine Fisheries Service, the New England Fishery Management Council, and the South Atlantic Fishery Management Council See page 2 for a discussion of Amendment 1 to the FMP. Draft adopted by MAFMC: 21 October 1187 final adopted by MAFMC: 16 April1988 final approved by NOAA: 19 September 1988 1 2.27 91 THIS DOCUMENT IS THE SUMMER FLOUNDER FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN AS ADOPTED BY THE COUNCIL AND APPROVED BY THE NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE. THE REGULATIONS IN APPENDIX 6 (BLUE PAPER) ARE THE REGULATIONS CONTROLLING THE FISHERY AS OF THE DATE OF THIS PRINTING (27 FEBRUARY 1991). READERS SHOULD BE AWARE THAT THE COUNCIL ADOPTED AMENDMENT 1 TO THE FMP ON 31 OCTOBER 1990 TO DEFINE OVERFISHING AS REQUIRED BY 50 CFR 602 AND TO IMPOSE A 5.5" (DIAMOND MESH) AND 6" (SQUARE MESH) MINIMUM NET MESH IN THE TRAWL FISHERY. ON 15 FEBRUARY 1991 NMFS APPROVED THE OVERFISHING DEFINITION AND DISAPPROVED THE MINIMUM NET MESH. OVERFISHING FOR SUMMER FLOUNDER IS DEFINED AS FISHING IN EXCESS OF THE FMAX LEVEL. THIS ACTION DID NOT CHANGE THE REGULATIONS DISCUSSED ABOVE. 2 27.91 2 2.
  • Winter Flounder

    Winter Flounder

    Maine 2015 Wildlife Action Plan Revision Report Date: January 13, 2016 Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Winter Flounder) Priority 2 Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN) Class: Actinopterygii (Ray-finned Fishes) Order: Pleuronectiformes (Flatfish) Family: Pleuronectidae (Righteye Flounders) General comments: Maine DMR jurisdiction; W Atlantic specialist = LB-GA No Species Conservation Range Maps Available for Winter Flounder SGCN Priority Ranking - Designation Criteria: Risk of Extirpation: NA State Special Concern or NMFS Species of Concern: NA Recent Significant Declines: Winter Flounder is currently undergoing steep population declines, which has already led to, or if unchecked is likely to lead to, local extinction and/or range contraction. Notes: ASMFC Stock Assess, 30yr, and DFO. 2012. Assessment of winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence (NAFO Div. 4T). DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Sci. Advis. Rep. 2012/016. Regional Endemic: NA High Regional Conservation Priority: Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission Stock Assessments: Status: Unstable/Decreasing, Status Comment: Reference: High Climate Change Vulnerability: NA Understudied rare taxa: NA Historical: NA Culturally Significant: NA Habitats Assigned to Winter Flounder: Formation Name Subtidal Macrogroup Name Subtidal Coarse Gravel Bottom Habitat System Name: Coarse Gravel **Primary Habitat** Notes: adult spawning Habitat System Name: Kelp Bed Notes: juvenile Macrogroup Name Subtidal Mud Bottom Habitat System Name: Submerged Aquatic
  • ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: PATTERNS IN

    ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: PATTERNS IN

    ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: PATTERNS IN DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF BENTHIC MOLLUSCS ALONG A DEPTH GRADIENT IN THE BAHAMAS Michael Joseph Dowgiallo, Doctor of Philosophy, 2004 Dissertation directed by: Professor Marjorie L. Reaka-Kudla Department of Biology, UMCP Species richness and abundance of benthic bivalve and gastropod molluscs was determined over a depth gradient of 5 - 244 m at Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas by deploying replicate benthic collectors at five sites at 5 m, 14 m, 46 m, 153 m, and 244 m for six months beginning in December 1993. A total of 773 individual molluscs comprising at least 72 taxa were retrieved from the collectors. Analysis of the molluscan fauna that colonized the collectors showed overwhelmingly higher abundance and diversity at the 5 m, 14 m, and 46 m sites as compared to the deeper sites at 153 m and 244 m. Irradiance, temperature, and habitat heterogeneity all declined with depth, coincident with declines in the abundance and diversity of the molluscs. Herbivorous modes of feeding predominated (52%) and carnivorous modes of feeding were common (44%) over the range of depths studied at Lee Stocking Island, but mode of feeding did not change significantly over depth. One bivalve and one gastropod species showed a significant decline in body size with increasing depth. Analysis of data for 960 species of gastropod molluscs from the Western Atlantic Gastropod Database of the Academy of Natural Sciences (ANS) that have ranges including the Bahamas showed a positive correlation between body size of species of gastropods and their geographic ranges. There was also a positive correlation between depth range and the size of the geographic range.
  • NOAA Technical Report NMFS SSRF-691

    NOAA Technical Report NMFS SSRF-691

    % ,^tH^ °^Co NOAA Technical Report NMFS SSRF-691 Seasonal Distributions of Larval Flatfishes (Pleuronectiformes) on the Continental Shelf Between Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and Cape Lookout, North Carolina, 1965-66 W. G. SMITH, J. D. SIBUNKA, and A. WELLS SEATTLE, WA June 1975 ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION / Fisheries Service NOAA TECHNICAL REPORTS National Marine Fisheries Service, Special Scientific Report—Fisheries Series The majnr responsibilities of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) are to monitor and assess the abundance and geographic distribution of fishery resources, to understand and predict fluctuations in the quantity and distribution of these resources, and to establish levels for optimum use of the resources. NMFS is also charged with the development and implementation of policies for managing national fishing grounds, development and enforcement of domestic fisheries regulations, surveillance of foreign fishing off United States coastal waters, and the development and enforcement of international fishery agreements and policies. NMFS also assists the fishing industry through- marketing service and economic analysis programs, and mortgage insurance and vessel construction subsidies. It collects, analyzes, and publishes statistics on various phases of the industry. The Special Scientific Report—Fisheries series was established in 1949. The series carries reports on scientific investigations that document long-term continuing programs of NMFS. or intensive scientific reports on studies of restricted scope. The reports may deal with applied fishery problems. The series is also used as a medium for the publica- tion of bibliographies of a specialized scientific nature. NOAA Technical Reports NMFS SSRF are available free in limited numbers to governmental agencies, both Federal and State. They are also available in exchange for other scientific and technical publications in the marine sciences.
  • Delaware's Wildlife Species of Greatest Conservation Need

    Delaware's Wildlife Species of Greatest Conservation Need

    CHAPTER 1 DELAWARE’S WILDLIFE SPECIES OF GREATEST CONSERVATION NEED CHAPTER 1: Delaware’s Wildlife Species of Greatest Conservation Need Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 7 Regional Context ........................................................................................................................................... 7 Delaware’s Animal Biodiversity .................................................................................................................... 10 State of Knowledge of Delaware’s Species ................................................................................................... 10 Delaware’s Wildlife and SGCN - presented by Taxonomic Group .................................................................. 11 Delaware’s 2015 SGCN Status Rank Tier Definitions................................................................................. 12 TIER 1 .................................................................................................................................................... 13 TIER 2 .................................................................................................................................................... 13 TIER 3 .................................................................................................................................................... 13 Mammals ....................................................................................................................................................
  • Review and Assessment of the Literature on Marine Benthic Molluscs (Amphineura, Bivalvia, Gastropoda) in Newfoundland and Labrador Waters

    Review and Assessment of the Literature on Marine Benthic Molluscs (Amphineura, Bivalvia, Gastropoda) in Newfoundland and Labrador Waters

    NAFO Sci. Coun. Studies, 10 93-108 Review and Assessment of the Literature on Marine Benthic Molluscs (Amphineura, Bivalvia, Gastropoda) in Newfoundland and Labrador Waters Kent D. Gilkinson Fudge, Lane and Associates Ltd., 607 Torbay Road P. O. Box 9370, Stn B, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1A 2Y3 Abstract A review of the existing literature on marine benthic molluscs (Amphineura, Bivalvia, Gastropoda) in the Newfoundland-Labrador region indicated that at least 158 species, representing 69 fami lies, have been referenced in reports of scientific investigations. Less than one-third of these reports have appeared in the primary literature, while the remainder exist as manuscript reports and university theses. Several species (e.g. Mytilus edulis and Placopecten magellanicus) have been studied intensively, but most species have received only very cursory attention. Specific inventories of molluscs are rare. Most zoo benthic surveys which include molluscs fall into one of three categories: fisheries-related investigations, resource assessment studies, and environmental impact studies. Additionally, the literature contain numerous academic (university) studies. Analysis of the geographic distribution of research effort indicated that most of the work was concentrated in southeastern Newfoundland (Avalon Peninsula) in proximity to the major institutions at SI. John's, Newfoundland. Introduction and future fisheries but also in terms of the trophic roles of the various organisms in the ecosystems. In a Since the mid-1970's, there have been several liter­ biogeographical sense, the distributional aspects con­ ature reviews which pertain to the coastal resources of tribute to further understanding of the ecotone posi­ Newfoundland and Labrador as a result of offshore oil tion which the Newfoundland-Labrador region explorations (MacLaren, MS 1977; South et al., MS occupies between boreal and subarctic environments.
  • Hemitripteridae Gill 1872 Sea Ravens Or Sailfin Sculpins

    Hemitripteridae Gill 1872 Sea Ravens Or Sailfin Sculpins

    ISSN 1545-150X California Academy of Sciences A N N O T A T E D C H E C K L I S T S O F F I S H E S Number 5 September 2003 Family Hemitripteridae Gill 1872 sea ravens or sailfin sculpins By Catherine W. Mecklenburg Field Associate, Department of Ichthyology, California Academy of Sciences c/o Point Stephens Research, P.O. Box 210307, Auke Bay, Alaska 99821, U.S.A. email: [email protected] Fishes in the cottoid family Hemitripteridae are called sea ravens after an early notion that their large pectoral fins could be used for flight, or sailfin sculpins for their tall dorsal fins, particularly the excep- tionally tall first dorsal fin of Nautichthys oculofasciatus. Head and body covered with minute “prickles” (modified, platelike scales bearing a single skin-covered spine). Frontoparietal ridge knobby. Preopercular spines 3 or 4, mostly blunt and skin-covered. Two dorsal fins, the first with 6–19 spines, the second with 11–30 soft rays. Anal fin with 11–22 soft rays. Pelvic fins with 1 spine and 3 soft rays. Lateral line canal co mp lete, op en ing thr o u gh n u m er o u s p o r es ( m or e than 3 5) . V om er ine and p alatin e teeth p r es ent. G ill m em - b r an es broadly attached to the isthmus or forming a free fold across the isthmus. Branchiostegal rays 6. Gill rakers in the form of low, spinous plates or knobs.
  • Than Ten Years Ago Dr. DC Geijskes, Then Director of the Suriname

    Than Ten Years Ago Dr. DC Geijskes, Then Director of the Suriname

    THE MARINE MOLLUSCA OF SURINAME (DUTCH GUIANA) HOLOCENE AND RECENT PART 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION BY C. O. VAN REGTEREN ALTENA Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden CONTENTS Ι. Scope of this work 3 2. Acknowledgements 4 3. History of the study of Suriname marine Mollusca 6 a. Recent 6 b. Holocene 15 4. The Suriname coastal waters as an environment for Mollusca .... 23 a. General remarks 23 b. The intertidal zone and shallow coastal waters 24 c. The estuary and lower course of the Suriname River 26 d. The coastal waters within the 30 fathom line 29 5. The occurrence of Holocene marine Mollusca in Suriname 31 6. The economic importance of Suriname marine Mollusca 34 7. Origin of the material studied 36 a. Collections and collectors 36 b. Localities 39 8. The marine Mollusca of French and British Guiana 42 9. References 44 I. SCOPE OF THIS WORK More than ten years ago Dr. D. C. Geijskes, then Director of the Suriname Museum, Paramaribo, visited me and asked for my help. During the years (since 1938) Dr. Geijskes had stayed in Suriname, he had collected marine Mollusca in a great number of localities, in the Holocene so called shell- ridges, as well as on the coast and in the estuaries. He was sure that his collection contained a great number of species, and that their distribution over the localities was interesting. Geijskes is not a malacologist himself and he did not have at his disposal the literature and material for comparison necessary to identify his collection. Therefore he doubted if the list of names he had gradually drawn up from labels provided by malacologists to whom he had sent shells, and from information picked up during casual visits to 4 ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 101 (1969) European museums when he was on leave, could be published.