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Malasia Malasia OFICINA DE INFORMACIÓN DIPLOMÁTICA FICHA PAÍS Malasia Malasia La Oficina de Información Diplomática del Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores, Unión Europea y Cooperación pone a disposición de los profesionales de los medios de comunicación y del público en general la presente ficha país. La información contenida en esta ficha país es pública y se ha extraído de diversos medios no defendiendo posición política alguna ni de este Ministerio ni del Gobierno de España respecto del país sobre el que versa. FEBRERO 2019 se reconoce la libertad religiosa y se permite la práctica de otras religiones. Malasia El 60% de la población es musulmana, mientras que el budismo es la se- gunda religión más practicada (19 %), seguida por el cristianismo (9%), el hinduismo (6,3%). También hay minorías animistas, taoístas o shikhs. Moneda: Ringgit = 100 sen. Forma de Estado: Monarquía constitucional. TAILANDIA Golfo de Tailandia División administrativa: El país se divide en 13 Estados y los tres Territorios Kudat Federales de Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya y Labuan. Kota Bharu Kota Kinabalu George Town Sandakan Taiping Kuala Terengganu Lahad Datu Ipoh BRUNEI 1.2. Geografía Miri Tawau Kuantan Kuala Lumpur Bintulu Klang Sibu Tanto la Malasia peninsular como el territorio situado en Borneo tienen una Port Seremban Dickson formación geográfica similar, consistente en zonas montañosas en el interior, Johor Bhru Kuching que descienden hacia plataformas costeras. La cordillera Titiwangsa recorre Malasia peninsular de norte a sur. Las montañas de Malasia insular son más elevadas, destacando el Monte Kinabalu que, con 4.100m., es la montaña INDONESIA INDONESIA más alta del Sudeste asiático. Esta configuración hace que en el país abun- den los ríos, caudalosos, aunque no muy largos. La vegetación es típicamente tropical y gran parte del país, especialmente la Malasia insular está cubierta © Ocina de Información Diplomática. de selva. En la parte peninsular, la selva se intercala con extensas zonas de Aviso: Las fronteras trazadas no son necesariamente las reconocidas ocialmente. cultivo (especialmente plantaciones de caucho y palmeras). 1. DATOS BÁSICOS 1.3. Indicadores sociales Densidad de población (2015) (hab/km²): 98 1.1. Características generales Renta per cápita: US$ 9.115 $ (2016) Coeficiente GINI (2016): 0,399 Nombre oficial: Federación de Malasia Esperanza de vida (2017): 72,7 (hombres), 77,4 (mujeres), 74,8 (media) Superficie: 330.252 km². Crecimiento población % (2015): 1,3 Límites: Malasia se encuentra situada en el Sudeste asiático, justo encima IDH (Valor numérico / nº orden mundial) (2015): 0,789 / 58 del Ecuador, entre Indonesia, Tailandia, Filipinas y Singapur. Consta de dos Tasa de natalidad (2017): 16.4 territorios divididos por el Mar del Sur de China: Malasia peninsular (que Tasa de fertilidad (2017): 1,9 supone un 40% del territorio y concentra el 80% de la población) y Malasia Tasa de mortalidad (2017): 5.2 insular, formada por los estados de Sabah y Sarawak, que ocupan el norte de Fuente: Dpto. de Estadística de Malasia (Mysidc) (los datos que se muestran son los la isla de Borneo (isla que Malasia comparte con Brunei e Indonesia). más recientes facilitados por el Mysidc) Población: 32.049.700 habitantes aprox. Capital: Kuala Lumpur (1.790.000 habitantes) es la capital oficial y legisla- 1.4. Estructura del PIB tiva mientras que Putrajaya (90.000 habitantes) es la capital administrativa y judicial. DISTRIBUCIÓN POR SECTORES Otras ciudades importantes: Johor Bahru (1.500.000 hab.), Kajang (795.000 %PIB 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 (3T) hab.), Ipoh (800.000 hab.), Klang (745.000 hab.), Subang Jaya (710.000 Agricultura y pesca 9,32% 8,12% 8,02% 8,65% 8,54% 8,17% hab.), Kuching (615.000 hab.), Petaling Jaya (615.000 hab.), Serembam Minería y explotación (555.000 hab.), Georgetown (520.000 hab.) y Malacca (500.000 hab.). de canteras 10,29% 9,66% 8,53% 8,75% 8,98% 9,16% Idioma: El Malayo (también conocido como Bahassa Malasia) es la lengua Manufacturas 22,81% 22,74% 22,62% 22,07% 22,04% 22,01% oficial, inglés, chino (mandarín) y diversos dialectos, iban, tamil y otros ha- Construcción 4,19% 4,40% 4,63% 4,63% 4,60% 4,89% blados por minorías étnicas. Electricidad, gas Religión: El Islam es la religión oficial según la Constitución federal, aunque y agua 2,58% 2,75% 2,65% 2,61% 2,57% 2,66% 2 FICHA PAÍS MALASIA Comercios, hoteles, JAPÓN 15.366,16 8,10% 17.578,86 8,09% 15.607,64 6,89% bares y restaurantes 17,58% 18,86% 19,65% 19,78% 20,05% 20,16% TAILANDIA 10.629,05 5,60% 11.744,85 5,40% 12.968,65 5,72% Transporte, INDIA 7.713,77 4,07% 8.029,59 3,69% 8.222,00 3,63% almacenamiento VIETNAM 5.730,84 3,02% 6.417,20 2,95% 7.764,63 3,43% y comunicaciones 8,06% 8,31% 8,63% 8,63% 8,64% 9,13% COREA SUR 5.521,62 2,91% 6.647,34 3,06% 7.609,65 3,36% Finanzas, seguros AUSTRALIA 6.465,05 3,41% 7.528,67 3,46% 7.519,53 3,32% y vivienda 10,89% 10,95% 10,77% 10,60% 10,55% 10,64% TAIWAN 5.120,92 2,70% 5.571,96 2,56% 7.417,87 3,27% Servicios INDONESIA 6.736,59 3,55% 7.820,33 3,60% 7.296,51 3,22% gubernamentales 9,19% 9,11% 8,92% 8,82% 8,49% 7,98% ALEMANIA 5.374,72 2,83% 6.202,42 2,85% 6.446,71 2,84% Otros servicios 4,11% 4,10% 4,19% 4,13% 4,09% 4,29% HOLANDA 5.286,84 2,79% 6.255,17 2,88% 5.878,40 2,59% Derechos FILIPINAS 3.287,68 1,73% 3.841,64 1,77% 3.843,09 1,70% de importación 9,32% 8,12% 8,02% 8,65% 8,54% 8,17% ESPAÑA 561,48 0,30% 625,04 0,29% 879,73 0,39% TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Subtotal 157.561,26 83,05% 180.806,82 83,17% 191.950,49 84,68% Fuente: Banco Nacional de Malasia (Bank Negara Malaysia). Actualización 29/01/2019 TOTAL 189.708,01 100,00% 217.402,55 100,00% 226.672,95 100,00% Fuente: Dpto. de Estadísticas, Malasia. Última actualización: 30/01/2019 1.5. Coyuntura económica Tipo de cambio: 2015, 1USD=3,91MYR; 2016, 1USD=4,14MYR; 2017 1USD=4,30MYR; 2018: 1USD=4,03MYR 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 (3T) PIB (MUSD a PRINCIPALES PROVEEDORES % DEL TOTAL precios corrientes) 338.069 296.283 296.953 272.912 311.704 PAÍS 2016 %S/TOTAL 2017 %S/TOTAL 2018 %S/TOTAL PIB crecimiento real 6,00% 5,00% 4,20% 5,90% 4,40% CHINA 34.324,32 20,38% 38.239,03 19,66% 39.517,01 19,81% Tasa de inflación 2,70% 2,70% 1,90% 3,70% 1,00% SINGAPUR 17.452,43 10,36% 21.562,68 11,09% 23.607,64 11,83% Tasa de paro 2,90% 3,10% 3,50% 3,40% 3,30% EE.UU. 13.417,08 7,96% 15.178,58 7,80% 14.668,31 7,35% Balanza c/c en MUSD 14,847 9,068 7,133 9,450 9,253 TAIWAN 10.079,86 5,98% 12.732,32 6,55% 14.473,32 7,25% Reservas en MUSD 115.930 104.629 102.391 106,976 110,632 JAPÓN 13.736,25 8,15% 14.791,67 7,61% 14.410,75 7,22% Déficit público (%PIB) -3,50% -3,20% -5,60% -3,00% -3,30% TAILANDIA 10.203,77 6,06% 11.194,48 5,76% 11.014,57 5,52% Tipo cambio INDONESIA 7.108,08 4,22% 8.808,27 4,53% 9.212,59 4,62% MYR/ USD (promedio) 3,27 3,91 4,14 4,30 4,09 COREA SUR 8.840,92 5,25% 9.096,48 4,68% 8.874,09 4,45% Tipo cambio ALEMANIA 5.733,44 3,40% 6.110,43 3,14% 6.013,14 3,01% MYR/ EUR (promedio) 4,35 4,26 4,59 4.85 4.73 INDIA 4.026,31 2,39% 6.244,24 3,21% 5.993,45 3,00% Fuente: Banco Nacional de Malasia (Bank Negara Malaysia). Actualización 29/01/2019 AUSTRALIA 3.763,04 2,23% 4.672,04 2,40% 4.903,90 2,46% VIETNAM 4.536,62 2,69% 5.261,24 2,71% 4.404,96 2,21% INDICADORES ECONÓMICOS A. SAUDI 2.567,51 1,52% 2.485,60 1,28% 4.063,85 2,04% INDICADORES MACROECONÓMICOS 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 (3T) FRANCIA 2.286,84 1,36% 2.959,71 1,52% 3.871,82 1,94% PIB Milles mil $USA H. KONG 3.054,07 1,81% 3.257,94 1,68% 3.433,64 1,72% a precios corrientes 338.069 296.283 296.953 272.912 311.704 ESPAÑA 2.286,84 1,36% 2.959,71 1,52% 3.871,82 1,94% PIB crecimiento real 6,00% 5,00% 4,20% 5,90% 4,40% Subtotal 143.417,39 85,13% 165.554,41 85,12% 172.334,86 86,37% Tasa de inflación 2,70% 2,70% 1,90% 3,70% 1,00% TOTAL 168.459,39 100,00% 194.496,84 100,00% 199.523,59 100,00% Tasa de paro 2,90% 3,10% 3,50% 3,40% 3,30% Fuente: Dpto.
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