The Redevelopment of Salford Quays, Greater Manchester Its Impact on Urban and Regional Development from 1983 to 2003

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The Redevelopment of Salford Quays, Greater Manchester Its Impact on Urban and Regional Development from 1983 to 2003 Research Collection Journal Issue disP - The Planning Review Publication Date: 1996 Permanent Link: https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-000981948 Rights / License: In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted This page was generated automatically upon download from the ETH Zurich Research Collection. For more information please consult the Terms of use. ETH Library DISP 154 2 2003 Martina Koll-Schretzenmayr Seaports – Airports – Teleports Das lateinische Wort portus (Hafen) lei- doch heute nicht direkt mit der ökonomi- funktionalen «Entfremdung» der moder- tet sich ab von porta (Tor, Pforte): Der schen Bedeutung der Stadtregion, in der nen, computerisierten und auf den in Hafen verstanden als Tor einer Stadt zu er ansässig ist, korrelieren. Ebenso hat globalen, hierarchisch organisierten den Weltmeeren. Häfen sichern jedoch sich die einstmals enge funktionale Be- Netzwerken stattfindenden Container- zu Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts nicht ziehung zwischen Hafen, industrieller umschlag ausgerichteten Seehäfen von nur den Zugang zum Schiffsverkehr, Produktion, Handel und Dienstleistun- ihren Stadtregionen. Trotz aller Poten- sondern ebenso zum Luftverkehr und zu gen in einer Stadt abgeschwächt. ziale, welche diese Areale für die Stadt- globalen Informations- und Kommunika- Parallel dazu wird zunehmend die Flui- entwicklung mitbringen, erfordert es tionsnetzwerken. dität und Globalisierung der Logistik- enorme Kraftanstrengungen und Vorin- Aber nicht nur die inhaltliche Bedeutung bzw. Luftverkehrsmärkte in den immobi- vestitionen der öffentlichen Hand wie des Wortes «Hafen» hat eine Auswei- len Hub-Infrastrukturen spürbar. Denn auch von Privaten, um die Hafenbra- tung erfahren. Auch das Verhältnis von die grossen See- und Flughäfen werden chen aus ihrem Dornröschenschlaf zu Hafen und Stadt hat sich in der zweiten immer mehr zum Spielball in dem in in- erwecken. Zu den Hemmnissen zählen Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts verändert. ternationalen Allianzen agierenden Ge- Bodenkontaminationen, unterhaltsinten- Das traditionelle Verständnis assoziiert füge von Transport- und Logistikunter- sive Kaianlagen und der notwendige eine enge räumliche und funktionale Be- nehmen. Dies bleibt nicht ohne Auswir- Rückbau von Gebäuden und Hafeninf- ziehung von Hafen und Stadt – man kungen auf die «Gastgeber-Regionen». rastrukturen. Und das Beispiel des denke an historische Darstellungen von Trotz der Vision einer allgegenwärtigen Frankfurter Osthafens zeigt, dass sich in Venedig, Brügge oder Barcelona. Der Zugänglichkeit modernster Informations- der Konkurrenz um die Lagegunst nicht Hafen als Tor zur Welt – die grosse Frei- und Kommunikationsinfrastruktur bilden immer Wohn- und Büronutzungen durch- heit, Abenteuerlust und eine Prise Fern- sich auch im ICT-Bereich vermehrt Tele- setzen. Nach einer jahrelangen Pla- weh vermengen sich traditionell mit ei- Hubs heraus, die für ausgesuchte Räu- nungsübung, die eine Umnutzung des nem farbenfrohen Gemisch von Waren me – oft im Herzen einer Metropole – Hafenareals zum Ziel hatte, votierten aus fremden Ländern, anderen Kulturen eine hohe Dichte an Hochleistungsda- die Stadtverordneten 1997 schliesslich und babylonischem Sprachgewirr. Bis tennetzwerken anbieten und sich zudem dafür, den Osthafen zu einem funktiona- ins frühe 20. Jahrhundert waren Handel durch eine hohe Konzentration von len, effizienten Zentrum des Güterum- und Gewerbe in einer Hafenstadt unmit- face-to-face-Kontakten einer global agie- schlags auszubauen. telbar auf den Seehafen ausgerichtet. renden Elite auszeichnen. Diese «gloka- Im Zeitalter des Containers aber hat sich le» Infrastruktur der Logistik- und Data- der Warenfluss, der in Häfen abge- Enklaven bietet eine hochwertige Ver- wickelt wird, gleichsam anonymisiert. bindungsqualität zwischen den einzel- Und infolge der Umstellung auf den nen TeleHubs der ICT-Netzwerke sowie Containerverkehr sind die Seehäfen in zwischen den grossen Hubs des Luft- den vergangenen fünfzig Jahren räum- und Seeverkehrs, grenzt aber in zuneh- lich immer weiter an die Peripherie der mendem Masse grosse Teile von Metro- Stadtregionen gewandert. Zwar darf polräumen und deren Hinterland aus. nicht vergessen werden, dass es bereits See- und Flughäfen haben sich zu multi- vor 2000 Jahren peripher zu einer Stadt modalen Logistikknoten entwickelt, Flug- gelegene Häfen gab: Beispielsweise häfen werden zunehmend zu Business- diente das an der Tiber-Mündung ge- centern und Einkaufsmalls ausgebaut. legene Ostia der Metropole Rom als Übrig geblieben sind aufgelassene Ha- Handels- und Kriegshafen oder die dem fenareale, die von Developern zu neuen Festland vorgelagerte Laguneninsel Stadtteilen umgebaut werden. In den Grado dem oberitalienischen Handels- vergangenen zwei Jahrzehnten hat sich platz, Provinzhauptort und Bischofssitz insbesondere die Revitalisierung von Aquileia als Seehafen. Doch in diesen aufgelassenen Hafenstandorten in in- Fällen war der Hafen in seiner Funktion nenstadtnahen Lagen zum Dauerbren- als Umschlagplatz lokal auf den zu- ner entwickelt. Wohnen und Arbeiten gehörigen «metropolitanen» Handels- am Wasser erfreut sich wachsender Be- platz orientiert. Seit der Mitte des letz- liebtheit und bietet gleichzeitig die ten Jahrhunderts haben sich Hubs im Chance, neues urbanes Leben in die oft- Schiffs- wie im Luftverkehr überwiegend mals als Hinterhofsituation empfunde- zu Umschlagplätzen in einem dichten nen maritimen Stadträume zu bringen. Netz von globalen Waren- und Perso- Die Rückführung der traditionellen Ha- nenflüssen entwickelt. Die Grösse und fenareale in das lokale urbane Umfeld Leistungsfähigkeit eines Hubs muss je- steht im Kontrast zur räumlichen und DISP 154 3 2003 Martina Koll-Schretzenmayr Seaports – Airports – Teleports The Latin word “portus” (port) is de- tween the port, local industrial produc- years of planning and discussion origi- rived from “porta”, the word for gate, tion, trade, and services has been weak- nally aimed at transforming the func- with the port being understood as a ened. In addition, the increasing fluidity tional character of the Osthafen district, gate to the seas and oceans. Yet at the and globalisation of logistics and air the city council voted to expand the port beginning of the 21st century, “ports” transport markets is evidenced in ever into a more robust and efficient transit not only guarantee access to maritime more immobile hub infrastructures, as centre for goods. transport, but also to air travel and large sea and airports turn into pawns global information and communications of transport and logistics corporations Translation: Martin Gahbauer, Birmingham networks. operating in a web of international al- It is not only the substantive meaning liances. The regions witnessing these of the word “port” that has expanded in developments have not been left unaf- the last century, but also the relationship fected. between ports and their associated Despite the vision of a fully accessible cities. The traditional understanding of information infrastructure, individual this relationship has focused on a nar- “telehubs” have been emerging in se- row spatial and functional connection lected areas – often in the heart of ur- between city and port, as can be in- ban regions – and offering a high con- ferred from historical depictions of port centration of advanced data networking cities such as Venice or Barcelona. Until and effective face-to-face contact to a the early 20th century, trade in a port globally active class of elites. While this city was concentrated in the port district “glocal” logistics and data infrastructure and its immediate surroundings. Since offers linkages of unprecedented quality the middle of the last century, however, between the different telehubs as well as hubs in sea and air transport have de- the major sea and airports, it also ex- veloped into transit points within a cludes large chunks of metropolitan dense global network of human and spaces and their hinterland. commercial travel. The port as a gate to Over the past two decades, the task of the world, where freedom and the spirit revitalizing crumbling port districts in of adventure emerge from the colorful proximity to city centers has become a mix of foreign goods, cultures, and lan- particularly burning issue. Meanwhile, guages, is being superseded by con- the popularity of living and working tainer hubs that relegate the flow of along waterfronts is growing and goods to a state of anonymity. In addi- thereby lending support to efforts at ur- tion, sea ports have increasingly been ban renewal of rundown port districts. pushed towards the periphery of city re- The integration of traditional port dis- gions over the last fifty years as a result tricts into their local urban surroundings of the conversion to container traffic. stands in stark contrast to the increas- One should not forget, however, that ingly widespread spatial and functional ports on the periphery of a city also ex- estrangement of modern and computer- isted over 2000 years ago. For exam- ized seaports focused on global con- ple, the town of Ostia, situated at the tainer traffic from their respective city re- mouth of the Tiber river, served as a gions. Yet despite the potential for urban commercial and military port for the Ro- development that these areas bring with man empire. In addition, the lagoon-is- them, tremendous effort, as well as sig- land of Grado acted as a port for the nificant amounts of both public and pri- city of Aquileia, an important commer- vate investment, are needed to revitalize cial and
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