Ženské Postavy Seriálu Firefly V Kontextu Žánrů Western a Sci-Fi

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Ženské Postavy Seriálu Firefly V Kontextu Žánrů Western a Sci-Fi Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci Filozofická fakulta Bakalářská práce Ženské postavy seriálu Firefly v kontextu žánrů western a sci-fi The female characters of the series Firefly in the context of western and sci-fi Anna Voříšková Katedra divadelních a filmových studií Vedoucí práce: Mgr. et Mgr. Jana Jedličková Obor: Teorie a dějiny dramatických umění Olomouc 2015 Prohlašuji, že jsem bakalářskou práci na téma Ženské postavy seriálu Firefly v kontextu žánrů western a sci-fi vypracovala samostatně za použití v práci uvedených pramenů a literatury. Dále prohlašuji, že tato bakalářská práce nebyla využita k získání jiného nebo stejného titulu. V Olomouci .......................................................... Ráda bych touto cestou vyjádřila poděkování své vedoucí práce Mgr. et Mgr. Janě Jedličkové za velmi cenné rady a vstřícnost při konzultacích. Dále bych ráda poděkovala dvěma milovníkům Firefly, mé kamarádce Terce a tvůrci českých fanouškovských stránek o Firefly Milanovi, za jejich nadšení, ochotu a podnětné komentáře. A v neposlední řadě bych ráda poděkovala své rodině a Jirkovi za podporu a trpělivost během psaní této bakalářské práce. Obsah Úvod ................................................................................................................. 6 1. Vyhodnocení literatury ................................................................................ 9 2. Metodologie ............................................................................................... 12 3. Žánr ............................................................................................................ 15 3.1 Charakteristika žánru ............................................................................ 15 3.2 Problematika žánru ............................................................................... 16 3.3 Projevy westernu a sci-fi v seriálu Firefly ............................................ 17 3.4 Ženské postavy ..................................................................................... 19 3.5 Shrnutí................................................................................................... 22 4. Zoe.............................................................................................................. 23 4.1 Vzhled ................................................................................................... 23 4.2 Projev .................................................................................................... 24 4.2.1 Zoe - bojovnice ............................................................................... 24 4.2.2 Zoe – manželka .............................................................................. 26 4.3 Dialogy ................................................................................................. 28 4.4 Závěr ..................................................................................................... 30 5. Kaylee ........................................................................................................ 31 5.1 Vzhled ................................................................................................... 31 5.2 Projev .................................................................................................... 31 5.3 Dialogy ................................................................................................. 35 5.4 Závěr ..................................................................................................... 39 6. Saffron ........................................................................................................ 41 6.1 Vzhled ................................................................................................... 41 6.2 Projev .................................................................................................... 42 6.3 Dialogy ................................................................................................. 44 6.4 Závěr ..................................................................................................... 45 7. Nandi .......................................................................................................... 47 7.1 Vzhled ................................................................................................... 47 7.2 Projev a dialogy ................................................................................... 47 7.3 Závěr ..................................................................................................... 51 Závěr .............................................................................................................. 53 Použité zdroje ................................................................................................. 55 Prameny ...................................................................................................... 55 Literatura ..................................................................................................... 55 Úvod Od natočení a odvysílání seriálu Firefly uběhlo již více jak deset let1, přesto je stále v oblasti televizních medií svým přístupem k postavám a žánrům jedinečný. Firefly žánrově spadá (mimo jiné2) pod western a sci-fi, konstrukcí postav jde však často přímo proti těmto žánrům a narušuje tak jejich konvence. Autor seriálu Joss Whedon vstoupil tímto tvůrčím počinem na v celku neprobádané území a i po uplynulé dekádě stále patří mezi výjimky. Právě pro svou inovativnost a neobvyklost si seriál Firefly získal pozornost této práce. V ní se zaměříme na ženské postavy. Důvodem, proč se tato práce rozhodla sledovat ženské postavy (ač je Firefly inovativní i v přístupu k mužským postavám) je ten, že western a sci-fi byly již od svého zrodu spíše „mužské“ žánry3. Hlavně v počátcích se profilovaly jako výrazně maskulinní, kdy protagonisté i antagonisté byli muži. Ženské postavy se objevovaly v těchto žánrech v menšině a v některých případech se nevyskytovaly vůbec. Pokud se žena ve westernu nebo sci-fi objevila, tak především v pozici vedlejší postavy jako „bezbranné a slabé stvoření v nesnázích“, které musí protagonista zachránit.4 To, že se ve Firefly objevují výrazné a silné ženské postavy, které svými motivacemi určují spád děje, je tak něco zcela nového a neobvyklého. Tato práce si klade za cíl zanalyzovat vybrané ženské postavy seriálu Firefly v kontextu žánrů western a sci-fi. Bude zkoumat, jak jsou ženské postavy konstruované a jaký vliv mají na jejich výstavbu zmíněné žánry. Zároveň se ale bude také snažit vysledovat, jak samotné ženské postavy tyto žánry svou stavbou narušují a tím pádem ovlivňují. 1 Seriál Firefly se vysílal od 20. září 2002 do 20. prosince 2002 na americké televizní stanici FOX. Následně britská stanice Sci-Fi channel (od roku 2009 užívající název Syfy) odvysílala tři nezveřejněné epizody v době od 21. července do 4. srpna roku 2003. 2 Ve Firefly můžeme vypozorovat prvky road movie, komedie, melodramatu ad. 3 Uvozovky jsou v označení „mužské“ žánry proto, že současné televizní a mediální studia pracují s tím, že toto označení je konstrukt, který ve skutečnosti neexistuje. 4 V této části textu je ale velmi důležité si připomenout a uvědomit, že žádná z tezí, které doposud zazněly, nemá konečnou platnost v definici westernu či sci-fi. Téma žánru a jeho problematiku si více rozebereme v rámci samostatné kapitoly (3. Žánr). 6 V teoretické části si nejdříve přiblížíme výchozí literaturu (1. Vyhodnocení literatury), o kterou se v rámci celého výzkumu budeme nejvíce opírat. V této práci nás zajímají zejména postavy a žánry. Důležitý proto pro nás bude zejména text Jeremyho Butlera5, který považujeme za základní metodologické východisko6 a teoretické práce Ricka Altmana7, které nám budou velmi nápomocné v oblasti žánru a jeho problematice. V následující metodologické kapitole (2. Metodologie) si přesněji popíšeme postup, podle kterého budeme analyzovat jednotlivé postavy. A v další kapitole (3. Žánr) si přiblížíme problematiku žánrů, popíšeme si, jak se western a sci-fi projevují v rámci seriálu Firefly a následně se zaměříme na postavení ženských postav v těchto žánrech. Z důvodu rozsahu bakalářské práce jsme v analytické části textu upustili od rozboru všech ženských postav a dokonce i od probádání veškerých protagonistek Firefly. Místo toho jsme zvolili jakýsi „průřez“ postavami, který je ovšem pro záměry této práce dostačující. Analýze podrobíme dvě hlavní, vedlejší a epizodní ženskou postavu. V čtvrté (4. Zoe) a páté kapitole (5. Kaylee) se zaměříme na interpretaci hlavních postav. V šesté kapitole (6. Saffron) si zanalyzujeme vedlejší postavu, jenž se v seriálu objevuje v epizodě Our Mrs. Reynolds8 a Trash9. A v sedmé kapitole (7. Nandi) se zaměříme na epizodní postavu z Heart of Gold10. Při výběru ze čtyř protagonistek seriálu jsme zvolili postavu Zoe a Kaylee. Ty nám tvoří dostatečný vzorek hlavních postav. Navíc se u každé výrazně liší jakým způsobem, a do jaké míry, narušují konvence westernu a sci-fi. Postavu River jsme zamítli z důvodu, že je v rámci televizní sci-fi popkultury hojně diskutovaná a věnuje se jí i odborné spisy11. U postavy Inary bychom také nalezli 5 BUTLER, Jeremy. Television: Critical Methods and Applications, 4th Edition. Routledge, 2011. 512 p. ISBN 978-0415883283. 6 Metodologii si blíže popíšeme v následující kapitole 2. Metodologie, do které zahrneme i důležitý text Richarda Dyera Stars. 7 ALTMAN, Rick. Obaly na vícero použití: Žánrové produkty a proces recyklace. Iluminace 14, 2002, č. 4 (48), s. 5-37, ISSN 0862-397X. ALTMAN, Rick. 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